RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia

RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and AsiaRIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia

Geographic Information System and its Application in Hydro-

Meteorology

Training Course on “Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting and GIS Application”

RIMES, Bangkok, Thailand, 09th March 2010.

Jothiganesh ShanmugasundaramDecision Support Tool Development Specialist.

RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia

Presentation Outline

GIS OverviewSAVGIS Introduction & FunctionalitiesGeodatabase & Data TypesMeteorological ApplicationsSurface Observatory Data ManagementForecast Data ManagementForecast VerificationSpatial InterpolationWeather Parameter PlotsHazard & Risk AssessmentSAVGIS in Hydro-Met ApplicationsExercises for Practice

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GIS Overview

A System to capture, store, analyze, manage, and display the data that is linked to location.GIS tools allow users to visualize spatial data (2D&3D), create interactive queries, analyze spatial information, and generate maps.

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GIS has information of a object

Where it is?, What it is?

What if? Where if? When if?

GIS can also answer

Hardware

Software

Database

Modeling

Outputs

Visualization

Analysis


GIS Overview

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World Asia Country District

Complexity in reading and

understanding

Easy to read and

understandLevel of Mapping


SAVGIS IntroductionSAVATECADatabase generation & management

SAVEDITDigitizing new relations, Import *.shp files, data quality checks and data format conversion

SAVAMERRaster and Vector data georeferencing, mosaicing and Integration.

SAVANEMain module for Mapping and Analysis of data, Spatial and Surface Analysis functions, Geodatabase Visualization, Statistical and Geo-statistical Analysis.

1. System developed since 1984.

2. Dr. Marc Souris, Institute of Research for Development (IRD, France) is the key person behind this.

3. Freely available GIS tool www.savgis.org

3. Compatible with other GIS tool files and formats such as ESRI shape file, Ascii, Excel, Access etc.,

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SAVGIS FunctionalitiesGeographic database management 2D and 3D visualizationSpatial analysisStatistical and Geo-statistical functions (Histograms, regression, covariance and PCA, Chi2,Ttest, Bayesian, Getis-Ord, Monte Carlo approach, Moran stat, etc.,)Interpolation techniquesDigital elevation modelsData imports and exports (Shapefile, GeoTIFF…)Spatial queries Embedded Google Maps window…

Remote-sensing and Image processingDigitization from Raster data such as scanned paper maps, satellite images etc.,Buffer and Network AnalysisProjection conversion and datum transformations

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Geodatabase

SAVGIS - Geodatabase is a database with group of geographical relations (Vector and Raster) layered in single base. Relations are connected with attributes which has the properties and details of the objects (linked with a location).

Geographic extent may vary from global to local scale. For example a geodatabase can be developed for whole world and also for a very small administrative area.

Geodatabase have all the datasets in same projection. It remains unaffected unless user delete in SAVATECA.

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Geo-data Type

Polygon1. Administrative

boundaries

2. Land use

3. Geology map etc.,

Pixel based1. ESRI ASCII2.Image formats: tiff, jpeg, bmp3. Grid datasets

RASTER DATAVECTOR DATA

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Polyline1. Rivers and

streams2. Roadways3. Railways etc.,

Point1. Village location2. Landmarks3. Met Station

location etc.,


Digital Elevation Model

DEM is elevation dataset from USGSDEM elevation data can used to determine slope, aspect, hill shade and contour in SAVGIS

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Hill Shade Slope


Spatial Analysis

Analysis which allows the user to study the relationship between location and its characteristics geographic feature. It is very useful for analyzing meteorological or hydrologic data in terms of geographic distribution, and for verification analyses of forecasts and warnings.

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Figure shows rainfall distribution over the Bhutan region. Also it represents how it varies from place to place (spatially). Whatever objects you analyze with respect to space, it is called spatial analysis


Temporal Analysis

Analysis which allows the user to study the variations of a parameter or phenomenon of a object over a location or geographic region.

• Analyze patterns and behaviors• Identify anomalies

Temporal analysis of grid location in Bhutan


GIS in Hydro-Met Applications

Weather Database Management : Spatial and Temporal datasets of surface observatory and Forecast productsGenerate Value added products by adding Geographical Information to forecast.Serves to interpret and analyze scientific productsHelps in Decision making purposes for issuance of warnings and verification.

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Exposure assessment with help of demography, environmental and socio-economic dataHistorical impacts analysis for deriving thresholds by case analysis.Evolving the process of generating pre-impact scenarios


Data Generation

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Observations from sensor networks: satellites, radars, or ground-based stations

Model simulation data

Source: NOAA, USA

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Observatory data – Point data (Vector)Satellite images as RASTER files (pixel based values)Model data is always in Grid format. It can be either used directly as grid or point data format into GIS. All point dataset can be made as surface using spatial interpolation techniques in GIS

Data Management

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Analyze patterns and trendSpatiotemporal relationships among weather eventsVerify forecast model output and observations data - Model validationEvaluate Potential Impacts

Data Analysis


Why Weather and Geography?

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Better visualization for better interpretation and understanding

Knowledge about influence of a parameter with respect to geography and period.

Help to make decisions for managing the impacts and influence of the event in sectors like Agriculture, Water resource, Drainage, Infrastructure, Transportation, Irrigation etc.,

Source: GOOGLE


Weather & Geography

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Regional Forecast Map

Nghe Province

Disticts: Tan Ky, Yen Ti, Yen Thanh, Dien Chau, Do Luong, Ahn Son

GIS Generates

Value Added

Information


Weather &Geography

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When to transplant?

When to plant?

When to store water?

Successful WMP !

Assist in analyzing the influence of a parameter (rainfall) over an element in a geographical area with respect to period

Especially use weather information's for Decision making purposes during various cropping stages.

• Ploughing• Seedling• Transplanting• Harvesting


Hazard Thresholds

What is the threshold value of rainfall in a geographic area to trigger an impact (hazard)?

Heavy Rainfall can cause? Flood..

Flood can affect?Livelihood..Infrastructure…Agriculture…Etc.,

Heavy Rainfall?Rainfall amount which can cause impacts for society(Ex: 300mm/day or 200mm.hr)

What is threshold?

What it cause and Where?

What is Impact?

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Paddy field Case

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What?

Where?When?

Impacts

1. Flooding in paddy field2. Crop damage3. Economic loss High

(because it is at harvesting stage)

Hazard functions

More than 150mm in 24hours in November month on a paddy field creates flooding in the field and huge crop damage.

25 November 2009

Sukothai and Nakon Ratchasima Province

200mm rainfall

Hypothetical Scenario


Uttaradit Landslide Case

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What?

Where?When?

Impacts1. Building collapse2. Human Causalities3. Affects vegetation

pattern

Hazard functionsMore than 150mm rainfall may trigger Landslides in the Hazard Zones.

25 November 2009

Uttaradit Province

200mm rainfall

Rainfall forecast

Rainfall Alert level

0-50

No risk

50-100

Ready

100-150

Alert

150-300

Evacuate



Drainage Case Study

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Impacts

1. Drainage problem2. Flooding 3. Traffic

Hazard functions

More than 200mm in 3hours in Bangkok areas which has elevation less than 2m from MSL and creates Flood in roads

What?

Where?When? 25 November 2009

Bangkok Province

200mm rainfall



Potential Impact?

Collateral Hazards Flooding, Landslide.

What kind of Impact?Human affectedBuilding damagesCrop damagesLivestock affectedLivelihood activities stoppedTransportation routes blocked Drainage pipes Health Issues

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SectorsInfrastructureAgricultureSocio EconomicWater ResourceTransportation


Elements at Risk?Identifying the elements exposed (not Vulnerable) in the Hazard Zone, which is likely to have an impacts for a disaster event

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Elements Description

Population No. of people (Age group)

Households No. of houses (Brick, Thatched, Wood)

Livestock No. of live stocks (cows, chicken, goat)

Agriculture Area of crops (paddy, Groundnut, Sugarcane)

Community Places Schools, Colleges, Community Halls etc.,

Critical Infrastructure Airports, Mines, Gas station, etc.,


How Decision Makers use Information?

Identify thresholds for your regionCheck forecast for your location and translate into easily understandable form

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1. People in villages ____ Stay Alert 2. People in villages_____ Evacuate to High Ground3. Stored Water in parcels has to be released in 24

hours in order to avoid flooding the next day, which may affect crops

4. People who wish to travel through this road ___should avoid, because there are likely chances of flooding in the river near the road.

5. Schools___ in this area will be closed.


Weather and Exposure..

Warnings included with risk index for population, landmarks, land cover, and utility infrastructure.

Source: NOAA,GDACS

Tropical cyclone AILA-09


Weather and Exposure..

Affected PopulationUp to 24.35 million people can be affected by wind speeds of tropical storm strength or above.

Affected Country (provinces) (population)Bangladesh (Khulna) (31312853), Bangladesh (Rajshahi) (29285383), India (Bihar) (91443350), India (West Bengal) (58245559).Affected Critical InfrastructuresNo nuclear plants affectedNo airports affectedNo ports affectedNo dams affected

Affected CitiesSource: NOAA,GDACS


Weather Plot

• Rainfall• Temperature• Wind speed• Mean Sea Level• Wind Direction• Ground Potential Height

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Forecast Verification

Day3Forecast

Day2Forecast

Day1Forecast

0.79 0.79 0.79

Day3Forecast

Day2Forecast Day1Forecast

0.80 0.78 0.78

Observation & Forecast Comparison

Grid Analysis

Accuracy

Probability of detection

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TRMM Rainfall Database

TRMM Database Development from 1999 to 2009 for East Timor

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Flood Mapping

Flood Map of Srilanka

Flooding in Central Vietnam

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Exercise for Practice

The first exercise is to explore about the SAVGIS tool. Starting the software, Map explorer, Display the relations, Colour Shades, Symbols, Map layout etc.,The second exercise is to import the TRMM data into GIS and generate rainfall surface map.The third exercise is to import the surface observatory rainfall data into GIS and generate rainfall surface map.The fourth exercise is to import the forecast data into GIS and plot weather forecast maps (rainfall, wind speed & wind direction).The fifth exercise is to identify the threshold & geographic area, make query in GIS to find elements at risk (population).

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Thank you….

Questions

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Documents

RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia