revista_nr07

7/28/2019 revista_nr07

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Nr. 7 | APrILIE 2011

ViorelDanciuMeDiator

BIrOU DE MEDIErE DANCIU IOAN VIOrEL str. HOrEA Nr. 7, AP. 4, sAtU MArE tEL.: 0720.109.345E-MAIL: [email protected] LsA s ALEAg ALII PENtrU tINE. ALEgE tU MEDIErEA!PrIMELE 50 DE MEDIErI L-AU fCUt s sPUN: „trIEsC DIN MEDIErE!”

■ Medieea, îne oaniae şi deoaniae

■ Mediaion, beeenoaniaion and dioaniaion

Pa. 4

■ Medieeobliaoie?

■ Compulo mediaion?

Pa. 5

■ Ineaeaehnicilo NLP în mediee

■ NLP echniqueineaion in mediaion

Pa. 10

■ Plede„Po” mediee

■ I plead “Po”o mediaion

Pa. 16

■ Depemediee şi cone

■ Abou mediaion and cone

Pa. 17

■ Medieea în Maea Bianie aăi

■ Mediaionin he UK oda

Pa. 25

■ Inomaeala ediul inanţelo de udecaă

■ Inomaiona cou’ headquae

Pa. 32

■ Poocol de colaboae în vedeea implemenăii medieii

■ Collaboaion poocol o implemenaion o mediaion

Pa. 34



medierea, tehnică şi artă

2

mugur mitroimediation training school

organizes mediation training coursesas follows:

AprilSuceava, Brăila, Călăraşi, Braşov, Bucureşti,

Ploieşti, Giurgiu, Drobeta Turnu Severin

MAy

Alba Iulia, Constanţa, Alexandria, Sibiu,

Iaşi, Bucureşti, Satu Mare, Baia Mare

more details on the calendar of coursesand the registration form can be found

on www.fmmm.ro.

seriousness | experience | results

şcoala de formare în medieremugur mitroi

organizează cursuri de formare înmediere după următorul program:

AprilieSuceava, Brăila, Călăraşi, Braşov, Bucureşti,

Ploieşti, Giurgiu, Drobeta Turnu Severin

MAi

Alba Iulia, Constanţa, Alexandria, Sibiu,

Iaşi, Bucureşti, Satu Mare, Baia Mare mai multe detalii asupra calendaruluicursurilor şi formularului de înscriere

găsiţi la www.fmmm.ro.

seriozitate | experienţă | rezultate

Te Mugur Mitroi Mediation raining School provides, together with the course manual, needed in acqui-ring basic knowledge to become a mediator, the two works concerning procedure and conict, namely:“Te Guide o Proessional Mediator” and “Mediation and Conict,” while the mediators that will be autho-rized will be provided with ree advertising or a period o 90 days on the websites aliated to FMMM:

.., .., ..

Şcoala de Formare în Mediere Mugur Mitroi vă asigură, alături de suportul de curs, necesarul dobândiriicunoştinţelor de bază pentru a deveni mediator şi cele două lucrări ce privesc procedura şi conictul -anume: „Ghidul Mediatorului Proesionist” şi „Mediere şi C onict”, iar mediatorilor care se vor autorizale asigură promovare gratuită pe o perioadă de 90 de zile în cadrul saiturilor aliate FMMM:

.., .., ..

consecvenţăconsequencecalitate

quality

[email protected]+40 753 103 613

medieremediation




Di n s um ar

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www.mediereatehnicasiarta.ro | www.portalmediere.ro | www.medieretv.ro

CC Cţ:Mugur Mitroi – coordonator, Mădălina Calcan – redactor şe

ucia na Maria Zaharia – magistrat, coordonator sectiunea „Magistratii despre mediere” f. . . Gabriela Pohoata – dr. în olosofe, Universitatea Creştină „Dimitrie Cantemir”

. Camelia Gagu – mediator, avocat, Universitatea Crestina „Dimitrie Cantemir” lina Bădulescu – mediator, avocat, orin Bădulescu – preşedinte Centrul de Mediere Buzau, avocat

lena Necula – traducător alentin ădulescu – layout şi tehnoredactare

Tipar: uro Print Company S.R.L. Buzău | 0338.101.253 | [email protected]

S.C. FMMM S..., Centrul de Mediere Buzău

Medierea, între organizare şi dezorganizare ... 4 Mugur Mitroi

Mediere obligatorie? ............................................5 Paul Randolph

Construirea încrederii — performanţă înmediere .....................................................................7Gheorghe Năstase

ntegrarea tehnicilor NP în mediere .......... Laura Bota

nterviu .................................................................. Anca Simona Cinepa

e la triburile locale şi consiliile bătrâni-lor la satele globale şi udecătorii primitivi:evitarea Babilonului ..........................................4

Gabriela Calbureanu

Pledez „Pro” mediere .......................................... Anda Pausan

espre mediere şi contet .................................7 Danciu Ioan Viorel

ision. nde va fi medierea în ani lanivel mondial? ......................................................

Michael Leathes

Medierea în Marea Britanie astăzi .................5Sir Henry Brooke

Punct de vedere al sociaţiei Centrul de

Mediere Buzău referitor la propunerile demodificare ..F. .................................................. Dorin Bădulescu

Medierea — un pic mai bine pentru dumnea-voastră, un pic mai bine pentru ustiţie ........

Daniela Maria Sîrbu

nformarea la sediul instanţelor de udeca-tă, o modalitate de a promova medierea .......

Mircea Marcoci

Protocol de colaborare în vederea imple-mentării medierii .................................................4

Mediation, between organization and disor-ganization ...............................................................4

Mugur Mitroi

Compulsory mediation? ........................................5

Paul RandolphBuilding trust — performance in mediation ...7Gheorghe Năstase

NP techniues integration in mediation .... Laura Bota

nterview................................................................ Anca Simona Cinepa

From local tribes and elders councils toglobal villages and savage udges: avoidingBabylon...................................................................4

Gabriela Calbureanu

plead “Pro” for mediation .............................. Anda Pausan

bout mediation and contet ..........................7 Danciu Ioan Viorel

ision. Where in the world will mediati-on be within years? .........................................

Michael Leathes

Mediation in the K today ................................5Sir Henry Brooke

Point of view of Buzău Mediation Center

ssociation referring to the proposals on..F. modification .............................................. Dorin Bădulescu

Mediation — a bit better for you, a bit betterfor ustice ..............................................................

Daniela Maria Sîrbu

nformation at court’s headuarters, a wayto promote mediation .........................................

Mircea Marcoci

Collaboration protocol for implementationof mediation ..........................................................4

DIN CUPrINs




E d i t o r i a l

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MEDIErEA, ÎNtrE OrgANIzArEŞI DEzOrgANIzArE

se doreste ca proesia liberaladenumita “Mediere” sa devinacea mai centralizata proesie

liberala din tara!In prezent avem o organizare a

proesiei bazata pe un singur orga-nism central numit conorm legiiConsiliul de Mediere si ormele deexercitare ale proesiei adica: “biroude mediator”, “societate de media-tori” si contract de munca in cadrulunei asociatii si/sau undatii.

Exista opinii care considera ca,pentru o organizare “ecienta”, totimediatorii trebuie sa se inscrie intr-oasociatie inintata in baza ordonan-tei de urgenta nr. 26/2000 cu privirela asociatii si undatii, pentru ca asa

“se poate comunica ecient”.Ce se uita este aptul ca subiec-

tul de drept numit “mediator” aredrepturi si obligatii doar in bazalegii nr. 192/2006 privind medie-rea, iar vointa mediatorilor cu pri-

vire la asociere in orme asociativeprevazute de alte legi si nu de legeamedierii nu poate viciata prin in-terventia tertilor si impunerea unorobligatii care exced cadrului legal.

Asociatiile inintate in baza le-gii asociatiilor si undatiilor au unstatut care este rezultatul exclusiv al membrilor acestor asociatii si nuimpus de un tert.

Orice modicare a statutului esterezultatul aceleiasi vointe a mem-brilor si reprezinta o maniestare de

vointa liber consimtita.

CE sE DOrEstE:Subordonarea asociatiilor si

dictarea unei politici de organiza-re care nu mai reprezinta vointamembrilor.

CE NU sE DOrEstE:Descentralizarea atributiilor

Consiliului de Mediere prin olosi-rea institutiei “mandatului” si dele-garea de competente catre teritoriu.

Este necesara delegarea catre te-ritoriu pentru ca o comunicare e-cienta se poate realiza doar la nivelteritorial.

O administrare ecienta se poateorganiza doar prin delegarea atri-butiilor de autorizare catre teritoriu.

O promovare ecienta se poa-te realiza doar la nivel de teritoriuprin administrarea ondurilor decatre delegatii teritoriali.

Un control ecient se poate realizadoar prin contactul direct si nu prininintarea de comisii la nivel central.

Nu trebuie sa cautam retete decentralizare excesiva pentru ca oconsecinta directa o reprezinta bi-rocratizarea excesiva.

Suntem o proesie liberala carese bazeaza pe libera concurenta sipromovarea individuala.

Oare de ce trebuie sa trecem prinetapele pe care altii cu iscusinta le-

au evitat? ■

Mugur Mitroi

MEDIAtION, BEtwEEN OrgANI-zAtION AND DIsOrgANIzAtION

some wish the liberal proes-sion called “mediation” tobecome the most centralized

liberal proession in the country!Presently, we have a proession

organization based on a single cen-tral body, named, according to thelaw, the Mediation Council andthe orms to exert the proession,namely “mediators’ oce,” “society o mediators” and a labor contractwithin association and oundation.

For an “ecient” organization,there are opinions saying that allmediators must aliate to an asso-ciation established according to thelaw o associations and oundations,or an ecient communication.

But people orget that the per-son called mediator has rights andobligations only under the law 192/2006, and the will o mediatorsregarding association stipulated by other laws than the mediation law,cannot be altered through the in-tervention o third parties and by imposing o some obligations thatexceed the legal ramework.

Te associations establishedthrough the law o associations andoundations have a status which isthe exclusive result o the membersbelonging to these associations andnot imposed by a third party.

Any modication o the status isthe result o the same wish o mem-bers and it represents a maniesta-tion o ree will.

sO, wHAt DO tHEy wANt tO ACHIEVE:

Subordination o associationsand enorcement o an organizationpolicy which no longer representsthe members’ will.

wHAt DON’t tHEy wANt tO ACHIEVE:Decentralization o the Mediation

Council’s attributions by using theinstitution o “mandate” and delega-tion o competences in the territory.

Delegation towards the territory is necessary, because an ecientcommunication can be ullledonly at territorial level.

An ecient administration canbe organized only through delega-tion o authorization attributionstowards the territory.

An ecient promotion canonly be achieved at territory level,through the administration o unds by the territory delegates.

An ecient control can be acquiredonly through direct control, not by creating commissions at central level.

We do not have to search or ex-cessive centralization recipes, be-cause excessive bureaucracy repre-sents a direct consequence.

We are a liberal proession, whichis based upon ree competition andindividual promotion.

Why is it that we need to gothrough the stages that others haveskillully avoided? ■

Mugur Mitroi




E d i t or i al

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MEDIErE OBLIgAtOrIE?Paul Randolph

PE sCUrt

L

itigiul prelungit poate unul din-tre cele mai distructive elementedin societate: acesta distruge aa-

ceri, destrama casatorii si aecteazasanatatea. De aici si nevoia socialaurgenta de a descuraja oamenii sa in-tre in dispute prelungite inutile.

Imaginati-va pentru o clipa camedierea este un produs – o solutieanti-pete – care poate cumparat dinorice supermarket. Aproape oricinel-a olosit il lauda oarte mult. Pro-dusul “ace ceea ce scrie pe cutie:”este iein, rapid, usor de olosit sieconomiseste timp, bani si energie.Pe un ra vecin, se aa o alte solutieanti-pete, numit litigiu. Aproape toticare l-au olosit sunt oarte critici laadresa lui: de multe ori nu reuseste saurnizeze promisiunea de succes: esteoarte costisitor, oarte incet si consu-ma cantitati enorme de timp, bani sienergie. Si totusi, lumea se inghesuiesa cumpere litigiul si lasa medierea pera. De ce?

Aceasta situatie bizara, care sdea-za trendurile pietii, a ost conrmatade proesorul Dame Hazel Genn incercetarea sa despre Schema Pilotasupra ranserului Automat catreMediere din cadrul Instantei central-londoneze, unde in aproximativ 80%

dintre cazuri, una sau ambele partiau obiectat impotriva medierii.Alta cercetare a mai aratat ca oame-

nii nu sunt la el de entuziasmati de me-diere cum ar vrea guvernul, judecatoriisi comunitatea medierii sa e.

Asadar, ce conduce publicul lacumpararea masiva a produsuluidespre care stie ca este costisitor, dedurata si riscant de olosit, in compa-ratie cu altul care este mai iein, mairapid si are riscuri mici sau deloc?

IstOrIA PrOBLEMEIMulti vor spune ca este o proble-

ma de educatie: ca exista inca multiignoranti cu privire la mediere, sicare trebuie numai inormati. In-tr-adevar, in Raportul nal asupracosturilor civile, Rupert Jackson re-comanda o campanie serioasa, caresa asigure ca toti avocatii si judeca-torii sunt inormati in mod potrivitdespre mecanismul de unctionare alADR si despre beneciile pe care lepoate aduce.

otusi, trist este ca mediatoriibritanici au petrecut ultimii 20 deani exact intr-o astel de campanie –educarea in primul rand a avocatilor,

apoi a judecatorilor, a publicului larg,a institutiilor nanciare, asiguratori-lor si companiilor mici. Dar poateramane oricare dintre acesti oamenineinormat in legatura cu medie-rea in epoca a I-ului, unde Googlepoate deni orice concept si poate

explica orice varianta de utilizare, innano secunde? Sau poate publicul,din anumite motive, nu vrea sa stie?

De-a lungul istoriei, clericii crestini,invatatorii rabini, clericii musulmani,calugarii budisti si lozoi conucianiau dorit sa invete esenta medierii. No-titele lui Abraham Lincoln din 1850la un curs tinut studentilor sai conti-neau urmatoarele: “Descurajati litigiul.Convingeti-va vecinii sa aca compro-misuri oricand pot… Ca pacicator,avocatul are o oportunitate mai marede a o persoana buna. Vor suci-ente alte ocazii.”

DE CE s-AU PIErDUt IN VANt tOAtE ACEstE INVAtAtUrI?

Este adevarat ca multe rme deavocatura, corporatii si companii deasigurari au ost convertite catre me-diere. Unii judecatori au descoperitca prin pasarea de exemplu a conic-telor marunte medierii, evita sa maiasculte cele mai obositoare si inutilecazuri de pe lista lor.

Si totusi, medierea nu a ost accep-tata de sistemul legal in masura incare majoritatea ar sperat.

PrOBLEMA – ExPLICAtA PsIHO-LOgIC

Ca specie, nu suntem programatisa acem compromisuri, suntemprogramati sa castigam – si pentru acastiga vrem sa vedem sange pe pere-

ti! Avem o agresiune innascuta, care,atunci cand ne aam in conict, setransorma dintr-un simplu instinctde “supravietuire” intr-o nevoie acu-ta de a ne zdrobi oponentul. Nu maiactionam rational si nici nu mai gan-dim comercial; in schimb suntemcondusi de dorinta emotionala de atriuma asupra oponentului nostru.

Astel de emotii nu se rezumadoar la certuri legate de proprietatesau bunuri amiliale. Un studiu dinoctombrie 2007 realizat de catre Fi-eld Fisher Waterhouse arata ca 47%dintre respondenti (directori si avo-

cati) implicati in litigii comerciale,admiteau ca o antipatie personalapentru cealalta parte i-a condus la unlitigiu costistitor si de durata.

AMIgDALA – O rAtIONALIzArEBIOLOgICA

Exista o explicatie biologica pen-tru un astel de comportament:aceasta este amigdala, o parte a cre-ierului care controleaza raspunsulemotional “automat.” Dintr-o per-spectiva evolutiva, aceasta a guvernatreexul “lupta sau ugi,” asociat curica atacului. Amigdala reactionea-

za la amenintarea atacului prin initi-erea unei reactii la nivelul creieruluicare domina neocortexul (partea degandire “rationala”) si ne impiedicazic sa ne bazam pe inteligenta sauaplicarea ratiunii.

In termeni actuali bineinteles,

COMPULsOry MEDIAtION?Paul Randolph w

BrIEf

P

rotracted litigation can be oneo the most destructive ele-ments in society: it destroys

businesses, breaks up marriages,and damages health. Tere is there-ore an urgent social need to dis-suade people rom unnecessarily entering into prolonged disputes.

Imagine or a moment that medi-ation is a product—a stain remov-er—that can be purchased rom any supermarket. Almost all who haveused it praise it highly. Te prod-uct „does what it says on the tin”:it is cheap, quick, is easy to use, andsaves time, cost and energy. On theadjacent shel is another stain re-mover called litigation. Almost allwho have used it are highly criticalo it: it requently ails to deliver itspromise o success: it is extremely costly, very slow, and takes up hugeamounts o time, money and ener-gy. Yet people queue up to purchaselitigation, and leave mediation onthe shel. Why?

Tis bizarre situation, whichdees all market trends, was con-rmed by Proessor Dame HazelGenn in her research into the Au-tomatic Reerral to Mediation PilotScheme at Central London County

Court, where in approximately 80%o cases, one or both parties ob- jected to mediation. Other researchalso shows that people are not asenthusiastic about mediation as thegovernment, the judges, and themediation community think they ought to be.

So what is it that drives the pub-lic to purchase in droves a productthey know is costly, lengthy andrisky to use, in preerence to onethat is cheaper, aster and has littleor no risk?

HIstOry Of tHE PrOBLEMMany will argue that it is a mat-ter o education: that there are stilltoo many who remain ignorantabout mediation, and who merely need to be inormed. Indeed, inhis Final Report on Civil Costs, SirRupert Jackson recommends thatthere should be a serious campaignto ensure that all litigation lawyersand judges are properly inormedo how ADR works, and the benetsthat it can bring.

However, the sad act is that UKmediators have spent the last 20

years in just such a campaign—ed-ucating rstly solicitors and barris-ters, then judges, the public, nan-cial institutions, insurers and largeand small corporations. Can any o these people remain truly unin-ormed about mediation, in this age

o I, where Google can ully deneany concept, and explain every var-iant o its use, in nano seconds? Oris it a case o the public, or somereason, not wishing to know?

Troughout history, Christianclergy, Rabbinical teachers, Muslimclerics, Buddhist monks, and Con-ucian philosophers have soughtto teach the essence o mediation.Abraham Lincoln’s 1850 notes ora lecture to his law students con-tained the ollowing: „Discouragelitigation. Persuade your neighborsto compromise whenever they can...As a peacemaker, the lawyer hasa superior opportunity o being agood man. Tere will still be busi-ness enough.”

wHy HAVE ALL tHEsE tEACHINgsfALLEN UPON DEAf EArs?

It is true that many law rms, cor-porations and insurance companieshave been converted to mediation.Some judges have ound that by reer-ring, or example boundary disputesto mediation, they relieve themselveso having to hear the most tiresomeand utile cases in their lists.

But still mediation has not beenaccepted by the legal system in theway most would have hoped.

tHE PrOBLEM ExPLAINED— Psy-CHOLOgICALLy

As a species, we are not pro-grammed to compromise, we areprogrammed to win—and in win-ning we want to see blood on thewalls! We have an innate aggres-sion, which, when we are in dis-pute, transorms itsel rom a mereinstinct to „survive” into an acuteneed to crush the opposition. Weno longer act rationally or think commercially; instead we are driv-en by an emotional craving to tri-umph over our opponent.

Such emotions are not connedto squabbles over property bounda-

ries or amily assets. A survey inOctober 2007 by the Field FisherWaterhouse, ound that 47% o therespondents (chie executives andin-house lawyers) involved in com-mercial litigation, admitted that apersonal dislike o the other sidehad driven them into costly andlengthy litigation.

tHE AMygDALA—A BIOLOgICAL rAtIONALIsAtION

Tere is a biological explana-tion or such behaviour: it is theAmygdala, a part o our brain that

controls our „automatic” emotionalresponses. From an evolutionary perspective, it governed the „ghtor ight” reex, associated with earo attack. Te amygdala reacts to thethreat o attack by initiating a reac-tion within the brain which over-




E d i t o r i a l

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atacul care poate atrage o astel dereactie nu e neaparat un atac zic, cimai degraba un atac personal asupra

valorilor si integritatii noastre. Incontext legal, putine atacuri pot mai penetrante decat o acuzatie deneglijenta individuala sau corporati-

va sau incalcarea unui contract.“Ce conduce publicul larg sa cum-

pere un produs despre care stie ca ecostisitor, de lunga durata si riscantde olosit?”

Din aceasta cauza, partile aate inconict se gasesc in imposibilitatea dea aborda problema in mod rational –mai ales in prima aza a disputei, candemotiile sunt crude, respectul de sine asuerit o dauna, iar partile sunt condu-se de sentimente de manie, rustrare,umilinta si tradare. Aceasta este etapain care tentatia litigiului este cea maiputernica, oerind tot ceea ce justitia-bilul tanjeste dupa: razbunare totala,succes absolut, inrangere publica siumilire a celeilalte parti si sume uriasede bani!

Medierea nu poate concura cuastel de promisiune, asa ca nu e demirare ca litigiul este alegerea pree-rata pentru rezolvarea disputei. Deabia atunci cand stresul unui litigiuprelungit se ace simtit, partile incepsa ia in considerare orme alternativede solutionare. Este cumva timpul sae introdusa o anumita obligativita-te, pentru a proteja partile de proprialor nesabuinta?

ArgUMENtE

Mediatorii traditionali au o aversi-une inteligibila pentru obligativitate:un element de baza al medierii estetocmai aptul ca este un proces vo-luntar. Mai departe, mediatorii sus-tin ca medierea obligatorie:

• ar da nastere altor proceduricostisitoare;

• ar impiedica in mod incorectdreptul publicului de a acce-sa gratuit instantele;

• statistic ar obtine rate de suc-ces mai mici

Lordul Phillips, ostul presedinte alCurtii Supreme, a contestat aceste ar-

gumente la o Conerinta in Delhi din2008, spunand ca “medierea ordonatade instantanta doar amana pentru oscurta perioada mersul procesului sinu neaga dreptul oricarei dintre partila proces…” “Medierea este ordonatain multe jurisdictii ara sa aectezematerial perspectivele de succes.”Acesta a descris ca o “nebunie” aptulde a implica “costurile semnicativeale litigiului…ara a ace o incercareintemeiata de a ajunge la un acordamiabil.”

Medierea poate sa nu e potrivitain toate cazurile, de exemplu in ca-

zurile in care un verdict denitiv estenecesar, sau se impune o sanctiune;sau in cazurile in care expunerea li-tigiului este dorita (cum se intamplain unele cazuri de copyright). otusi,ramane nejusticat din punct de ve-dere comercial sa continui disputa,

atunci cand exista o posibilitate al-ternativa de a ajunge la o rezolvaremai rapida.

Lordul Clarke, pe atunci presedinteal Curtii de Apel, spunea la Grays Innin iunie 2009: “numai un nesabuit nu

vrea sa ajunga la o intelegere.”

rAsPUNsUL Cu siguranta trebuie sa e vremea

de a obliga partile sa medieze araa le oblige neaparat sa ajunga si lao intelegere? ADR obligatoriu esteacceptat la nivel mondial, din SUA,Scandinavia si China, pana in Aus-tralia si Noua Zeelanda. Mai mult, nuexista nici o piedica constituitionalain Marea Britanie impotriva medi-erii obligatorii. Articolul 5(2) al Di-rectivei Europene in vigoare permitelegislatiei noastre nationale sa acamedierea obligatorie, cu conditia dea nu nega dreptul partilor de a accesainstantele.

Atitudini pozitive medierii obli-gatorii au ost auzite si la alti membriseniori ai sistemului judiciar, aratandaptul ca instantele au puteri sub pre-

vederile managementului de caz dincadrul CPR pentru a conduce medi-erea. Chiar si acolo unde personalul

judiciar nu este convins de mediereaobligatorie, sunt unanim de acord catrebuie sa existe “o incurajare robus-ta” pentru mediere.

Raportul Final al lui Rupert Jack-son concluzioneaza ca in ciuda bene-ciilor aduse de mediere, partile nuar trebui niciodata sa e constranse

sa medieze. El recomanda ca, in ca-zurile potrivite, instantele pot si artrebui:

• Sa incurajeze medierea si sasublinieze beneciile sale

• Sa directioneze partile sa seintalneasca si/sau sa discutedespre mediere

• Sa ceara explicatii de la par-tea care reuza medierea

• Si sa penalizeze nanciarpartile care au reuzat medi-erea in mod nejusticat

O “directionare” catre intalnire si/sau discutare despre mediere poate

insemna “o incurajare robusta,” dareste ea sucienta? Daca nu, va existamereu tentatia de a creste nivelul derobustete – si linia dintre incurajaresi obligativitate se va degrada treptat.

Litigiul prelungit poate unuldintre cele mai distructive elementedintr-o societate: distruge aaceri,destrama casatorii si aecteaza sana-tatea. De aceea, e nevoie urgent sa nedescurajam vecinii sa intre in disputeprelungite inutile.

Baroneasa Scotland, din pozitiade Procuror General, a anuntat aspi-ratiile guvernului de a ace din ADR

procesul normal de solutionare adisputelor, si litigiul alternativa. Dacapersuasiunea prin intermediul logi-cii comerciale nu poate obtine asta,atunci anumite orme de obligativita-te pare a raspunsul cel mai evidentsi mai olositor. ■

rides the neo-cortex (the “rational”thinking part) and physically pre-cludes any reliance upon intelli-gence or application o reasoning.

In present day terms o course,the attack which can trigger such areaction is not necessarily a physi-cal attack, but rather a personal at-tack upon our values and integrity.In a legal context, ew attacks can bemore deeply penetrating than an al-legation o individual or corporatenegligence or breach o contract.

It is or this reason that partiesin dispute nd themselves unableto approach the matter rationally—particularly in the initial stages o the dispute, when the emotions areraw, sel esteem has sufered a bat-tering, and the parties are drivenby eelings o anger, rustration,humiliation, and betrayal. It is atthis stage that the lure o litigationis at its most powerul, ofering eve-rything a litigant yearns or: com-plete vindication, outright success,public deeat and humiliation o theother side, and vast sums o money!

Mediation cannot compete withsuch promises, and so little won-der that litigation is the disputant’spreerred choice o a resolutionprocess. It is not until the stress o protracted litigation begins to bite,that litigants start to consider al-ternative orms o resolution. Is ittime or some orm o compulsionto be introduced, to protect litigantsrom their own olly?

tHE ArgUMENtsPurist mediators have an intel-

ligible aversion to compulsion: acornerstone o mediation is that itis a voluntary consensual process.Mediators urther argue that man-datory mediation would:

• create another strata o costly procedure;

• unairly impede the public’sright o ree access to thecourts;

• achieve statistically lowersuccess rates.

Lord Phillips, the ormer lordchie justice, reuted these conten-tions at a Delhi Conerence in 2008,stating “court- ordered mediationmerely delays briey the progress totrial and does not deprive a party o any right to trial”.. .”Mediation is or-dered in many jurisdictions withoutmaterially afecting the prospects o success”. He described it as “mad-ness” to incur “the considerable ex-pense o litigation..without makinga determined attempt to reach anamicable settlement”.

Mediation may not be appropri-

ate in all cases, or instance wherea denitive ruling on the law is re-quired, or an injunction is sought;or the visibility o litigation may be desirable (as in some copyrightcases). Yet it remains commercially indeensible to continue in dispute

with another, where there is an al-ternative possibility o early reso-lution. Lord Clarke, then mastero the rolls, in his speech at GraysInn in June 2009, stated: “only a ooldoes not want to settle”.

tHE ANswErSurely it must be time to oblige

parties to mediate without neces-sarily compelling them to settle?Mandatory ADR is accepted glob-ally, rom the US, through Scandi-navia and China, to Australia andNew Zealand. Furthermore, thereis no constitutional bar in the UKto mandatory mediation. Article5(2) o the EU Directive in efectpermits our national legislation tomake mediation compulsory, pro-

viding it does not deny the parties aright o access to the courts.

Positive sentiments upon man-datory mediation have been echoedby other senior members o the ju-diciary, pointing to the act that thecourts have existing powers underthe case management provisions inthe CPR to direct mediation. Evenwhere the judiciary are not entirely convinced o compulsory media-tion, they are virtually unanimousin agreeing that there must be “ro-bust encouragement” to mediate.

Sir Rupert Jackson’s Final Reportconcludes that despite the consid-erable benets o mediation, partiesshould never be compelled to medi-ate. He recommends that courts can

and should in appropriate cases:• encourage mediation andpoint out its benets;

• direct the parties to meetand/or discuss mediation;

• require an explanation romthe party which declines tomediate; and

• penalise in costs partieswhich have unreasonably reused to mediate.

A “direction to meet and/or todiscuss mediation” may amountto “robust encouragement”, but isit sucient? I not, then there will

be an inevitable temptation to everraise levels o robustness—and theline between encouragement andcompulsion will gradually erode.

Protracted litigation can be oneo the most destructive elementsin society: it destroys businesses,breaks up marriages, and damageshealth. Tere is thereore an urgentsocial need to dissuade our neigh-bours rom unnecessarily enteringinto prolonged disputes.

Baroness Scotland, when At-torney General, announced thegovernment’s aspiration o making

ADR the mainstream dispute reso-lution process, and litigation thealternative. I persuasion throughcommercial logic cannot achievethis, then some orm o compulsionis likely to be the obvious and mostefective answer. ■




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CONstrUIrEA ÎNCrEDErII— PErfOrMANţă ÎN MEDIErE

Increderea este cheia oricarei relatii,ara de care nu ar exista comunica-re, inuenta tranzactii, transormari,

mediere si schimbare. Fara incredere,lucrurile nu ar putea evolua in directiadezvoltarii si a consolidarii relatiilorinterpersonale. Relatiile interpersona-le au la baza succesului sau esecului lorincrederea. Dar ce este increderea? Indecursul anilor si din perspectiva spe-cialistilor, aceasta a avut mai multe de-nitii, dar eu m-as opri asupra aceleiain care increderea este actiunea de a seincrede si rezultatul ei bazate pe cinste,corectitudine, sinceritate, convingeresi lipsa de indoiala. Increderea este unact cu dubla dimensiune: cognitiva siemotionala. Dimensiunea cognitivaeste materializata prin aptul ca parti-le implicate intr-o relatie se evalueazareciproc, in scopul identicarii ele-mentelor de caracter, comportament,personalitate, valori etc., care il ac pecelalalt demn de incredere. Emotio-nalitatea increderii se gaseste în vul-nerabilitatea pe care o expunem, indeschiderea pe care o avem in relatiilenoastre. In aceasta dimensiune, partileimplicate depasesc partea de cunoste-re si de cautare a dovezilor de incre-dere, admitand emotional ca celalaltnu va actiona intr-o maniera negativa.Increderea este colorata de o paletade emotii precum: conort, siguran-

ta, aectiune, atasament, conexiune siacceptare.Avand in vedere ca increderea este

una din trasaturile importante aleprocedurii de mediere, iar construi-rea increderii este tehnica esentiala inmediere, voi ace reerire pe scurt ladoua aspecte ale increderii in medi-ere: increderea mediatorului in pro-pria persoana si increderea partilor inpersoana mediatorului şi implicit înprocedura de mediere.

I se realizeaza prinaprecierea si valorizarea propriei

persoane, avand o atitudine pozitivaapreciind ce ace bun si ind sigurde calitatile sale. Nici un alt actor nueste mai important decat incredereain propria persoană. Cei care isi cu-nosc propria valoare si au încredereîn ortele lor, stiu oarte bine care lesunt limitele si meritele. Sunt perectconstienti de capacitatea lor de a aceata provocarilor cotidiene, de capa-citatea lor de a gandi, de a in vata, dea alege, de a lua decizii, de a se adaptala schimbari. Increderea in propriapersoana depinde oarte mult decaracter si competenta si este carac-

terizata de onestitate, respect si cre-dibilitate. A avea o puternica incre-dere in propria persoana inseamna aavea incredere in propriile calitati, oimagine pozitiva ata de sine insasisi lipsa temerilor legate de successau esec. Aceste persoane isi asuma

responsabilitatea propriilor actiuni,insista in mentinerea propriilor stan-darde si sunt stimulate de provocarilecare apar in timpul eorturilor de a-siatinge obiectivele propuse. Ei con-sidera ca atat succesul, cat si eseculactiunilor lor depind exclusiv de elulin care reusesc sa inuenteze cursulresc al lucrurilor. Persoanele puter-nice nu-si vor pierde niciodata cre-dinta in propriile instincte, abilitati siprincipii. Felul in care gandesti des-pre propria persoana va determinasuccesul datorita puterii de a preve-dea ceea ce iti va putea inuenta spe-rantele, aspiratiile, actiunile si nepre-

vazutul din actiunile tale. Cand avemo parere pozitiva despre propria per-soana, suntem curajosi, ne asumamriscuri si ne simtim in siguranta. Fi-ind increzatori in propriile calitati, eiprimesc cu bucurie noile provocari sischimbari. Vor reusi ara problemesa-si stabileasca o noua tinta sau unnou obiectiv imediat ce au obtinut unrezultat important. Acestora le aceplacere sa intampine dicultati ne-asteptate si sa transorme problemelein oportunitati. In schimb, persoa-nele care nu au încredere în propriapersoana isi lasa temerile sa se asezeintre ele si ambitiile lor. Acestea opunrezistenta schimbarilor deoarece leameninta sentimentul de siguranta.

Nu trebuie sa uitam nici un momentca lipsa increderii in propria persoa-na si in posibilitatile acesteia este unobstacol permanent in calea reusite-lor in viata.

Unul dintre cei mai mari psihologiamericani contemporani, NB arma ca „ , - .x , “.

Dar pentru ca realitatea este une-ori dierita de ceea ce credem noi,important este sa recunosti ceea ce

alimenteaza stima de sine si ceeace o deterioreaza. Cel care traiesteconstient de sine insasi isi da repedeseama ca senzatia de incredere inpropria persoana vine dintr-un actde constientizare, din modul in carereusesti sa-ti accepti limitele propriisi din modul in care te respecti petine insuti.

Increderea in propria persoana secastiga adesea oarte greu, mult maigreu decat increderea celorlalti. Dacaunii se nasc cu ea, prin nu stiu cemiracol, altora le trebuie mult timppentru a deveni stapani pe propria

persoana in absolut orice situatie.otul depinde de educatie, de exper-tiza, de mediul in care a crescut si s-adezvoltat ecare, dar, mai ales, de e-lul in care stim sa ne cultivam si sane dezvoltam increderea in propriapersoana.

BUILDINg trUst — PErfOrMANCE IN MEDIAtION

t rust is the key o any relation-ship, without which therewould be no communication,

inuence, transactions, transor-mations, mediation and change.Without trust, things cannot devel-op and interpersonal relationshipscannot consolidate. Te successor ailure o interpersonal relation-ships is based on trust. But what istrust? Over the years, specialistsprovided several denitions, how-ever I would stop to the one say-ing that trust is the action o beingcondent and its result, based onhonesty, airness, sincerity, con-

viction and lack o doubt. rust isa double-dimensioned act: cogni-tive and emotional. Te cognitivedimension entails that the partiesinvolved in a relationship evalu-ate each other, in order to identiy the character, behavior, personality,

values, etc., which make the otherto be trusted. Te emotionality o trust can be ound in the vulner-ability we display, in the opennessshowed within a relationship. Inthis dimension, parties involvedoverpass the search or trust proos,emotionally admitting that the oth-er will not act in a negative manner.rust is colored by a range o emo-tions, such as: comort, saety, afec-

tion, attachment, connection andacceptance.aking into account that trust is

one o the most important eatureso mediation procedure, and build-ing up trust is the essential tech-nique in mediation, I will briey speak about the two aspects o trust in mediation area: the trusto mediator in own person and thetrust o parties in the mediator andimplicitly in the mediation proce-dure.

M’ w is achieved through appreciation

and valorization o own person,holding a positive attitude, appreci-ating the good deeds and being sureo own qualities. No other actor ismore important than trust in ownperson. Tose who know their own

value and have condence in ownorces know very well their lim-its and merits. Tey are perectly aware o their capacities to acethe daily challenges, to think, tochoose, to make decisions, to adaptto changes. rust in own person de-pends heavily on the character andcompetence and is characterized by

honesty, respect and credibility. ohave a strong condence in ownperson means to have condencein own qualities, a positive imageabout onesel and lack o ears re-garding success or ailure. Tesepersons take responsibility or their

actions, insist in maintaining theirown standards and are stimulatedby the challenges that appear intheir eforts to achieve their aims.Tey believe that both success andailure o their actions depend ex-clusively on the way they manage toinuence the natural way o things.Strong persons will never lose trustin own instincts, skills and prin-ciples. Te way in which a personthinks o onesel will determinethe success, due to the power tooresee what might inuence one’shopes, aspirations, actions and theunexpected. When having a posi-tive opinion about own person, weare courageous, we take risks andeel sae. Being condent in ownqualities, we gladly accept new challenges and changes. Tey willmanage to set a new target or a new objective right aer getting an im-portant result. Tey enjoy acingunexpected diculties and trans-orm problems into opportunities.In return, the persons who do nothave condence in own person, lettheir ears interere in their ambi-tions. Tey ght changes, becausechanges threat their eeling o sae-ty. We must not orget or a secondthat the lack o trust in own personand possibilities is a permanent ob-

stacle in their success in lie.One o the biggest contemporary American psychologists, NB said that „ , . T , .”

But because reality is sometimediferent rom what we believe, itis important to recognize what u-els our sel-esteem and what dete-riorates it. Te person who is awareo onesel quickly realizes that the

sense o trust in own person comesrom an awareness act, rom theway in which he/she manages toaccept own limits and the way inwhich you respect yoursel.

rust in own person is oen won very hard, harder that the trust inothers. I some are born with itthrough an unknown miracle, oth-ers need time to become masterso own person in any situation. Itall depends on education, expertise,environment they grew and devel-oped, but especially on the way inwhich we are capable to cultivate

and develop the trust in own person.DEVELOP tHE trUst IN OwN PEr-sON As fOLLOws:•

. Ad-mit that we have both strengths




E d i t o r i a l

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and weaknesses. Give yoursel the right to have your own opin-ions, and should not be embar-rassed about them beore any-one. Accept your own limits by respecting yoursel. In the end,everyone has the right to think or onesel.

• S - q. Be authen-tic in all relationships that youhave with people around anddo not try to ake reality only toplease others. Dare to expressyour opinions openly, in otherwords, just be yoursel! Developyour qualities by deeating theweaknesses matching the quali-ties you want to develop.

• -. ry to examine yoursel rom outside, to know who youreally are. Admit your own me-rits and qualities that you cancount on. Te better you know yoursel, the more chances youhave or progress.

• - j. Start by setting smalltargets and objectives every day.But to accomplish this, you needto know your capacities and setattainable objectives. Increasetheir level o diculty gradually and observe where the problemsappear, to know what you shouldx. Accept your mistakes andlearn to change. It’s no wonderthey say humans learn rom own

mistakes.• Tk .Even i it seems hard to believe,sel-suggestion and sel-percep-tion heavily inuence our trustin own person. Short sentenceslike:”I will make it,” “I can over-come this,” “I am the best,” toldin your mind each day you haveto ace unpredicted situations so-metimes have miraculous efects.It is very important to believe inyour power to solve anything.

• B . Beaware o daily challenges, respect

concrete deeds, be present andcareul at whatever you have tomake. Be curious, open to thingsthat surround you and be active.Be aware o everything you do.Don’t let lie pass near you.

• F . Don’t avoiddicult situations, better acethem directly and move on. Le-arn to answer promptly to astranger that initiates a conversa-tion or to look in the eyes o thepersons you are talking to. Youwill see that each new experien-ce will make you richer and will

increase the condence in yourown person.• P . Learn

to live in harmony between whatwe know, what we do and whatwe experience. ell the truth,keep your promises and express

yoursel reely.• Regardless o their social or phy-

sical condition, people generally strive to obtain rom others theimpressions they want to re-ceive. Tat is why they will try sel-promotion and even to winsomebody’s avor. I they want tobe seen as competent, then they will say good things about themand will take actions that are vi-sible or the others. Tose whowant to win somebody’s avorwill make themselves pleasant,presenting them in a good light,possessing very high social qua-lities (intelligence, honesty, seri-ousness).

•

• T - needs efort and co-urage rom those involved. Tetrust given to mediator and im-plicitly to mediation procedure,techniques, strategies and tacticsused stimulates the parties ingenerating and nding solutionsonly accepted by them. Medi-ators who manage to win thecondence o parties involvedin mediation will be capable toinspire dialogues based upontrust and collaboration, whichwill lead to new perormancestandards in mediation area. Inbusiness area, as well as in me-diation, business, namely medi-ation would not develop witho-

ut mutual condence betweenpeople. Yet, as we all know, trustcannot be requested, it has to beearned. Te question is: How canwe earn the condence o the pe-ople who chose mediation as analternative mode to solve theirconicts, disputes? rust can beearned through the way in whi-ch we take responsibilities, ulllour commitments, by clariyingour and parties’ expectations, by treating people with respect andkindness, by being as transpa-rent as possible and by helping

people to develop their poten-tial and accomplish their needs.rust develops by keeping yourpromises, by showing integrity and inspiring others to maketheir own decisions. Te medi-ator needs to have the power tostir enthusiasm in people. Only by encouraging people, will they be able to develop the wish toopen up to mediator. I we don’torget to ofer gratitude and en-couragement and to congratulateparties each time they make asmall progress, then we could say

that we brought our contributionin building the trust in mediatorand implicitly in the mediationinstitution. It is very importantto stimulate the parties’ wishto give the other a chance. Let’suse convincing arguments and

DEzVOLtA-tI INCrEDErEA INPrOPrIA PErsOANA AstfEL:• - -

- . Recunoas-te-ti ca avem in noi insine calitatisi deecte. Acorda-ti dreptul de aavea propriile opinii, de care nutrebuie sa iti e rusine in ata ni-manui. Accepta-ti limitele proprii,respectandu-te pe tine insuti. Inond, ecare are dreptul sa gan-deasca pentru sine.

• - - - . Fii autentic intoate relatiile pe care le ai cu ceidin jur si nu incerca sa alsici re-alitatea doar de dragul de a placealtora. Indrazneste sa iti spui pare-rile deschis, cu alte cuvinte, i tuinsuti! Dezvolta-ti calitatile prininvingerea deectelor corespunza-toare calitatilor pe care doresti sale dezvolti.

• - . Cauta sa te examinezi din exterior,sa stii cine esti cu adevarat. Recu-noaste-ti propriile merite si calitatipe care te poti baza. Cu cat te veicunoaste mai bine cu atat vei aveamai multe sanse de progres.

• x . Incepe prin a-ti xatinte si obiective mici in ecare zi.Dar pentru asta este nevoie sa iticunosti capacitatile si sa iti xeziobiective realizabile. Mareste pro-gresiv dicultatea lor si observaunde apar problemele ca sa stii ince masura le poti rezolva. Accepta-

ti greselile si invata sa te schimbi.Nu intamplator se spune ca omuldin greseli invata.

• G . Chiar daca pare greu decrezut, autosugestia si autopercep-tia inuenteaza oarte mult incre-derea in propria persoana. Frazelescurte ca „Voi reusi”, „Pot sa trecpeste asta” „Sunt cel mai bun”, ros-tite în minte in ecare zi in caretrebuie sa inrunti situatii nepre-

vazute au uneori eecte miraculoa-se. Este oarte important sa crezi inputerea proprie de a rezolva orice.

•

C . Realizea-za provocarile cotidiene, respectaaptele concrete, i prezent si atentla ceea ce ai de acut. Fii curios,deschis la ceea ce te inconjoara sii activ. Responsabilizeaza tot ceeace aci. Nu lasa viata sa treaca pelanga tine.

• . Nu ocolisituatiile dicile, mai bine inrun-ta-le direct si mergi mai departe.Invata sa raspunzi prompt unuinecunoscut care deschide o con-

versatie sau sa privesti in ochi pecei cu care dialoghezi. Vei vedea

ca ecare noua experienta te vaimbogati si-ti va spori incredereain propria persoana.

• . Invata sa traiesti in armonie in-tre ceea ce stim, ce proesam si cetraim. Spune ade varul, tine-ti pro-

misiunile si exprima-te liber.• Indierent de conditia lor sociala

sau zica in general, oamenii sestraduiesc sa obtina din parteacelorlalti impresiile dorite de ei.De aceea vor incerca promovareade sine si chiar intrarea in gratie.Daca doresc sa apara ca ind com-petenti, atunci vor spune lucruribune despre ei si va realiza actiuni

vizibile pentru ceilalti. Cei caredoresc intrarea in gratie se vor aceplacuti, prezentandu-se intr-o lu-mina avorabila, ca posedand ca-litati bine cotate social (inteligenta,onestitate, seriozitate).

- , necesita eort si curaj din partea ce-lor implicati. Increderea acordatamediatorului si implicit proceduriide mediere, tehnicilor, strategiilor sitacticilor olosite nu ac altceva decatsa stimuleze partile in generarea sigasirea de solutii numai de ei accep-tate. Mediatorii care vor reusi sa cas-tige increderea partilor implicate inmediere, vor capabili sa inspire undialog bazat pe incredere si colabora-re ceea ce va determina noi standardede perormanta in mediere Precumin mediul de aaceri, aacerile nu s-arderula ara increderea reciproca intreoameni asa si in mediere, proceduramedierii nu s-ar desasura daca nuar avea la baza increderea reciprocadintre oameni. Insa dupa cum stim

cu totii increderea nu poate ceruta,ea trebuie sa e castigata. Intrebareacare se pune este: „Cum sa ne casti-gam increderea din partea persoane-lor care aleg ca metoda alternativa desolutionare a conictelor/disputelor,medierea?”. Increderea se poate cas-tiga prin modul de a ne asuma res-ponsabilitati, de a ne respecta angaja-mentele prin claricarea asteptarilornoastre dar si a asteptarilor partilor,prin a-i trata pe oameni cu respect sicu bunatate, prin a cat mai trans-parenti si a-i ajuta pe oameni sa-sidezvolte potentialul si sa-si realizeze

nevoile. Increderea se dezvolta prina-ti tine promisiunile a arata integri-tate si a-i inspira pe altii in luarea pro-priilor decizii. Mediatorul trebuie saaiba puterea de a trezi entuziasm inoameni. Numai incurajand oamenii

vor putea dezvolta in ei dorinta de ase destainui cu incredere mediatoru-lui. Daca nu vom uita sa daruim re-cunostinta si incurajare si sa elicitampartile de ecare data cand au acutun progres cat de mic, atunci vom siguri ca am contribuit si noi la con-struirea increderii in mediator impli-cit in procedura de mediere. Este im-

portant sa starnim intre parti dorintade a mai acorda o sansa persoanelorcu care se aa in conict. Sa olosimargumente convingatoare si sa adre-sam intrebari care sa le arate partilorca ne intereseaza punctul lor de vede-re reeritor la ceea ce urmeaza sa se




E d i t or i al

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address questions which show the parties that we are interes-ted in their point o view con-cerning what is to happen. Temediator’s trust is increasedby the empathy showed to theparties, avoring their opennesstowards an ecient communi-cation, by the mediator’s powerto impose respect and by the ca-pacity to attract the interest andthe sympathy in a premeditatedmanner, through diferent attitu-des and behavior.In mediation, trust is related to

the rst impression, which is setin ew tens o seconds and is builtthroughout the mediation proce-dure. From the presentation to thenalization o the procedure, themediator will build a climate o trust between all parties involved.Te rst reaction is to search orcommon points and similarities.It is very important to grant theproper attention to the rst im-pression that you make and to beable to maintain it throughout themediation procedure. Tis can beachieved by:• k . Pay

attention to your clothes. Dressaccording to expectations, keepa nice hair style and a pleasantappearance.

• . Be po-lite, take a proper attitude, avoidaggressive or dominating lan-guage, respect the other’s private

space, remove the communica-tion barriers etc..• . It is

necessary to have a serious ace.Don’t orget that acial expres-sions play an important role(the smile encourages, the rownshows stress and tiredness), andmaintaining a visual contact isa sign o condence in relation-ship. ry to breathe at the samerate as your communicationpartners. You will enjoy a hugeand pleasant surprise.

• C , -

, - . Only arm handshake is a proo o trust.

• , - .

• T - : .Sentences like: “I respect youropinion and I add the act thatthe ollowing aspect can also betaken into consideration,” “It is

true that… and also that…” havemagical power.• C

. It really counts how ca-pable we are to understand theothers, not only to analyze them,

to penetrate their structure, liv-ing their cognitive and afectiveexperiences. It is like being theother person, yet maintainingyour own identity.

• . Tiswill make parties to grant con-dence to mediation, making themmore communicative and open.Perormance consists in creating

a climate based upon respect andtrust between the parties involvedin mediation.

It’s well known that, in order towork eciently and successully inany company, people need to work together and trust each others. How-ever, nowadays there are many peoplewho do not have condence. Tosepersons who once gave their con-dence to their lie partner, colleaguesand riends and were disappointed,will hardly have condence in some-body else. Tereore, I believe that themediator’s role is to nd opportuni-ties to acilitate communication inthe sense o gaining trust betweenthe parties involved in mediation.Mediation could help in regainingthe trust partially or totally lost, help-ing parties to build and consolidatea relation. Only in this way will theparties be able to search together orsolutions to bring them close and tocontinue the relations once had (col-laboration, riendship, marriage).

Mediation is based on the con-dence that parties give to mediator,as competent person able to acili-

tate the negotiations between them,to help them in solving the conictby obtaining mutual advantageousand durable solutions. Te media-tor cannot help in solving the con-ict unless he/she discovered thesource o conict. Tis is possibleonly i the mediator manages togain the trust o parties. Practically,people won’t give you condencei you don’t prove you care abouttheir problems and that you havethe necessary and legal competenceto solve them. Tereore, to buildtrust, the mediator needs to work

permanently, starting with the in-orming o the parties and nishingwith the conclusion o the media-tion procedure. When we manageto have condence in ourselves,and moreover, to extend this trustupon other, receiving condencein return, we might say that we willhave a relationship and dialoguebased on trust; only then are weable to debate the conict in a con-structive and perorming manner.Tereore, is better to remember tostart the day with trust in ourselvesand in our possibilities to cope with

lie requirements, animated by thewords o Vasile Alecsandri:“

.” ■

Gheorghe Nstase M C.M. Bză

intample. Increderea mediatoruluieste sporita de gradul de empatie ara-tat partilor, avorizand deschidereaacestora catre o comunicare eectiva,de puterea mediatorului de a impunerespect si de capacitatea de a atrageinteresul si simpatia intr-un modpremeditat prin diverse atitudini sicomportamente.

In mediere increderea este legatade prima impresie, cea care se sta-bileste intr-o durata de cateva zecide secunde si se construieste pe totparcursul procedurii de mediere. Dela prezentare pana la nalizarea pro-cedurii mediatorul va construi unclimat de incredere intre toate partileimplicate. Prima reactie este sa cautipuncte comune si similaritati. Esteoarte important sa acorzi atentia cu-

venita primei impresii pe care o acisi sa o poti mentine pe toata durataprocedurii de mediere. Aceasta sepoate realiza prin:• Imbunatatirea aspectului zic. Fii

atent la stilul vestimentar, la look-ul tau. Imbraca-te potrivit astepta-rilor, mentine-ti o coaura ingrijitasi un aspect placut.

• Respectarea bunelor maniere. Fiipoliticos, adopta o atitudine cores-punzatoare, evita limbajul agresiv sau dominator, respecta spatiulpersonal al celuilalt, inlatura bari-erele in comunicare etc.

• Armonizarea energetica. Este ne-cesar sa abordam o ata serioasa.Nu uita ca expresiile aciale au unrol deosebit (zambetul incurajeaza,

incruntarea arata starea de stres sioboseala, iar mentinerea contactu-lui vizual este un semn de increde-re si pozitivare a relatiei. Un secretal armonizarii este ritmul respira-tiei. Incearca sa respiri in acelasiritm cu partenerii de comunicare.Vei avea parte de o placuta si uria-sa surpriza.

• Controlarea gesturilor, miscari-lor, atingerilor in sensul acilitariicomunicarii. Numai o strangerede mana erma este o dovada deincredere.

• Respectarea dispozitiei sau a starii

interlocutorilor, prin adaptareanoastra permanenta la conditiilesi atmosera creata.

• onul vocii si abordarea conversa-tionala de tip inclusiv-integrativ:chiar in cazul unui dezacord. Auputere magica raze precum: ,,Itirespect opinia si adaug aptul caurmatorul aspect poate luat, deasemenea, in considerare”, ,,Esteadevarat ca... si de asemenea ca...”.

• Capabilitatea de a-i intelege si aempatiza. Conteaza cat de multsuntem capabili sa-i intelegem, nudoar sa-i analizam, sa patrundem

in cadrul lor de reerinta traindexperientele cognitive si aectiveale acesteia. E ca si cum ai per-soana respectiva, dar pastrandu-tiidentitatea.

• Respectarea condentialitatii.Aceasta va determina partile sa

acorde incredere medierii, moti- vandu-le sa e mai comunicativesi mai deschise.Perormanta consta in a crea un

climat bazat pe respect si incredereintre partile implicate in mediere.

Se stie oarte bine ca pentru a lu-cra ecient si cu succes in orice rma,organizatie, oamenii au nevoie de alucra impreuna si de a avea increde-re unii în ceilalti. Insa in ziua de azisunt multe persoane neincrezatoare.Acele persoane care au acordat odataincrederea partenerului de viata, co-legilor sau prietenilor si pe parcursul

vietii au ost dezamagiti, oarte greu vor mai putea avea incredere in cine- va. De aceea consider ca rolul media-torului este de a gasi oportunitati in aacilita comunicarea in directia casti-garii increderii intre partile implicatein mediere. Prin mediere se poaterecapata iîncrederea pierduta partialsau in totalitate intre parti, acesteaind ajutate sa-si construiasca si sa-si consolideze relatia aectata. Numaiasa partile vor cauta impreuna solutiicare sa-i uneasca si care sa duca lacontinuarea relatiilor avute (de cola-borare, prietenie si casatorie).

Medierea se bazeaza pe incredereape care partile o acorda mediatorului,ca persoana competenta apta sa aci-liteze negocierile dintre ele, sa le ajutein solutionarea conictului prin obti-nerea de solutii reciproc avantajoasesi durabile. El nu va putea ajuta lasolutionarea conictului decat dacaa descoperit sursa conictului. Acest

lucru este posibil numai daca medi-atorul reuseste sa castige incredereapartilor. Practic oamenii nu-ti voracorda increderea pana nu vei dove-di ca iti pasa de problemele lor si caai competenta necesara si legala pen-tru rezolvarea lor. De aceea pentruconstruirea increderii este necesar camediatorul sa lucreze permanent dela inormarea partilor pana la nali-zarea procedurii de mediere. Candreusim sa avem incredere in noi simai mult putem extinde aceasta in-credere si la ceilalti primind incre-dere in schimb putem spune ca vom

avea o relatie si un dialog bazat peincredere si numai atunci vom puteadezbate un conict intr-o manieraconstructiva si perormanta. De ace-ea este de preerat sa nu uitam sa in-cepem ecare zi cu incredere in noi siin posibilitatile noastre de a ace atasolicitarilor vietii, mobilizati de ceeace a spus Vasile Alecsandri:

„ ”. ■

Gheorghe Nstase M C.M. Bză




E d i t o r i a l

10

INtEgrArEA tEHNICILOr NLP ÎN MEDIErE

Daca schimburile comunicati-onale sunt o realitate inerentaoricarei proceduri de mediere

a conictelor, apare problema mo-dului in care o acem. Intamplator?In nici un caz. Constientizarea aces-tei realitati naste pentru mediatorun nou tip de preocupare, aceea dea comunica cat mai ecient. Dacane optimizam abilitatile de a comu-nica, de apt ne largim posibilitatilede a-i inuenta pe ceilalti, acest lu-cru poate considerat manipulare,care intotdeauna are conotatii ne-gative. Daca a nu inuenta nu esteposibil, atunci dilema etica ce poaterezulta din aceasta situatie are o sin-gura solutie: acceptam acest apt sine dezvoltam abilitatile de a o ace,dar numai cu integritate, intr-omaniera responsabila si respectandmodelul despre lume al partilorprezente la mediere.

Viziunea asupra comunicariiinterpersonale are o importantadeosebita, ea regasindu-se practicin calitate de componenta a orica-rei aplicatii din NLP. Programareaneuro-lingvistica (NLP), tehnicadescoperita in Caliornia (1976)de catre lingvistul John Grinder side matematicianul programatorRichard Bandler, este o metoda deecientizare a comunicarii cu cei

din jurul nostru si de modicare acomportamentului uman, ale careiprincipii se bazeaza pe cunostintedin domeniile programarii, psiho-logiei, teoriei inormatiei si teorieicomunicarii, avand la baza moda-litati sau submodalitati senzoriale,care nu sunt altceva decat sistemebazate pe reprezentari.

NLP-ul se ondeaza pe urmatoa-rea ipoteza: ecare comportamentpoate schimbat ori invatat. Obiec-tivul NLP-ului este acela de a repro-grama creierul, adaugandu-i noi po-tentialuri, toata tehnica gasindu-si

sprijin pe capacitatea de comunica-re interumana. Programarea neuro-lingvistica permite deci, corectareacomportamentelor nedorite, indun instrument ecient in realizareaunei personalitati integrate, autore-alizate, structurate. Astel, NLP-ulse prezinta ca o autentica modalita-te de olosire a creierului, ajutand cuprecadere la dezvoltarea personalasi la invatarea modurilor de rezol-

vare a conictelor.Prin NLP, viziunea asupra co-

municarii primeste o cu totul altaconotatie, este dierita de cea sim-

plista adoptata adesea de multi din-tre noi, prin care comunicarea esteconsiderata ca un simplu schimb demesaje verbale. In realitate, comu-nicarea este un proces extrem decomplex si dinamic, desasurat peplanuri si canale multiple, la care

protagonistii participa cu totalita-tea intelor lor.

Atunci cand decodicam mesajulcuiva, o acem prin ltrele active inacel moment, raspunsul la mesajulinterlocutorului ind determinat deraspunsul intern pe care decodica-rea mesajului ni l-a prilejuit si careeste de asemenea dependent de l-trele olosite. In apt, nu raspundemmesajului partenerului, ci proprieiimagini interne despre acesta, adicaceea ce am inteles. Acelasi lucru seintampla si cu partenerul de comu-nicare. Raspunsul sau mesajul oeritpartenerului depinde la randul luide ltrele constituite de capacitatilenoastre expresive si nu intotdeaunacoincide cu intentia pe care am avut-o. Probabil orice om dispune de ex-perienta de a nu ost inteles, de anu exprimat ceea ce intentiona, dea obtine de la celalalt reactii sau ra-spunsuri care l-au contrariat. Astel,sensul comunicarii este raspunsulpe care-l primesc de la celalalt.

Aceasta viziune are o serie deconsecinte demne de luat in seamapentru mediator. De exemplu, me-diatorul ar putea sa se considereresponsabil de reactiile pe care leproduce partilor, mai degraba decatneinteles sau decat sa le catalogheze.Ar putea lucra asupra capacitatilor

sale de exprimare si ar putea con-stientiza unde da gres si ce ar puteaschimba ca sa nu mai repete situatia.

Ceea ce aduce in prim planaceasta armatie este necesitatea dea considera reactiile primite de laparti. Ceea ce conteaza cu adevaratin comunicare este nu intentia mea,ci ceea ce intelege partenerul de dia-log din ceea ce spun eu. Altel, apareenomenul comunicarii paralele,distorsionate si posibile tensiuni peplanul relatiei. In toate situatiile incare lucram cu oamenii se impunecu necesitate a considera acest eed-

back, altel ecienta noastră ca simediatori ai conictului va multdiminuata. Este practic imposibila ecient intr-o relatie de comu-nicare, indierent de contextul incare se desasoara aceasta, in lipsaconsiderarii si utilizarii ca inorma-tie de autoreglaj a eedback-urilorpartenerului de comunicare. Un altelement util de precizat este acela caeedback-urile relevante nu ne par-

vin intotdeauna prin intermediulcomunicarii verbale, cel mai adeseaavand caracter indirect, implicit sislab constientizat. Din acest motiv

va necesar sa invatam si sa ne an-trenam unele abilittai specice, cumar cele de calibrare sau pacing.

Conceptele de pacing si leadingsunt undamentale pentru orice in-terventie de tip NLP. In orice relatiede comunicare este vitala existen-

NLP tECHNIQUEsINtEgrAtION IN MEDIAtION

I communication exchanges rep-resent an inherent reality in any mediation o conicts, we must

reect on the manner o achievingit. Incidentally? Never. Being awareo this reality causes the mediatoranother concern, the one o com-municating more efectively. I weoptimize our communication abili-ties, we actually expand our oppor-tunities to inuence others and thiscan be considered manipulation,which always has negative connota-tions. But i not inuencing is notpossible, then the ethical dilemmathat may arise rom this situationhas only one solution: we acceptthis act and we develop our skillsin this direction, but only with in-tegrity, in a responsible manner andrespecting the world model o theparties who are involved in the me-diation process.

Being ound in almost any appli-cation as a component o NLP, the

vision o interpersonal communi-cation is extremely important. Neu-ro-Linguistic Programming (NLP),a technique that was discovered inCaliornia (1976) by linguist, JohnGrinder and programmer-mathe-matician, Richard Bandler is an e-ective method o communicatingwith those around us and o chang-

ing the human behavior, whoseprinciples are based on knowledgeo programming, psychology, in-ormation theory and communica-tion theory, based on sensory mo-dalities or submodalities which arenothing more than representationsystems.

NLP is based on the ollow-ing hypothesis: each behavior canbe changed or learned. Te aimo NLP is to reprogram the brainby adding it new potentials, thistechnique relying on interpersonalcommunication skills. Neuro-

linguistic programming allowsus, thereore, to correct unwantedbehavior, representing an efectivetool in achieving an integrated, sel-achieved, well-structured personal-ity. Tus, NLP is presented as an au-thentic manner o using the brain,especially supporting personaldevelopment and learning ways tosolve conicts.

Te NLP vision on communi-cation reveals a totally diferentconnotation, diferent rom thesimplistic one, oen adopted by many o us, thus communication

is regarded as a mere exchange o verbal messages. In act, commu-nication is an extremely complexand dynamic process, carried onmultiple plans and channels, whereall the protagonists are completely involved.

When we decode the message tosomeone, we do it through the ac-tive lters at that time, the responseto the listener’s message being de-termined by our inner response inwhich we decode the message, inthat moment, this being also de-pendent on the lters that we use.In act, we don’t answer to our part-ner’s message, but to our internalimages about it, that is what we un-derstand. Te same thing happenswith the communication partner.Te way the response or messageturns back to our partners dependson our ability to set our lters in anexpressive manner and this may notalways coincide with our intention.Probably, everyone has experiencedthe situation o not being under-stood, o not expressing what oneintended to, o receiving reactionsor responses that have intriguedhim/her. Tus, communication isthe answer I receive rom the other.

Tis vision has several relevantconsequences or the mediator. Forexample, the mediator could beheld responsible or the reactionsproduced to the parties, rather thanmerely understand or categorizethem. Te mediator should work on his/her speaking skills and he/she should be aware o his/her ail-

ures and he/she should nd the ad-equate ways o solving these issues.Tis statement emphasizes the

need to consider the eedback re-ceived rom the parties. What re-ally matters in communication isnot my intention, but that the dia-logue partner understands what Isay. Otherwise, the phenomenon o parallel communication may occur,together with distorted and possi-ble tensions at the relationship level.In all cases in which we work withpeople, it is absolutely necessary toconsider this eedback, otherwise

our efectiveness as conicts media-tors will be much diminished. It isimpossible to be efective in a com-munication relationship, regardlesso the context in which it takes place,in the absence o consideration anduse as a sel-regulating inormationeedback communication partnersites. Another important eatureis that the eedback we receive isnot always relevant through verbalcommunication, most oen thisbeing indirect, implicit and poorly accomplished. For this reason, weneed to learn and improve some

specic skills, such as calibrationor pacing.Pacing and leading concepts are

undamental to any type o NLPintervention. In any communica-tion, the existence o a relationshipis vital, a relationship o empathic




E d i t or i al

11

ta unei legaturi, a unui raport derezonanta empatica intre cei doiparteneri, ca baza a unui climat deincredere reciproca in care celalaltss se poata simti si maniesta liber.Putem spune ca stabilirea acestuiraport, a acestei conexiuni repre-zinta punctul de plecare al oricareicomunicari autentice, singurul po-sibil. Existetţa acestui tip de legatu-ra intre doua persoane sau într-ungrup ace comunicarea sa se desa-soare cursiv, parca de la sine. Ur-marind situatiile spontane in careapare, se poate constata ca partene-rii rezoneaza, se armonizeaza atat lanivelul limbajului nonverbal, cat sila al celui verbal.

In mesajul verbal, cuvintele con-tribuie numai in proportie de 7% lacrearea acestei legaturi. La el, prinlipsa de rezonanta la nivel verbalputem distruge acest raport numaiîn proportie de 7%. O importantamult mai mare o au insa, limbajulcorporal si calitatea vocii. Cand doioameni se aa in raport de rezonan-ta ei au tendinta de a se oglindi side a se reecta reciproc in postura,gesturi, mimica, contact vizual sitonalitatea vocii, ca intr-un dansin care ecare partener raspundela miscarile celuilalt prin propriilemiscari. Limbajele lor corporalesunt complementare in aceasta situ-atie. Cu cat raportul este mai strans,mai pround, cu atat această tendin-ta de oglindire, reectare si raspunseste mai puternica. Raportul empa-

tic poate obtinut in situatiile cla-re prin constientizarea, nisarea siutilizarea abilitatilor de acest tip pecare le olosim in mod natural si curespect. Aceasta va duce la constru-irea unei punti intre noi si modelulsau despre lume. Preluarea si reec-tarea nu inseamna mima, ci armoni-zare. Exista cateva situatii tipice caretrebuie evitate in relatiile pe care lestabilim. In primul rand, aceea candpartenerul poate sesiza ca este imi-tat. De obicei va interpreta aceastaconduita ca pe o oensa si va reactio-na intr-un el sau altul. Atunci cand

conduita nonverbala a parteneruluinu poate oglindita ara ca acestasa sesizeze, este recomandata oglin-direa olosind o alta parte a corpu-lui, olosind tehnica oglindirii saureectarii incrucisate. Acelasi lucrueste valabil si in alte doua situatiitipice: atunci cand conduita nonver-bala a partenerului este oarte ampla,exagerata sau agresiva sau atuncicand practicarea acestei reectarine-ar ace sa ne simtim inconorta-bil. Aceste doua demersuri poartaîn NLP numele de pacing şi leading.Pacingul reprezinta construirea unei

punti intre mine si lumea partene-rului meu si este bazat pe rezonantasi respect, iar leadingul modicareapropriului comportament astel in-cat interlocutorul sa urmeze acestemodicari. Pentru a putea ghida pecineva ss treaca peste un pod trebuie

sa-l construim mai intai.NLP-ul propune un model de

mediere a negocierilor interper-sonale prin care partile aate înconict sau disputa pot ajutate saajunga la un rezultat comun accep-tat. Pasii urmati intr-o mediere desucces sunt urmatorii:

• este specicata situatia siobiectul medierii intre ceidoi parteneri (natura con-ictului sau a disputei);

• sunt precizate rezultatele vizate (asteptate) de catreecare in parte;

• cele doua parti sunt ghida-te catre gasirea unui scopsau rezultat comun, cu careambele parti sunt de acordpentru aceasta este nece-sara de obicei redenireascopurilor si plasarea aces-tora la un nivel mai inalt degeneralitate;

• este utilizata apoi incheie-rea conditionata a negocie-rii (acordul conditionat);

• mediatorul se centreaza asu-pra obiectiilor partenerilor, in

vederea solutionarii acestora.Daca exista obiectii ecare par-

tener al negocierii este intrebat ceobtine prin respectiva obiectie sauce se va intampla daca nu reusesc saajunga la un acord, care sunt conse-cintele lipsei acestui acord. Aceastasolutie va utilizata numai dacapartile nu coopereaza in negociere.

Acest model oera mediatorului

unele sugestii cu privire la cerintelece trebuie satisacute inca de la înce-putul negocierii pentru ca aceasta sapoata nalizata cu succes, printr-osolutie de tip invingator - invingator.Presupunem ca ne aam intr-o situ-atie de negociere intre doua persoa-ne (A si B), in care A ace o propu-nere lui B iar acesta ridica o obiectiela propunerea lui A. A la randul sau

va reormula obiectia lui B, conditiede baza pentru realizarea acorduluiconditionat. Realizarea acorduluiconditionat presupune acceptareapropunerii lui A de catre B, cu con-

ditia satisacerii obiectiei ridicate deB. Satisacerea acestor obiectii estecel mai adesea conditionata de re-ormularea lor astel incat sa devinaacceptabile pentru ambele parti. Inacest mod obiectiile ridicate de catreparteneri sunt olosite in avoareanegocierii si a atingerii unui acord.Mediatorul trebuie sa tina cont detoate obiectiile ridicate de catreparteneri. Daca unul dintre acestiareuza acordul, probabil exista incaunele obiectii nemarturisite.

O alta tehnica utila si importantapentru lucrul asupra submodali-

tatilor este cea a ecranului mental,prin care se solicita clientului sa vizualizeze un ecran interior, re-prezentarile sale ind proiectate peacest ecran. Ideea de ecran impli-ca doua considerente importante:disocierea de situatie si ideea de

resonance between the two part-ners as basis o the mutual con-dence which the other can eel reeto maniest. We can say that estab-lishing this report, this connectionrepresents the starting point o any genuine communication, the only possible one. Te existence o thisrelationship between two people ora group in which communication iscarried out smoothly, as i by itsel.Analyzing the spontaneous situa-tions in which this arises, we cannotice that partners resonate, har-monizing both nonverbal language,as well as the verbal one.

In his report, the words contrib-ute only 7% to create this connec-tion. Likewise, lack o resonanceat the verbal level, can destroy thisreport only 7%. However, body lan-guage and voice quality are a muchgreater important. When two peo-ple are in a resonance report, they tend to mirror and reect each oth-er in posture, gestures, pantomime,eye contact and tone o voice, likea dance in which each partner re-sponds to each other through theirown movements. Teir body lan-guages are complementary in thissituation. As the report is moreclosely, more deeply, the strongerare the trend mirroring, reec-tion and response. Te emphaticalreport in clear statements can beachieved through awareness, dress-ing and using such skills, that weuse naturally and with respect. Tis

will build a bridge between us andhis/her model o the world. Under-taking and reecting do not meanmime, but harmonization. Tereare some typical situations to beavoided in the relationships weestablish. First, the situation whenthe partner understands he/she isimitated. Usually, he/she interpretsthis behavior as an insult and willreact in one way or another. Whenthe partner’s nonverbal behaviorcan not be reected without him/her noticing, using a mirror, it isrecommended to mirror another

part o the body, using the tech-nique o cross mirroring reection.Te same is valid in two typicalsituations: when the partner’s non-

verbal behavior is very broad, ex-aggerated or aggressive, or, whenpracticing this coverage wouldmake us eel uncomortable. Tesetwo approaches are known as pac-ing and leading in NLP. Pacingbuilds a bridge between me and my partner’s world and it is based onresonance and respect, and leadingchanges their behavior so that theother person ollows these changes.

In order to be able to guide some-one to pass over a bridge, we mustbuild it rst.

NLP provides a model o inter-personal negotiation, by means o which, the parties involved in theconict or dispute can be support-

ed in reaching a mutually acceptedresult. For a successul mediation,take into account the ollowingsteps:

• the situation and the subject o mediation betweenthe two partners are speci-ed (nature o the conictor dispute);

• the expected results by eachparty are presented;

• both parties are guided tond a common purpose orresult, that is consented by both parties - or it is usu-ally necessary to redenethe purposes and to placethem at a higher level o generality

• then the conditional con-clusion o negotiations isused (conditional approval)

• the mediator ocuses onpartners objections in orderto solve them.

I there are objections, each o the negotiating partners is askedthe aim o hi/her complaint or whatwill happen i they ail to reach anagreement and expressing the con-sequences o not reaching an agree-ment. Tis solution will be usedonly i the parties do not cooperatein the negotiation.

Tis model ofers some sugges-tions or the mediator concerningthe requirements that must be metearly in the negotiation so that itcan be successully completed, by

means o a win-win solution. Let’ssuppose that we are in a situationo negotiation between two peo-ple (A and B), where A proposessomething to B and B raises an ob-

jection to A’s proposal. It will alsorestate its objection to B, the basiccondition to reach the conditionedagreement. Achieving conditionedagreement implies acceptance by B o A’s proposal, provided to meetthe objection raised by B. Satisy-ing these objections is oen con-ditioned by their reormulationin order to become acceptable or

both parties. In this way, the objec-tions raised by partners are used innegotiating and reaching an agree-ment. Te mediator must take intoaccount all the objections raised by the partners. I one o them reusesto consent, there are, probably, stillcertain objections that were not re-

vealed.Another useul and important

technique to work with submo-dalities is the mental screen, whichrequires the customer to view ascreen, on which his representa-tions are projected. Te screen idea

involves two important aspects:dissociation o the situation andthe idea o controlling it. Te ideao working on representations, con-trolling a screen image that runs intheir minds includes the possibility to control representations, experi-




M a g i s t r a ţ i i d e s p r e m e d i e r e

12

control asupra acesteia. Ideea de alucra asupra reprezentarilor, con-troland o imagine care se deruleazape ecranul interior al propriei mintiinclude ideea posibilitatii de a con-trola reprezentarile, experientele sistarile emotionale.

Oricare ar tehnicile NLP apli-cate, acestea sunt neutre din punctde vedere valoric si raspund unor

criterii ecologice, felul in care sunt

folosite ind strict determinat deabilitatile si intentiile mediatoruluiconictului. De altfel, numai indextrem de responsabili, constienti,numai dispunand de serioase abili-tati de comunicare si de inuentarea celorlalti putem realiza accep-

tarea neconditionata a partilor, cuvalorile lor, ltrele lor, viata lor. ■

Laura Bota

ences and emotional states.Whatever NLP techniques we

apply, these are neutral in termsof value and respond to ecologicalcriteria, how they are used beingstrictly determined by the media-tor’s own abilities and intentions.In fact, only by being extremelyresponsible, aware, only by featur -ing serious communication skills

and by inuencing the others, we

can achieve full acceptance by the parties, considering their values,their lters, their lives. ■

Laura Bota

INtErVIUDal ealza de Anca Simona

Cinepa, M, P U N M R – F G, cdamna Jdeca Diana Mihaela Oancea, P J G.

D P, -

G, -, , j - -

j-, . - j .

-

— Medierea nu este doar o oportu-nitate de impacare a oamenilor si orezolvare a problemelor instantei, ci

„medierea” este chiar un mod de viata.In ecare zi realizam o medie

intre dorintele noastre si posibilita-tile pe care le avem; in ecare zi o

voce interioara ne spune „vreau” sialta ne spune „pot”. Ne dorim zi dezi mai mult si incercam sa cautamposibilitatile de realizare a dorinte-lor noastre. Daca insa nu pastram

un just echilibru între „a vrea „ sia „putea” se ajunge la conict. Aiciîncepe medierea.

Daca nu putem sa ne gasim noi oordine interioa intre cele doua ver-be mai sus aratate, o vor ace oame-nii din jurul nostru, situatiile create,iar in cele din urm in plan zic jus-titia – e cea a oamenilor (SistemulJudiciar), e cea a divinitatii.

Astel, am inteles nevoia de medi-ere ca pe gasirea unui echilibru inte-rior si exterior, atat pentru mine caom, cat si pentru mine ca „judecator”.O Judecata dreapta este buna pentru

oamenii care au nevoie de Justitie,dar inainte de a pleca catre Palatulde Justitie ecare trebuie sa inceapacu primul pas: - o împacare cu sine.

Daca nu reuseste singur, il vorajuta prietenii si rudele, apoi bise-rica, medicul psiholog.

Neimpacarea cu sine creeaza oincoerenta in comunicare, in rela-tionarea cu semenii. Medierea estemenita sa restabileasca aceasta co-municare, chiar daca nu realizeazao impacare pe deplina a omului cuel insusi.

Cu cat oamenii vor abando-na conictul, cu atat ei vor maiechilibrati, mai armoniosi si maisanatosi. Rezolvarea conictelorprin intermediul medierii are atatun avantaj personal –rezolvareaproblemei, alocarea timpului des-tinat conictului pentru realizareaaltor nevoi, cheltuieli banesti maimici, dar si un dublu avantaj pentrusocietate in ansamblu deoarece vacheltui mai putin statul cu „Siste-mul Judiciar” si chiar cu „Sistemulde Sanatate si Protectia sociala”.

Intelegand aceste nevoi indi- viduale si colective nu puteam saraman indierenta, sens in care s-amaniestat si deschiderea mea catreprocedura medierii, astel cum estereglementata de Legea 192/2006.

— ,

, .C - G

— Relatia intre mine ca Prese-dinte al instantei si reprezentatii

INtErVIEw Dale made by Anca Simona

Cinepa, M, C N U M R – G B wh jde Diana Mihaela Oancea, P G C.

M P, k k - G ’

, G- , . Y . W

‘Mediation is not only an op-portunity to conciliate people andsolve the court’s problems, but me-diation itsel is a lie style.

Everyday we make a mediationbetween our wishes and the possi-

bilities we hold; everyday, an inner voice tells us “I want” and another“I can.” Everyday we want more and

more and we try to nd the pos-sibilities to accomplish our wishes.However, i we do not maintain aair balance between “want” and

“can,” we reach a conict. Here is thestart o mediation.

I we cannot nd an inner or-

der between the two verbs, othersaround us will do it, and eventually

justice – either people’s justice (the judiciary system) or the divinity’s justice.

Tereore, I understood the needor mediation as a balance betweeninterior and exterior, both or meas a person and a “judge.” A air

judgment is good or the peoplethat need justice, but beore head-ing to the Palace o Justice each o us needs to start with the rst step:making peace with onesel.

I the person does not suc-ceed alone, he/she will be helpedby riends and relatives, then by church, psychologist.

Not making peace with yoursel creates a communication incoher-ence with the other people. Me-

diation’s purpose is to restore thiscommunication, even i it does notdetermine a ull peace o the manwith himsel.

Te more people abandonconict, the more balanced, har-monious and healthier they willbe. Conict resolution throughmediation has both a personaladvantage – solving the problem,use o time involved by the con-ict or other purposes, smallerexpenses, but also a double ad-

vantage or society as a whole,as the state will spend less with

the judiciary and even with thehealth and social protection sys-tem.

As I understood these individu-al and collective needs, I could notremain indiferent, consequently my openness or the mediationprocedure, as it is regulated by theLaw 192/2006.

‘Y G -

. H - -

G ‘Te relationship between me,

as a court president and the rep-resentatives o mediators is a very good one, but there is always roomor improvement. Only ew V




M a gi s t r a ţ i i d e s pr em e d i er e

13

mediatorilor este una oarte buna,dar intotdeauna este loc si de maibine. Cu doar cateva emisiuni tele-

vizate nu este sucient ca oameniisa constientizeze pe deplin eectelebenece ale medierii. Noi am ince-put sa ne acem auziti, dar pentrua deveni medierea un stil de viata,mai trebuie muncit mult.

Nevoia medierii trebuie sa o pro-movam cat mai mult, dar nu trebuiesa trecem in partea cealalta. Medi-erea nu trebuie sa e impusa tot-deauna prin eectul legii, deoareceputem ajunge doar la o ormalitate amedierii, cum s-a intamplat cu alteproceduri (concilierea prealabila).Ea trebuie asimilata de oameni, cao constientizare a propriilor posibi-litati de realizare a dorintelor.

— , , . C -

— Magistratii, lovindu-se zi dezi de nemultumirile oamenilor siind cateodată in imposibilitate dea pronunta o hotarare care sa mul-tumeasca ambele parti, au inteles camedierea este un mijloc de impacare.Impacarea aduce un avantaj imediatprin aptul ca un litigiu dedus jude-catii se poate incheia cu o hotararede expedient, dar aduce si un avantajde lunga durata, deoarece persoane-le in conict, odata impacate, nu vormai crea alte litigii ulterior nsscute

din aceeasi nemultumire.— - P,

— Institutia medierii este abiala inceput chiar daca avem o legein acest sens de peste 5 ani (Legea192/2006). Medierea se realizeazain prezent in cauze marunte si pu-tine in litigii de o mai mare greutate.Medierea era o orma de diploma-tie la nivel inalta, dar din pacatein ultimii ani si acolo se impune

realizarea unei medierii. Astel ca,medierea este necesara nu numaipentru a ajuta sistemul judiciar, cisi pentru a realiza o interconectarea celor trei puteri in Stat, care demulte ori nu gasesc punti comunede comunicare.

Statul suera in prezent de lipsade comunicare intre institutiile sale,suerinta care se transmite cetateni-lor sai. Astel, ecare om se consi-dera important, dar toti inteleg caunii ara altii nu putem realiza osocietate buna. Fiecare culoare esterumoasa, dar o culoare singura nu

poate egala rumusetea curcubeu-lui dupa ploaie.De aceea cred ca este nevoie, asa

cum am aratat mai inainte, ca me-dierea sa se extinda la toate nivelesocietatii, ea aandu-se in prezentdoar la inceput.

— J G -. -

— Intr-adevar in ultimul an dezile s-au inregistrat numeroasecauze solutionate prin acord demediere. Este un inceput bun. Dar,el poate continua si sa se extinda.Mediatorii se vor perectiona si

vor realiza o orma mai juridica aacordului de mediere. Cateodată inlipsa partilor instanta nu poate luaact de acordul de mediere, deoarecetrebuie sa realizeze o orma juridicaa hotararii, care implica unele com-pletari din partea partilor sau chiarrenuntari.

Pe plan intern, s-a incercat acor-darea unui termen mai scurt pentrucauzele in care se realizeaza o medi-ere, astel noi judecatorii am incu-raja partile sa recurga la mediere. Inmulte situatii am trimis direct jus-titiabilii la mediere, astel cum estestabilit si in Legea 192/2006.

— , -

j

— Eu ii încurajez pe toti sa reali-zeze cat mai multe medieri si sa in-teleaga ca rolul ales de mediator nueste unul simplu, ci are o raspunde-

re oarte mare in spate. Orice me-diere reusita este un succes pentrutoti cei implicati in actul medierii,dar sa nu se sperie cand nu reusescsa aca acest lucru. La ecare me-diere se realizeaza nu numai o maibuna comunicare intre cei mediati,ci cu ecare caz nou, mediatorulrealizeaza o punere in echilibru apropriilor lui nevoi de viata si deevolutie spirituala.

Mediatorii sunt o calauza pentru justitiabili. Acestia din urma trebu-ie sa apeleze la mediatori indierentde persoana mediatorului. Media-

torul poate ajuta justitiabilii sa ga-sească o cale de comunicare intreei (parti in conict), tot astel cumpreotul ne ajuta sa gasim o comu-nicare intre noi si divinitate, indie-rent de persoana preotului.

Inchei aceste cateva ganduri debine adresate mediatorilor si jus-titiabililor nu inainte de a le adu-ce aminte cateva versuri dintr-unpoem liric norvegian:

„…Invaa de la ae,nvaa de la ,

S ma ales

nvaa cand ve ceva sa p…..” — - P, -

-, ! ■

shows are not sucient or peopleto become aware o the benetsbrought by mediation. We startedmaking our voice heard, but in or-der or mediation to become a liestyle, we still have a lot o work todo. We should promote the needo mediation as hard as possibleyet without crossing the other line.Mediation must not always be im-posed through law, because wemight reach only a ormality o me-diation, as it happened with otherprocedures (initial conciliation). Itneeds to be assimilated by people,as awareness o own possibilities toulll wishes.

‘, - . W -

‘As magistrates have to ace thepeople’s dissatisaction everyday,and sometimes nd themselvesincapable o ruling a decision tosatisy both parties, they come tounderstand that mediation is amean to making peace. It bringsan immediate advantage, namely a litigation taken to court can endin an expedient decision, but italso brings a long-term advantage,because the people involved in theconict, once they came to peace,will no longer create subsequentconicts deriving rom the samedissatisaction.

‘H ’

‘Institution o mediation is still inthe beginning stage, even thoughwe have a law in the eld or over5 years (the Law 192/2006). Me-diation is perormed today in smallclaims and only ew bigger claims.Mediation used to be a orm o high diplomacy, but unortunately diplomacy itsel needed mediationin the past ew years. Tus, media-

tion is necessary not only or thehelp o the judiciary system, butalso to accomplish an inter-con-nection between the three powerso the State, since many time they ail to reach a mutual communica-tion portal.

Te state is presently suferingrom the lack o communicationbetween its institutions, a sufer-ance that is passed on to its citizens.Each person considers him/hersel important, but not everybody un-derstands that only together can weachieve a better society. Each color

is beautiul, but a color alone can-not equal the rainbow beauty aera rainall.

For that reason, as I showedabove, I think that mediationshould extend to all levels o society,presently being only in the begin-

ning phase.

‘G C - . H C’ ’

‘Indeed, numerous cases weresolved through mediation settle-ments over the past ew year. It isa good start. And it can continueand expand. Mediators will im-prove themselves and create a more

juridical orm o the mediation set-tlement. Sometimes, in the absenceo parties, the court cannot take no-tice on the mediation settlement, asthey need to make a juridical ormo the decision, which involvessome additions rom parties oreven renunciations.

Internally, judges tried to granta shorter term or the cases wheremediation takes place, so that wecould encourage parties to turnto mediation. In many situations,we sent the litigants directly tomediation, as it is ruled by Law 192/2006.

‘ , k G ’

‘I encourage all to perorm asmany mediations as possible and tounderstand that the role assumedby the mediator is not a simple

one, the mediator holding a greatresponsibility. Any successul me-diation is a success or everyoneinvolved in the mediation act, yetthey should not be scared whenthey ail to ulll it. Each mediationentails not only a better communi-cation between the people medi-ated, but with each case, it balanceshis/her own lie needs and spiritualevolution.

Mediators are guidance to liti-gants. Te latter must turn to me-diators no matter the person o themediator. Te mediator can help

the litigants to nd a communica-tion path between them (parties inconict), just as the priest helps usnd communication between usand divinity, no matter the persono the priest.

I won’t close these ew goodthoughts addressed to mediatorsand litigants beore remindingthem ew lines rom a Norwegianlyric poem:

“Lean m eveyhn,lean m eveybdy And especally lean

when y wan be able …” M P, k

-, ! ■




M a g i s t r a ţ i i d e s p r e m e d i e r e

14

DE LA trIBUrILE LOCALE sI CON-sILIILE BAtrANILOr LA sAtELE

gLOBALE sI jUDECAtOrII PrIMI- tIVI: EVItArEA BABILONULUI

PArtEA A 2 A

… justitia nu este legea. Justitiaeste ceea ce ne da impulsul, ortasau miscarea de a imbunatati legea

…1

II. POstMODErNIsMSocietatea s-a schimbat in cursul

secolului 20 in moduri care au de-monstrat ca universalismul este oiluzie; simplicitatea – pra in ochi,permanenta – o utopie2. Pana lamijlocul secolului 20, iluzia socialaa sigurantei, simplicitatii, claritatiisi ordinii disparuse si pentru teo-reticienii de drept. Statul Nationaldevenise prea mare pentru proble-mele marunte ale vietii si prea micpentru problemele mondiale incurs de aparitie. Complexitatea lorcerea exibilitate si capacitate deconectare. In schimb, acele calitaticereau dezagregare a sctructurilorosicate.

: -, conceptele cheie sunt cele dedeconstructie, de-structurare, rag-mentare. Postmodernismul neagaposibilitatea unui discurs obiectiv;

modernistul, dovada pozitivista aunui adevar x, este pus la indoiala.Contrar modernismului, care ad-opta reguli complete si gata pentruo utilizare mecanica, postmoder-nismul destabilizeaza absolutizarea,abilitatea de a atinge adevarul nal3.Nu exista niciun scop nal, nici unadevar x; exista un numar innitde adevaruri. Dierentele dintrediverse maniestari ale vietii soci-ale sunt incetosate; limitele devinuide.

Identitati care inainte erau con-siderate deparate si distincte (de

exemplu legea si cultura) se dove-desc a legate inextricabil. Fiecareeste deja inextricabil cealalta – inmoduri care nu pot separate prinnicio denitie, specicatie, preve-dere sau teorie4.

Entitatile sociale isi elibereaza

1 Deconstruction in a nutshell: a con- versation with Jacques Derrida edited by John D. Caputo, page 125

2 André-Jean Arnaud, Du jeu ni au jeuouvert: vers un droit post-moderne, dans:«Le jeu: un paradigme pour le droit», sousla direction de Français Ost et Michel vanKerchove

3 Françoise Michaud, Deconstructionand Legal Teory in “Consequences o Mo-dernity in Contemporary Legal Teory” edi-ted by Eugene E. Dais, Roberta Kevelson,ans Jan M. Van Dunné (Dunker & Humblot,Berlin, 1998) , at page 185

4 Pierre Schlag, Te dediferentiationproblem Cont Philos Rev (2009) 42:35–62,at page 37

identitatile ontologice. A mentinedierentele ar “identic cu a tra-sa niste linii cu un bat intr-un rauHeraclitean.”5 Acest enomen a ostdenumit “de-dierentiere” iar rezul-tatul sau este recunoasterea supre-ma a ceea ce reprezenta aversiuneapozitivismului clasic: pluralitate,subiectivitate, de-dierentierea le-gii si a moralei, eticii etc – aparitiiculturale care sunt stabilite acumca ind “intr-o relatie constitutiva”6,

“intr-o determinare reciproca”7:Postmodernitatea suera un

proces de de-dierentiere (...) lim-bajul... obiectivitatii, universalitatiisi al adevarului trece intr-o culturaorganizata in jurul...pluralitatii cu-nostintelor si a punctelor de vedere8.

Postmodernismul recunoas-te ragmentarea din ata noastrasi abandoneaza convingerea ca ometoda riguroasa stricta, stiinti-ca ne va ajuta sa intelegem lumea 9.In lozoe, Jean - Francois Lyotardproclamase deja moartea oricareimetazici sistematice care justicatoate realitatile si experientele.

Metoda postmoderna este her-meneutica, interpretul este un b-

cle . Bricolajul reprezinta actulde a olosi si adapta elemente exis-tente, permitand ca mijloacele sa etransormate in rezultate si invers.Bricoleurul este orientat catre scop;nu poseda instrumente specializatein relatia cu proiectele specic. Mij-loacele sale sunt mai generalizate,avand o olosire multiunctionala,in unctie de dierite situatii10. Uninginer executa sarcini si proiec-te pe baza unui set de cunostinteteoretice si practice, incercand sadepaseasca obstacolele cand aces-tea apar, in timp ce bricoleurul este

ericit sa lucreze cu materiale re-innoite, din proiecte anterioare deconstructie sau demolare in care amai ost implicat. Bricoleurul areo minte primitiva, adica in stadiulde natura. Nu urmeaza reguli ex-plicite restrictive, si nici nu oloses-te tehnici avansate pentru a crestecalitatea sau cantitatea rezultatuluisau intelectual11.

5 Idem, page 476 Idem, page 367 Idem, page 398 “Te Postmodern urn”, edited by Ste-

ven Seidman, page 14 (Introduction)9 Postmodernism and International Re-

lations, in “Postmodernism and the Soci-al Sciences”, edited by Joe Doherty, ElspethGraham & Mo Malek, at page 143

10 Claude Lévi-Strauss, “Te SavageMind”, 17-18

11 Idem

frOM LOCAL trIBEs ANDELDErs COUNCILs tO gLOBAL

VILLAgEs AND sAVAgE jUDgEs: AVOIDINg BAByLON

sECOND PArt

… justice is not the law. Justice iswhat gives us the impulse, the dri-

ve, or the movement to improve thelaw…1

II. POstMODErNIsMSociety changed during the

twentieth century in ways that hadproven that universalism is an illu-sion; simplicity - dust in the eye,permanency - a utopia2. By themiddle o the twentieth century thesocial illusion o certainty, simpli-city, clarity and order is gone or thelegal theorists as well. Te NationState became too big or the smallproblems in lie and too small orthe emerging global issues. Tecomplexity o those required exi-bility and networking capacity. Inreturn those qualities required di-saggregation o ossied structures.

: F - the key concepts are those o deconstruction, de-structure, rag-mentation. Te postmodernism de-nies the possibility o an ultimately objective discourse; the modernist,

positivist vindication o a x truthis questioned. Contrary to moder-nism, which adopts rules completeand ready or mechanical use, thepostmodernism destabilises the ab-solutization, the ability to reach theultimate truth3. Tere is no ultimategoal, no set truth; there are an in-nite number o truths. Te distinc-tions between diferent maniestati-ons o social lie are blurred; limitsbecome uid:

Identities previously throughtseparate and distinct (e.g. law andculture) turn out to be inextricably

intertwined. Each is already ine-xtricably the other – in ways thatcannot be disentangled throughany denition, specication, stipu-lation or theorization4.

Social entities loose their onto-logical identities. Preserving dis-

1 Deconstruction in a nutshell: a con- versation with Jacques Derrida edited by John D. Caputo, page 125

2 André-Jean Arnaud, Du jeu ni au jeuouvert: vers un droit post-moderne, dans:«Le jeu: un paradigme pour le droit», sousla direction de Français Ost et Michel vanKerchove

3 Françoise Michaud, Deconstructionand Legal Teory in “Consequences o Mo-dernity in Contemporary Legal Teory” edi-ted by Eugene E. Dais, Roberta Kevelson,ans Jan M. Van Dunné (Dunker & Humblot,Berlin, 1998) , at page 185

4 Pierre Schlag, Te dediferentiationproblem Cont Philos Rev (2009) 42:35–62,at page 37

tinctions would be “akin to drawinglines with a stick in a Heracliteanriver.”5 Tis phenomenon has beencalled “de-diferentiation” and theresult o it is the nal recognitiono what had been the dislike o theclassic positivism: plurality, subjec-tivity, de-diferentiation o law andmorals, ethics etc - cultural occur-rences that are now established tobe in a “mutually constitutive”6 rela-tion, in “reciprocal determination”7:

[P]ostmodernity sufers a pro-cess o dediferentiation. (…) thelanguage o the … objectivity, uni-

versality and truth passes into a cul-ture organized around the … plura-lity o knowledges and standpoints.8

Te postmodernism recognisesthe ragmentation beore us and itabandons the belie that a strict sci-entic, rigorous method will helpus understand the world9. In philo-sophy, Jean - Francois Lyotard hadalready proclaimed the death o any systematic metaphysic that claimsto account or all reality and expe-rience.

Te postmodern method is her-meneutic, the interpreter is a bri-

coleur. Bricolage is the act o usingand adapting existing elements,permitting means to be transor-med into ends and vice-versa. Tebricoleur is goal oriented; he doesnot possess specialized tools in rela-tion to specic projects. His meansare more generalized, having mul-tiunctional use in relation to dife-rent situations10. An engineer exe-cutes tasks and projects dependingon a set o theoretical and practicalknowledge, trying to transcendconstraints when those arise, whilethe bricoleur is happy to work with

renewed materials rom the past various construction and demoliti-on projects previously engaged in.Te bricoleur has a savage mind,namely a mind in state o nature.He does not ollow explicit restric-tive rules, nor does he use advancedtechniques to increase the quality or the quantity o his intellectualoutput11.

5 Idem, page 476 Idem, page 367 Idem, page 398 “Te Postmodern urn”, edited by Ste-

ven Seidman, page 14 (Introduction)9 Postmodernism and International Re-

lations, in “Postmodernism and the Soci-al Sciences”, edited by Joe Doherty, ElspethGraham & Mo Malek, at page 143

10 Claude Lévi-Strauss, “Te SavageMind”, 17-18

11 Idem




M a gi s t r a ţ i i d e s pr em e d i er e

15

structurilor esteuna dintre cele mai evidente ca-racteristici ale postmdernismului.Folosind tehnici deconstructive,metoda postmoderna renunta prin

valori binare (rationalism-empi-rism, natural-divin, adevar-als,prezenta-absenta, obiectiv-subiec-tiv etc) la constructiile logice rigide,ierarhii si intelesul etern al lucruri-lor:

“Deconstructia a conruntat ier-arhiile si dialectele atat de centralein gandirea si cultura occidentala:barbat/emeie; minte/corp, prezen-ta/absenta, scriere/vorbire. Decon-structia a demonstrat ca realitateaeste regasita printr-o gramada ne-limitata de semne ale intelesurilor,in care miscarea si jocul continuual intelesului destabilizeaza posi-bilitatea xarii intr-un nal a unuiinteles pentru orice.”12

Deconstructia “oera un mij-loc de demascare a ascunsului si aabsentelor in cadrul explicatiilorprivind relatiile sociale.”13 Decon-structia trebuie inteleasa “nu ca -ind distrugatoare, ci ca des-acerea,de-sedimentarea diverselor straturicare intervin in construirea uneistructuri in gandirea umana14:

…deconstructia olosita ca sitermen rancez inseamna nu “dis-trugere” ci “desacere” in cadrulanalizei dieritelor straturi ale uneistructuri, pentru a putea sti cum auost construite. ot ce nu e naturalare o structura, si a ost construit;

in oarecare masura, deconstructiaeste un mod de a analiza structura.Deconstructia...subliniaza istoriaconstructiei si diversele straturicare au construit aceasta construc-tie.15

Postmodernistii aprecieaza lo-zoi lingvisti, cum ar Saussure oriWittgenstein pentru criticile legatede limba si de modul in care lim-bajul este structurat. Ei cred ca in-telesul cuvintelor in propozitii estederivat de la locul lor in contextulunei retele de credinte si dorinte, sinu de la intelesul lor exact.

Derrida, Foucault si alti post-modernisti sunt teoreticieni post-structurali. Postulatiile generaleale post-structuralismului derivadin critica premizelor structura-liste. Post-structuralismul sustineca studiul structurilor este insusiconditionat cultural si de aceea e

12 Helen M. Stacy, “Postmodernism andLaw”(Ashgate Dartmouth, 2001) , at page 12

13 Nick Rengger and Mark Hofman,Postmodernism and International Relations,in “Postmodernism and the Social Sciences”,edited by Joe Doherty, Elspeth Graham &Mo Malek, at page 140

14 Françoise Michaud, Deconstructionand Legal Teory in “Consequences o Mo-dernity in Contemporary Legal Teory” edi-ted by Eugene E. Dais, Roberta Kevelsonand Jan M. Van Dunné (Dunker & Humblot,Berlin, 1998), at page page 183

15 J. Derrida, Deconstruction, A rialo-gue in Jerusalem, 1986

supus unor preconceptii nesarsitesi interpretari gresite. Pentru a in-telege un obiect (adica unul dintrenenumaratele sensuri ale unui text),e necesar sa studiezi atat obiectulin sine cat si sistemul care a pro-dus obiectul. Lumea e un text si nuexista nimic mai departe de text. Inconceptia lui Derrida, orice text epenetrat de urmele altor texte, astelincat textul singular nu este locusuldenitiv al sensului, si nici autorulnu determina sensul textului. Lo-cusul denitiv al sensului devinecultura insasi, dupa cum este xatin text. Daca textul devine obiectde studiu iar textul este un tesut altuturor celorlalte texte, atunci tex-tul devine deconstructia scrisului.Aceasta abordare a ost adoptata side teoreticienii de drept. A inspiratdeconstructia monumentelor dedrept modern, mamuti carora lelipsea exibilitatea si care erau ina-decvati pentru noile enomene:

“ a oerit o noua

teorie pentru ceea ce usese intelesin mod intuitiv. Iar conceptia des-pre text emisa de Derrida, care nu

este limitata doar la textele scrise ciintegreaza totalitatea discursurilor,si chiar se poate spune toate posibi-litatile de discurs, poate parea bineadaptata dreptului, care intotdeau-na unctioneaza cu reerire la cevaautoritar pe care-l numim “text”:poate o sursa deja scrisa, darpoate si o sursa de text (etica deexemplu)16.” ■

Gabriela Calbureanu

Continuareain numarul urmator

16 Françoise Michaud, “Deconstruc-tion and Legal Teory” in Consequenceso Modernity in Contemporary Legal Te-ory (Dunker & Humblot, Berlin, 1998) , atpage 182

o structuresis one o the most evident traits o the postmodernism. Using decon-structive techniques, the postmo-dern method dispenses with binary

values (rationalism-empiricism,natural-divine, truth-alse, presen-ce-absence, objective-subjectiveetc.), rigid logic constructions, hi-erarchies and ever-lasting meaningo things:

“Deconstruction has challengedthe hierarchies and dialectics so cen-tral to western throught and culture:man/woman; mind/body; presence/absence; speaking/writing. Decon-struction has demonstrated that rea-lity is encountered through an open-ended cluster o “signs” o meaning,in which the continuous movementand play o meaning underminesthe possibility o ever “naly” xinga meaning to anything.”12

Deconstruction “provides ameans o unmasking the hiddenand the absences in our existing

accounts and explanations o socialrelations.”13 Deconstruction needsto be understood “not as destroying

but as “un-doing”, “de-sedimen-ting” the various layers intervenedin the building o a structure in hu-man throught14:

…deconstruction used as a Fren-ch word, means not “destructing”but “undoing” while analyzingthe diferent layers o a structu-re to know how it has been built.Everything that is not natural has

12 Helen M. Stacy, “Postmodernism andLaw”(Ashgate Dartmouth, 2001), at page 12

13 Nick Rengger and Mark Hofman,Postmodernism and International Relations,in “Postmodernism and the Social Sciences”,edited by Joe Doherty, Elspeth Graham &Mo Malek, at page 140

14 Françoise Michaud, Deconstructi-on and Legal Teory in “Consequences o Modernity in Contemporary Legal Teory”edited by Eugene E. Dais, Roberta Kevelsonand Jan M. Van Dunné (Dunker & Humblot,Berlin, 1998), at page page 183

a structure, and has been built; anddeconstruction is, to some extent,a way o analyzing the structure.Deconstruction … emphasizes thehistory o the construction and thediferent layers which have builtthis construction.15

Postmodernists appreciate lin-guistic philosophers like Saussureor Wittgenstein or their critics o language and o how language isstructured. Tey believe that themeaning o words in sentences isderived rom their place in contexto a web o belies and desires, andnot rom their literal meaning.

Derrida, Foucault and otherpostmodernists are post-structuraltheorists. Te general assumptionso post-structuralism derive romcritique o structuralist premises.Specically, post-structuralismholds that the study o underlyingstructures is itsel culturally condi-tioned and thereore subject to my-riad biases and misinterpretations.o understand an object (e.g. oneo the many meanings o a text) itis necessary to study both the ob-

ject itsel, and the system whichproduced the object. Te world isa text and there is nothing beyondthe text. In Derrida’s conception,every text is penetrated with traceso other texts so neither is the singletext the ultimate locus o meaning,nor does the author determine themeaning o the text. Te ultimatelocus o meaning becomes the cul-

ture itsel as encoded in the text.I the text becomes the object o study and the text is a tissue o allother texts, then the task becomesthe deconstruction o the writing.Tis approach has been adoptedby legal theorists as well. It inspi-red the deconstruction o the mo-dern legal monuments, mammothslacking exibility and inadequate toaccount or the new occurring phe-nomena and to contain them:

“Deconstruction ofered a new theory or what had been intuiti-

vely grasped. And the conception

o text reached by Derrida, whichis not limited to written texts butintegrates all discourses and, onemight say, all possibilities o dis-course, may seem particularly welladapted to law which always unc-tions with a reerence to somethingdeem authoritative we call “a text”in this perspective: it may be analready written source but it may also be a source o text (morals, orexample)16.” ■

Gabriela Calbureanu

o be continued

15 J. Derrida, Deconstruction, A rialo-gue in Jerusalem, 1986

16 Françoise Michaud, “Deconstructi-on and Legal Teory” in Consequences o Modernity in Contemporary Legal Teory (Dunker & Humblot, Berlin, 1998), at page 182




M e d i e r e a c a o p i n i e

16

PLEDEz „PrO” MEDIErE

Imi plac provocarile. Pe cele ru-moase le accept. Cand MugurMitroi m-a întrebat daca vreau sa

scriu un articol pentru revista, n-amstat pe ganduri. Multumesc, Mugur!

O singura data am ost nevoita saapelez la justitie, cand am divortat.rebuie sa recunosc ca am ost tra-umatizata. Am avut emotii pentruca exista, ipotetic macar, riscul dea-mi pierde ata, minora la vremeaaceea; am ost rascolita de ecaredata cand trebuia sa ma prezint lao inatisare, jenata de aptul ca sa-lile de judecata erau pline ochi deoameni care nu ma cunosteau, cum,dealtel, nici eu pe ei, dar care au-zeau despre mine si viata mea atatlucruri adevarate, cat si inventate,ce trebuiau, mai apoi, sa e comba-tute cu probe. Am stat cu inima ingat, cum se spune, la pronuntareasentintei, am avut apoi mari ra-mantari pana la epuizarea terme-nului la care aceasta a devenit de-nitiva. Mi-a ost necesara, ulterior,o perioada destul de indelungata sama adun, sa-mi revin. De atunci,pe langa educatia primita acasa, dea respecta legea, am luat o data înplus hotararea de a sta departe de

judecatorie si tribunal.Acum un an, cand prietenul si co-

legul meu Viorel Mateianu (si el au-torizat acum) mi-a spus despre me-diere (recunosc ca nu stiam nimic

la vremea aceea), n-am stiut cumsa intru mai repede pe net sa gasesclegea, sa o citesc, sa ma amiliarizezcu ea. Nu mi-a trebuit mult, in cate-

va minute mi-am zis ...”ecce homo”...si am luat hotararea de a ace cur-sul, pentru a deveni mediator.

Ce poate mai rumos, mai linis-titor, mai elegant, decat ati aplanaun conict, care, poate, te macinade mai mult timp, intr-un cadru

civilizat, doar cu cealalta persoanacu care ai disputa deschisa si cumediatorul, persoana autorizata siinstruita în acest scop?

Chiar daca aceasta alternativanu se cunoaste inca la scara lar-ga, in timp, oamenii vor aa ca siîn Romania exista medierea, vorconstientiza cs este o mare sansa sio vor preera justitiei, pentru toatetipurile de conicte ce ac obiectulacestei legi. Mai e nevoie ss discu-tam de avantaje? Protejarea intimi-tatii conerita de mediere, costurilemai mici, posibilitatea de a-ti pro-grama intalnirea, de a ajunge la osolutie convenabila ambelor parti,de a stinge intr-un timp mult maiscurt conictul, sunt cateva dintreaspectele ce pledeaza „pro” aceastaalternativa.

Stiu ca exista mediatori autori-zati de cativa ani deja. Unii au a-cut medieri, sunt proesionisti, altiiinca nu, dar, cu siguranta, vor ace.Oricum, toti sunt sunt de apreciat,sunt pionierii unei noi proesii sipoarta responsabilitatea implemen-tarii cu succes a acesteia. Felicitari,dragi colegi! Noi, cei ce ne-am au-torizat mai tarziu, urmatoarele ge-neratii, daca mi se accepta aceastaormula, venim sa intarim randuri-le, sa preluam din sarcinile „inain-tasilor”, sa punem umarul la media-tizarea acestei nobile proesii ce, cu

siguranta, va avea un viitor stralucitsi in Romania.Imi place sa spun ca medierea

este o arta. O spun cu toata convin-gerea, o promovez si o recomand caatare. Iar o arama de arta e necesa-ra ecaruia.

Deci, oameni buni, alegeti me-dierea! ■

Anda Pausan Meda aza Ples

I PLEAD “PrO” fOr MEDIAtION

Ilike challenges. Te nice ones Iaccept. When Mr. Mugur Mitroiasked me i I wanted to write an

article or the magazine, I didn’tthink too much about it. Tank you,Mugur!

Only once was I orced to turn to justice, when I got divorced. I mustadmit I was traumatized. I wasnervous as there was the risk, eveni only hypothetical, o losing my daughter, a minor at that time; I wastorn apart every time I had to comebeore the judge; embarrassed withthe act that the court rooms werecrowded with people I didn’t know,people that didn’t know me either,but who listened to all those thingsabout me and my lie, true thingsbut also lies which needed to beought back with a lot o evidence.My heart was beating really hardwhen the sentence was pronounced,then I was very anxious until thesentence became denitive. Aerthat, I needed some time to recover,to get back on the right track. Sincethat moment, apart rom the educa-tion I received at home about obey-ing the law, I decided to stay away rom any court o law.

One year ago, when my riendand colleague Viorel Mateianu(who is also authorized now) toldme about mediation (I admit Iknew nothing at that time), I was

very inpatient to search the inter-net or the mediation law, to readit and become accustomed with it.It didn’t take me too long, in ew minutes I said to mysel ”ecce homo”and decided to attend the course tobecome a mediator.

What can be more beautiul,more comorting and elegant thandealing with a conict, which per-haps was eating you inside or some

time, in a civilized atmosphere, justwith the other person involved inthe conict and the mediator, theperson authorized and trained orthis purpose?

Although this alternative is notwidely known, in time people willnd out that mediation exists inRomania too, they will becomeaware o the act that it representsa great chance and will preer it to

justice, or all conicts that are theobject o this law. Do we need totalk about its advantages? Protec-tion o intimacy ofered by me-diation, lower costs, possibility toarrange the meeting, to reach asolution that is benecial or bothparties, to put an end to the conictsooner, these are just ew pros orthis alternative.

I know there are mediators au-thorized or some years now. Someo them dealt with mediations, they are proessionals, others haven’tmanaged yet, but they will surely handle them. Anyway, they allneed our appreciation, they are thepioneers o a new proession andthey bear the responsibility or itssuccessul implementation. Con-gratulations, dear colleagues! We,those who became authorized later,the next generations i I may say so,come to strengthen the orces, totake over the tasks o our predeces-

sors, to give a help in popularizingthis noble proession that will surely have a bright uture in Romania too.

I like to say that mediation is anart. I say it with all my condence, Ipromote it and recommend it. Eacho us needs a piece o art!

So, people, choose mediation! ■

Anda Puşan Ahzed meda




M e d i er e a c a o pi ni e

17

DEsPrE MEDIErE sI CONtExt Sma peen s cle,

s igur ca medierea este la in-ceput in Romania, iar Uniu-nea Europeana a considerat,

si a luat decizia, ca este mai multdecat necesar ca medierea sa ieintrodusa si institutionalizata inRomania, dupa ce a radiograiatsi diagnosticat sistemul de justitieromanesc. Sistem asupra caruianu cred ca mai este necesar sa maiac comentarii.

Dar am ales sa ma ac mediator,desi puteam sa devin avocat. Darn-am acut-o.

O buna cunostinta m-a intrebatodata “de ce nu te aci avocat? Aicunostinte destul de multe in do-meniu” si i-am raspuns: “Fiindcanu vreau. In primul rand pentruca sunt economist si in al doilearand pentru vreau sa ajung in Rai”.Si a ras, dar nu m-a contrazis.

Cum spuneam medierea e lainceput, dar cred ca va ace pasirepezi, mult mai repezi decat seasteapta unii.

Este o proesie rumoasa, dargrea. In perioada chiar de ince-put, cand abia deschisesem biroulde mediator, si aceam loby, undomn primar in urma discutieiavute cu dansul, a acut apreci-erea ca am ales o meserie grea.I-am raspuns, in gluma bineinte-

les, ca n-am avut ce ace daca pealea usoare le-au luat altii inainteamea. Am luat si eu ce a mai ramas.

Sigur ca munca noastra este depionierat, o munca in care trebuiesa schimbam mentalitatea ca nutotul este concurenta si oameniichiar pot sa hotarasca ei, ajutati,sa-si rezolve problemele intr-unmod simplu, rapid, eicient si ceeace este cel mai important, relatii-le intre oameni sa nu se distruga.Astel sunt convins ca am avea osocietate mai buna. Dar pentru aputea, ca mediator, sa-i ajuti pe

altii sa-si schimbe mentalitatea,trebuie mai intai ca mediatorulsa-si schimbe propria mentalitate.

Societatea actuala ne invata catotul este concurenta, ca totul tre-buie castigat, ca doar locul intaieste cel mai important, ca restulnu conteaza. Aceasta optica ne-aadus de apt in pragul colapsului,atat ca societate cat si ca indivizi.Nu mai stim si am uitat sa m oa-meni. Am uitat sa m atenti la celde langa noi, am uitat sa ne uitamla noi, am uitat sa ne ascultamunii pe altii. Ne auzim, dar nu ne

ascultam. Nu mai avem timp sirabdare pentru asa ceva. Viata acapatat o viteza halucinanta. Cele24 de ore ale zilei nu mai ajung. Dece toate astea? Din cauza noastra.Nu putem da vina pe nimeni. Sun-tem singurii vinovati. Si se pare ca

acum ne vine actura cea mare. Sinu avem cu ce s-o platim...

Sistemul de justitie, din pacatenu a ajutat deloc, ba din contra nua acut decat sa acutizeze proble-mele, impartind oamenii in doua: invingatori si invinsi. A rezolvatasta problemele? Nu, deloc. Doara inmultit numarul de conlicte.Ceea ce pana la urma a convenitsistemului, doar din asta traieste.Numai ca acuma sistemul nu maiace ata. Este eectul de boome-rang.

Medierea vine si le spune oa-menilor: de ce lasati pe altii sa ho-tarasca in numele vostru, nu stitica puteti sa o aceti chiar voi ? Nustiti ca voi puteti decide cea maibuna solutie in ceea ce va priveste,iindca stiti cel mai bine despre cee vorba? Si chiar puteti ace astaintr-un timp oarte scurt, in locsa stati ani de zile prin instante,rezultatul sa ie incert si sa nu vamai puteti privi in ochi dupa ace-ia. De ce credeti ca altcineva stiemai bine decat voi cum sa va re-zolvati problema, si de ce credetica trebuie sa invinga unul dintre

voi?Deocamdata luptam cu men-

talitatea de invingator, pentru cade 20 de ani ni se spune doar astasi asta nu prea mai unctioneaza.Asa ca trebuie sa vedem ce putem

schimba. In primul rand modulde abordare a conlictelor, acan-du-i pe oameni sa inteleaga camentalitatea de invingator nu-tiaduce neaparat numai victoria, cimulte alte probleme. Iar victorianu te ace neaparat mai bun, iaraceasta victorie poate distrugeiremediabil o relatie. O intelegereiti poate aduce mai multe benei-cii pe termen lung decat o victo-rie savurata o perioada scurta detimp, dar cu costuri, de multe ori,incomensurabile. Si aici nu ma re-er doar la bani.

Mediatorul, in aceste circum-stante, are un rol mult mai impor-tant decat pare la prima vedere. Inprimul rand ca prin abilitatile luirestabileste canalele de comunica-re, ajuta pe cei implicati sa-si cla-riice unele lucruri, sa se inteleagaunul pe celalalt, sa ajunga la o in-telegere si cel mai important lucrueste pastrarea relatiei, stingerea li-tigiului si eliminarea posibilitatiide a se genera noi conlicte.

Pentru ca dincolo de aptul camediatorul este o proesie, medi-erea este o arta. ■

ArtA D E A fACE IMPO sIBILUL POsIBIL.

Danciu Ioan Viorel Meda, Sa Mae

ABOUt MEDIAtION AND CONtExt Dea ends and clleaes,

surely, mediation is in thebeginning stage in Romania,and the European Union

believed, and took the decision,that it is more than necessary ormediation to the introduced andinstitutionalized in Romania, aerit has scanned and diagnosed theRomanian justice system. A sys-tem that I believe I should makeno comments about.

Yet, I chose to become a media-tor, although I could have becomea lawyer. But I haven’t.

A riend once asked me: “why don’t you want to become a law-yer? You hold plenty o knowledgein the eld,” and I answered: be-cause I don’t want to. First o all,because I am an economist andsecondly because I want to go toHeaven. And he laughed, but didnot argue it.

As I said, mediation is still inthe early phase, but I believe it willmake quick steps, quicker thansome people might expect.

It is a beautiul proession, how-ever hard. In my early time, whenI had just opened the oce as me-diator and I was lobbying, a mayorconsidered, aer some discus-sions, that I chose a dicult job. I

joked about it, saying that I had no

choice because others beore mehad taken the good ones. I only took what was le.

O course our work is a pio-neering one, where we need tochange the mentality that not eve-rything is a competition and peo-ple can truly decide by themselves,with some help, to solve their is-sues simply, quickly, eciently,and what is most important, rela-tions between people are not de-stroyed. But in order or me, asmediator, to help others to changetheir mentality, my own mentality

needs to be changed too.Te current society teaches usthat everything is a competition,that everything must be won, thatonly the rst place is important,the rest doesn’t matter. Tis view actually brought us in ront o collapse, both as society and indi-

viduals. We orgot to be humans,we don’t know how to be humansanymore. We orgot to pay atten-tion to the person next to us, weorgot to look at ourselves, weorgot to listen to each other. Wehear each other, but we don’t lis-

ten. We no longer have the timeor the patience or something likethat. Lie has gained a hallucinat-ing speed. Te 24 hours o a day are no longer enough. Why is allthis happening? Because o us. Wecannot blame anyone. We are the

only ones guilty. And it seems thatwe are now receiving the high bill.And we have nothing to pay or it…

Unortunately, the justice sys-tem didn’t help at all, but thecontrary, it only worsened theproblems, splitting people intwo: winners and losers. Has thissolved the problems? Not at all.It only multiplied the number o conicts. It is what the systemeventually agreed, as it lives romthis. It is the boomerang efect.

Mediation comes and tells peo-ple: why do you let other decideor you, don’t you know you coulddo it yourselves? Don’t you know that you can decide over the bestsolution that concerns you, be-cause you know best what is allabout? And you can even do itin a short period o time, insteado spending years in courts, theresult might be indecisive andyou won’t be able to look in eachother’s eyes anymore. Why do youthink others know better than youhow to solve the problem, andwhy do you think one o you mustwin?

For now, we are ghting withthe winner mentality, because or20 years we have been told only this, but it seems it no longerunctions. So, we need to see whatwe could change. First o all, the

way to approach conicts, makingpeople understand that the win-ner mentality does not necessar-ily bring you only the victory, butmany other problems. And vic-tory does not make you better, itcould even irremediably destroy arelationship. An agreement couldbring you more benets on longterm than a victory enjoyed ora short period o time, but withcosts that sometimes cannot bemeasured. And I’m not reerringonly to money.

Given the circumstances, the

mediator has a role more impor-tant than it might seem. First o all, through her/his qualities, themediator restores the channels o communication, helps those in-

volved to clari y some aspects, tounderstand each other, to reachan understanding and most im-portant to maintain a relationship,to stop the litigation and elimi-nate the possibility to generatenew conlicts.

Beyond the act that mediatoris a proession, the mediation isan art. ■

tHE Art Of MAKINg t HEIMPOssIBLE POssIBLE.

Danciu Ioan Viorel Meda, Sa Mae





18

2020 VIsION wHErE IN tHE wOrLD wILL ME-

DIAtION BE wItHIN 10 yEArs?(Repdced wh pemssn

Inenanal Medan Inse)

PArt 1Yogi Berra made his name not

only by winning the 1969 World Se-ries as coach o the New York Metsbut with malapropisms like hal heles hey ell ab me aen’ e andalways he peple’s neals,hewse hey wn’ cme ys.But his remark that he e an’ wha sed be was more pro-ound. Change happens aster now.Te near certainties o the past look more like unconvincing theories.Ways o leading, educating, nego-tiating, daring, innovating and suc-ceeding are being reinvented.

Te uture arrives more quickly;a 10-year orecast is now more chal-lenging.

Yet accurate predictions remain vital to social and economic pro-gress. Major companies still predictdecades ahead, adapting their as-sumptions as time goes by, reningthe scenarios. For example, the o-cus o the World Business Councilor Sustainable Development, anassociation o 200 international

companies, is what the world willlook like in 2050 and conveneschie executives across all sectorsworldwide to collaborate in waysthat will enable society to be sus-tainable in 40 years time.

So, what about the mediationeld – or, should I say, movement?Are its stakeholders doing anythingsimilar? Setting aside the obviousrole that efective dispute avoid-ance and prevention can play inachieving a sustainable society and economy, the immediate ques-tion is whether the main players in

mediation are taking steps to drive,grow and sustain the eld itsel.Where could mediation be in 10years time? Can stakeholders real-istically exert a signicant positiveinuence on the eld’s uture pro-gression?

When y c n he pesen, he e leaks observed the nov-elist William S. Burroughs. Oncethe current state o mediation hasbeen laid out and dissected, thepointers to the uture, i we look or them, will reveal themselves sothey can be analysed and applied to

the advantage o everyone. Toseindicators must be shared, appre-ciated and leveraged skillully andcollaboratively or we ignore at ourperil the clear advice o MahatmaGandhi: YOU ms be he chane

y wsh see n he wld .

None o us knows the uture, butwe all try to predict it. Not being asoothsayer, my humble way or try-ing to orecast mediation is quiteprosaic: to appreciate the history,assess the status quo, then ocus ontwo key issues: how mediation islearned, practiced and presented toits market, plus how user needs arechanging. Ten c into each witha constructively critical eye, seewhat leaks out, and combine the re-sults to try and map out a likely orachievable uture. Tis may enableus to assess whether, and i so how,we can all exert a meaningul andpositive inuence on the develop-ment o mediation.

tHE PAst - HIstOry IN A NUtsHELL

In the Lunyu, or Analects, it isrecorded that Zi-gong asked: Mas-e, s hee a snle wd whch may seve as a le pacce all ne’sle? to which Conucius replied: Isn Recpcy sch a wd? Media-tion’s roots lie at the heart o Con-ucianism, which later civilizations,like the Roman Empire, also ap-plied extensively. In process terms,modern mediation crystallised

when United States Chie JusticeWarren Burger invited ProessorFrank E. A. Sander o Harvard Law School to present a paper at theRoscoe Pound Conerence o 1976in St Paul, Minnesota. Tis historicgathering o legal scholars and

jurists discussed ways to addressdissatisaction with the Americanlegal system and to reorm the ad-ministration and delivery o justice.Proessor Sander’s paper Pespec-ves n Jsce n he Fe urgeda widespread adoption o non-liti-gious orms o dispute resolution,

not least o which is mediation.US State legislatures then o-cused on mediation, and law andbusiness schools began research. In1979, CPR Institute was ounded,backed by companies and proes-sional rms, and began to explainthe idea o mediation. Gen Yes by Harvard Law School Pro-essors Roger Fisher and WilliamUry was published in 1981. In1983, Harvard Law School, MIand us ounded the Program onNegotiation, and the IndependentMediation Service o South Arica

was ormed in 1984. wo years latercame Pepperdine’s Straus Instituteor Dispute Resolution. Te “new”eld attracted skilled, inspirationaland pioneering educators who be-gan dening the requisite skills andprocesses. By the late 1980s, those

2020 VIsIONUNDE VA fI MEDIErEA IN 10 ANI

LA NIVEL MONDIAL?(Repds c pemsnea Ins-

l Inenanal al Mede)

PArtEA 1Yogi Berra a devenit cunoscut nu

numai prin castigarea Campiona-tul Mondial din 1969 ca antrenor alNew York Mets, dar si prin mala-propismele sale „jumatate din min-ciunile care se spun despre minenu sunt adevarate” si „sa te duci tumereu la uneraliile altor persoane,altel ele nu vor veni la tine.” Darremarca „viitorul nu este ceea ceobisnuia sa e” a ost mult mai pro-unda. Schimbarea se produce mairapid in zilele noastre. Lucrurilesigure din trecut par mai degrabateorii neconvingatoare. Mijloacelede conducre, educare, negociere,intreprindere, inovare si successunt reinventate.

Viitorul soseste mai repede; oprognoza pe 10 ani este acum maiprovocatoare.

otusi, predictiile precise raman vitale pentru progresul economic sisocial. Companiile mari inca emitpreviziuni pe decade, adaptandu-siipotezele din mers, imbunatatindu-si scenariile. De exemplu, punctul

principal al Consiliului de AaceriMondial pentru Dezvoltare Suste-nabila, o asociatie cuprianzand 200de companii internationale, estemodul cum va arata lumea in 2050,convocand directori executivi dintoate sectoarele la nivel mondial sacolaboreze in moduri care vor per-mite ca societatea sa e sustenabilain 40 de ani.

Asadar, cum stau lucrurile cudomeniul medierii, ori sa spunmiscarea medierii? Fac si actio-narii sai ceva similar? Lasand la oparte rolul evident pe care evitarea

si prevenirea unor dispute il are inobtinerea unei societati si econo-mii sustenabile, intrebarea imediaturmatoare este daca jucatorii prin-cipali din mediere ac ceva pentrua conduce, a creste si a sustine acestdomeniu. Unde s-ar putea aa me-dierea in 10 ani? Pot actionarii saexercite in mod real o inuentapozitiva semnicativa asupra dez-

voltarii acestui domeniu?„Cand tai prezentul, viitorul se

scurge” spunea novelistul WilliamS.Burroughs. Odata ce statutul cu-rent al medierii a ost expus si dise-

cat, indicatorii viitorului, daca ii ca-utam, se vor expune pentru a putea analizati si aplicati spre avantajultuturor. Acei indicatori trebuie sae impartasiti, apreciati si contro-lati cu tenacitate si in mod colabo-rativ, altel ignoram, pe propriul

risc, satul concret al lui MahatmaGandhi: U trebuie sa i schimba-rea pe care vrei sa o vezi in lume.

Niciunul dintre noi nu stie viito-rul, dar toti incercam sa-l prezicem.Neind un clarvazator, modul meuumil de a incerca sa previzionezmedierea este chiar prozaic: sa inte-leg istoria, sa analizez status-quoulsi apoi sa ma axez pe doua elemen-te cheie:cum este medierea invatata,practicata si prezentata pe piata,plus cum se schimba nevoile utili-zatorilor. Apoi, „disecarea” acestorsubiecte cu un ochi critic, sa vadce se „revarsa” si sa combin rezul-tatele petru a incerca si a schita un

viitor posibil sau realizabil.Aceasta ne poate permite sa anal-

zam daca, si cum, putem exercitacu totii o inuenta pozitiva asupradezvoltarii medierii.

trECUtUL – IstOrIE INtr-OCOAjA DE NUCA

Lunyu sau Analects amintesc caZi-gong a intrebat: „Stapane, existaun singur cuvant care poate servica o regula de practica pentru in-treaga viata a unei persoane?,” lacare Conucius raspunse: „Nu eReciprocitatea un astel de cuvant?”

Radacinile medierii se regasesc inmijlocul conucianismului, careapoi a ost aplicat la scara larga dealte civilizatii, cum ar imperiulroman.

In termeni de procedura, medie-rea moderna s-a cristalizat cand Se-ul Justitiei din Statele Unite War-ren Burger l-a invitat pe proesorulFrank E. A. Sander de la Scoala deDrept a Universitatii Harvard saprezinte o lucrare in cadrul Cone-rintei Roscoe Pound din 1976 in StPaul, Minnesota. In cadrul acesteiadunari istorice a intelectualilor

de drept si a juristilor s-au discutatmijloace de a aborda nemultumiri-le legate de sistemul juridic ameri-can si de a reorma administrareasi urnizarea actului de justitie.Lucrarea proesorului Sander „Per-spective asupra justitiei in viitor” aurgentat o adoptare la scara larga aormelor nelitigioase de rezolvare aunei dispute, intre care si medierea.

Apoi, legislatura americana s-aaxat pe mediere, iar scolile de dreptsi aaceri au inceput cercetarea. In1979, a ost ondat Institutul CPR,sustinut de companii si rme pro-

esionale, si au inceput sa expli-ce ideea de mediere. Getting oYes, scrisa de proesorii Scolii deDrept de la Harvard, Roger Fishersi William Ury, a ost publicata in1981. In 1983,

Scoala de Drept de la Harvard,





19

MI si us au ondat Programulprivind Negocierea, iar in 1984 aost inintat Serviciul Indepen-dent de Mediere din Arica deSud. Doi ani mai tarziu a aparutInstitutul de Rezolvare a DisputelorPepperdine’s Straus. „Noul” dome-niu atragea educatori inzesrati, in-spirati si pionieri, care au inceputsa deneasca competentele si pro-cesele necesare. Spre sarsitul anilor’80, tehnicile de inceput determina-sera initiative de training, educatiesi serviciu in USA, iar grupuri pro-esionale de interes cum ar Asoci-atia pentru Rezolvarea Conictelorsi Sectia ABA pentru RezolvareaDisputelor au ost inintate.

Medierea germina pretutindeni,cu inintarea in 1988 a LEADR inAustralia si Institutul Canadian alADR, apoi Grupul ADR si CEDR in Marea Britanie in 1990. Au ur-mat apoi in Singapore, Hong Kong,Europa Continentala si AmericaLatina. Dezvoltarea initiala a me-dierii era spectaculoasa, dar odatacu noul mileniu, curba cresteriiincetinise. Guvernele au incercatsa o stimuleze, prin Legea Medi-erii Uniorme din 2001, Modelulde Justitie asupra Concilierii Co-merciale din 2002 UNCIRAL siDirectiva Europeana in privintaMedierii din 2008, incercand sainjecteze claritate unor problemecare altel ar putea sa tina pe locprogresul medierii.

otusi, oerta de persoane care

se dadeau drept mediatori depa-sea cererea. Odata cu maturizareamedierii, au aparut si limitarile.Medierea era prea mult prezentataca o solutie la esecurile litigiilorde drept; domeniul era populat inmare masura de avocati care, arasa se gandeasca, au numit-o rezol-

vare alternativa a disputelor, si auinclus si arbitrajul sub acest ter-men; medierea era vazuta in multetari de drept civil ca un anglo-ame-ricanism; oamenii neproesionisti -utilizatorii – nu reuseau sa prindapotentialul acesteia mai departe

de contextul curtilor de judecata;unele panouri oereau si arbitratorisi mediatori, ducand la o anumitaconuzie; iar conceptual de aplicarea medierii ca o ramura inovatoarea negocierii, pentru prevenirea sievitarea conictelor s-a cam pier-dut. otusi, pe la inceputul secolu-lui, medierea sosise si, manuita cugrija, era pregatita sa se dezvolte.

IN 10 ANI DE LA INCEPUtUL NOULUI MILENIU, A DEVENIt MEDIErEA O PrOfEsIE DE sINEstAtAtOArE?

In Te Proessionalization o Everyone? din 1964, Harold Wi-lensky, Proesor Emerit de StiintePolitice din cadrul UniversitatiiCaliornia, Berkeley, sugera cincistagii in proesionalizarea uneiocupatii: (1) un numar substantial

de oameni care sa presteze normaintreaga o activitate care are o pi-ata; (2) inintarea de acilitati deinstruire; (3) crearea unei asociatiiproesionale; (4) asociatie care sa-si protejeze practicantii; si (5) uncod de etica in vigoare. ProesorulWilensky continua: Orice ocupatiecare-si doreste sa implementeze au-toritate trebuie sa gaseasca o bazatehnica, sa declare o jurisdictieexlusiva, sa lege competentele si

jurisdictia de standarde ale instru-irii si sa convinga publicul larg caserviciile sale sunt singurele de in-credere si sunt legate de un set denorme proesionale.

Miscarea medierii este descrisaca o proesie in curs de dezvoltare.In unele puncte indeplineste prin-cipalele criterii, in altele deloc, si

doar in anumite locuri indeplinestetoate criteriile. Mai precis, medie-rea este o proesie de substituire,practicantii sai au tendinta sa se ba-zeze pe statutul lor in alt loc atunci

cand reclama proesionalism camediatori.estul Litmus, care stabileste

daca o ocupatie s-a dezvoltat in-tr-o proesie reala, depinde de in-trebarea daca piata sa o percepeca pe o proesie. Ute Joas-Quinneste consilier asociat general alShell International’s Upstream In-ternational Functions. Ea este unsustinator proeminent al olosiriimedierii, dar doreste ca aceasta sase dezvolte in mod corect. Recent,acea urmatoarea armatie concisein legatura cu status-quo-ul:

Dintre cei care unctioneaza cameditaori, putini si-au inceput ca-riera in acest rol. Multi s-au mutatpe domeniul medierii din alte pro-esii, si ramane o „ocupatie” pentrumulti mediatori de astazi. Exista oabsenta in recunoasterea de catre

early techniques had spawnedtraining, educational and serviceinitiatives in the US, and proes-sional interest groups like the Asso-ciation or Conict Resolution andthe ABA Section o Dispute Resolu-tion were established.

Mediation germinated elsewherewith the ormation in 1988 o LEADR in Australia and the ADR Institute o Canada, then ADR Group and CEDR in the UK in1990. Others ollowed in Singapore,Hong Kong, Continental Europeand Latin America.

Te early development o media-tion was meteoric, but by the new Millennium the growth curve hadslowed. Governments tried to pro-

vide stimulus through the UniormMediation Act 2001, the UNCI-

RAL Model Law on InternationalCommercial Conciliation in 2002and the European Mediation Di-rective in 2008 by attempting toinject clarity into issues that might

otherwise hold back the progress o mediation.However, supply o people hold-

ing themselves out as medas wasoutpacing demand. As mediationmatured, limitations suraced. Me-diation was too heavily presentedas a solution to the ailures o com-mon law litigation; the eld waslargely populated by lawyers whounthinkingly called it AlenaveDispute Resolution and includedarbitration under that term; me-diation was seen in many civil law countries as an Anglo-American-

ism; lay people - the users - largely ailed to grasp its potential beyondthe context o courtroom processes;some panels ofered both arbitra-tors and mediators, causing someconusion; and mediation’s applica-tion as an innovative branch o ne-

gotiation, conict prevention andavoidance all got rather lost. None-theless, by the turn o the Century,mediation had arrived and, skilully handled, was poised to develop.

tEN yEArs AftEr tHE MILLENIUM ,HAs MEDIAtION BECOME A frEE-stANDINg PrOfEssION?

In Te Pessnalzan Eve-yne? in 1964, Harold Wilensky,Proessor Emeritus o Political Sci-ence at the University o Caliornia,Berkeley, suggested ve stages inthe proessionalization o an oc-cupation: (1) a substantial numbero people doing ull time an activity that has a market; (2) the establish-ment o training acilities; (3) thecreation o a proessional associa-tion; (4) the association acting to

protect its practitioners; and (5) acode o ethics being in orce. Pro-essor Wilensky continued: Any c-cpan wshn execse ah-y ms nd a echncal bass ,

asse an exclsve jsdcn, lnkbh skll and jsdcn sand-ads ann and cnvnce he pblc ha s sevces ae nqely swhy and ed a se p-

essnal nms.Te mediation movement is de-

scribed as an emen proession.It meets some o the basic criteriain some places, and none in others,but in only a ew places does it meetall the criteria. More accurately,mediation is a vcas proession;its practitioners tend to rely heav-ily on their status elsewhere when

asserting proessionalism as media-tors.Te Litmus est o whether an

occupation has developed into atrue proession depends on wheth-er its market peceves it as a proes-sion. Ute Joas-Quinn is Associate



VALENtIN DrAgOŞ BIrO, fOrMAtOr, ExPErt COMUNICArE







22

utilizatori a unei „jurisdictii ex-clusive” pentru mediere, adica nuexista standarde inalte de training,institutii proesionale care sa gu-

verneze medierea, exista putine ca-licari, si nicio norma proesionalaacceptata peste tot. Drept rezultat,calitatea mediatorilor este oarte

variabila, exista doar cateva proce-se sistematice pentru evaluarea saumasurarea calitatii si competenteiunui mediator, iar standardele inal-te nu sunt nici vizibile si nici credi-bile. Din cazua unei promovari ina-decvate, exista o proasta intelegerea ceea ce este medierea si/sau ce be-necii poate aduce pentru acilita-rea rezolvarii conictelor mai rapid.O proasta intelegere a dus la o ac-ceptare limitata a conceptului, maiales in lumea aacerilor, dar deseorisi in proesia juridica. Cei care suntobisnuiti cu medierea deseori potdescoperi ca gasirea mediatoruluipotrivit e o problema – comunica-rea prin viu grai este imprevizibilasi subiectiva.

Aceste remarci au ost oerite cao evaluare internationala a ceea ceeste medierea astazi. oate genera-lizarile au si exceptii. Unii dintreurnizori si ormatori stabilesc in-tr-adevar standarde oarte inaltesi obtin rezultate remarcabile, iarAustralia, Austria, Olanda si Ari-ca de Sud au inregistrat cel maimare progres, dar absenta calitatiisi transparentei la nivel generalpagubesc medierea de statutul sau

proesional real.Medierea trebuie sa se dezvol-te de la o ocupatie in care oricinepoate sustine ca e mediator intr-oadevarata proesie. Aceasta tranzi-tie este realizabila in 10 ani, iar inurmatoarele pagini oer ganduriasupra componentelor care ac po-sibil acest lucru.

INVAtArEA – DOBANDIrEA DECUNOstINtE PrIVIND MEDIErEA

Educatia Bazata pe Rezulta-te (Outcomes Based Education

- OBE) a capatat avant in intreaga

lumea in majoritatea ariilor de edu-catie. Aceasta evalueaza studentiinu numai din punctul de vedere alcunostintelor tehnice deobanditedin manuale, dar si daca sunt ca-pabili sa obtina orice rezultat estecerut. Eductia de drept a lasat inurma contabilitatea sau alte proe-sii in aceasta privinta. Alimentandaceasta tendinta catre OBE in sis-temul de educatie american, douarapoarte din 2007 emise de Fun-datia Carnegie pentru DezvoltareaEducatiei si o echipa coordonatade proesorul Roy Stuckey, au ur-

gentat scolile de drept din SUA salargeasca gama de lectii predate,integrarea predarii de cunostinte,competente si valori, netratandu-leca materii separate in cadrul unorcursuri dierite si sa aiba o atentiemai mare indreptata catre instruire

proesionala.Programul privind Negocierea a

ost inovator, inspirat si unic atuncicand a ost introdus in 1983 si deatunci alte centre de educare, inspecial scolile de aaceri si de drept,au construit bogatia de cunostin-te, predare si competente generatein domeniul negocierii. Altele leincorporeaza acum in cadrul ma-teriei principale. In urmatorii ani,cererea pentru astel de compe-tente va creste considerabil, deoa-rece rmele cauta sa-si minimizezesesiunile de cursuri post-calicarecostistoare, iar absolventii se stra-duiesc sa maximizeze nivelul deangajare. Pana in 2020, institutiilede invatamant, incluzand scolilede aaceri si de drept, vor incor-pora sistematic competentele demediere si negociere in materia lorstandard obligatorie, determinatede OBE.

Invatare prin aventura3 – apli-carea competentelor in mediu real

– va deveni comuna, iar mediatorii vor oeri studentilor oportunitatide experimentare, prin programelede practica. Multe scoli vor predacompetente de baza privind evita-rea si rezolvarea disputelor ca partea materiei obisnuite. De mult timp,companiile se axeaza pe rezultate,dar nu mai mult ca in prezent, candausteritatea si siguranta conducla valori impartasite. GE, Nestlé,AkzoNobel si multe alte companiiinternationale au aratat cum me-

dierea si alte cursuri de negocierepentru angajatii sai inspira o ori-etare catre rezultat, ducand la re-zultate mai rapide si evitarea riscu-rilor. Litigiul va din ce in ce maimult clasicat ca proiect, pentru a gestionat sistematic si proactiv, sicondus catre un nal, ca oricare altproiect.

Pentru aceia care nu aspira sapractice medierea, institutiile deeducatie vor urniza cursuri caresa se axeze pe anumite nevoi – cumar intelegerea aplicarii si valoriimedierii, reprezentarea clientilor

intr-o mediere, tehnici de evitare adisputelor, diplomatie, negociere simediere inter-culturala, mediereatranzactiilor si navigarea printrerezultate, dreptul colaborativ, exe-cutarea tranzactiilor si construireade relatii. Generatia urmatoareeste in primul rand axata sa obtinarezultate si nu sa perpetueze pro-cesul, o schimbare in atitudine sicompetente care va grabi cu o vite-za turbo cererea pentru mediere inurmatorii 10 ani.

INVAtArEA – DOBANDIrEA DE

APtItUDINI IN MEDIErECa si conducatorii, antrepreno-rii, artistii, proesorii si muzicienii,mediatorii se nasc, nu sunt acuti

– dar, bineinteles, nu pe deplin. Intimp ce cunostintele si competen-tele tehnice sunt necesare in medie-

General Counsel o Shell Interna-tional’s Upstream InternationalFunctions. She is a prominent ad-

vocate o the use o mediation, butwants to see it develop properly.She recently made the ollowingpithy assessment o the status quo:F hse wh ac as medas, ewhave ben he caees n hs le.

Ms mved medan m he pessns, and emans laely an “ccpan” ms medasday. Tee s a cen absence se ecnn an “exclsve j-sdcn” medan, .e., heeae n cnssen hh sandads ann, n venn pessnal bdes, ew qalcans, and nnvesally-acceped pessnal nms. As a esl, he qaly medas acss he bad s hhly vaable, hee ae ew sysemac pcesses assess mease a me-da’s qaly and cmpeency, and hh sandads ae nehe vsblen cedble. De nadeqae p-mn, hee s p ndesandn wha medan s and/ wha benes can bn aclae heealy esln cncs. P n-desandn has esled n lmed accepance he cncep, laely n he bsness wld, b en by he leal pessn as well. Tsewh ae acqaned wh medanmay en dscve ha ndn heh meda s a pblem - wd mh s npedcable and sb-

jecve.

Tese remarks were ofered asan international assessment o how mediation is today. All generaliza-tions have exceptions. Some pro-

viders and trainers do set very highstandards and achieve outstandingresults, and Australia, Austria, theNetherlands and South Arica havemade more progress than most,but it is the absence o consistentacross-the-board quality and trans-parency that currently deprivesmediation o its true proessionalstatus.

Mediation needs to develop rom

an occupation where anyone canclaim to be a mediator, into a trueproession. Tat transition is readi-ly achievable within 10 years, and inthe ollowing pages I ofer thoughtson the components that can makeit happen.

LEArNINg – ACQUIrINgMEDIAtION KNOwLEDgE

Outcomes Based Education(OBE) has gained momentumaround the world in most areas o learning. It assesses students not

just on their technical knowledge o

inputs like textbooks, but on wheth-er they are able to achieve whateveroutcome is required. Legal educa-tion has lagged behind accountancy and other proessions in this regard.Fuelling this drive towards OBE inUS legal education, two reports2 in

2007 by the Carnegie Foundationor the Advancement o eachingand by a team under Proessor Roy Stuckey, urged law schools in theUS to broaden the range o lessonsthey teach; integrate the teaching o knowledge, skills and values, andnot treat them as separate subjectsaddressed in separate courses; andgive greater attention to instructionin proessionalism.

Te Program on Negotiation wasinnovative, inspiring and uniquewhen introduced in 1983 and sincethen other centers o learning, es-pecially business and law schools,have built on the wealth o knowl-edge, teaching and skills generatedin the negotiation eld.

Others are now incorporatingthem into core curricula. Over thenext ew years, demand or theseskills will increase considerably asbusinesses and proessional rmsseek to minimize costly post-qual-ication training, and as graduatesstrive to maximize their employ-ability. By 2020, educational insti-tutions, including business and law schools, will systematically incor-porate mediation and negotiationskills into their standard manda-tory curricula, driven by OBE. Ad-

venture Learning3 – getting theseskills played out in real environ-ments – will become common, andmediators will be enlisted to oferexperience generation opportuni-ties to students through assistant-

ships. Many schools will be teach-ing basic dispute avoidance andresolution skills as part o regularcurricula.

Companies have long been o-cused on outcomes, but no moreso than now when austerity andcertainty drive share values. GE,Nestlé, AkzoNobel and many otherinternational companies have ledthe way in demonstrating how mediation and other principlednegotiation courses or staf instillan outcome orientation, leading toearlier results and risk avoidance.

Litigation will increasingly be clas-sied as a pjec , to be managedsystematically and proactively, andbrought to closure, like any other.

For those not aspiring to practiceas mediators, training institutionswill provide more ocused coursesmeeting diferent needs – suchas understanding the applicationand value o mediation, represent-ing clients in a mediation, disputeavoidance techniques, diplomacy,inter-cultural mediation and ne-gotiation, deal mediation and out-come navigation, collaborative law,

post-deal execution and relation-ship-building.Te next generation is being pri-

marily wired to achieve outcomes,not perpetuate process, a switch inattitudes and skills that will turbo-charge demand or mediation well





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re ca si in alte vocatii, medierea estein mod esential bazata pe practicasi personalitate. Abilitatea, instinc-tiva, de a castiga increderea parti-lor oponente si de multe ori ostile,este o caracteristica vitala a unuimediator de succes, si nu toata lu-mea o are sau o poate dobandi. Doiormatori de competente avansateJane Gunn si David Richbell din ca-drul MAA, au subliniat nevoia camediatorii sa e puternic biazici, aconstrui incredere prin capacitateade a se comporta in eluri dierite,in unctie de circumstante. Citam:

„sa i si mandru si umil, sensibil sidur, puternic si delicat, cu umor siserios, increzator si precaut, opti-mist si pesimist…” Abilitatea de aobtine acel grad de adaptabilitateinstinctiva poate invatat, dar inprincipal este inradacinat in perso-nalitate si aptitudini.

In ciuda acestui lucru, multipracticanti s-au impiedicat in do-meniul medierii, unii s-au potrivitnatural, altii nu. Putini sunt me-diatori de cariera pe termen lung.O mare parte sunt avocati – ostiavocati de drept civil si penal, ju-decatori pensionati sau osti poli-ticieni sau diplomati. Aceasta esteprobabil o caracteristica a istorieimedierii moderne, acel ADR nu-mit in mod gresit, si originile saleaxate pe serviciu si nu pe utilizator.In ciuda a ceea ce spun unii avocati,adevarul este ca aceste cunostintede drept si promovare au putina

inuenta asupra abilitatii de medi-ere – putine dispute sunt cu adeva-rat despre ceea ce sunt. La baza lor,majoritatea disputelor sunt rareoridespre tehnicalitatile juridice carese consuma in mod inevitabil. DrFriedrich Glasl spunea acest lucrumai elegant: „Avem conict? Sauconictul ne are pe noi? 4

Multi dintre mediatorii prac-ticanti de azi nu au ost niciodatainstruiti pe larg, ci mai degraba lalocul de munca. Foarte multi au ur-mat numai un curs de o saptamana.Catorva dintre ei, dar nu tuturor,

li s-au evaluat competentele inde-pendent, la sarsit, si numai cativaau urmat cursuri avansate si au de-

venit proesori. Cursantii sunt ace-ia care aspira sa practice meseria demediator, iar altii nu au nicio inten-tie de a practica medierea, dar cau-ta sa-si imbunatateasca tehnicile denegociere, sau doar vor sa ae cumsi de ce unctionaeza medierea, sausa-si reprezinte clientii mai bine intimpul medierii. Foarte eclectic.

In 10 ani, utilizatorii vor vreaca noii mediatorii sa urmat unprogram de training comprehensiv

si sa trecut cu succes o evaluare– cu un evaluator independent atade scoala de cursuri. Evaluatorii

vor experimentati in evaluareacompetentelor si vor aplica criteriitransparente. estarea va cuprin-de role-playuri, examinari scrise

si orale si vor acoperi aptitudini,competente si cunostinte teoreticedespre negociere, etica, legi si as-pecte din domeniu.

oti mediatorii practicanti, careau trecut aceste cursuri cu succes,

vor „calicati” intr-un el saualtul, si se asteapta ca ei sa urmezecursuri avansate si sesiuni de com-petente de buna practica, ca partea unui program de dezvoltare pro-esionala continua, orientat catrerezultate. Daca ormatorii nu reu-sesc sa colaboreze in stabilirea unorcriterii consistente, transparente siconvingatoare pentru programelelor, ma astept ca guvernul sa o acain locul lor.

fUrNIzArEA – sCHIMBArEA PrACtICII MEDIErII

Pe masura ce utilizatorii devinmai amiliarizati cu medierea, de-

vin si mai indrazneti. Cererea vadetermina olosirea hibrizilor sicurba de crestere a medierii com-plementare (concilierea) e posibilsa creasca, in parte sub inuentaavocatilor-mediatori. Dreptul co-laborativ si medierea transormati-

va vor larg acceptate; mediatorii vor mai mult olositi in evitareaconictelor, cum ar stabilireaunor cadre de reglementare. Me-diatorii vor accepta responsabili-tatea de a-i ajuta pe cei care suntincepatori sa castige experientaprin stagiaturi, si vor vedea ca aumulte de invatat de la generatiile

tinere. Noi tehnologii vor avea unimpact asupra cresterii medierii,dar si asupra modului cum este eapracticata5. Peste 20 de milioanede oameni sunt conectati la Skypein orice moment. Capacitatilesale de teleonie video si celalaltesisteme similare au revolutionatcomunicarea, cu posibilitatea dea sustine o conerinta video dinlocatii dierite si ara costuri, o-losita atat de consumatorul largdar si de catre companii si guver-ne. Skype pare sa ost cu noi deani de zile, dar de apt a inceput sa

existe in august 2003, avand nevoiede cativa ani pentru a lua avant, pemasura ce stabilitatea si calitateas-au imbunatatit. In prezent, astelde sisteme sunt o tehnologie inve-chita. Acum vorbim de teleprezena,un avans tehnologic care permiteparticipantilor sa aiba sentimentulca sunt toti in aceeasi incapere. e-leprezenta incorporeaza acum teh-nologia 3D, care e deja disponibilape televizoare, inlocuind tot maibine dinamica unei intalniri nor-male, zice, desi participantii pot in dierite zone de timp. In curand,

intanirile holograce vor permiteoamenilor sa e proiectati in salilede intalnire, si noi in ale lor, pa-rand ca si cum am lua loc la masaecaruia, creand un sentiment realde prezenta, desasurand un limbaj

verbal, paraverbal si un limbaj al

within the next 10 years.

LEArNINg – ACQUIrINgMEDIAtION sKILLs

Like leaders, entrepreneurs, art-ists, teachers and musicians, media-tors are born, not made – though,o course, not entirely. Whileknowledge and technical skills areneeded in mediation as in other

vocations, mediation is essentially practice and personality-based.Te ability, instinctively, to win thetrust o opposing and oen hostileparties is a vital characteristic o asuccessul mediator, and not eve-ryone has or can acquire it. woadvanced skills trainers, Jane Gunnand David Richbell o MAA, haveemphasised the need or mediatorsto be highly bphasc, building trustthrough the capacity to behave inopposite ways depending on cir-cumstances. In their words: bebh pd and hmble, sensveand h, sn and enle, h-ms and ses, sn and cas, pmsc and pessms-c…. Te ability to achieve that de-gree o instinctive adaptability canbe learned, but mostly is rooted inpersonality and aptitude.

Despite this, many practitionersstumbled into mediation, some nat-urally suited to it, others not. Few are long-term career mediators. Ahigh proportion are attorneys – ex-litigators, retired judges and arbi-trators, or ormer politicians and

diplomats. Tis is probably attrib-utable to the history o modern me-diation, that misnomer ADR, andits service-driven, not user-driven,origins. Despite what some lawyerssay, the truth is that legal knowl-edge and advocacy have little bear-ing on the ability to mediate - ewdspes ae eve ab wha hey’eab . At their roots the major-ity o disputes are rarely about thelegal technicalities they inevitably become consumed by. Dr FriedrichGlasl elegantly expresses it anotherway: D we have a cnc? O des

he cnc have s? (4)Many o today’s practicing medi-ators have never been comprehen-sively trained, but rather learned onthe job. A great number have only attended a one-week training.

Some, but not all, had their skillsindependently assessed at the end,and only a ew ollowed up withadvanced skills courses or becameteachers. rainees include thosewho aspire to practise as mediators,and others who have no intentiono practising but seek to sharpentheir principled negotiation tech-

niques, or wish to know how andwhy mediation works, or to repre-sent clients more efectively in me-diation. Very eclectic.

Within 10 years, users will ex-pect recent mediators to have un-dertaken a comprehensive train-

ing program and have successully passed an assessment – with asses-sors who are independent o thetraining aculty. Te assessors willbe experienced in skills evaluationand will apply transparent criteria.esting will be conducted throughroleplays, oral and written exami-nations and will cover aptitudes,skills, competencies and substan-tive knowledge o negotiation theo-ries, ethics, hybrids, laws and evolv-ing issues in the eld.

All practicing mediators suc-cessully passing these courses willbe “qualied” one way or another,and expected to attend regular ad-

vanced courses and best practiceskills sessions as a structured, out-put-orientated continuing proes-sional development program.

I trainers ail to collaborate insetting consistent, transparent andconvincing criteria or their pro-grams meeting high standards, I ex-pect governments to do it or them.

DELIVEry – CHANgINg MEDIA- tION PrACtICE

As users become more amiliarwith mediation, they will becomemore adventurous. Te demand-side will drive the use o hybridsand the growth curve o comple-mentary evaluative mediation(conciliation) may increase, partly inuenced by lawyer-mediators.

Collaborative law and transorm-ative mediation will be widely ac-

cepted; mediators will increasingly be used in conict avoidance, suchas establishing regulatory rame-works.

Mediators will accept responsi-bility to help those starting in theeld to gain experience through as-sistantships, and see that they havemuch to learn rom the youngergeneration.

New technologies will have animpact both on the growth o medi-ation and on how it is practiced (5).Over 20 million people now haveSkype switched on their desktops

at any moment. Its video telephony capability and those o similar sys-tems have revolutionized commu-nications with the same cost-reemultiple-location video conerenc-ing used by consumers as well ascompanies and governments. Sky-pe seems to have been with us ordecades, but only came into exist-ence in August 2003, taking severalyears to catch re as its stability andquality improved. Now, such sys-tems are “old” technology.

Enter telepresence, a technologi-cal advance enabling participants to

have an enhanced sense o being inthe same room together. elepres-ence is now embracing 3D, already available on consumer V sets, rep-licating more closely the dynamicso a normal, physical meeting eventhough participants may be in di-





24

corpului, completate de traduceriinstantanee si alte tehnologii avan-sate. Instrumentele necesare vor construite in cadrul computerelorsi a smartphone-urilor. Pana in2020, aceste platorme de comu-nicare vor perectate. Mediatoriile vor olosi intens. Aplicatiile vorintrece website-urile ca si sursainitiala de inormare. Smartphone-urile, ePad-urile si laptop-urile voravea posibilitatea sa downloadezesute de aplicatii de mediere, dandposibilitatea utilizatorilor sa acce-seze inormatii despre mediatori,urnizori si subiecte relevante lanivel mondial doar cu un singurdeget.

Rezolvarea Disputelor Onli-ne (Online Dispute Resolution

- ODR) va dobandi o noua semni-catie, permitand medierilor sa emai putin dependente de logisticasi participantilor posibilitatea de acalatori. Mediatorii vor putea olosimedii tehnologice sigure pentru aasigura condentialitate, urnizandcamere de intalnire virtuale caregaranteaza intimitatea. Noua teh-nologie va permite utilizatorilor saaiba aceeasi incredere in sigurantaacestor sisteme ca si in banking-ulonline – sunt de apt mai sigure casalile zice de intalniri, care sunt

vulnerabile la dispozitivele de as-cultare. Guvernele deja introducevaluarea perormanelor pentrusectorul public. In curand, eva-luarea independenta va deveni o

norma pentru toti proesionistii depretutindeni.

PrOMOVArEA – CUM EstEPrEzENtAtA MEDIErEA PIEtEIsALE

Promovarea este costisitoare, dareste si necesara. Medierea ramanemult subestimata. Putini urnizoriau resursele pentru promovareadomeniului, axandu-se mai multpe promovarea serviciilor propriisi brand. Exista cateva entitati demediere nationale sau internatio-nale, dedicate in special extinderii

domeniului in sine decat cresteriipropriilor servicii. Prin urmare,medierea nu este acceptata la scaralarga ca o optiune credibila. Aceas-ta spirala descrescatoare trebuie sae schimbata, altel medierea varamane inchisa intr-o traiectorieinceata.

Acum se recunoaste la scara lar-ga ca medierea trebuie perceputaca o proesie independenta, si unacare sa indeplineasca standardeinalte. Ceea ce nu este insa largimpartasit e ideea ca transparena-ta este cheia catre aceste obiective.

Cele Cinci Simturi ale lui Aristotelse aplica aici ca oriunde: utiliza-torii vor intelege si accepta numaiceeea ce vad, aud, ating, miros sigusta. Medierea se produce in me-diu privat, dar competentele si abi-litatile proesionale nu trebuie sa

e in mod egal invizibile, neauzite,intangibile, ara miros sau ara gust.

Loruld Wool spunea 6: Medi-erea a parcurs un drum lung, darinca mai are mult de mers. Dome-niul trebuie acum sa evolueze in-tr-o proesie adevarata. Standardeetice si practice minime trebuie sae stabilite, sa e acute transpa-rente si sa e obtinute internatio-nal; utilizatorii – clientii – medieriitrebuie sa vada aceste standardeunctionand in mod eectiv. re-buie sa e disponibile inormatiimai numeroase si mai bune despreaptitudinile, capacitatiile si perso-nalitatile mediatorilor. Calitatea siransparenta vor permite medieriisa creasca.

In August 2010, proesorul San-der arata7 ca in timp ce medierea adevenit mai raspandita, este neclarcum pot evalua partile necalicatecalitatea mediatorilor, ind inadec-

vat doar „sa lasi piata sa decida.”El concluziona ca ar trebui „sa neindreptam catre un el de …sistempentru evaluarea calitatatii si com-petentei mediatorilor, cel putin inmaterie de cursuri cerute. Catevasaptamani mai tarziu, Asociatiapentru Rezolvarea Conictelor(ACR) publica proiectul unui Mo-del de Standarde pentru Programede Certicare a Medierii8, carea ost supus comentariilor celor4.000 de membri ai sai (majorita-tea) din SUA.

Ma astept ca urnizorii de servi-

cii de mediere din intreaga lume sacolaboreze, in vederea unei compe-tente internationale non-birocrati-ce si voluntare, standarde etice sipractice. Cred ca mediatorii vor ve-dea ce valoare uriasa are eedback-ul de la utilizatori si colegi in lega-tura cu aptitudinile lor, care sa econcentrat intr-un studiu obiectiv de catre o persoana sau institutieindependenta, ca parte credibila aprolului lor. Ma astept ca utiliza-torii sa se bazeze mai putin pe bar-a si zvonuri atunci cand selecteazaun mediator, si sa se axeze mai mult

pe rapoartele de eedback. Aceastase va aplica nu numai medierii, ci va include aproape toate serviciileproesionale. ■

Michael Leathes1

Cnnaean nmal ma

1 Michael Leathes este director al Insti-tutului International al Medierii (IMI) si ostconsilier in cadrul mai multor companii in-

ternationale. Opiniile exprimate aici apartinautorului, dar acesta invita la comentarii dela toti actionarii din domeniul medierii pen-tru incurajarea dezbaterilor privind dezvol-tarea medierii catre o proesie internationa-la. Michael poate gasit prin intermediulrubrici i „Contact Us” de pe portalul IMI –www.IMImediation.org.

erent time zones. Soon, holograph-ic meetings will enable people to be

virtually “beamed” into our meet-ing rooms, and we into theirs, ap-pearing to take a seat at each other’stables, creating a real sense o pres-ence displaying verbal, paraverbaland body language aided by instan-taneous language translation andother advances. Te tools requiredwill be built into computer andsmartphone screens. By 2020, thesecommunication platorms will havebeen in widespread usage or someyears, and their stability will havebeen perected. Mediators will usethem extensively.

Apps will overtake websites asprime inormation sources. Smart-phones, ePads and laptops willbe able to download hundreds o mediation apps, enabling users toaccess inormation about media-tors, providers and relevant topicsworldwide with a nger tap.

Online Dispute Resolution(ODR) will acquire a new signi-cance, enabling mediations to beless dependent on logistics andparticipant ability to travel. Media-tors will be able to use secure tech-nological environments to ensurecondentiality, providing virtualcaucus rooms that guarantee pri-

vacy. New technology will enableusers to have the same condencein the security o these systems asonline banking – they are, in act,saer than today’s physical meet-

ing rooms, which are vulnerable toeavesdropping devices.Governments are already intro-

ducing perormance assessmentsor the public sector. Soon, inde-pendent assessment will becomethe norm or all proessionals, eve-rywhere.

PrOMOtION – HOw MEDIAtIONIs PrEsENtED tO Its MArKEt

Promotion is costly, but is alsonecessary. Mediation remainsgreatly undervalued. Few providershave resources or promoting the

eld, ocusing more on promot-ing their own service oferings andbranding. Tere are ew nationalor international mediation bodiesdedicated to expanding the elditsel as opposed to growing theirown services. Consequently, me-diation is not widely accepted asa credible option. Tis downwardspiral needs reversing or mediationwill remain locked into a slow-burntrajectory.

Tere is now widespread recog-nition that mediation needs to beperceived as an independent pro-

ession, and one that meets highstandards. What is not yet widely shared is the view that transparency is the key to these goals. Aristotle’sFive Senses apply here as every-where – users will only understandand accept what they can see, hear,

touch, smell and taste. Mediationhappens in private, but proessionalskills and competencies need notbe equally invisible, unheard, in-tangible, unscented or unpalatable.

Lord Wool has said : Medanhas cme a ln way, b sll hasmch he . Te eld nwneeds evlve qckly n a e

pessn. Hh mnmm pacceand ehcal sandads need be se,made anspaen and acheved n-enanally; ses – csmes – medan need see hese sand-ads pean efecvely. Me and bee nman ms be madeavalable by ndvdal medasab he sklls, capables and pesnales. Qaly and ans- paency wll enable medan w.

In August 2010, Proessor Sandernoted that as mediation has be-come more pervasive, it is unclearhow lay parties can evaluate thequality o mediators and that it isinadequate to just le he make de-cde. He concluded that we shouldbe headn wads sme knd ... sysem appasn he qal-y and cmpeency medas, a leas n ems eqn ann .A ew weeks later, the Associationor Conict Resolution (ACR) pub-lished dra Model Standards orMediation Certication Programsand invited comment rom its4,000 mediator members in (main-ly) the US.

I expect mediation service providers around the world to collabo-rate and buy into simple, non-bu-reaucratic and voluntary high-levelinternational competency, practiceand ethical standards. I believe me-diators will see the huge value inseeking eedback about their skillsrom users and peers and have itcondensed into an objective sum-mary by an independent person orinstitution or inclusion as a cred-ible part o their prole. I expectusers to rely less on gossip andhearsay when selecting mediators

and to ocus much more on usereedback summaries. Tis will ap-ply ar beyond mediation to includealmost all proessional services. ■

Michael Leathes1

be cnned

1 Michael Leathes, is a director o the In-ternational Mediation Institute (IMI) and

a ormer in-house counsel with a numbero international companies. Te views o-ered here are the author’s alone but he in-

vites comments rom all stakeholders in themediation eld to encourage debate on theprogression o mediation towards an inter-national proession. Michael can be reached

via “Contact Us” at the IMI portal – www.IMImediation.org.




M e d i er e aî n pr a c t i c ă

25

MEDIErEA ÎN MArEA BrItANIE AstzIO analza cmpeena a scene mede dn MB asaz, dn pespecva CMC

De S Henry BrookePesedne al Cnsll Mede Cvle

Semnal academc al CMC, 20 anae 2010

PARA A II-A

MEDIErEA CIVILA sI COMErCIALA IN ANgLIA sI tArA gALILOrIn cele din urma ma voi reeri

la medierea civila si comerciala inAnglia si ara Galilor. 1989 tindesa e identicat ca anul in care eaa aparut in Anglia. Cativa avocatienglezi urmareau ce se intampla inStatele Unite ale Americii si Canadasi au vrut sa realizeze acelasi lucrusi aici. Pana atunci, ADR, inclusiv medierea, era deja stabilita ca mate-rie pentru studiul academic in uni-

versitatile din Statele Unite. Candam tinut un discurs in Moscovaacum doua luni, Lela Love, directo-rul programului pentru rezolvareaconictelor la Facultatea de DreptCardozo, mi-a spus ca 1989 a ostanul cand studiul ADR a ost in-trodus in materia acultatii. CandHazel Genn i-a dat cursul Hamlynin mediere anul trecut, majoritateanotelor sale de subsol aceau reeri-re la surse academice din SUA.

Scena americana este completdierita de a noastra, incat am ezi-tat mereu sa ma reer prea mult laamericanii care au scris despre acest

domeniu. Medieri gratuite in bazainstantelor sunt oarte des intalnitepentru ca in SUA instantele civile aude departe resurse mai bune, deoa-rece primesc sume substantiale dinbani publici, nu numai ca subventiipentru nevoiasi. Dinamica litigii-lor si a medierii acolo este completdierita, pentru ca nu exista intele-geri in privinta schimbului de cos-turi, exista dreptul constitutionalla un proces cu juriu, exista ajutorsocial sustinut din onduri publice(suprapus peste un anumit volumde munca pro bono) si o cultura a

acordurilor privind taxele posibile;si mai presus de toate, exista o cul-tura antreprenoriala aducatoare deprot mult mai avansata, care s-araspandit si asupra pietii medierii.

Oricum, CEDR si Grupul ADR au ost lansate in 1989, si pana la in-ceputul anilor ’90, judecatorii Cur-tii Comerciale incepusera practicaamanarilor, pentru a vedea dacaacele cazuri pot rezolvate in aaracurtii prin intermediul ADR, inclu-siv medierea. Lordul Wool a ostcoplesit de entuziastii ADR atuncicand a realizat studiul sau asupra

Accesului la Justitie in 1994-1996,iar lozoa pe care o promova a ostreectata de CPR in 1999, care cerepartilor sa coopereze atat intre elecat si cu instanta, pentru a ajungela un obiectiv suprem. Imputerni-ceau de asemenea instanta sa tina

seama de comportamentul partiloratunci cand luau decizii in legaturacu costurile.

In 2002, in Dnne vs Ralack,am sustinut la Curtea de Apel ca oparte implicata in apel nu poate pursi simplu sa ignore sugestia instan-tei de a incerca varianta medierii,ara a explica de ce. Doi ani maitarziu, in Halsey , un alt complet alinstantei a stabilit regulile de bazacare sunt si azi in vigoare. Instantelepot incuraja medierea, dar nu o potordona.

APArItIA CMCPana la acel moment, piata medi-

erii civile incepuse sa se ragmente-ze, iar 2002 a ost anul cand lideriimedierii civile si comerciale auost convinsi sa se adune impreunasub presidentia lui Sir Brian Neill,pentru a discut despre modul incare comunitatea poate mentine unront unit in promovarea medieriicivile si comerciale printr-o singura

voce, care de altel sa vorbeasca siguvernelor si altor institutii. Aceas-ta a dus la crearea unui comitetinterimar, iar intalnirile sale au de-terminat adoptarea unei Constitu-

tii pentru un Consiliu al MedieriiCivile in decembrie 2003. Procesele verbale ale acestor intalniri se potregasi pe websiteul CMC si reectamodul in care s-au desasurat dez-baterile la acel moment.

Constitutia nou adoptata preve-dea un Consiliu director compusdintr-un numar egal de urnzori simediatori individuali – cate 5 dinecare. De asemenea, includea sireprezentanti ai Consiliului Barou-lui si ai Societatii de Drept, ai douadepartamente guvernamentale(atunci numite DCA si DI) si doi

membri academici alesi. Consiliulisi alege presedintele, care de obicei,dar nu obligatoriu, este un judeca-tor pensionat.

ACOrDUL DE sErVICIU PUBLIC AL DCA

In acele zile, exista o presiuneintensa asupra Departamentuluide Aaceri Constitutionale (DCA)din partea HM reasury. In Bilan-tul Cheltuielilor Departamentalepe 2002, aceasta a reuzat sa au-torizeze ondurile mult necesarein aza urmatoare a modernizarii

programului I pentru instantelede civil si amilie. In schimb, prinintermediul asa-zisului Acord deServiciu Public cu DCA a cerutde apt departamentului sa reducanumarul de cazuri care veneau ininstanta pentru solutionare si nu-

MEDIAtION IN tHE UK tODAy An ahave evew he UK medan scene day m he CMC’s pespecve

By S Henry BrookeChaman he Cvl Medan Cncl

CMC Academc Semna, 20h Janay 2010

SCOND PAR

CIVIL AND COMMErCIAL MEDIA- tION IN ENgLAND AND wALEsI turn nally to civil and commer-

cial mediation in England and Wa-les. 1989 tends to be identied asthe year when it came to England.A ew English lawyers saw what washappening in the United States andCanada and wanted to do the samething here. By then ADR, includingmediation, was already establishedas a subject or serious academicstudy in United States universities.When I was speaking in Moscow two months ago, Lela Love, whois the director o a programme orconict resolution at the CardozoLaw School, told me that 1989 wasthe year when the study o ADR was introduced into the curriculumthere. When Hazel Genn gave herHamlyn Lecture in mediation lastyear, most o her ootnote reeren-ces are to US academic sources.

Te US scene is so entirely dife-rent rom ours that I have alwaysbeen hesitant about reerring toomuch to US writers in this eld.Free court-based mediations are

very oen encountered because theUS civil courts are ar better reso-urced, since they receive substantial

volumes o taxpayer unding, notonly as subsidies or the indigent.Te dynamics o litigation andmediation over there are entirely diferent because there are no ar-rangements or costs shiing, thereis a constitutional right to jury trial,there is vestigial publicly unded ci-

vil legal aid (matched by a certainamount o pro bono work) and acontingency ee agreement culture;and, above all, there is a ar more

advanced entrepreneurial prot-making business culture which hasspread to the mediation market aswell.

Anyhow, CEDR and the ADR Group were launched in 1989, andby the early nineties CommercialCourt judges had started the prac-tice o ordering stays on cases to seei they could be settled out o courtby ADR, including mediation. LordWool was besieged by ADR enthu-siasts when he conducted his study on Access to Justice in 1994-6, andthe philosophy he espoused was re-

ected by the CPR in 1999 whichrequire parties to co-operate witheach other and the court in achie-

ving the overriding objective. Tey also empower the court to take theparties’ conduct into account whentaking decisions about costs.

In 2002 in Dunnett v Railtrack we held in the Court o Appeal thata party to an appeal could not sim-ply ignore a court’s suggestion thatmediation should be attemptedwithout explaining why. wo yearslater, in Halsey, a diferent panelo the court set out the ground ru-les which are still efective today.Courts can encourage mediation,perhaps in the strongest terms, butthey may not order it.

tHE EMErgENCE Of tHE CMCBy now the civil mediation mar-

ket had begun to splinter, and It wasalso in 2002 that leading lights inthe civil and commercial mediati-on world were persuaded to cometogether under the chairmanshipo Sir Brian Neill to discuss how that community could maintain aunited ront in promoting civil andcommercial mediation with a single

voice, and could also speak authori-tatively to Government and others.Tis led to the creation o an inte-rim committee, and its meetings ledup to the adoption o a Constituti-on or a Civil Mediation Councilin December 2003. Te minutes o

these meetings are all on the CMCwebsite and they reect the way thedebate ran at that time.

Te newly adopted Constitutionprovided or a Board containing anequal number o elected providermembers and individual media-tors – ve o each. It also includedrepresentatives o the Bar Counciland the Law Society, o two Go-

vernment Departments (then theDCA and the DI), and two elec-ted academic members. Te Boardwould elect its chairman who wo-uld usually but not necessarily be a

retired judge. tHE DCA’s PUBLIC sErVICE AgrEEMENt

In those days intense pressurewas being applied to the Depart-ment o Constitutional Afairs(DCA) by HM reasury. In the2002 Departmental Spending Re-

view it reused to sanction muchneeded expenditure on the nextphase o the I modernisation pro-gramme or the civil and amily courts. Instead under its so-calledPublic Service Agreement with the

DCA it actually required the de-partment to reduce the number o cases which came to a court or re-solution and to reduce the numbero court hearings. Te department’srepresentative would tell the CMC’sBoard rom time to time what a




M e d i e r e a î n p r a c t i c ă

26

marul de audieri. Reprezentantuldepartamentului trebuia sa inor-meze Consiliul CMC, din cand incand, despre ceea ce acea un Co-mitet numit PSA3 pentru a inde-plini aceste obiective. Promovareamedierii a jucat un rol importantin strategia departamentului, intr-o

vreme in care piata litigiilor nu eracu adevart pregatita pentru aceasta.Existau doua procese simultane indesasurare in acei ani de inceput aiCMC. Pe de o parte, DCA se stra-duia sa promoveze cat mai bine me-dierea atat in cazurile in care litigiulincepuse si instanta insasi incurajamedierea, dar si cazurile in care nuera implicat litigiul, dar una sauamandoua partile dintr-o disputadoreau medierea, dar nu stiau cumsa procedeze. Departamentul a cre-at Linia Nationala privind Medie-rea, un serviciu teleonic contractatcu un urnizor de mediere din aaraaunton. Era clar de la inceput caLinia nu putea unctiona daca de-partamentul nu avea incredere incalitatea urnizorilor care receptio-nau cazurile.

sCHEMA DE ACrEDItArE A CMCIn acelasi timp, CMC era nerab-

datoare sa stabilesca standard inscop propriu. S-a decis sa aca acestlucru impovorand urnizorii demediere cu monitorizarea standar-delor, in loc sa reglementeze media-torii direct, pentru care nu avea niciresursele necesare si nici responsa-

bilitate. In acele zile, numarul ur-nizorilor era chiar mic. In ianuarie2005, CMC avea numai 19 urnizorica membri. Potrivit Constitutieisale, putea coneri acreditare urni-zorilor, cat timp acestia plateau taxaobligatorie si demonstrau Consi-liului ca indeplineau standardelecerute de catre acesta, dupa cum sestabilea din cand in cand. Constitu-tia mai stipula :

“Mediatorii nu sunt acreditatide catre Consiliu. Mediatorii suntacreditati de catre Furnizorii deMediere Acreditati sau de [Consi-

liul Baroului sau de Societatea deDrept], care aplica aceleasi standar-de in acreditarea mediatorilor cacele cerute de catre Consiliul Furni-zorilor de Mediere Acreditati.”

Principala sarcina a Consiliuluicare a ost ales in 2004 era aceeade a decide care sa e standarde-le. In ceea ce priveste cerintele detraining, s-a decis adoptarea stan-dardelor care erau deja olosite decatre Societatea de Drept pentrumediatorii avocati. Prima Schemade Acreditare a CMC continea ur-matoarele stipulatii (care sunt si azi

in vigoare):(1) “mediatorii acreditati trebuiesa terminat cu succes un curs detraining evaluat

(2) acel curs trebuie sa includapregatire in etica, teoria medierii,practica medierii, negociere si exer-

citii de role-play.(3) daca mediatorul nu este cali-

cat proesional intr-o disciplina ceinclude si dreptul, mediatorul tre-buie sa demonstreze cunostinte debaza de drept contractual, in cazulin care mediatorul isi va asuma me-dieri civile sau comerciale.

(4) trebuie evaluate perormante-le in timpul sau la sarsitul cursuluide instruire

(5) cursul include nu mai putinde 24 de ore de instruire si role-play,urmate de o evaluare ormala.

(6) un urnizor de mediere acre-ditat poarta responsabilitatea camembrii au incheiat cu succes uncurs de instruire recunoscut si eva-luarea aerenta.” Se ace reerire laun curs de mediere “recunoscut,”dar Schema CMC nu a explicatce implica un curs recunoscut. Inpractica, existau putine nume cu-noscute pe piata urnizorilor detraining in medierea civila si co-merciala, unul sau doua nume maiadaugandu-se in timp. Atat timpcat cursul era condus de catre unurnizor acreditat si satisacea aces-te criterii mai degraba limitate, erasucient pentru CMC.

DOMENIUL DE INtErEs AL CMCCare erau ariile din cadrul me-

dierii de care CMC era interesata?Primele procese verbale arata caexista o adevarat dezbatere in lega-tura cu denirea cuvantului “medi-ere,” pentru trebuinta Constitutiei.

Unii credeau ca denitia ar trebuisa e exclusiva – orice tip de medi-ere, cu exceptia medierii de amilies.a.m.d - sau inclusiva, aici cuvantulinsemnand tipurile de mediere spe-cicate in Constitutie. In cele dinurma, abordarea inclusiva a avutcastig de cauza. Era de la sine inte-les ca, datorita aptului ca mediereade amilie si de vecinatate aveaupropriile sale organizatii, CMC nule va acoperi.

In acest sens, articolul 2.1 dinConstitutie mentioneaza ca “medi-erea” inseamna mediere si tehnici

inrudite de rezolvarea a disputeloraplicate in ariile de drept cuprinsede articolul 60. Articolul 60, la ran-dul sau, include dreptul civil (altuldecat cel amilial); dreptul comer-cial, dreptul reeritor la angajare;la sport; dreptul public si adminis-trativ; dreptul reglementar; dreptulprivind consumatorii; impreuna cuorice alte arii care sunt adaugatelistei de 75% dintre cei prezenti sicare voteaza la intalnirile ociale.

sCOPUL CMCScopul CMC, dupa cum este

exprimat in Constitutie, este acelade a reprezenta interesele comu-ne ale urnizorilor de mediere inpromovarea medierii; acest scop serealizeaza prin indeplinirea obiecti-

velor Consiliului si in general prinimbunatatirea nivelului de intele-

Committee called PSA3 was doingto achieve this aim. Te promotiono mediation played an importantpart o the department’s strategy, ata time when the litigation marketwas not really ready or it.

Tere were two processes goingon simultaneously in those early years o the CMC. On the one handthe DCA was working out how bestto promote mediation both in thecases where litigation had begunand the court itsel encouraged me-diation, and also in the cases wherethere was no l itigation involvementbut one or both the parties to adispute wanted to mediate but didnot know how to set about it. TeDepartment devised the NationalMediation Helpline, a call serviceit contracted to a mediation provi-der outside aunton. It was obvio-us rom the start that the Helplinecould not work unless the Depart-ment had condence in the quality o the providers to whom cases wo-uld be reerred.

tHE CMC’s ACCrEDItAtIONsCHEME

At the same time the CMC was inany event anxious to set standardsor its own purposes. It decided todo so by placing the burden o po-licing standards on the mediationproviders, rather than by regulatingmediators directly, or which it hadneither the resources nor the remit.In those days the number o provi-

ders was airly small. As recently asJanuary 2005 the CMC only had 19provider members. Under its Con-stitution it could bestow accredita-tion on providers so long as they paid the requisite ee and satisedthe Board that they, the providers,met the standards required by theBoard, as determined rom time totime. Te Constitution also prescri-bed that:

“Mediators are not accredited by the Council. Mediators are accredi-ted by Accredited Mediation Provi-ders or [the Bar Council or the Law

Society], who are to apply the samestandards in accrediting mediatorsas those required by the Board o Accredited Mediation Providers.”

Te main task o the Board thatwas elected in 2004 was to decidewhat those standards should be. Soar as training requirements wereconcerned, it decided to adopt thetraining standards already beingoperated by the Law Society orsolicitor mediators, which the BarCouncil had also adopted or bar-rister mediators. Te CMC’s rstAccreditation Scheme contained

these provisions (which are still inefect today):(1) “An Accredited Mediation

Provider’s mediators must havesuccessully completed an assessedtraining course.

(2) Tat course must include

training in ethics, mediation theo-ry, mediation practice, negotiation,and role play exercises.

(3) I the mediator is not pro-essionally qualied in a disciplinewhich includes law, the mediatormust demonstrate a grasp o basiccontract law i he/she is to underta-ke civil or commercial mediations.

(4) Perormance during or oncompletion o training must beassessed.

(5) Te training course will in-clude not less than 24 hours o tu-ition and role-play ollowed by aormal assessment.

(6) An Accredited MediationProvider bears the responsibility o being satised that members havein act successully completed a re-cognised mediation training courseand assessment.”

Reerence is made to a “recog-nised” mediation training course,but the CMC’s Scheme has neverexplained what recognition entai-led. In practice there were a ew well known names in the civil andcommercial mediation market pro-

viding training courses, with one ortwo more joining as time went on.So long as the course was run by anaccredited provider and satisedthese airly limited criteria, this wasgood enough or the CMC.

tHE CMC’s DEfINED fIELD Of INtErEst

What areas o mediation did the

CMC concern itsel with? Te early minutes show that there was a lively debate about the denition o theword “mediation” or the purpo-ses o the Constitution. Tere weresome who thought that the deniti-on should be exclusionary – every type o mediation except amily mediation and so on - or inclusio-nary, whereby the word meant thetypes o mediation specied in theConstitution. In the end the inclusi-onary approach won the argument.It was common ground that beca-use amily mediation and commu-

nity mediation possessed their ownorganisations, the CMC would notcover them.

Accordingly Article 2.1 o theConstitution provides that “medi-ation” means mediation and rela-ted dispute resolution techniquesapplied in the areas o law listed inArticle 60. Article 60, or its part,lists civil law (other than amily law); commercial law; employmentlaw; sports law; public and admi-nistrative law; regulatory law; andconsumer law; together with any other areas that are added to the list

by a 75% majority o those presentand voting at a general meeting.

tHE CMC’s PUrPOsETe CMC’s purpose, as expre-

ssed in its Constitution, was to re-present the common interests o





27

gere privind olosirea si aplicareamedierii. Obiectivele sale specicesunt experimate in termeni oartegenerali, tinand mereu cont de sen-sul limitat dat cuvantului “mediere.”Patru dintre ele ar trebui sa e oar-te interesante:

■ sa e un punct ocal pentruintelegerea impartiala si academicaa aspectelor ce implica medierea sialte tehnici de rezolvarea a dispu-telor;

■ sa e o entitate care sa inainte-ze si sa desemneze cercetari despreolosirea si aplicarea medierii si alteoptiuni de rezolvare a conictelor;

■ sa e un orum de dezbateripe tema medierii, inclusiv prin or-ganizarea anuala de conerinte siseminarii;

■ sa creeze si sa puna la dispozi-tie o biblioteca online cu inormatiidespre mediere si alte optiuni derezolvarea a conictelor, inclusiv metode de practica, entitatile acre-ditoare si urnizori.

Alte trei obiective ale CMC aratapreocuparea sa pentru mediere incontextul particular al avocatilor silitigiilor:

■ sa e o entitate neutra si inde-pendenta pentru a reprezenta si aurniza mediere civila si comercialasi alte optiuni de rezolvarea a con-citelor ca alternativa la litigiu si deaici sa promoveze reorma dreptu-lui si accesul la justitie pentru pu-blicul larg;

■ sa e o poarta de acces pentru

utilizatorii posibili de mediere sialte optiuni de rezolvarea a conic-telor, incluzand judecatori, avocatisi publicul larg;

■ sa stabileasca si sa promovezeintelegerea complete a medierii si aaltor optiuni de rezolvare a dispute-lor, in randul instantelor, avocatilorsi publicului larg, incluzand metodede acces, benecii nanciare si sim-plicitatea procedurii de mediere.

Poate, cel mai important obiectiv exprimat:

■ sa creeze o cultura a celei maibune practici prin incurajarea cer-

cetarii, educarea continua si stan-darde calitative in domeniu; prinemiterea de coduri de buna practi-ca si prin conducerea activitatii deacreditare a urnizorilor de medieresi prin intermediul lor a mediatori-lor individuali.

Nu numai de dragul nalitatii,adaug ultimele sale trei obiective:

■ [un rol de lobby] sa identicesi sa aca lobby pentru prevederilelegale si reglementatoare eective,in scopul de a sustine medierea siolosirea sa; si sa oere guvernuluisi altora interesati acces la analizele

comunitatii medierii ca un intreg;■ [un rol urnizor de inorma-tii] sa adune si sa oere inormatiipotrivite despre mediere si alteoptiuni de rezolvare a concitelor,incluzand si cai de acces la serviciisi practicanti.

■ [un rol de cooperare] sa coo-pereze cu toate celalalte entitati re-levante, persoane sau departamen-te, pentru indeplinirea obiectivelor.

ExPErIMENtE BAzAtE PEINstANtE

Ma intorc acum inapoi la istorie.Departamentul a trebuit sa decidace sa aca in legatura cu medieriletranserate de catre instante. Existauputine scheme bazate pe instante,conduse de catre entuziasti locali aimedierii, cu incurajarea si suportuldedicat al judecatorilor locali, darnumarul acestora era mic. Motiva-rea PSA3 a permis departamentuluisa investeasca in experimente dedierite cazuri de mediere bazatepe instante. Fiecare dintre acestescheme era sustinuta de o evaluareacademica independenta, si ecareexplora dierite abordari, pentru a

vedea ce merge. Astel, o schemaManchester experimenta cu un sin-gur mediator conducand mediereareclamatiilor mici; o schema Exeterexperimenta cu un grup de media-tori avocati entuziasti; o schema Re-ading se axa pe oerirea de saturi siinormatii despre reclamatiile micipentru justitiabilii nereprezentati.Mai era si schema Londra Centrala,condusa de catre Hazel Genn, careexperimenta cazuri de mediere dic-tate de instanta in cazurile potrivite(la care apoi partile puteau obiecta).Departamentul a mai investit si indoua Saptamani dedicate Constien-

tizarii Medierii, organizate in 2005si 2006, in eortul de a atrage atentiaasupra medierii, printre avocati si

judecatori, dar si publicul larg.Un jargon inspirit de rezorerie

apare la pagina 38 din cadrul ra-portului Departamental al DCA peanul 2005-2006:

Reclamatiile mici“Suntem in aza de pilot pentru

un numar de noi servicii posibile(gratuite catre orice utilizator) pen-tru a ajuta in stabilirea celor maibune metode de a ajuta persoaneleimplicate in dispute mai mici sa-si

solutioneze cazurile inainte de au-diere. Programele pilot vor operaun an inainte de a analizate, sisperam sa incepem implementareamodelul ideal in aprilie 2007.

Succesul acestor initiative estemasurat in timpul SR02 de catrePSA tinta 3 si in timpul SR04 dePSA tinta 5 (masura 2). Produsulnal al PSA tinta 3 este disponibilin capitolul 10, iar date in legaturacu PSA tinta 5 sunt disponibile incapitolul 2.”

Capitolul 10 mentioneaza ca tin-ta agreata de reducere a numarului

de cazuri rezolvate la audieri (incomparatie cu numarul de cazurirezolvate inainte) cu 1,9% a ostatins cu succes, deoarece acele ca-zuri au ost reduse de la 48.9% nula 47%, ci la 41.1%. Numarul audie-rilor a ost si el redus cu un procent

mediation providers and mediatorsin promoting mediation; to do sothrough the perormance o theCouncil’s objects, and generally by improving the understanding o theuses and application o mediation.Its specic objects are expressed in

very general terms, rememberingalways the limited meaning givento the word “mediation”. Four o them should be very attractive toacademics:

■ o be a ocal point or the im-partial and learned consideration o issues surrounding mediation andother dispute resolution techniqu-es;

■ o urther and be a commissi-oning body or research into the useand application o mediation andother dispute resolution options;

■ o be a orum or debatingissues surrounding mediation in-cluding through an annual series o conerences and seminars;

■ o assemble and make gene-rally available an impartial onlinelibrary o inormation about medi-ation and other dispute resolutionoptions including practice methods,accrediting bodies and providers.

Tree more o its specic objectsshow the CMC to be very concer-ned with mediation in the particu-lar context o lawyers and litigation:

■ o be a neutral and indepen-dent body to represent and providecivil and commercial mediationand other dispute resolution opti-

ons as alternatives to litigation andthereby to oster law reorm and ac-cess to justice or the general public;

■ o be a portal or access by potential users o and reerrers tomediation and other dispute re-solution options including judges,lawyers and the general public;

■ o establish and oster theullest understanding among the

judiciary, lawyers and the generalpublic o mediation and other dis-pute resolution options, includingmeans o access, cost benets andthe simplicity o mediation proce-

dure.Perhaps its most important object is expressed in these terms:

■ o create a culture o best prac-tice by encouraging research, con-tinuing education and quality stan-dards in the eld; by issuing codeso good practice; and by conductingaccreditation o mediation provi-ders and through them individualmediators.

Not only or the sake o comple-teness I add its nal three objects;

■ [A lobbying role] o identiy and lobby or efective legal and re-

gulatory provisions to support me-diation and its efective use; and toofer to government and others ac-cess to the considered views o themediation community as a whole;

■ [An inormation-providingrole] o collate and ofer appropri-

ate inormation on and about me-diation and other dispute resoluti-on options including the means o access to services and practitioners.

■ [A liaison role] o liaise withall other relevant bodies, personsand departments or the achieve-ment o its purposes.

COUrt-BAsED ExPErIMENtsI now go back to the history.

Te Department now had to deci-de what to do about court reerredmediation. Tere were a ew court-based schemes, run by local medi-ation enthusiasts with the encou-ragement and committed supporto the local judges, but these wereew and ar between. Te PSA3 in-centive allowed the Department toinvest in experiments o diferenttypes o court-based mediation.Each o these schemes was suppor-ted by independent academic eva-luation, and each explored diferentapproaches to see what worked.Tus a Manchester scheme expe-rimented with a single mediatorconducting all the small claims me-diations himsel; an Exeter schemeexperimented with a local groupo enthusiastic lawyer mediators; ascheme at Reading ocused on gi-

ving advice and inormation aboutthe small claims process to unrepre-sented litigants. Tere was also theCentral London scheme, observedby Hazel Genn, which was now experimenting with court-directed

mediation in suitable cases (to whi-ch the parties could then object).Te Department also invested intwo Mediation Awareness Weeks,in 2005 and 2006, in an efort to rai-se awareness o the value o media-tion, among lawyers and judges andamong the public generally.

reasury-inspired gobbledy-dook appears on page 38 o theDCA Departmental Report or2005-6:

Small Claims“We are piloting a number o po-

tential new services (ree o charge

to users) to help establish the bestways to help people with lower va-lue disputes settle their cases beorea 10 court hearing. Te pilots willrun or a year beore being assessed,and we aim to begin implementingthe preerred model in April 2007.

Te success o these initiativesis measured during SR02 by PSAtarget 3 and during SR04 by PSAtarget 5 (measure 2). PSA target 3nal outturn is available in Chapter10 and data on PSA target 5 is avai-lable in chapter 2.”

Chapter 10 tells us that the agreed

target o reducing the proportion o deended cases that were resolvedby a hearing (as opposed to beingsettled beorehand) by 1.9% was tri-umphantly achieved, because thosecases were reduced rom 48.9% notto 47%, but to 41.1%. Court hea-





28

chiar mai mare decat tinta de 9,3%.Capitolul 2, care ace reerire lanoua perioada de revizuire a chel-tuielilor, mentiona o noua tinta carecerea Departamentului “sa creascaoportunitatile pentru ca oameniiimplicati in cazuri de instant sa-sirezolve conictele in aara curtii.”Aici lucrurile erau mai putin bune,deoarece in loc de reducerea plani-cata de la 40.5% la 38.5% pentrucazurile care erau rezolvate la au-dieri, numarul a crescut la 41.3%.otusi, Departamentul explica:“rezultatele se asteapta sa ramana<plate> in 2005-2006, cu un impactal activitatilor pe anii 2006-2007 si2007-2008.”

In anul urmator, cira s-a redus la40.7%, cu mentiunea ca “rezultateles-au imbunatatit semnicativ diniulie 2006 si vor in continuare sus-tinute de nivelul national al servici-ilor de mediere pentru reclamatiimici in 2007-2008”. Cel mai recentraport, un raport de perormantadin toamna lui 2009, identica onoua tinta de atingere a unei rate derezolvare a cazurilor civile de 65%.Aceasta a ost usor atinsa, cira ra-portata la jumatatea anului inddeja de 74%.

Mentionez toate acestea pentruca cirele ilustreaza in mod realproblemele cu care judecatorii sisei instantelor se conrunta inecare zi. otul se rezuma la a ob-tine cirele de pus in tabele, pentrua satisace rezoreria, la cantitatearezultatelor si nu la calitate lor, sila taierea oportunitatilor pentru

judecatori de a-si conduce audierilecu avocatii prezenti (in comparatiecu conerintele teleonice imperso-nale, din ce in ce mai numeroase).Nimic din acestea nu are legaturacu calitatea procesului de acord(mai ales in legatura cu reclamatiilemai mari), nemaivorbind de stadiulprocesului judiciar in care este obti-nut acordul si de economiile acutede partile implicate si concomitentsi de instante, prin incheierea unuiacord devreme. In acelasi timp cuproducerea acestor cire alunecoa-se, increderea in instante, acolo deunde vin majoritatea cirelor, era laun nivel inerior din cauza taierilornanciare. Descrierile JudecatorilorCivili Desemnati (DCJs) despre sta-rea de apt din Londra, Manchester,Birmingham si Exter, patru din-tre instantele care au luat in seriosschemele de mediere, aratau astel:

2006-7 2007-8

L

o n d r a

oate instantele unc-tioneaza zilnic cu unnumar de angajati re-dus, cateodata oartesemnicativ. Zile pier-

dute pentru concediumedical 8.833. 1,965din aceste zile sunt atri-buite stresului.

Personalul instantelor continua sa e oproblema serioasa. Cu doua exceptii,cu cat e mai mare apropierea de centrulLondrei, cu atat e mai mare problema.Armatia unui manager cand se reerea

la aptul ca lucrurile s-au imbunatatit“acum ca veniturile personalului s-au re-dus cu 22%” spune de apt totul.

B i r m i n g h a m

Exista o limita a mun-cii depuse de o orta demunca in continua sca-dere, inainte de o scade-re complea a moralului.

(Am spus anul trecut): “Cred acum ca,in ciuda celor mai bune demersuri aleadministratorilor locali, suntem acumaproape de punctul limita”. Aceasta ob-servatie continua sa se aplice.

E x e t e r

Au ost multe uctuatiide personal, concediimedicale de lunga du-rata, rezultand putinpersonal cu experienta.

Exeter a intampinat dicultati in re-crutarea si pastrarea personalului si inprezent se aa in stare de sub-resursa,gasindu-se in imposibilitate sa acoperelocurile libere in timp util.

M a n c h e s t e r Orice ar arata statistici-le, operatiunile instan-

tei scartaie la cusaturi.

(Este descrisa deschiderea noului Cen-tru Civil de Justitie). Intr-o nota pozi-tiva, noul mediu pare sa imbunatatitatragerea personalului.

Cnnaea n nmal ma

rings were also reduced by an ex-tent even greater than a 9.3% target.Chapter 2, which related to a new Spending Review period, reerredto a new target which required theDepartment “to increase the oppor-tunities or people involved in courtcases to settle their disputes out o court”. Here things were less goodbecause instead o the targeted re-duction rom 40.5% to 38.5% in theproportion o disputed claims in thecourts that were ultimately resolvedby a hearing, the number went up to41.3%. However the Department ex-plains: “Perormance was expectedto remain ‘at’ in 2005-6, with theimpact o planned activities beingdelivered over 2006-7 and 2007-8.”

In the ollowing year the gurewas down to 40.7%, with the com-ment that “perormance has im-proved signicantly since July 2006and will be urther boosted throughthe national roll-out o small claimsmediation services in 2007-8”. Telatest report, an Autumn 2009 per-ormance report, identies a new target o achieving a 65% resoluti-on rate o civil cases. Tis has easily been achieved, the reported hal-year gure being 74%.

I mention all this because the -gures illustrate vividly the problemsthat judges and court managers inour civil courts ace on a day to day basis. All the emphasis is placed onachieving numbers to put in boxes tomake the reasury happy, on quantity o output, not quality, and on cuttingdown the opportunities or judges toconduct hearings with lawyers pre-sent (as opposed to the more imper-sonal telephone conerences). Tereis nothing in all this about the quality o the settlement process (particularly in relation to higher value claims), letalone the stage o the judicial processat which the settlement is achievedand the concomitant savings to theparties and the courts that is achie-

ved by early settlement. At the sametime as these glossy gures were be-ing produced, morale in the county courts, rom which the gures largely come, was at rock-bottom because o nancial cuts. Te descriptions o theDesignated Civil Judges (DCJs) o thestate o afairs in London, Manches-ter, Birmingham and Exeter, ourcourts which took their court-basedmediation schemes seriously, were asollows:

2006-7 2007-8

L o n d o n

All courts operate on aday to day basis below complement, some-times very signicantly so. Days lost through

staf sickness were 8,833.1,965 o these days wereattributed to stress.

Te stang o the courts continues tobe a serious problem. With [two excep-tions, the nearer to central London thegreater the problem. When a managerreers to the act that things have im-

proved “now that staf turnover is downto 22%” it really says it all.

B i r m i n g h a m

Tere is a limit to how much work can be in-duced out o an everdecreasing work orcewithout a completebreakdown in morale

[I said last year]: “I now believe that, inspite o the best endeavours o local ad-ministrators, we are now close to break-ing point.” Tat observation continues toapply.

E x e t e r

Tere were high staf turnover, long termstaf sickness, and re-sulting shortages o ex-perienced staf.

Exeter has experienced diculties withthe recruitment and retention o staf and is currently under-resourced as ithas proved impossible to ll vacancies ina timely manner.

M a n c h e s t e r Whatever the statisticsshow, the court’s op-

erations are creakingat the seams. Moraleis low.

[Te opening o the large new Civil Jus-tice Centre is described]. On a positivenote, the new environment appears tohave improved staf retention

be cnned





29

PUNCt DE VEDErE AL AsOCIAţI-EI CENtrUL DE MEDIErE BUzăU

rEfErItOr LA PrOPUNErILEDE MODIfICArE r.O.f.

Oprima observatie de ansam-blu este aceea ca, din punctulde vedere al modului general

de prezentare putem arata ca esteincomplete, avand doar cateva marisectiuni printre care si despre Con-siliul de Mediere si Organizatiileproesionale. Din toata structuraacestui R.O.F. care intelegem case doreste a un regulament deorganizare si unctionare a Consi-liului de Mediere, al institutiei, sideducem ca prevederile acestuia seextind si asupra mediatorilor, dar siasupra asociatiilor proesionale.

Credem ca regulamentul de or-ganizare si unctionare trebuie saapartina institutiei care si-l asuma,il propune si il mai si voteaza astelincat celelalte capitole cu privire laorganizarea proesiei, asociatiileproesionale si altele trebuie sa acaobiectul unor lucrari separate astelincat, ori de cate ori este nevoie deajustari, sa nu se ia in discutie acestact de care mediatorii oricum nuau cunostinta. Publicarea vechiu-lui regulament dupa modicare pesite a avut loc in luna ianuarie 2011,ocazie cu care am aat ca se modi-

ca din nou, ceea ce da impresia deinstabilitate proesionala.Propunem urmatoarele:1. Fiind in discutie un regu-

lament de organizare siunctionare a unei institutii,acesta este propriu aceleiinstitutii, nu unei proesii;de aceea propunem exclu-derea capitolelor ce nu sereera la Consiliul de Me-diere.

In schimb propunem ca celereeritoare la proesia de mediatorsa e cuprinse si discutate separat

in cadrul unei lucrari ample de ti-pul “S M” carepe langa conditiile de autorizare,publicitate si de alta natura sa ia indiscutie si posibilitatea inintariiunui , onduri platibi-le lunar de ecare care sa permitacumularea veniturilor si iesirea lapensie din proesie.

2. Atributiile Consiliului deMediere sunt mult preamulte, astel ca este de doritca ecienta decizionala sanu aiba de suerit si propu-

nem prin acest regulament j- - C M – din care sa acaparte mediatori autorizaticu expertiza din ecare ju-

det, iar parte din atributiileprevazute sa e delegatecatre aceste structuri – spreexemplu autorizarea sa eacuta de aceste structuripentru grabirea ritmuluide autorizare. Se poate acetotul prin programe de cal-culator specice care sa ein legatura cu Consiliul deMediere.

3. Art. 29 este neericit or-mulat. M - , iar inconditiile in care partile nudoresc ca medierea sa sedesasoare in cadrul xatde mediator, atunci inseam-na din economia textului canu se poate ace medierea.

4. Prevederile de R.O.F. cuprivire la Asociatiile pro-esionale sunt mult prearestrictive si nu pot decatsa aduca deservicii proesi-ei in general si medierii cainstitutie in particular.

Exista asociatii inintate de oar-te multi ani cum este si Centrul deMediere Buzau care are in compo-

nenta persoane care, desi au absolvitcursul de ormare, nu s-au autorizat.N - .

Iata un exemplu: Asociatia X do-reste sa e organizatie proesionalainsa autorizarea membrilor sai esteincetinita inclusiv de rata mica deautorizari si de sedintele Comisieipermanente care au loc o data peluna. Pe de alta parte nu pot ex-clusi membrii care nu pot sau nudoresc sa se autorizeze. Intr-o altaordine de idei, din asociatie ac

parte si membri ondatori care deregula nu pot exclusi si nici nu lise poate impune, autorizarea ind ooptiune personala. In aceste condi-tii nu poate nimeni o organizatieproesionala.

O alta problema ar aceea aabsolventilor de curs care nu inde-plinesc criteriul vechimii in muncasi care, desi doresc sa se autorizeze,nu pot.

Solutia ar de - - .

Nici celelalte criterii nu suntbenece medierii ca atare, iar spreexemplu - -

POINt Of VIEw Of BUzAU ME-DIAtION CENtEr AssOCIAtION

rEfErrINg tO tHE PrOPOsALsON r.O.f. MODIfICAtION

A rst overall observation isthat, in terms o general pre-sentation mode, we could

demonstrate that it is incomplete,having only ew larger sections,which include one about the Me-diation Center and the ProessionalOrganizations. Out o its structure,which we understand is intended tobe an organizing and unctioningregulation o the Mediation Coun-cil, we conclude that its stipulationsalso extend to mediators and theproessional associations.

We believe that the internal rulesand regulations need to belong tothe institution that assumes, propo-ses and votes them, thus the otherchapters regarding the organizationo proession, proessional asso-ciations and others need to be theobject o separate works, so that,each time adjustments are needed,this paper, about which mediatorsdo not even know, should not be ta-ken into discussion. Te publishingon the website o the old regulationtook place in January 2011, whenwe ound out that it was going to bemodied again, this leading to the

idea o proessional instability.We propose the ollowing:1. Due to the act that we dis-

cuss about internal rules andregulations o an institution,this regulation belongs tothat institution, not to a pro-ession, thereore we propo-se the exclusion o the chap-ters that make no reerenceto the Mediation Council.

In return, we propose that therules reerring to the mediatorproession should be gathered anddiscussed separately within a com-

plex work, such as the “S M”, which, apart romauthorization, advertisement andany other nature, it should also takeinto discussion the possibility o es-tablishing , unds paidmonthly by each, that allows theaccumulation o income and retire-ment rom the proession.

2. Te attributions o the Me-diation Council are too nu-merous, thus we don’t wantthe decisional eciency beafected, that is why we pro-

pose through this regulation M C’ – which should includeauthorized mediators withexpertise rom each county,

a part o attributions beingdelegated to these structu-res – or example authoriza-tion could be made by thesestructures, in order to speedup the authorization rate.Everything can be donethrough I programs, whi-ch should be in contact withthe Mediation Council.

3. Art. 29 is ormulated regret-tably. M -- and in case par-ties do not wish mediationto be perormed within theramework settled by themediator, this means thatmediation cannot be done.

4. Te stipulations o the In-ternal Rules concerning theproessional associations areway too restrictive and canonly bring disadvantages tothe proession in general andto mediation as institution.

Tere are associations establishedmany years ago, such as the BuzauMediation Center, which includespeople that have not authorized,although they graduated rom the

training course. W , .

Here is an example: AssociationX wants to be a proessional orga-nization, however the authorizationprocess or their members is sloweddown, including by the small rate o authorizations and the meetings o the permanent Commission whichhappen once a month. On the otherhand, members who cannot or donot want to become authorized can-not be excluded. In another line, the

association also includes the oun-ding members, who usually cannotbe excluded or be compelled, asauthorization is a personal choice.Under these conditions, no one canbe a proessional organization.

Another problem that might beraised is that o graduates who donot ulll the criteria related to se-niority, and who cannot authorizealthough they would like that.

Te solution would be - - .

Neither the other criteria are be-necial to mediation as such, andor example ,





30

, - x .

Nici criteriile de la punctele c si dale art. 85 nu sunt sucient de clare.

Facand un comentariu si asupraliterelor urmatoare si g se poateobserva ca in aceste conditii sedistruge bruma de activitate pecare asociatiile o au si va dam unexemplu concret. M

j - 202/2010 ,

-. j

, .

Nu se poate exclude din obiectulde activitate al asociatiilor orma-rea, intrucat mediatorii sunt obli-gati la ormare continua, iar odatace o astel de activitate ar prestatacu un urnizor de ormare autorizat,atunci beneciile ar evidente pen-tru membrii asociati.

In aceste conditii trebuie oarteclar aratat ca cel putin prin acesteprevederi asociatiile vor exclusedin randul celor proesionale, pen-tru ca niciodata nu vor putea inde-plini criteriile in dicutie. ■

AscaaCenl de Medee Bza

Pesedne Dorin Badulescu

- ’ .

Te criteria rom paragraphs cand d o art. 85 are not suciently clear as well.

Commenting also upon theollowing paragraphs, and g, onecan notice that under these condi-tions, the little activity run by the-se associations is quite destroyed.Here is a clear example. M , , -, 202/2010, , , . G , ,

, -

, .

Te training cannot be exclu-ded rom the association’s objecto activity, as mediators are obligedto continuous training, and oncethis activity is perormed with anauthorized training supplier, thenthe benets would be obvious orthe associate members.

Under these circumstances, itmust be very clearly pointed out thatby these stipulations, the associationswill be excluded rom the proessio-nal ones, as they would never be ableto ulll the requested criteria. ■

Bza Medan Cene Asscan

Chaman Dorin Badulescu

MEDIErEA — UN PIC MAI BINEPENtrU DUMNEAVOAstrA, UNPIC MAI BINE PENtrU jUstItIE

In ziua de astazi, majoritatea con-ictelor ajung in salile de judeca-ta, unde justitiabilul pierde timp,

bani, iar rezultatele nu pot întot-deauna cele asteptate. Mai mult de-cat atat, castigarea unui proces nu

duce la stingerea conictului dintreparti, ci dimpotriva, acesta este es-caladat. Cei care au pierdut, nu vorsa accepte inrangerea si incurajatide cele mai multe ori de avocati,continut procesul prin ormulareade noi cai de atac. Intr-o asemeneasituatie, medierea reprezinta ceamai rapida si ecienta modalitatede rezolvare a unui conict.

Consider ca medierea poate osolutie viabila pentru prevenirea sireducerea supraincarcarii cu dosa-re a organelor jurisdisdictionale. Inacest el, procurorii, judecatorii se

vor concentra pe cauzele cu adevarat importante, ara a-si risipienergia si timpul in dosare relativ simple. Pentru aceasta, organele ju-diciare trebuie sa incurajeze partilesa apeleze la mediatori atat la ince-putul procedurii, cat si in orice altstadiu al acesteia.

Medierea in materie penala per-mite o participare personala activaa persoanei vatamate si a aptui-torului si contribuie la cresterearolului persoanei vatamate în pro-cesul penal, la constientizarea decatre aptuitor a delictului produs

si grabirea procesului de reinsertiesociala.In Romania, cadrul legal, cre-

at pentru unctionarea institu-tiei medierii, il reprezinta Legeanr.192/2006 modicata prin Legeanr.370/2009, Ordonanta nr.13/2010,

iar din 26 noiembrie 2010 si Legeanr.202/2010 denumită si M - în justitie.

Potrivit art.6 din Legea 192/2006,modicata, atunci cand se conrun-ta cu un caz pretabil la mediere,

organele judiciare si arbitrale, pre-cum si alte autoritati cu atributii jurisdictionale, au obligatia sa in-ormeze partile asupra posibilitatiisi avantajelor olosirii proceduriimedierii si le indruma sa recurgala aceasta cale pentru solutionareaconictelor dintre ele.

Desigur, nimic nu impiedica ca oasemenea procedura de inormaresa inceapa, chiar din momentul de-punerii actiunii la registratura in-stantei organelor abilitate sau a ceeace ar implica luarea unor deciziiadministrative de catre conducerea

instantei sau parchetelor cu privirela organizarea unui punct de inor-mare pentru mediere.

De asemenea, trebuie aduse lacunostinta partilor si facilitatileoferite de stat pentru incurajareamedierii, posibilitatea de a apela laajutorul public judiciar in cazul incare apelarea la mediere ar preacostisitoare pentru ele, precumsi posibilitatea restituirii taxelor de timbru avansate (conform dis- pozitiilor din O.U.G. nr 51/2008 privind ajutorul public judiciar inmaterie civila).

Pentru ca organul judiciar sa econvingator in informarea partilor asupra posibilitatilor si avantajelor folosirii procedurii medierii, estenevoie ca la randul sau sa e con-

vins de utilitatea medierii.Este evident ca procurorul ori ju-

MEDIAtION — A BIt BEttEr fOr yOU,

A BIt BEttEr fOr jUstICE

Nowadays, most conictsreach the courts, where thelitigant loses time, money

and the results are not always theexpected ones. Moreover, winninga trial doesn’t mean that the con-

ict between parties comes to anend, but the contrary, it escalates.Tose who lost won’t accept deeatand encouraged by lawyers, most o the time, continue the trial throughnew attack modes. In a situationlike this, mediation represents theastest and most ecient way tosolve a conict.

I believe that mediation can be a viable solution or prevention anddecrease o le overload on juridi-cal entities. In this way, prosecutorsand judges will ocus on cases thatare really important, without wast-

ing their time and energy on rathersimple claims. Te juridical bodiesneed to encourage parties to turn tomediators both in the beginning o procedure and at any stage.

Criminal-based mediation per-mits an active personal participa-tion o the injured and the doerand leads to the increase o the in-

jured’ participation in the criminaltrial, the doer becomes aware o thecrime committed and the social re-insertion process is speeded up.

In Romania, the legal rame-work, created or the unctioning

o mediation institution, is theLaw 192/2006, modied by Law 370/2009, Ordinance 13/2010,and as o November 26, 2020, law 202/2010, also called the Small re-orm o justice.

According to art. 6 within the

Law 192/2006, modied, when ac-ing a case suitable or mediation,the judicial and arbitrary bodies,as well as other authorities with

jurisdictional attribution, have theobligation to inorm parties on

the possibilities and advantages o mediation and advise them to usemediation or solving the issues be-tween them.

O course, nothing stops thisinormation procedure rom start-ing, right at the moment whenthe initial case is submitted to theregister’s oce o the empoweredcourt, or administrative decisionstaken by the court’s managementor prosecutor’s oces regarding theorganization o mediation inorma-tion point.

Also, parties should be inormed

about the acilities ofered by thestate or mediation encourage-ment, the possibility to access thepublic judicial aid, i mediation isto expensive or them, as well as thepossibility to restitute the uprontstamp ees (according to OUG51/2008 on civil-based public judi-cial aid).

In order or the judicial body tobe persuading while inorming theparties about the possibilities andbenets brought by mediation, itneeds to be convinced with the util-ity o mediation.

It is obvious that the prosecutoror the judge, or the judicial policeworker, when doing the inorma-tion, need to point out to litigantsthe places where mediators couldbe ound, namely to show them thePanel o mediators: on the internet




M e d i er e al ani v el n a ţ i on al

31

decatorul, ori lucratorul de politie judiciar, o data cu inormarea, tre-buie sa indice partilor locul unde sepot gasi mediatorii, respectiv sa leindrume catre locul unde este dis-ponibil abloul mediatorilor: pe in-ternet (www.just.ro, www.cmediere.ro), respectiv la sediul instantelorsi parchetelor.

Avand la baza incheierea unorprotocoale, intre Uniunea Nationa-la a Mediatorilor din Romania - Fi-liala Brasov si Parchetul de pe langaribunalul Brasov, respectiv Par-chetul de pe langa Judecatoria Bra-sov, atat la 16 decembrie 2010, catsi la 17 decembrie 2010, au avut locintalniri de lucru intre mediatori siprocurori in vederea implementariiprocedurii medierii la nivel local.La aceste intalniri au participat sipresedintele si vicepresedinteleCentrului de Mediere Brasov.

Aceste initiative au ost saluta-te si de catre Uniunea Nationala aMediatorilor din Romania - ZenoSustac – co-presedinte si ClaudiuIgnat – co-presedinte, printr-unmesaj adresat magistratilor braso-

veni, ind primele actiuni de acestgen, la nivel national.

Modicarile legislative aduseprin Legea nr.202/2010, denumitasi “Mica Reorma” creeaza un suude benecii atat organelor de cerce-tare penala, cat si mediatorilor, iaracestea se pot evidentia prin intal-nirile de lucru, periodice, care ajutala punerea unor baze solide de co-

laborare intre mediatori si Parchete,care ar putea deveni un adevaratmodel national de colaborare.

Acest gen de intalniri oeră si justitiabililor un plus de increderein apelarea la proceduri alternativea sistemului juridic, medierea indcea mai uzitata dintre aceste cai.

In cadrul acestor intalniri, s-aupus in discutie mai multe procedeede lucru, in vederea stabilirii unui

mod unitar de lucru intre procurori,mediatori si parchete. Cele mai im-portante sunt legate de inormareasi comunicarea directa cu parche-tele, atunci cand se solicita solutio-narea dosarului prin mediere, im-plicand in acest el, ca o necesitatesi depunerea acordului de medie-re, de catre mediator, la parchetulunde se aa dosarul in cercetare,impreuna cu procesul verbal de in-chidere a medierii.

Acest aspect cu privire la depune-rea acordului de mediere, de catremediator, consider ca ar putea re-zolvat prin introducerea unei clau-ze in contractul de mediere, inaintede inceperea procedurii de medie-re, prin care partile isi dau sau nuacordul in avoarea mediatorului sapoata depune acordul de medierela parchetul unde se aa dosarulin cercetare, in vederea inchideriiacestuia, ca urmare a solutionariiprin mediere.

Este evident ca medierea a ostgandita ca o alternativa la justitiaclasica in scopul degrevarii instan-telor de judecata de volumul marede activitate. De asemenea, medie-rea contribuie la reducerea cheltu-ielilor pe care statul trebuie sa le su-porte si in nal, noi toti justitiabilii,pentru a pune în unctiune aparatul

judiciar, si mai ales cauzele minore,care nu sunt deloc putine.

otodata, prin intermediul me-dierii, persoanele aate în conictlucreaza in mod activ pentru ajun-

gerea la o solutie, care sa satisacanevoile tuturor, si nu asteapta pasiv o solutie impusă de un tert, respec-tiv de instanta de judecata. ■

Meda Daniela Maria Sirbu Pesedne U.N.M.R.

Flala Basv

www.nmbv.;emal: cnac@nmbv.

(www.just.ro, www.cmediere.ro),and the headquarters o courts andprosecutor’s oces.

Based upon the conclusion o some protocols between the Na-tional Union o Mediators romRomania – Brasov branch and theProsecutor’s oce with the Bra-sov ribunal and Brasov Court, onDecember 16 and 17 2010 therewere held work meetings betweenmediators and prosecutors in view o implementing mediation pro-cedure at local level. Tese meet-ings were also attended by the

vice-president o Brasov MediationCenter.

Tese initiatives were also sa-luted by the National Union o Mediators rom Romania - ZenoŞuştac – co-president and ClaudiuIgnat – co-president, in a messageaddressed to Brasov magistrates,being the rst actions o this type atnational level.

Te legislative modicationsbrought by the Law 202/2010, alsocalled the “Small Reorm,” bring aspur o benets both to criminalinvestigation bodies and media-tors, and these can be pointed outin periodic work meetings, whichhelp in building a strong collabo-ration between mediators andProsecutor’s oces. Tis mightbecome a true national collabora-tion model.

Tis type o meetings ofers to lit-igants a plus o trust in the alterna-

tive procedures o the legal system,mediation being the most used.Tese meetings debated several

work procedures, in view o estab-lishing a unitary work mode be-tween prosecutors, mediators andprosecutor’s oces. Te most im-portant are related to direct inor-mation and communication withthe prosecutor’s oces, when thecase is to be solved through me-

diation, which triggers the need tosubmit the mediation settlement,by the mediator, at the prosecu-tor’s oce where the le is underinvestigation, together with theocial report closing the media-tion.

Tis aspect regarding the sub-mittal o the mediation settlement,by the mediator, I believe mightbe solved by insertion o a clausein the mediation contract, beorethe start o the mediation proce-dure, mentioning the approval o denial or mediator to be able tosubmit the mediation settlementat the prosecutor’s oce wherethe le is under investigation, orits closing, as a result o mediationresolution.

It is obvious that mediation wasenvisaged as an alternative to theclassic justice, in order to unburdenthe courts rom their high volumeo activity. Also, mediation contrib-utes to the cut o expenses that thestate has to bear and eventually allo us, the litigants, in order to makethe judicial apparatus unction, andespecially the small claims, whichare not ew at all.

Also through mediation, personsin conict work actively to reach asolution, to satisy everyone’s needs,not waiting passively a solution im-posed by a third party, namely by the court o law. ■

Meda Daniela Maria Sîrbu Chaman he Nanal Unn

Medas m Rmana,Basv Banch

www.nmbv.;emal: cnac@nmbv.




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32

INfOrMArEA LA sEDIUL INstANtELOr DE jUDECAtA,

O MODALItAtE DE A PrOMOVA MEDIErEA

Procedura de inormare gratuitala sediul instantelor de jude-cata cuprinsa in dispozitiile

Legii 202/2010, reprezinta in modcert o cale importanta de promova-re a medierii, atat la nivel regionalcat si national, prin posibilitatea de aaduce la cunostinta justitiabilului al-ternativa pe care o are de a solutionaconictul, in aara salilor de judecata,prin intermediul institutiei medierii.

Este oarte util dupa opinia mea,ca ecare mediator sa oloseascacat mai ecient aceasta modalitatede promovare, in scopul de a acecunoscute avantajele pe care medi-erea le oera ca mijloc de rezolvarea conictelor. Alaturi de acest bene-ciu general, se poate vorbi si de uncastig pe plan personal, deoarece inacelasi timp cu desasurarea activi-tatii de inormare mediatorul reali-zeaza si o autoevaluare a cunostin-telor sale proesionale.

De modul cum se va ace aceastainormare, depinde in mare masuraperceptia justitiabilului atat in ceeace priveste medierea ca alternativade solutionare a conictelor, darsi cu privire la persoanele care o

intreprind, adica la mediatori. Operceptie gresita ar putea genera sio imagine deormata asupra acestoraspecte, cu consecinte neavorabile.

Printr-o desasurare in buneconditii a serviciului de inormare,se realizeaza simultan si implemen-tarea medierii la nivelul instantelor

de judecata. In acest mod se punbazele unei colaborari benece deambele parti, materializate printr-un sistem de lucru unctional.

Asociatiilor de mediatori autori-zati din tara le revine dicila sarci-na de a organiza aceasta activitatede inormare gratuita desasuratala sediul instantelor de catre pro-priii membri. Datorita aptului caaceasta activitate este voluntara si

neremunerata, este oarte posibilsa existe si o anumita rezerva in amaniesta disponibilitatea ata deo implicare activa in acest proces.Daca totusi, se trece peste acest im-pediment mult discutat, iar dupaconsultari se ajunge in aza stabiliriiunui grac pentru serviciul volun-tar de inormare eectuat la sediulinstantelor de judecata, o atentiedeosebita ar trebui apoi acordatapregatirii in vederea desasurariiactivitatii de inormare propriu-zise.

In acesta etapa, ar de preeratca inaintea inceperii serviciuluide inormare, asociatia care a in-cheiat protocolul de colaborare cuinstanta unde urmeaza sa se des-asoare inormarea, sa reuneascape toti mediatorii cuprinsi in gracsi sa stabileasca cu acestia catevaobiective prioritare, cuprinse intr-o

„Procedura de Eectuare a Serviciu-lui de Inormare”.

Astel putem vorbi despre reali-zarea a doua tipuri de relatii:

Pe de o parte relatia dintre me-diatorul de serviciu – justitiabili siinstanta.

Pe de cealalta parte, relatia dintre

mediatorul de serviciu si asociatiadin care ace parte, asociatie carea incheiat anterior un protocol decolaborare si implementare a medi-erii cu instanta la care se eectueazaserviciul de inormare.

Aceasta relatie dintre mediator siasociatie poate imbraca in acest caz

si o orma contractuala, bazata pedrepturi si obligatii stipulate in aceaprocedura, unde se vor regasi si oserie de obligatii de ambele parti.

Prin acceptarea mediatorului dea participa la eectuarea inormariigratuite si a procedurii prin care seace inormarea, acesta isi asuma sio serie de responsabilitati, cum ar :• Sa se prezinte la timp la sediul

instantelor unde urmeaza sa des-

INfOrMAtION At COUrt’sHEADQUArtErs,

A wAy tO PrOMOtEMEDIAtION

f ree inormation procedureat the court’s headquar-ters, stipulated by the Law

202/2010 is certainly an impor-tant way to promote mediation,both regionally and nationally, asit gives the litigant the possibility to ind out about this alternativeto solve the conlict outside thecourt o law, through the institu-tion o mediation.

It is very useul, in my opinion,or every mediator to use as e-icient as possible this promotionmethod, in order to popularizethe advantages oered by media-tion as a conlict resolving mode.Apart rom this general beneit,we also could talk about a person-al gaining, as mediator perormsa sel-evaluation o proessionalknowledge while perorming theinormation activity.

he way in which the inor-mation procedure is carried ondetermines the perception o thelitigant both on the alternative it-sel and on the persons who per-orm it, namely the mediators. Awrong perception might generate

also a deormed image on theseaspects, with unavorable conse-quences.

For a good progress o theinormation service, the imple-mentation o mediation at court’sheadquarters is also done simul-taneously. his puts the base o

a beneic collaboration on bothparties, materialized in a unc-tional working system.

he associations o authorized

mediators in the country havethe diicult task to organize thisree inormation activity throughtheir own members. Due to theact it is voluntary and not paid,there might appear some reser-

vations towards the wil lingness

to participate in this process. I,however, this impediment is letbehind and a timetable or the

voluntary inormat ion serviceis reached, an important ocusshould be placed on the actualprogress o the inormation ac-tivity.

During this stage, it’s ratherimportant that beore startingthe inormation service, the as-sociation which concluded thecollaboration protocol with therespective law court should gath-er all mediators included in theplan and settle together the maintargets, collected in a “procedureor inormation service progress.”

hereore, we could talk abouttwo types o relationships:

On one hand, the relationshipbetween the mediator – litigantand the court.

On the other hand, the rela-tionship between the mediatorand the association he is parto, the association that previ-ously concluded the collabora-tion protocol or implementationo mediation with the law court

where mediation is held. his re-lationship between the mediatorand association could also takea contractual shape, based uponrights and demands stipulatedby that procedure, which wouldinclude a series o obligations orboth sides.

By accepting to participate inthe ree inormation process, themediator takes on a series o re-sponsibilities, such as:• o arrive on time at the court’sheadquarters where the inor-

mation activity will take place,dressed normally, according tothe place and position. Normaloutit means no extravagantitems that might distract pub-





33

asoare inormarea, intr-o tinuta vestimentara normala, adecvatalocului si rolului pe care il deti-ne. Prin normalitate se intelegeacea tinuta vestimentara care nuatrage atentia privitorului prinelemente iesite din comun.

• Sa realizeze o inormare corecta,ara a oeri justitiabilului speran-te mai mari decat posibilitatile derezolvare ale mediatorului, prinmediere.

• Sa oere materiale inormative cuprivire la mediere.

• Sa aiba o atitudinea serioasa siprietenoasa, capabila sa generezerespect, incredere si siguranta.

• Sa e pregatit sa gestioneze cucalm si proesionalism oriceposibila stare conictuala ce arputea sa apara atat in relatia cuavocatii cat si cu alte persoane,deoarece in acest context, medi-atorul este expus public.

• Sa-si propuna atingerea unorobiective:j spre proce-

dura de mediere. Fiecare parte esteascultata, respecta si se bucura de ace-easi atentie din partea mediatorului.

. Esteun moment intermediar, carepoate surveni dupa ce partile auprimit inormatii despre utilizareamedierii ca mijloc de solutionarea conictelor. Pentru o intelegeremai buna, se pot oeri si exemplela nivel de statistica, cu respectareaprincipiului condentialitatii, cule-

se din practica de pana acum.Pentru a spori increderea in po-sibilitatile de rezolvare prin mediere,este de preerat sa se enumere alter-nativele de care partile dispun in mo-

mentul prezentarii la mediator pen-tru inormare, evidentiidu-se astelmai usor avantajele olosirii medierii.

C ca me-dierea reprezinta solutia cea maicorecta, prin care se poate rezolvaintr-un mod avorabil situatia incare se gasesc.

Printr-o buna unctionare si decalitate a serviciului de inormaregratuita, prin seriozitatea si proesi-onalismul mediatorilor care vor par-ticipa la eectuarea acestui serviciu,se pun bazele dezvoltarii unor relatiide colaborare, intre instantele de ju-decata si asociatiile de mediatori.

Fiecare instanta, in baza pro-tocolului sau de colaborare si im-plementare a medierii incheiat cuasociatia proesionala de mediatori,precum si din dispozitiile cuprinsein Legea 202/2010, va cauta sa iden-tice o posibilitate reala, de a alocaun spatiu pentru eectuarea acestuiserviciu de inormare gratuita. Lip-sa unui asemenea spatiu, ar puteaconduce dupa caz, e la realizareaunui act de inormare de slaba ca-litate, cu consecinte nedorite, e laimposibilitatea desasurarii servi-ciului de inormare gratuita.

Cu toate problemele, inerenteoricarei activitati aate la inceput,eectuarea serviciului de inormaregratuita desasurat de mediatori lasediul instantelor, reprezinta o calede a promova medierea si este nece-sar sa e tratat cu multa seriozitate,pentru a nu aduce in cele din urma

un deserviciu medierii. ■ Mircea Marcoci

Meda aza A.M.A. Basv

lic’s attention• o make a correct inormation,

without giving the litigant big-ger hopes that the mediator’ssolving possibilities

• o oer inormative materialsabout mediation

• o have a serious and riendly attitude, capable to generaterespect, conidence and secu-rity

• o be ready to manage calmly and proessionally any conlictsituation that might appear inthe relation with lawyers orother persons, as the mediatorhas a public exposure in thisrespect.

• o settle some targets: -

towards mediation proce-dure. Each party is listened to,respected and enjoys the sameattention rom the mediator.

. It isan intermediary moment, whichcould appear ater the partieshave received inormation aboutthe use o mediation as an altera-tive dispute resolution orm. Fora better understanding, the me-diator could even oer statisti-cal examples gathered rom ownpractice, however respecting theprinciple o conidentiality.

In order to increase the con-idence in the possibilities tosolve a conlict through media-tion, it’s beneicial to enumerate

the alternatives that the partieshave when they come to media-

tor to receive inormation, thushighlighting the advantages o mediation.

C thatmediation represents the correctsolution, by which they couldreach a avorable solution totheir conlict.

A good and qualitative unc-tioning o the ree inormationservice, given by the seriousnessand proessionalism o the medi-ators, represents the base o a col-laboration relationship betweenthe court and the mediators’ as-sociations.

Each court o law, based onthe collaboration protocol signedwith the association o mediators,as well as on the stipulations o Law 202/2010, will try to identiy a real possibility to oer a loca-tion or the good progress o theree inormation service. helack o this space might lead toa poor inormation process, withunwanted consequences, or evento the impossibility to perormthe inormation service at all.

In spite o all problems thatare inherent to any young activ-ity, the ree inormation serviceat court’s headquarters is a way topromote mediation and needs tobe treated seriously, otherwise itmight even bring disadvantagesto mediation. ■

Mircea Marcoci Ahzed meda A.M.A. Basv





34

PrOtOCOL DE COLABOrArE ÎN VEDErEA

IMPLEMENtArII MEDIErIICAP. 1. PArtENErII sEMNAtArI▶ . 1. P - :

P J- G, cu sediul în Ga-laţi, str. Brăilei nr. 200, cod postal800..., tel. 0236.407.000, int. 20110,0236.46.26.00, ax. 0236.46.26.00,e-mail: [email protected], reprezentată prin dl. subcomi-sar de poliţie LEFER DĂNUŢ, încalitate de inspector şe, denumit încontinuare I

şiSC M

G cu sediul în Galaţi, str. Că-lugăreni, nr. 3, bloc P3, p., judeţul Ga-laţi, tel. 0722.650.713, 0729.013.141,www.mediereagalati.wordpress.com,e-mail: [email protected], repre-zentată prin d-na P în calitate de preşedinte, denumită încontinuare AMG.

CAP. II. sCOPUL ŞI OBIECtIVELEPrOtOCOLULUI▶ . 2. S

Scopul prezentului protocol con-stă în implicarea activă şi ecientă apoliţiştilor din IPJ şi a mediatorilordin AMG în implementarea medie-rii în judeţul Galaţi, potrivit direc-

tivelor europene, Legii 192/2006,Programului de guvernare 2010-2012 cap.4., Legii nr. 202/2010, noi-lor coduri de procedură.▶ . 3.

În realizarea scopului propus,obiectivele protocolului constau încolaborarea dintre cele două părţiîn calitate de parteneri pentru:• implementarea dispoziţiilor art.6 din legea 192/2006, care prevădobligativitatea inormării de cătreorganele judiciare a părţilor dindosare cu privire la procedura me-dierii şi avantajele acesteia şi îndru-

mării părţilor să recurgă la aceastăcale pentru soluţionarea conicte-lor dintre ele;• mediatizarea în rândul poliţiş-tilor şi cetăţenilor a legislaţiei rele-

vante interne şi internaţionale ree-ritoare la mediere;• conştientizarea avantajelor prac-tice pe care instituţia medierii leaduce în activitatea judiciară a poli-ţiştilor, cetăţenilor, justiţiei, persoa-nelor juridice;• dezvoltarea unor bune practici caresă aciliteze desăşurarea medierii;• participarea la activităţi publice

comune şi în massmedia pentrupromovarea medierii ca mijloc al-ternativ de soluţionare a conicte-lor în general şi în materie penală laplângere prealabilă, în special;

CAP III. APLICArEA PrOtOCOLU-LUI▶ . .

Pentru realizarea obiectivuluiprotocolului, prin organele de con-ducere şi poliţişti, Inspectoratul vaapela la următoarele modalităţi:• va publica într-un loc accesibilpersoanelor zice şi juridice a a-bloului Mediatorilor, care va cu-prinde lista cu toţi mediatorii au-torizaţi la nivel judeţean, conormdatelor urnizate de Consiliul deMediere, în colaborare cu AMG, laaparatul judeţean, poliţiile munici-pale şi orăşeneşti, secţiile de poliţie,posturile de poliţie comunale;• va permite la sediile structurilorde poliţie subordonate şi la com-partimentele de lucru cu publiculaşarea şi distribuirea de materialeinormative privind medierea, ur-nizate de AMG;• va permite desăşurarea la sediul

judeţean sau în alte locaţii, cu oca-zia unor adunări, a unor activităţispecice de inormare şi promova-re a medierii, care au incidenţă cuactivitatea poliţiei, ără tulburareaactivităţilor curente;• va recomanda şi va încuraja me-

dierea potrivit art. 6 din legea medi-erii nr. 192/2006, prin orice organ depoliţie in subordine, pentru persoa-nele implicate în litigii penale ce pot soluţionate pe calea medierii (celela plângere prealabilă şi atunci cândîmpăcarea părţilor înlătură răspun-derea penală), atât înainte de sesiza-re, după aceasta şi pe timpul urmări-rii penale, prin poliţia judiciară;• întocmirea şi înaintarea cătreprocuror a reeratului cu propu-nerea de suspendare a urmăririipenale pentru o perioadă de 3 luni,în baza contractului de mediere

prezentat de părţi, recunoaştereaacordului de mediere care întru-neşte condiţiile legale şi propune-rea să înceteze urmărirea penală laprimirea acestuia, când s-a ajunsla o înţelegere totală sau parţială şireclamantul îşi retrage plângereaprealabilă ori părţile s-au împăcat;pentru latura civilă a procesului pe-nal se va putea apela la mediere înorice caz de inacţiune;• întocmirea reeratului de reluarea urmăririi penale atunci când me-dierea a eşuat, conorm procesului

verbal prezentat de mediator şi de

către părţi, când a expirat termenulde suspendare şi mediatorul cu păr-ţile nu s-au prezentat la poliţistul decaz ori acesta are date certe că me-dierea nu se mai desăşoară şi părţi-le încearcă să tărăgăneze urmărireapenală;

COLLABOrAtION PrOtOCOL fOr IMPLEMENtAtION

Of MEDIAtIONCHAPtEr I. sIgNINg PArtNErs

▶ . 1. T :

P GC , headquartered in Galaţi,200 Brăilei street, postal code800..., tel. 0236.407.000, int. 20110,0236.46.26.00, ax. 0236.46.26.00,e-mail: [email protected], represented by police inspectorLEFER DĂNUŢ, as chie-inspector,hereinaer called T I

andH SSCN F M-

S G, headquar-tered in Galati, 3 Calugareni street,block P3, GF., Galaţi County, tel.0722.650.713, 0729.013.141, www.mediereagalati.wordpress.com, e-mail: [email protected], repre-sented by Mrs. P aspresident, hereinaer called AMG

CHAPtEr II. tHE PUrPOsE AND tHE OBjECtIVEs Of tHEPrOtOCOL ▶ . 2. T

Te purpose o the current pro-tocol represents the active and e-cient involvement o the IPJ po-licemen and the AMG mediators

in implementation o mediationin Galati County, according to theEuropean directives, Law 192/2006,the government Program 2010-2012, chapter 4, Law 202/2010, new procedure codes.▶ . 3. T j -

In view o ullling the purpose,the protocol’s objectives consist inthe collaboration o the two partiesas partners or:• implementation o the stipula-tions within art.6 o Law 192/2006,which stipulate that it is compul-

sory or legal bodies to inorm theparties within a le about the medi-ation procedure and its advantagesand to guide the parties in choosingthis way to solve the conicts be-tween them;• campaign amongst policemenand citizens about the relevant in-ternal and international legislationreerring to mediation;• awareness o the practical advan-tages that the institution o media-tion brings in the judicial activity o policemen, citizens, justice, legalentities• development o good practiceswhich should acilitate the progresso mediation;• participation in common publicactivities and in mass-media to pro-mote mediation as an alternativeway to solve conicts in general and

in penal cases, or the likely com-plain resolution;

CHAPtEr III. tHE ENfOrCEMENt Of tHE PrOtOCOL ▶ . . F j-

In order to achieve the protocol’sobjective, through leading bodiesand policemen, the Inspectoratewill turn to the ollowing:• will publish in a place accessi-ble or individuals and legal enti-ties the Panel o Mediators, whichwill gather the list o all mediatorsauthorized in the county, accord-ing to data supplied by the Media-tion Council, in collaboration withAMG, within the county oces,municipality and town police sta-tions, village poice stations;• will allow, at the oces o the sub-ordinated police structures and thepublic relation oces, the display anddistribution o inormative materialsabout mediation, supplied by AMG;• will allow, at the county head-quarters or in other locations, theorganization o specic inormingand promotion activities, duringgatherings that are connected to thepolice’ activity, without disturbing

the current activities;• will recommend and encour-age mediation according to art. 6within the mediation law 192/2006,through any police body withinsubordination, or the people in-

volved in criminal litigations whichcan be solved through mediation(in case o complaint and when thereconciliation o parties removesthe criminal responsibility), bothbeore the notication, aer it andduring the penal investigation,through the judicial police;• elaboration and submittal to the

prosecutor o the report with theproposal reerring to the suspen-sion o the penal proceedings ora period o 3 months, based on themediation contract presented by the parties, recognition o the me-diation agreement which meets thelegal conditions and the proposalthat the penal proceedings stopwhen received, when reaching atotal or partial agreement and thecomplainer withdraws the com-plaint or when parties reconciled;or the civil side o the penal trial,mediation can be chosen in case o

any ofense;• elaboration o the report reer-ring to the resuming o penal pro-ceedings when mediation ailed,according to the ocial report pre-sented by the mediator and parties,when the suspension term expired





35

• va posta pe site-ul instituţieiinormari statistice şi de cazuri re-zolvate prin mediere, cu protejareadatelor cu caracter personal ale păr-ţilor din dosar;• va asigura participarea poliţişti-lor la conerinţe, seminarii, emisi-uni, dezbateri în scopul de a întăriîncrederea publicului şi justiţiabili-lor în instituţia medierii;• va aplica măsurile stabilite înprezentul protocol şi aţă de alteasociaţii de prol care aderă ulteri-or, precum şi aţă de mediatorii încăneasociaţi sau cei din alte judeţe,pentru cazurile aate în cercetareapoliţiei din judeţul Galaţi;• va promova prevederile prezen-tului protocol prin orice mijloace,inclusiv prin postarea lui pe site-ulinstituţiei;• va mediatiza în mod regulat ac-ţiunile ce ac obiectul prezentuluiprotocol.▶ . . MG:

Pentru realizarea obiectivuluiprotocolului, AMG va apela la ur-mătoarele modalităţi:• va pune la dispoziţia Inspecto-ratului materiale de inormare pri-

vind medierea, pentru aşare saupentru pregătirea de specialitate apoliţiştilor judiciari;• va organiza în cadrul structurilorde poliţie activităţi de promovarecu privire la mediere şi va asiguraparticiparea unor mediatori la con-erinţele, seminariile şi dezbaterile

desăşurate în cadrul instituţiei re-eritor la mediere;• va asigura comunicarea directă şiecientă în raporturile cu Inspecto-ratul şi va inorma conducerea aces-tuia cu privire la dicultăţile întâl-nite în implementarea legislaţiei şidesăşurarea bunelor practici, pen-tru identicarea căilor de rezolvare;• va urniza, la cererea poliţiştilorinormaţii gratuite privind medierea;• va pune la dispoziţia inspecto-ratului mediatori voluntari şi vainstrui poliţiştii pentru situaţiilecritice în care este necesară discu-

tarea cu persoane care ameninţă cusăvârşirea unor apte grave sau cre-area unui pericol public;• va promova instituţia medieriişi dispoziţiile prezentului protocolprin intermediul paginii web şi prinorice alte mijloace legale;• va solicita Consiliului de Mediereactualizarea datelor cuprinse în a-bloul Mediatorilor şi va transmiteInspectoratului listele cu mediatoriiautorizaţi;• va promova public acordurile demediere validate care sunt relevanteşi contribuie la reducerea conicte-

lor, cu protejarea datelor cu caracterpersonal;• va colecta pe tipuri de inracţi-uni/cauze datele statistice cu privi-re la situaţiile în care s-au ormulatcereri de mediere, în care s-au în-cheiat contracte de mediere, mo-

dalitatea închiderii procedurii demediere, cazuri în care au participatavocaţii, în care s-a acordat ajutorpublic judiciar, în care acordurile demediere s-au autenticat la notarulpublic, respectiv părţile s-au pre-zentat personal pentru conrmareaacordului de mediere la organelepoliţiei judiciare;• va comunica publicului, dinproprie iniţiativă, şi va comunicainspectoratului, la cerere, datelestatistice de interes în legătură cumedierea.

CAP. IV. rEsUrsE UMANE ŞIfINANCIArE▶ . 6. Părţile convin să susţinăcu resursele disponibile şi în limite-le comun agreate activităţile desă-şurate în vederea atingerii obiecti-

vului protocolului.▶ . . Între părţile semnatare,aplicarea prevederilor prezentuluiprotocol se va ace în mod gratuit.

CAP. V. DUrAtA ŞI ÎNCEtArEA PrOtOCOLULUI▶ . 8. Prezentul protocol de co-laborare se încheie pe o perioadănedeterminată de la data semnăriiacestuia de către cele două părţi.▶ . 9. Protocolul poate modi-cat şi/sau completat prin acte adiţi-onale semnate de ambele părţi.▶ . 10. Prezentul protocol va în-ceta în următoarele situaţii:• prin acordul ambilor parteneri;• prin denunţare unilaterală.

CAP. VII. DIsPOzIII fINALE▶ . 11. Partenerii sunt de acordsă colaboreze cu alte instituţii alestatului sau ONG în vederea reali-zării obiectivelor prezentului proto-col şi atribuţiilor părţilor.▶ . 12. La prezentul protocol potadera şi alte asociaţii ale mediatori-lor din judeţul Galaţi, indu-le opo-zabile aceleaşi drepturi şi obligaţii.▶ . 13. Părţile sunt de acord caîntre asociaţiile proesionale alepoliţiştilor şi mediatorilor, să sedezvolte şi alte orme de colaborare,

în aara celor înscrise în prezentulprotocol, în măsura în care existăsolicitări întemeiate şi posibile dinpunct de vedere legal.▶ . 1. Părţile vor depune dili-genţe în vederea rezolvării numaipe cale amiabilă a neînţelegerilorivite între acestea cu privire la apli-carea protocolului.▶ . 1. Prezentul protocol intrăîn vigoare de la data înregistrării înevidenţele părţilor semnatare.▶ . 16. Pentru realizarea preve-derilor prezentului protocol părţiledesemnează următoarele persoane

de contact:• din partea I.P.J. Galaţi: ........................................................................şi .........................................................;• din partea AMG: Ecaterina Pri-cope – preşedinte, tel. 0722 650713,Asoronie Constantin - secretar,

and the mediator and parties didnot come to the case policeman orthe policeman holds inormationthat mediation is no longer usedand the parties try to postpone thecriminal proceedings;• will load on the institution’s web-site statistical data and cases solvedthrough mediation, protecting person-al data o the parties involved in the le;• will assure the participation o policemen in conerences, seminars,V shows, debates in order to makethe public and the litigants haveaith in the institution o mediation;• will apply the measures estab-lished in the present protocol to-wards other specialized associationswhich join later, as well as towardsthe mediators which are not asso-ciated yet or mediators rom othercounties, or the cases investigatedby the police o Galati County;• will promote the stipulations o the present protocol through any means, including the institution’swebsite;• will announce in media the ac-tions that are the object o the pre-sent protocol.▶ . . F j- MG.

o ulll the protocol’s objective,AMG:• will give to the Inspectorate in-ormative materials about media-tion, to be displayed or to be usedin specialized training o the judi-cial policemen;•

will organize within the policestructures promotion activities andwill assure the participation o me-diators in the conerences , semi-nars and debates held within theinstitution concerning mediation;• will assure the direct and ecientcommunication with the Inspector-ate and will inorm its managementabout the diculties met when im-plementing the legislation and goodpractices, in order to identiy waysto solve them;• will supply, at policemen’ request,ree inormation about mediation;•

will ofer voluntary mediators atthe inspectorate and will train po-licemen or critical situations, whenthey need to talk to people thatthreaten to commit serious deedsor to create a public danger;• will promote the institution o mediation and the stipulations o thepresent protocol through the websiteand through any other legal means \;• will ask the Mediation Councilto update the data gathered in thePanel o Mediators and will send tothe inspectorate the list o author-ized mediators;• will promote publicly the vali-dated mediation agreements, whichare relevant and contribute in thecut o conicts, protecting howeverthe personal data• will collect statistic data reerringto the situations when mediation

requests were ormulated, when me-diation contracts were concluded,the way in which the mediationprocedure was closed, the cases inwhich lawyers participated, the caseswhen public judicial help was given,the cases when the mediation agree-ments were legalized by the publicnotary, namely the parties came inperson to te judicial police bodies toconrm the mediation agreement• will communicate to the public,at own initiative and will communi-cate the Inspectorate, i requested,statistical data about mediation.

CHAPtEr IV. HUMAN ANDfINANCIAL rEsOUrCEs▶ . 6. Te parties agree to sup-port the activities related to the ul-llment o the protocol’s objective,using available resources within thelimits jointly agreed upon.▶ . . Between the signing par-ties, the enorcement o the currentprotocol’s stipulations will be ree o charge.

CHAPtEr V. DUrAtION ANDCEAsE Of PrOtOCOL ▶ . 8. Te current collaborationprotocol is concluded or an unde-termined period o time since it issigned by the two parties.▶ . 9. Te protocol can be modi-ed and/or completed through ad-ditional papers signed by both sides.▶ . 10. Te present protocol willcease as ollows:•

through consent o both partners;• through unilateral decision.

CHAPtEr VII. fINAL stIPULAtIONs▶ . 11. Partners agree to collab-orate with other state institutions orNGOs in order to ulll the objec-tives o this protocol and the role o both parties.▶ . 12. Other associations o mediators rom Galati could ali-ate to this protocol, being attachedthe same rights and duties.▶ . 13. Parties agree that otherorms o collaboration could be de-

veloped between the associations o policemen and mediators, in caseo grounded requests and possiblerom a legal point o view.▶ . 1. Parties will make e-orts in view o solving amiably themisunderstandings that may occurwhile enorcing the protocol.▶ . 1. Te current protocolbecomes valid as o its registrationwithin the records o the signingparties.▶ . 16. In view o ullling thestipulations o the current protocol,the parties name the ollowing con-

tact persons:• rom I.P.J. Galaţi: .......................................................................................and .....................................................;• rom AMG: Ecaterina Pricope– president, tel. 0722 650713,Asoronie Constantin - secretary,





36

0729.013.141, [email protected].▶ . 1. Prezentul protocol s-a

încheiat în două exemplare, câteunul pentru ecare parte, la data denoiembrie 2010.

INSPECORAUL DE POLIŢIEAL JUDEŢULUI GALAŢI

INSPECOR ŞEFSubcomisar

F ĂN

ASOCIAŢIAMEDIAORILOR GALAŢI

PREŞEDINEPCP CN

PrOtOCOL DE COLABOrArE ÎN VEDErEA IMPLEMENtArII

MEDIErIICAP. 1. PArtENErII sEMNAtArI▶ . 1 P - :

Parchetul de pe lângă Judecăto-ria Galaţi, cu sediul în Galaţi, Str.Basarabiei nr. 47, Jud. Galaţi, el.:0236.414.116, Fax: 0236.411.117,cod poştal 800......, e-mail: [email protected], website: www.pca-galati.mpublic.ro, reprezentat prindl. procuror Gâlcă Ionel în calitatede Prim-procuror, denumit în con-tinuare P ;

şiSC M

G cu sediul în Galaţi, str.Călugăreni, nr. 3, bloc P3, p., jude-ţul Galaţi, tel. 0722.650.713, 0729.013.141, website: www.mediereaga-lati.wordpress.com, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], reprezentată prin d-na Ecate-

rina Pricope în calitate de preşedin-te, denumită în continuare AMG.

CAP. II. sCOPUL ŞI OBIECtIVELEPrOtOCOLULUI▶ . 2. S

Scopul prezentului protocolconstă în implicarea activă şi e-cientă a părţilor, prin procuroriiParchetului, respectiv mediatoriidin AMG, în calitate de parteneri,pentru implementarea medierii în

judeţul Galaţi, potrivit direct iveloreuropene, Legii nr. 192/2006, Pro-gramului de guvernare 2010-2012

cap. 4, Legii nr. 202/2010, noilorcoduri.▶ . 3.

În realizarea scopului propus,obiectivele protocolului constau încolaborarea dintre cei doi parteneripentru:• promovarea medierii ca mijloc al-ternativ de soluţionare a conictelor;• mediatizarea în rândul procu-rorilor şi justiţiabililor a legislaţieirelevante interne şi internaţionalereeritoare la mediere;• conştientizarea avantajelor prac-tice pe care instituţia medierii le

aduce în activitatea judiciară;• implementarea dispoziţiilor careprevăd obligativitatea inormării decătre organele judiciare a părţilordin dosare cu privire la proceduramedierii şi îndrumării părţilor sărecurgă la această cale pentru solu-

ţionarea conictelor dintre ele;• dezvoltarea unor bune practicicare să aciliteze desăşurarea me-dierii;• recunoaşterea şi acceptarea prinordonanţă a acordurilor de medie-re care întrunesc condiţiile legale,pentru încetarea urmăririi penale.

CAP. III. APLICArEA PrOtOCOLU-LUI▶ . . P

Pentru realizarea obiectivuluiprotocolului, Parchetul va apela laurmătoarele modalităţi:• va publica într-un loc accesibil

justiţiabililor abloul Mediatorilor,care va cuprinde lista cu toţi me-diatorii autorizaţi la nivel judeţean,conorm datelor urnizate de Con-siliul de Mediere şi AMG;•

va aloca spaţii la avizierul par-chetului şi la compartimentele delucru cu publicul pentru aşarea şidistribuirea de materiale inormati-

ve privind medierea;• va permite ocazional desăşu-rarea în sediul parchetului sau altelocaţii, a unor activităţi specice deinormare şi promovare a medierii,ără tulburarea activităţilor curente;• va recomanda şi va încuraja me-dierea pentru persoanele implicateîn litigii ce pot deduse medierii,atât înainte de sesizarea instanţei,cât şi după înregistrarea cauzei pe

rolul acesteia;• va aduce la cunoştinţa persoa-nelor paupere dispoziţiile O.U.G.nr. 51/2008 privind ajutorul public

judiciar, inclusiv pentru serviciul demediere;• va suspenda urmărirea penală lacererea părţilor sau acceptarea me-dierii după îndrumare, pentru o pe-rioadă de 3 luni, după prezentareacontractului de mediere;• va dispune prin ordonanţă înce-tarea urmăririi penale la prezenta-rea acordului de mediere autenti-cat sau prezentat de părţi personal,

care prevede că se retrage plângereaprealabilă ori părţile s-au împăcat;• va dispune reluarea urmăririi pe-nale când o parte a renunţat la me-diere sau aceasta a eşuat, la prezen-tarea PV de închidere a proceduriide către mediator;

0729 013141, [email protected].▶ . 1. Te present proto-

col was concluded in two copies,one or each party, on November,2010.

POLICE INSPECORAEOF GALAŢI COUNY

CHIEF INSPECOR Subcomisar

F ĂN

ASSOCIAION OF MEDIAORSGALAŢI

PRESIDENPCP CN

COLLABOrAtION PrOtOCOL fOr IMPLEMENtAtION Of ME-

DIAtIONCHAPtEr I . sIgNINg PArtNErs▶ . 1. Te current protocol is

jointly concluded by the ollowingparties:

T P’ G C , headquar-tered in Galati, 47 Basarabiei street,Galati County el.: 0236.414.116,Fax: 0236.411.117, postal code800......, e-mail: [email protected], website: www.pcagalati.mpublic.ro, represented by prosecutor GâlcăIonel as rst-prosecutor, hereinaercalled the P’ f;

andH SSCN F M-

S G, headquar-tered in Galati, 3 Calugareni street,block P3, GF, Galati County, tel.0722.650.713, 0729.013.141, web-site: www.mediereagalati.wordpress.com, e-mail: [email protected],

[email protected], repre-sented by Mrs. Ecaterina Pricope aspresident, hereinaer called AMG.

CHAPtEr II. tHE PUrPOsE AND tHEOBjECtIVEs Of tHE PrOtOCOL ▶ . 2. T -

Te purpose o the current pro-tocol represents the active andecient involvement o the par-ties, namely prosecutors with theProsecutor’s oce and the AMGmediators in implementation o mediation in Galati County, ac-

cording to the European directives,Law 192/2006, the governmentProgram 2010-2012, chapter 4, Law 202/2010, new procedure codes.▶ . 3. T j

In view o ullling the purpose,the protocol’s objectives consist in thecollaboration o the two partners or:• promotion o mediation as an al-ternative way to solve conicts• campaign amongst prosecutorsand litigants about the relevant in-ternal and international legislationreerring to mediation;• awareness o the practical advan-

tages that the institution o media-tion brings in the judicial activity • implementation o the stipula-tions saying that it is compulsory or legal bodies to inorm the par-ties within a le about the media-tion procedure and to guide the

parties in choosing this way to solvethe conicts between them;• development o good practiceswhich should acilitate the progresso mediation;• recognition and acceptancethrough ordinance o the mediationagreements which meet the legal con-ditions, or cease o penal proceedings.

CHAPtEr III. ENfOrCEMENt Of tHE PrOtOCOL ▶ . . F j- P’

In order to achieve the protocol’sobjective, the Prosecutor’s ocewill turn to the ollowing:• will publish in a place accessibleto litigants the Panel o Mediators,which will gather the list o all me-diators authorized in the county,according to data supplied by the

Mediation Council and AMG• will dedicate space at the Prose-cutor’s oce panel and in the publicrelation oces or display and dis-tribution o inormative materialsabout mediation;• will occasionally allow specicactivities or promotion o media-tion at the Prosecutor’s oce head-quarters, without however interer-ing with the current activities;• will recommend and encouragemediation or people involved inlitigations which can be subject tomediation, both beore the notica-

tion o the court and aer the regis-tration o the case;• will inorm poor people aboutthe stipulations o OUG 51/2008 re-garding public judicial aid, includ-ing or mediation service;• will cancel criminal proceedingsat parties’ request or acceptance o mediation aer guidance, or a pe-riod o 3 months aer the presenta-tion o the mediation contract;• will decide through ordinancethe cease o the criminal proceed-ings when the legalized mediationagreement is presented or parties

present it in person, the agreementstipulating that the initial com-plaint is withdrawn or that the par-ties reconciled;• will decide to resume the criminalproceedings when one o the partiesgave up mediation or when media-





37

• va colecta datele statistice cu privire la cazurile în care s-a apelat lamediere, la numărul ordonanţelorde validare a medierii, la numărulde medieri eşuate;• va asigura participarea la cone-rinţe, seminarii, emisiuni, dezbateriîn scopul de a întări încrederea pu-blicului şi justiţiabililor în instituţiamedierii;• va promova prevederile prezen-tului protocol prin orice mijloace,inclusiv prin postarea lui pe site-ulinstituţiei;• va mediatiza în mod regulat ac-ţiunile ce ac obiectul prezentuluiprotocol.▶ . . MG:

Pentru realizarea obiectivuluiprotocolului, AMG va apela la ur-mătoarele modalităţi:• va pune la dispoziţia parchetuluimateriale de inormare privind me-dierea;• va organiza activităţilor de pro-movare în cadrul parchetului cuprivire la mediere şi va asiguraparticiparea unor mediatori sauexperţi în ADR la conerinţele, se-minarile şi dezbaterile desăşurateîn cadrul parchetului;• va asigura comunicarea directă şiecientă în raporturile cu Parchetulşi va inorma cu privire la dicul-tăţile întâlnite în implementarealegislaţiei şi desăşurarea bunelorpractici în vederea identicării unorsoluţii de rezolvare a acestora;•

va urniza gratuit, la cererea pro-curorilor, inormaţii privind medi-erea;• va promova instituţia medieriişi dispoziţiile prezentului protocolprin intermediul paginii web şi prinorice alte mijloace legale;• va solicita Consiliului de Medie-re actualizarea datelor cuprinse înabloul Mediatorilor şi va prezentalistele cu mediatori la Parchet;• va colecta şi va promova publicacordurile de mediere validate caresunt relevante, cu protejarea datelorcu caracter personal;•

va colecta pe tipuri de dosaredatele statistice cu privire la ca-zurile în care s-au ormulat cereride mediere, în care s-au încheiatcontracte de mediere, modalitateaînchiderii procedurii de mediere,cazuri în care au participat avoca-ţii, în care s-a acordat ajutor public

judiciar, în care acordurile de me-diere s-au autenticat la notarulpublic, respectiv s-au încuviinţatde parchet;• va comunica publicului, din pro-prie iniţiativă, şi va comunica par-chetului, la cerere, datele statistice

în legătură cu medierea.

CAP. IV. rEsUrsE UMANE ŞIfINANCIArE▶ . 6. Partenerii convin să sus-ţină cu resursele disponibile şi înlimitele comun agreate activităţi-le desăşurate în vederea atingeriiobiectivului protocolului.▶ . . Între parteneri, aplicareaprevederilor prezentului protocolse va ace în mod gratuit.

CAP. V. DUrAtA ŞI ÎNCEtArEA PrOtOCOLULUI▶ . 8. Prezentul protocol de co-laborare se încheie pe o perioadanedeterminată de la data semnăriiacestuia de către cei doi parteneri.▶ . 9. Protocolul poate modi-cat şi/sau completat prin acte adi-ţionale semnate de ambii parteneri.▶ . 10. Prezentul protocol va în-ceta în următoarele situaţii:• prin acordul ambilor parteneri;• prin denunţare unilaterală.

CAP. VII. DIsPOzIII fINALE▶ . 11. Partenerii sunt de acordsă colaboreze cu alte instituţii alestatului şi ONG în vederea realizăriiobiectivului prezentului protocol şisunt de acord ca la acesta să poatăadera ulterior şi alte asociaţii alemediatorilor din judeţul Galaţi, -indu-le opozabile aceleaşi drepturişi obligaţii.▶ . 12. Partenerii sunt de acordca între asociaţiile proesionale alemediatorilor şi procurorilor să sedezvolte şi alte orme de colaborare,

în aara celor înscrise în prezentulprotocol, în măsura în care existăsolicitări întemeiate şi posibile dinpunct de vedere legal.▶ . 13. Partenerii vor depune di-ligenţe în vederea rezolvării numaipe cale amiabilă a neînţelegerilorivite între acestea cu privire la apli-carea protocolului.▶ . 1. Prezentul protocol vaintra în vigoare după ce va înre-gistrat în evidenţele părţilor sem-natare.▶ . 1. Pentru realizarea preve-derilor prezentului protocol părţile

desemnează următoarele persoanede contact:• din partea Parchetului de pe lân-gă Judecătoria Galaţi: procuror ................................................................şi greer .............................................;• din partea AMB: Ecaterina Prico-pe – preşedinte, tel. 0722.650.713, e-mail: [email protected], AsoronieConstantin - secretar, 0729.013.141,costin_aso@ yahoo.com.

▶ . 16. Prezentul protocol s-aîncheiat în două exemplare, câteunul pentru ecare parte, în data de..... noiembrie 2010.

PARCHEUL DE PE LÂNGĂJUDECĂORIA GALAŢI

PRIM PROCUROR P GÂCĂ N

ASOCIAŢIA MEDIAORILOR GALAŢI

PREŞEDINEPCP CN

tion ailed, by presenting the ocialreport about the conclusion o me-diation procedure by the mediator;• will collect statistic data aboutcases when mediation was used, thenumber o ordinances validatingmediation, the number o media-tion ailed;• will participate in conerences,seminars, V shows, debates in or-der to strengthen the trust o publicand litigants in the institution o mediation;• will promote the stipulations o the present protocol by any means,including the institution’s website;• will announce in mass-media theactions that are object o this cur-rent protocol.▶ . . F j- MG.

o ulll the protocol’s objective,AMG:• will give to the Prosecutor’s oceinormative materials about mediation• will organize within the Prosecu-tor’s oce promotion activities andwill assure the participation o media-tors or ADR experts in the conerenc-es, seminars and debates held withinthe institution concerning mediation;• will assure the direct and ecientcommunication with the Prosecu-tor’s Oce and will inorm its man-agement about the diculties metwhen implementing the legislationand good practices, in order toidentiy ways to solve them;• will supply, at prosecutors’ request,

ree inormation about mediation;• will promote the institution o mediation and the stipulations o thepresent protocol through the websiteand through any other legal means;• will ask the Mediation Councilto update the data gathered in thePanel o Mediators and will send tothe Prosecutor’s oce the list o au-thorized mediators;• will collect and promote pub-licly the validated mediation agree-ments, which are relevant, protect-ing however the personal data• will collect statistic data reerring

to the situations when mediationrequests were ormulated, whenmediation contracts were conclud-ed, the way in which the mediationprocedure was closed, the cases inwhich lawyers participated, thecases when public judicial help wasgiven, the cases when the media-tion agreements were legalized by the public notary, namely they wereagreed by the Prosecutor’s oce• will communicate to the pub-lic, at own initiative and will com-municate the Prosecutor’s oce,i requested, statistical data about

mediation.

CHAPtEr IV. HUMAN ANDfINANCIAL rEsOUrCEs▶ . 6. Te parties agree to sup-port the activities related to the ul-llment o the protocol’s objective,using available resources within thelimits jointly agreed upon.▶ . . Between the signing par-ties, the enorcement o the currentprotocol’s stipulations will be ree o charge.

CHAPtEr V. DUrAtION ANDCEAsE Of PrOtOCOL ▶ . 8. Te current collaborationprotocol is concluded or an unde-termined period o time since it issigned by the two parties.▶ . 9. Te protocol can be modi-ed and/or completed through ad-ditional papers signed by both sides.▶ . 10. Te present protocol willcease as ollows:• through consent o both part-ners;• through unilateral decision.

CHAPtEr VII. fINAL stIPULA- tIONs▶ . 11. Partners agree to col-laborate with other state institu-tions or NGOs in order to ulll theobjectives o this protocol and agreethat other associations o mediatorsrom Galati could aliate to thisprotocol, being attached the samerights and duties.

▶ . 12. Partners agree that otherorms o collaboration could be developed between the associations o prosecutors and mediators, in caseo grounded requests and possiblerom a legal point o view.▶ . 13. Parties will make e-orts in view o solving amiably themisunderstandings that may occurwhile enorcing the protocol.▶ . 1. Te current protocol be-comes valid as o its registration with-in the records o the signing parties.▶ . 1. In view o ullling thestipulations o the current protocol,

the parties name the ollowing con-tact persons:• rom the Prosecutor’s oce with-in the Galati Court o Law: pros-ecutor ................................................and court clerk .............................................................................................;• rom AMB: Ecaterina Pricope –president, tel. 0722.650.713, e-mail:[email protected], AsoronieConstantin - secretary, 0729 .013.141,costin_aso@ yahoo.com.▶ . 16. Te present protocol wasconcluded in two copies, one oreach party, on November, 2010

PROSECUOR’S OFFICEA GALAŢI COUR OF LAW

FIRS PROSECUOR P GÂCĂ N

ASSOCIAION OF MEDIAORSGALAŢI

PRESIDENPCP CN





38

COMUNICAt

U N M- FB organizeaza, la Brasov,

vineri 29 aprilie 2011, incepand cuorele 10,00, la ARO PALACE – SalaEuropa 1, Bulevardul Eroilor nr.27,Conerinta

„MEDIErEA ÎN sOCIEtAtEA rOMANEAsCA DE AzI”

Conerinta ,,Medierea in socie-tatea romaneasca de azi,, are dreptscop promovarea institutiei me-dierii, a proesiei de mediator in judetul Brasov, judetul Covasna si

in Romania, precum si aplicareaunitara a medierii, in vederea im-plementarii eciente a acesteia.

acestei conerinte sunt:• Identicarea rolului si im-

portantei a institutiei me-dierii.

• Consolidarea relatiei de in-credere in institutia medi-erii si intre participantii laactul de mediere.

• Beneciile utilizarii servici-ilor de mediere.

NM F B doresteca acest eveniment sa se desasoarein mod interactiv si propune urma-toarele teme pentru dezbatere:

1. Activitatea de mediere. Rea-litati si perspective.

2. Medierea din perspectivaexperientei mediatorilor sia reprezentantilor sisteme-lor sociale.

3. Acordul de mediere. Bene-cii si beneciari.

La aceasta conerinta sunt in- vitati reprezentanti ai Consiliului

de Mediere, ai Uniunii Nationalea Mediatorilor din Romania, aiConsiliului Superior al Magistra-turii, ai Ministerului de Justitie, aiMinisterului Finantelor Publice, aiGEMME - European Association o Judges or Mediation, ai Curtii de

Apel Brasov, ai ribunalului Brasov,ai Judecatoriei Brasov, ai Parche-tului de pe langa Curtea de ApelBrasov, ai Parchetului de pe langaribunalul Brasov, ai Inspectora-tului Judetean de Politie Brasov, aiInspectoratului Judetean de PolitieCovasna, ai Camerei Notarilor Pu-blici Brasov, ai Uniunii Nationalea Barourilor din Romania - BaroulBrasov si Baroul Covasna, ai In-stitutiei Preectului Judetul Brasov,ai Consiliului Judetean Brasov, aiPrimariei Municipiului Brasov, aiCamerei de Comert si IndustrieBrasov, ai Inspectoratului Scolar

Judetean Brasov, ai Directiei de Sa-natate Publica Brasov, ai Agentieipentru Protectia Mediului Brasov,ai Comisariatului Judetean pentruProtectia Consumatorilor Brasov,magistratii din judetul Brasov si ju-detul Covasna.

se vaace prin completarea ormu-larului de inscriere si trimitereaacestuia prin e-mail la adresa@. sau la tel/ax: 0268.3.20, pana la data de18 2011, iar conrmarea

platii taxei de participare, pana la21 aprilie 2011, la datele sus men-tionate.

Formularul de inscriere se ga-seste pe .. . axa departicipare este 200 lei/participantsi se achita in contul U.N.M.R. Fi-liala Brasov,, deschis la ING BANKSucursala Brasov.

Pentru participantii la conerinta,care doresc si cazare, aceasta esteasigurata la (5*) Hotel Aro PalaceBrasov, iar costul aerent unei ca-

mere single este de 55 euro/noapte,pentru data de 28.04.2011 cu posi-bilitate de prelungire in weekend.■

M Daniela Maria Sirbu Pesedne U.N.M.R.

Flala Basv

PrEss rELEAsE

National Union o Mediatorsrom Romania – Brasov-Branch organizes in Brasov,

on Friday April 29 2011, starting at10 a.m., at ARO PALACE – Europe1 Hall, 27 Bld. Eroilor, the Coner-ence

“MEDIAtION IN tODAy’srOMANIAN sOCIEty”

Te Conerence „Mediation intoday’s Romanian society” has thepurpose o promoting the institu-tion o mediation, the proession o mediator in Brasov County, Covas-

na County and in Romania, and alsothe unitary application o mediationor an ecient implementation.

T j o the conerence are:• Te identication o the

role and the importance o mediation.

• Te strengthening o atrust relationship in themediation institution andbetween the participants tomediation act.

• Te benets o using themediation service.

.N.M.. B B aimsthat the event to develop into an in-teractive manner and suggests theollowing themes or debates:

1. Te mediation activity. Re-alities and perspectives.

2. Te mediation through theperspective o the media-tors and o the representa-tives o the social systems.

3. Te mediation agreement.Benets and beneciaries.

o the conerence are invited

representatives o the MediationCouncil, the National Union o Mediators, the Superior Council o Magistracy, the Ministry o Justice,the Ministry o Public Finance, theEuropean Association o Judgesor Mediation – GEMME, the Ap-

pellate Court Brasov, Te Brasov Couty ribunal, the CourthouseBrasov, the Appellate Court Pros-ecutors’ Oce in Brasov, the Bra-sov County ribunal Prosecutors’Oce, the Brasov County PoliceInspectorate, the Covasna County Police Inspectorate, the Brasov Chamber o Notaries Public, theNational Union o Lawyers’ Barsin Romania – Brasov Lawyer Barand Covasna Lawyer Bar, the Pre-ect Institution o Brasov County,the County Council Brasov, theCity Hall o Brasov, the Chambero Commerce and Industry Brasov,

the School Inspectorate Brasov, theOce o Public Health Brasov, theAgency or Environment ProtectionBrasov, the County Commissariator the Consumers Protection, themagistrates rom Brasov county and Covasna county.

T - to be sent by e-mail to@. or to tel./ax0268.3.20, by 18 2011,and the participation ee by April21 2011.

Te registration orm can bedownloaded rom ...Te participation ee is 200 lei/par-ticipant, to be paid into the accounto U.N.M.R. Brasov Branch in INGBANK Brasov Branch.

For the participants to the con-erence seeking accommodation, itis ensured by Aro Palace Hotel Bra-sov (5*); the cost per single room is55 euro/night or 28.04.2011, withthe possibility o prolongation overthe weekend. ■

M Daniela Maria Sirbu Pesden U.N.M.R.

Basv Banch

UNIUNEA NAtIONALă A MEDIAtOrILOr DIN rOMANIA fILIALA BrAsOV

Brasov, Str. Iuliu Maniu, Nr. 43, Etaj 2, Birou 211,CIF: 27090340

Tel./Fax: 0268 543 720,[email protected]; www.unmrbv.ro



th M M Md

t Sh and th ld Syf Hdy ep lwFd organise between02.06.2011-05.06.2011 the ollowingcourse: “ Advanced techniques inmediation” in Buzău, Buzău County.The course is held with direct supportrom the Buzau Association of MediationCenter and is dedicated to mediators andtrainers in the eld. The trainers are:Sir Hy Bk, P rdph and Sps Hd. The trainingmodule is held with 15 attendants.

Details on the course: [email protected] or www.fmmm.ro.

Ş d Fm Md

M M şi Fdţ th ldSy f Hdy ep lwFd organizează în perioada

02.06.2011-05.06.2011 cursul „Tehnici avansate în mediere” la Buzău, judeţul

Buzău. Cursul se desăşoară cu sprijinuldirect al Asociaţiei Centrul de MediereBuzău şi se adresează mediatorilor şiormatorilor în domeniu. Formatorii

sunt: Sir Hy Bk,P rdph şi Sps Hd.

Modulul de pregătirese realizează cu 15 cursanţi.

Detalii asupra cursului la: [email protected] sau www.fmmm.ro.

Buzău, Str. Panduri, Nr. 3 (sediu Direcţia Silvică)Telefon: 0730.510.765, Fax: 0238.727.952

Email: [email protected], Web: www.mediere-buzau.ro

NN CN M N MÂNCENTRUL MEDIATORILOR PROFESIONIŞTI – BUCUREŞTIStr. Iedului, Nr. 2, Bl. 148B, Sc. 1, Ap. 1, Parter, Sector 6, BucureştiTel: 0722.831.823, 0752.217.004; E-mail: [email protected]

Web: www. mediatori.org.ro



Birou de mediator

■MiHăilă c. DorinBrăila, Str. Calea Galaţi,

Bl. F, Parter, Ap.3,

Tel.: 0722.388.132;

E-mail: [email protected];

[email protected]

Birou de mediator

■Daniela Maria SîrBuBraşov, Str. Iuliu Maniu, Nr. 43,

Et. 2, Birou 211

Tel.: 0268.543.720, 0740.071.540

E-mail: [email protected]

Birou de mediator

■ ion oniŞorGalaţi, Str. Nae Leonard Nr. 3,

Bl. C3A, Parter, Birou 2-3

Tel.: 0757.033.797


Birou de mediator

■aurora cioroBeaCâmpina, B-dul Carol I Nr. 44, Bl. 12D2,

Sc. A, Et.1, Ap, 5, Jud. Prahova

Tel.: 0727.988.265, Fax: 0244.333.465


Birou de mediator

■Mugur MitroiBucureşti, Str. Leonida Varnali,

Nr. 29, Sect. 1

Tel.: 0753.103.613


Website: www.mmm.ro

Birou de mediator

■MăDălina calcanBucureşti, Sector 1, Str. Leonida

Birou de mediator

■gHeorgHe năStaSeStr. Unirii Bl. 21 AB I, Etaj 5,

Birou de mediator

■ ion DeliuBirou de mediator

■Danciu ioan Viorel

Birou de mediator

■ Florentina StăneScuBucureşti, Strada Soa,

www.mediereatehnicasiarta.ro

www.portalmediere.ro

www.medieretv.ro

www.fmmm.ro

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