Upload
vuque
View
223
Download
5
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Détente
Period of Détente (1969-1979)
Ease of tension between the United States and the
Soviet Union
Discussion on Arms Control, and improvement of
relations
Fears of a Nuclear Conflict slightly lessened as
agreements made their in diverting global
catastrophe
Détente
Was a period of “Peace” between the
U.S and Soviet Union
However, accumulation of Weapons carefully
expanded
Placed regulations increased competition
Formal Agreements
SALT I & II
Different interpretations of Détente
Détente
Richard Nixon became the first United
States President to visit Moscow
Focus on his achievements from his foreign policies
Social Changes were unfavorable
Soviet Union - Stray United States from becoming
to involved with China
Détente
United States and China - Rapprochement to China
Primary reason to improve relations with China was because of the Vietnam War
Lessen future conflicts derived from conflict in VIetnam
Gain advantage over Soviet Union and North Korea
Nixon eased trade and travel restrictions
Nixon was able to secretly establish a channel to China (PRC) through the Pakistani President,
Yahya Khan
PRC favored the channel as Mao Zedong gave interest in being able to hold discussions
regarding trade relations
Détente
Eased trade and travel restrictions
Nixon uplifted the restriction of Americans
visiting mainland China
February 21, 1972, Nixon became the first
United States President to visit mainland
China
China and Taiwan
United States withdrew soldiers from Taiwan
SALT I & II
Strategic Arms Limitations Talks
Proposed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967. Full
scale agreement began in November 1969
“Arms Race Reduction”
Negotiations between the Soviet Union and the
United States regarding Nuclear Weaponry
Placed Restrictions on the capability of carrying
Nuclear Weapons
Two Agreements: SALT 1 and SALT 2
SALT I
May 27, 1972, First signed by the United States and the Soviet Union
Treaty on Anti-Ballistic Missile and the Interim Agreement and Protocol on Limitation of Strategic
Offensive weapons.
Signed by General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party Leonid Brezhnev and by U.S
President Richard Nixon in a meeting at Moscow
Regulations
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty regulated antiballistic missiles (For ICBMs)
1 Anti-Ballistic Missile deployment area and 100 interceptor missiles
SALT I
The regulations prevented either side from defending more than a small fraction of its entire territory
The Interim Agreement froze each side’s number of ICBMs and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) at current levels for five years, pending negotiation of a more detailed SALT II.
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on August 3, 1972
Richard Milhous Nixon
Born: January 9,1913, Yorba Linda, CA
Died: April 22, 1994, Manhattan, New York
City, NY
Republican Party
37th President of the United States (Jan.
20, 1969 - Aug. 9,1974)
First and only United States President to
resign from office
Richard Nixon
Lessened tension with China and
Soviet Union
Withdrawal of United States troops
from the war in Vietnam
Vietnamization
The withdrawing troops would train
South Vietnamese army forces
January 1973, Peace agreement
with North Vietnam
Richard Milhous Nixon’s Re-election
November of 1972
Faced Senator George McGovern
Won with a 23.2% margin of victory in the popular vote
Popular Vote
Richard M. Nixon - 46,740,323
George McGovern - 28,901,598
Electoral Vote
Richard M. Nixon - 520
George McGovern - 17
Nixon won all states except Massachusetts
Watergate Scandal
June 17, 1972 Washington D.C
Five men were arrested at the Water Office Building for reason being a break-in of the
Democratic National Committee
Four of the men had been formerly active in the CIA - 3 were of Cuban heritage
Nixon’s Committee to Re-elect the President (CREEP)
Watergate Scandal
The Break-in
The men were equipped with tools for
eavesdropping
Discovered to have been attempting to
wiretap official phones and stealing
documents
Led by James McCord director of CREEP
Frank Willis (security guard)
Watergate Scandal
Richard Nixon
CREEP
G.Gordon Liddy (Counsel to the finance
committee) was fired
Attorney General John Mitchell resigned
Democratic National Committee sued CREEP
for $1 million
Bernard Barker was found to have been using
money from campaign funds raised from
Nixon
Watergate Scandal
Investigations
February 1973, the Senate established a committee
Uncovered secret White House tape recordings
“Hush Money”
Nixon’s plan to use the CIA to hinder the FBI’s investigation
1974, the House of Representatives authorized the Judiciary
Committee to consider impeachment proceedings against
NIxon
Nixon resigned from office on August 9, 1974. He was
replaced by Vice President Gerald Ford
OPCVL
Origin
August 8th, 1974, President Richard Nixon announces his resignation that was nationally televised
Purpose
After faced with the talk of impeachment proceedings from the the House Judiciary, Nixon had drawn up to close his 2nd term of Presidency. To be acquitted for the evidence of being involved with the Watergate Scandal, Nixon found it best for the American people to have a U.S President blameless of illegal espionage.
Value
Nixon’s continuance of Presidency?
Nixon’s reasons for relaying his efforts of denying accusations was for the American people.
Limitation
Gerald Ford
Born July 14, 1913 Omaha, NE
Died December 26, 2006, Rancho Mirage, CA
38th President
First Unelected President
Ford Pardoned Nixon for any criminal charges over his
involvement in the Watergate Scandal
Upon taking office Ford was faced with inflation, a depressed
economy, solving energy shortages and proceeding World
Peace
James Earl “JImmy” Carter Jr.
Born October 1, 1924, Lillian G. Carter Nursing
Center, Plains, GA
Democratic Party
39th United States President
(Jan. 20, 1977 - Jan. 20 1981)
Jimmy Carter
Devote Christian
Became very active at the Plains Baptist Church
Won Georgia State Senate in 1962, and was reelected
in 1964
Quest for Presidency
1970 Governorship
Featured in Time Magazine
Announced for Presidency in 1974
Message: “I’ll never tell a lie.”
Jimmy Carter
Camp David Accords September 17 1978
Agreements between Israel and Egypt
Negotiations at Camp David in Maryland
Peace agreement signed by Egyptian President Anwar
el-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem
Begin
Sadat and Begin were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
“Framework for Peace in the Middle East”
SALT II
June 18,1979, Signed by Jimmy Carter and Leonid
Brezhnev in Vienna
Limit on Launchers - 2400 overall for each side
MIRVed, ICBMs, MIRVed SLBMs, Heavy Bombers and total
number of launchers
Arms Race Fear
United States feared that the Soviets were able to jump ahead
in
Soviets fear of U.S and China relationship
SALT II
“Sell out”
Did very little to control the Arms Race
Carter then had to remove the treaty from senate consideration in Jan 1980 after the Soviet
Union invaded Afghanistan
Later newer negotiation opened in Geneva in 1982 took the name of Strategic
Arms Reduction Talks
Jimmy Carter
1977
Ended 20 years of secret CIA bribes to Jordanian king
lectured Senators on minutiae about Africa
Boycotted 1980 Olympics in response to USSR
Afghan invasion
1980
Broke promise of no more refugees to Fort Chaffee
Sources
"Watergate scandal." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 10 Jan. 2017. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Watergate-scandal/76257#302382.toc. Accessed 7 Mar. 2017.
"Camp David Accords." Britannica LaunchPacks, Encyclopædia Britannica, 15 Jan. 2016. packs.eb.com/social-studies/148243/article/19831. Accessed 3 Mar. 2017.
"Détente." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 3 Mar. 2009. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/d%C3%A9tente/472198. Accessed 3 Mar. 2017.
Sources
"Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2 Feb. 2017. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Strategic-Arms-Limitation-Talks/69899. Accessed 3 Mar. 2017.
History.com Staff. "Jimmy Carter." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.
"Carter and Brezhnev sign the SALT-II treaty." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.
History.com Staff. "Watergate Scandal." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.
History.com Staff. "Richard M. Nixon." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 3 Mar. 2017. "Nixon re-elected president." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.
"Watergate: The Scandal That Brought Down Richard Nixon." Watergateinfo. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.
http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Jimmy_Carter_Foreign_Policy.htm