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92 CHAPTER 8 SECTION 4
Germany produced one of the greatest earlyRomantic writers.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethewrote The Sorrows of Young Werther. It
was a storyabout a young man who kills himself after he fallsin
love with a married woman.
British Romantic poets William Wordsworthand Samuel Taylor
Coleridge honored nature asthe source of truth and beauty. A type
of horrorstory called a Gothic novel became popular. Novelssuch as
Mary Shelleys Frankenstein were talesabout good and evil.
Romanticism was important in music as well.Composers wrote music
to appeal to the hearts andsouls of listeners. Ludwig van
Beethoven, aGerman, was the foremost of these composers.Romanticism
made music a popular art form.
1. What did Romantic thinkers and artists value?
The Shift to Realism in the Arts(pages 266267)
What is realism?
In the middle 1800s, thegrim realities of industri-al life made
the dreams of romanticism seem silly.A new movement aroserealism.
Artists andwriters tried to show life as it really was. They
usedtheir art to protest unfair social conditions. Frenchwriter
Emile Zolas books revealed harsh working
conditions for the poor. They led to new lawsaimed at helping
those people. In England,Charles Dickens wrote many novels that
showedhow poor people suffered in the new industrialeconomy.
A new device, the camera, was developed inthis period.
Photographers used cameras to cap-ture realistic images on
film.
2. For what purposes did writers use realism?
Impressionists React Against
Realism (page 267)
What is impressionism?
In the 1860s, Parisian painters reacted against therealistic
style. This new art styleimpression-ismused light and light-filled
colors to producean impression of a subject or moment in
time.Impressionist artists like Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste
Renoir glorified the delights of the life ofthe rising middle class
in their paintings.
Composers created music that set a mood by usingdifferent music
structures, instruments, or patterns.
3. What was the focus of Impressionist art and music?
