Rinumërimi i Inicialeve Që Pembajnë Alifin i Vitit 2002 Nga Submission

8/2/2019 Rinumrimi i Inicialeve Q Pembajn Alifin i Vitit 2002 Nga Submission

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The Updated Count of the Quranic initial ALM and ALR in Quran

Submission.org editorial note

Disclaimer: A thorough recount of the Quranic initials, conducted in 2002, by Submission.org, using

both manual as well as two different computer counting programs, has confirmed Dr. Rashad Khalifa's

counts of all the Quranic initials except for a few counts in the initials "A" (Alef) and "L" (Laam).

However, the recent recount of Quranic initials remains divisible by 19 and is a part of the

Mathematical Miracle of the Quran. The latest details of the recounts can be reviewed and verifiedusing Quran Inspector. Research on the "A"(alef) and "L" (Lam) counts is ongoing.

This article represents the research that these new recounts are based on. This is by no means the end ofthe research but rather the continuation of it, as more sophisticated tools become available to us. So far,

there has been no proof of any count that is different from what we presented here in this article in May

2002. God willing, this recount will be updated if different and correct findings are confirmed.

Summary: This is a study of the total count of the Quranic initials, ALM and

the ALR in the Quran using both manual count as well as a computer assisted

count of the Quran written in a text format and corrected to the original

Uthmani method of writing. Our study showed that the total count of both the

ALM and the ALR initials of all the suras that start with these initials is a

multiple of 19. All the suras that start with the same initials have to be addedtogether to produce the multiple of 19 phenomena as the one seen in the HM

initialed group and which is a character of the mathematical miracle of the

Quran. Our study finds that the Hafs method of writing the Quran is the

method kept in shape with the transmitted written and oral verses of the Quran

except for few human errors and therefore preserved the mathematical miracle

of the Quran as God promised in 15:9.

Materials and Method:

The Quran is characterized by a unique phenomenon never found in any other

book; 29 suras are prefixed with 14 different sets of "Quranic Initials,"consisting of one to five letters per set. Fourteen letters, half the Arabic

alphabet, participate in these initials. The significance of the Quranic initials

remained a divinely guarded secret for 14 centuries.

The Quran states in 10:20 and 25:4-6that its miracle, i.e., proof of divine

authorship, was destined to remain secret for a specific predetermined interim:

[Quran 10:20] They say, "How come no miracle came down to him from his Lord?"

Say, "The future belongs to God; so wait, and I am waiting along with you."

[Quran 25:4] Those who disbelieved said, "This is a fabrication that he produced, with

the help of some other people." They have uttered a blasphemy and a falsehood.[Quran 25:5] They also said, "Tales from the past that he wrote down; they were

dictated to him day and night."

[Quran 25:6] Say, "This was revealed by the One who knows the Secret in the

heavens and the earth. He is Forgiving, Most Merciful."

The Quranic Initials constitute a major portion of the Quran's 19-based.

mathematical miracle. These initials include, ALM, ALR, ALMR, ALMS,Q,

KHY'AS, S, YS, TH, TSM ,TS, HM, HM, 'ASQ and NUN. For easy


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references, we used the English alphabet in place of the Arabic ones, e.g. for

the Alif (Alef) , we used "A", for the Lam, we used "L", for the Meem, we

used "M", for the Reh, we used "R" , for the Sad, we used the bold "S"....etc.

Our study of the Quranic initials, that has the letter Alif in it, started when it

was brought to our attention that the count of the Arabic letter Alif, in the

suras initialed with Alif, has been disputed and reported differently by

different researchers. These different counts reflect the difficulty in counting

the Arabic alphabet Alif, and the disagreement over its writing , orthography

(Rasm), its inclusion or exclusion. The Arabic alphabet Alif is also the most

distorted alphabet when examined in different editions of the Quran as some

scholars gave to themselves the liberty to add, delete or modify the writing of

the alif. We, however, know that God promised topreserve the Quran (not

the Mus-haf, the ink and paper). God therefore deliberately gave us the

possession of many editions of the Quran including some of the oldest written

Qurans and also gave us a tool to test and check these editions, the

Mathematical Miracle of the Quran. It was definitely God's plan that the

review of the letter Alif happens after the mathematical miracle has alreadybeen established and proved without the need for any single alphabet. This

was a mean for God to give us the correction tool to the many human errors

seen in the different editions of the Quran circulating today and to achieve

what He promised of preserving the Quran as the one in the Master Tablets,

(85:21-22). This tool, the mathematical miracle, will always be available to

test and check any edition of the Quran, new or old. It is therefore clear that

our work today represents what is seen in what we can call the everyday

editions of the Quran. Further research and study supported by proofs, is

expected , encouraged and welcome.

[Quran 85:21] Indeed, it is a glorious Quran.[Quran 85:22] In a preserved master tablet.

We also need to emphasize that neither the Quran nor its miracle are

accessible to the disbelievers or idol-worshipers. It is God's system that they

are blocked from seeing the truth as they chose not to believe or to associate

others with God already.

[Quran 17:82] We send down in the Quran healing and mercy for the believers. At the

same time, it only increases the wickedness of the transgressors.

[Quran 17:45] When you read the Quran, we place between you and those who do not

believe in the Hereafter an invisible barrier.[Quran 17:46] We place shields around their minds, to prevent them from

understanding it, and deafness in their ears. And when you preach your Lord, using

the Quran alone,* they run away in aversion.

[Quran 2:118] "......... WE DO MANIFEST THE MIRACLES FOR THOSE WHO

HAVE ATTAINED CERTAINTY."


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Our findings will continue to disturb those who cannot see the miracle of the

Quran, or those who abuse the miracle or miss the meaning or the message of

the Quran, just as the previous verses promise.

We, recently, have obtained the Quran written in text format for our computer

study, however, the text format did not follow the Uthmani orthography

(Rasm) and therefore cannot be used to count the Quranic initials as such. We

decided to correct the computer Arabic text format of the Quran that we

obtained into the Uthmani Rasm (Orthography). We used the standard Hafs

edition taken after the 1918 edition of the Quran in Cairo Egypt and later by

King Fahd edition in Saudi Arabia. For the manual count we used a copy of

King Fahd edition and also used for cross-reference seven other editions of

the Quran printed in Egypt, Syria and Saudi Arabia, all of them according to

Hafs. We also had to check on some words in question by using the images of

the Gold Koran, one of the oldest available copies of the Quran, at The

Sheridan Libraries , The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland , at

their site; http://goldkoran.mse.jhu.edu/

After the correction of the computer text file, we counted the letter Alif using

the computer and also using manual count to compare the counts. We have

realized that some of the Uthmani Rasm of certain letters was not available

yet for the computer program we were using but we were able to substitute it

with the same letters although in a different font. For this reason all the

hamzas written on an extension (madda), e.g. , we replaced

them with a free standing hamza. We also changed the different forms of Alifs

into one alif to facilitate the count and avoid mistakes. If a program is using

the Unicode for the Arabic alphabets, no change in the forms of ALif or

hamza will be needed except probably for the hamzas on madda (extension)..Until we get the correct font and activated Unicode for these letters, we will

continue to use the regular font that is still available to all of those who use

the computer and Arabic fonts. We have posted the Arabic text we used for

the count on our site as part ofQuran Inspector. To achieve the best visual

comparison of the verses and to facilitate the manual count, we pasted the

image of each verse taken from the Hafs edition of King Fahd Mus-haf below

its respective computer text when we corrected the computer text and when

we did our manual count. We used color codes of the alphabets to make the

visual presentation easier for the eye for manual count.

Counting the Alifs also include counting the letter Hamza that is used many

times as alif as will be shown later. The letter Alif in Arabic can be seen in

many shapes:

Hamza is unique in Arabic in many respects. It takes one of four forms:

distinctly pronounced, lightened, changed, or deleted altogether. These

different ways are observed in readings of the Quran and the various Arab

dialects. In the writing of the hamza itself, Quranic and normal orthography


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are similar in many ways. In some aspects, however, Quranic rasm differs, as

Quran has its unique way that is meant to preserve the mathematical structure

built in its Rasm (Orthography). Hamza can be used as a yaa or a waw as well

as an alif. All the hamzas that are standing free in a word and the Hamzas

written on an extension of a letter (Madda) are counted as alifs.

standing free Hamzas like: , , ,

Hamzas written on an extension of a letter: , ,

, ,

Hamzas written on a stem (Nabra), or under a stem is counted as a yaa. For

example:

, , , ,

Hamzas written on a Lam Alif , in words where the alif is actually a hamza

and an alif, is the most deceiving as it looks like two alifs but actually it is

three alifs (two alifs and a hamza) for example , . If you

look carefully at these words you will notice the insistence of the scribes to

write the Hamza in these words between the Lam and the alif . Compare these

words with other words that only has lam alif as in , where

there is only one lam and one alif , the hamza is specially positioned on top ofthe alif.

Hamza written on a yaa is counted as a yaa, as in , .

Hamza written on a waw is counted as a waw as in:

We used the same system and consistency in counting the Alifs (and Hamzas)

in all the suras that start with the initials ALM and the ALR. We felt that all

the suras that have the same initials are related and form one group related to

one another. We used the computer also to count the letters Lam , Meem andReh.

Some of the readers of this article may find it helpful to read our short article

about "How to count the Quranic initials". Other related articles that may

help understand this topic include, "Are all the Arabic versions of the Quran

the same ?"and also,"Preservingand protecting the Quran"


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Results:

We counted first the ALM initialed suras, Sura 2, 3, 29, 30, 31 and 32. One

major difficulty encountered was the easily missed alifs during manual count

that were then compared with the computer count and with each other's counts

then corrected. The Hamzas written on madda can also be easily missed in the

manual count. Having more than one person counting is very important in thereview process. We encountered only one orthographic difference among the

recent editions of the Quran. This can be seen in verse 3:136. In verse 3:136,

the word "Jaza'uhum" is written without an alif in the Egyptian and Syrian

editions (reference 5 , 6 and 7) but with an alif in the King Fahd edition. The

orthography of3:136as written in the Egyptian and Syrian edition, maintains

the mathematical structure in the ALM suras. The total of all the ALMs in the

ALM initialed suras is a multiple of 19. See table 1;

Table 1, Count of the initial ALM

Sura No. A (Alif and Hamza) L (Lam) M (Meem) Total ALM

2 4504 3202 2195 9901

3 2510 1892 1249 5651

29 771 554 344 1669

30 542 394 317 1253

31 353 297 173 823

32 264 155 158 577

Total 8944 6494 4436 19874

19874 = 19 X 1046

The initial ALR total has also been found to be a multiple of 19 when we add

all the initials in all the suras that start with the ALR. We, however, run into

what we realized was a human (scribe error) in the orthography of two words

insura 10 in the Egyptian edition and King Fahd edition of the Arabic Quran.


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We will explain the proof for this conclusion in the discussion section to

follow. See table 2.

Table 2, Count of the initial ALR

Sura No. A (Alif and Hamza) L (Lam) R (Reh) Total ALR

10 1321 913 257 2491

11 1373 795 325 2493

12 1315 812 257 2384

14 589 452 160 1201

15 493 323 96 912

Total 5091 3295 1095 9481

9481 = 19 X 499

As for those interested in the number of Hamzas in every of these suras, we

include table 3 and 4 to help those searching this issue;

Table 3, Count of Alif and Hamza in the ALM group

Sura No. A (Alif and Hamza) Alif Hamza

2 4504 4217 287

3 2510 2353 157

29 771 715 56


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Table 3, Count of Alif and Hamza in the ALM group


30 542 496 46

31 353 340 13

32 264 245 19

Total 8944 8365 579

Table 4, Count of Alif and Hamza in the ALR group


10 1321 1225 96

11 1373 1280 93

12 1315 1237 78

14 589 553 36

15 493 461 32

Total 5091 4756 335

Discussion

It has been a great promise by God Almighty to preserve the Quran, see 15:9.

The the majority of the Muslims, however, misled by many scholars, were

made to believe that verse 15:9 means God will preserve and protect the Mus-

haf, the human written books, ink and papers. This is not what God promised

to preserve in 15:9. He promised to preserve the Quran that He revealed to

prophet Muhammed. The Mus-haf is no more than the human writing or


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collection of the Quran in books, papers, papyri, bones, palm leaves....etc and

is not the handwriting of God. We are all aware that Uthman, the third Khalifa

in the Islamic history, gathered his scribes and ordered them to collect the

Quran that was already written during the prophet's life into one book. They

did just that. They wrote several copies. The writers were no more than human

beings and madenumerous human errors in their writing that can be

witnessed until this day. They can be seen in what is left and believed to be

either Uthman Mus-haf or copies of it. {Please review our article

about Human errors in the early writing s of the Quran.} These human

errors became obvious and clear for those who memorized the Quran when

the re-writing of the Quran was needed to improve its Rasm (Orthography).

This improved orthography was needed to facilitate its reading specially for

the new generations of the Arabic speaking Muslims. Memorizing the Quran

was an essential mean that God used to preserve the Quran in addition to its

writing from the first day of revelation. It was God's plan that the Quran will

be transmitted from Muhammed to all the generations to come through the

oral transmission as well as the written word until the day comes when the

book industry advances enough to allow for a fixed and standardized editionsand also when the computer technology dominates the world in spreading

God's message. It was not until the year 1918 in Cairo, Egypt when the

Muslim scholars finally used what they considered their best judgment in

writing the Quran in the best orthography format fit for the time. They used

the orally transmitted Quran in comparison with the oldest available copies of

the Quran to produce what is now the standard text of the modern Arabic

Quran. In that edition they depended on the oral transmission and the written

script to correct any apparent scribes error or contradiction. It is from this

edition that the great miracle of the Quran, the Mathematical Miracle, can be

seen and appreciated. The miracle itself was a sign that the Quran as it was

transmitted and written at that time is what God gave to prophet Muhammedand it was under guidance from God that the Quran was produced in its

standard edition we have now. The promise of God in 15:9has to have a

method to verify it. This method was revealed in 1974 when the mathematical

miracle of the Quran that is based on number 19 which is mentioned in sura74

was discovered. This happened 1406 years after the revelation of the Quran

(1406 = 19X74.) This protection can now, and to the end of the world, be

confirmed by the mathematical structure of the Quran. That structure is what

God described in 74:30-31 and called it; "One of the great miracles" in 74:35.

This mathematical structure that was proven through hundreds of interlocking

mathematical relations throughout the Quran has already proved the

preservation of the Quran and exposed clearly the human errors in the writing

of the early scribes. This was best shown by exposing the two false verses in

the Quran that were human addition and have been suspected as false from the

time of the writing of the Quran, verses, 9:128, 129.

The Arabic letter "Alif" had specially been subjected to many changes in

different editions of the Quran as we can see if we review some of the old or

new editions. The scribes of the Quran, being like all other humans, subject to

errors, chose many times to change an alif by writing it or deleting it while


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unaware of its mathematical significance. This resulted in different number of

counts in different editions of the Quran by different researchers. We however

used the current King Fahd editions and made special cross reference with the

Egyptian editions and the oldest available Quran.We also have the advantage

of knowing of the existence of the mathematical structure in the Quran that

can be seen in hundreds of other proofs un-related to the initial "Alif:" and

which is strongly proven without the need for the count of the "Alif" itself.

We applied three significant rules to the counted initial when there is a

disagreement among the different editions of the Mus-haf. For a word to be

considered a human error in any of the new editions and then corrected, it has

to pass these three strict criteria, all of them and in this order;

1. The orthography of the written word in the new edition of the Quranshould differ from the orthography of the same word as written in the

oldest copy of the Quran in its exact specific location.

2. The orthography of the written word in its suspected form, in the newedition of the Quran, should differ from the orthography of the same wordwritten in other verses and suras of the same new edition of the Quran,

unless the word is not repeated anywhere else in the rest of the Quran..

3. The correction of the written word in the new edition after meeting thefirst two criteria will then correct any disturbance of the mathematical

structure of the Quran based on number 19 as it has been proved by other

initials, words, numbers and orders in the Quran.

Any one or two of these three criteria was not considered enough reason to

consider a written word a human error that need to be corrected.

During our count of the ALM initials in the suras 2, 3, 29, 30, 31,and 32, wehad no problem , as all the words and letters of these suras did not raise any

alarms except for the word "Jaza'uhum" of3:136that were mentioned above.

The total of the ALM in all these 6 suras is 19874 and it is a multiple of 19.

During our count of the ALR initials in the suras, 10, 11, 12, 14 and 15, that

start with ALR, we ran into two words insura 10 that look different than the

accepted orthography of both the old and recent editions of the Quran. The

words are; of verse 15 ofsura 10 and of verse 21. These

words were expected to be written as , and if they are to

follow the system used in the old and recent Qurans. As you will see from the

images produced below, they were written different than all the words of

similar spelling in the Quran. They also contradict the well known and agreed

upon way of writing of that specific word. The word and all its

related words are repeated in the Quran 295 times and not one of them, except

the ones in10:15 and 21, has the extra alif seen in these two words

in 10:15 and 21. This by itself is not a good reason to claim the writing of


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these two words as an error, therefore we reviewed the oldest copy of the

Quran available to us, the Gold Koran. As seen in the images below, the

word, and were written without an alif in both

verse 10:15 and 10:21. As far as the mathematical miracle is concerned, these

two errors obviously added two extra letters to the total of the ALR initial and

once corrected the total of all the ALR initials in all the suras with ALR initialwas found to be 9481 = 19 X 499. These three evidences strongly support our

belief that the writing of these two words in the King Fahd edition is no more

than a missed human error by the group of scholars who supervised the

edition. It also shows once again that the mathematical miracle of the Quran at

work proving what was left in one of the Mus-hafs as human errors. We now

know that we have all the reasons not to count these two words in their wrong

Rasm (Orthography) and to correct them as they should have been and as the

rest of the same word as used everywhere in the Quran.

and After correcting these two human errors, the total of the ALR

initial in all the suras that start with ALR is 19 letters above that of Dr.

Khalifa's total.

Below is a production of the verses 10:15 and 10 21 as seen in King Fahd

edition and as seen in the Old Kufi Koran, the Gold Koran. It can be seen

cleary that the Gold Quran did not have an alif in the same words as marked.


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Here is Verse 21 ofsura 10;


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As for the rest of the Quran, here is two examples of how the two words are

always written in the Quran.

Conclusion:

The count of the initial ALM , and the initial ALR in the suras that start with

these initials is presented. The total of the initial ALM in all the six suras that

start with this initial is 19874 = 19 X 1046. The total of the initial ALR in all

the five suras that start with this initial is 9481 = 19 X 499. This means that

the 11 suras initialed by ALM and ALR are following the pattern of the rest of

the Mathematical Miracle of the Quran in being multiple of 19. Our study also

supports the understanding that the Hafs writing of the Quran is the best

representation of the original Mus-haf as it represents the intact mathematical

miracle of the Quran. We also found that the mathematical miracle of the

Quran can be used as an excellent tool to verify human errors in future or past

writing of the Mus-haf.

"Over it is 19". 74:30

See also: The Updated Count of the Quranic initialALMR andALMS in

Quran.

References:

1. The Authorized English translation of Quran by Rashad Khalifa, Ph.D.

2. The Mathematical Miracle of the Quranathttp://www.submission.org/d/miracle.html

3. Quran: VisualPresentation of the Miracle, by Rashad Khalifa, Ph.D.

4. Computer Speaks: God's Message to the World, by Rashad Khalifa,Ph.D.

5. The Arabic Quran, Mus-haf Al-Haramen. Printed with a permissionfrom Al-Azhar, 16/12/1984 number 441. El-Shamreley Company, Cairo.

6. The Arabic Quran, according to the Uthmani Rasm, Printed by Al-Shorbag y Book storeand print shop, Damascus, Khalid Ibn Al Waleed


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street. Approved by the Syrian Administration of Religious Education,number 306, dated 14/8/1406 Hijria.

7. The Arabic Quran, according to the Uthmani Rasm. Printed anddistributed by Tahama for publishing and book stores.

8. The Arabic Quran, Mus-haf Al-Medina Al-Nabaweeh, King Fahd edition,

Issued according to the Royal decree number 1540/8 on 19/8/1403, andprinted in 1409 AH

9. The Gold Koran at The Sheridan Libraries , The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland , at their site; http://goldkoran.mse.jhu.edu/

10.Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, 1994, The Islamic Foundation.

11. Nabia Abbott, The Rise of The North Arabic Script & Its KuranicDevelopment, 1939, Nabia Abbott, The University of Chicago Press,

Chicago

12.John Burton, The Collection Of The Quran, 1979, Cambridge UniversityPress.

13.Adrian Brockett, The Value of Hafs And Warsh Transmissions For TheTextual History Of The Qur'n in Andrew Rippin's (Ed.), Approaches Of

The History Of Interpretation Of The Qur'n, 1988, Clarendon Press,

Oxford.

14.The Fihrist of al-Nadim, 1970, Bayard Dodge (Editor and Translator),Columbia University Press.

15.Quranic Orthography: The Written Representation Of The Recited Text OfThe Quran, by Professor M A S Abdel Haleem

16.Fred M Donner, Narratives Of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings Of Islamic

Historical Writing, 1998, Darwin Press, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey

17.Index of the Quran, Mohamed Fouad Abdel Baqy, Dar El Da'oa, 1986,Istanbul Turkey

18.Jalal al-Din Suyuti, 'Al-Itqan fi-ulum al-Quran, Halabi, Cairo, 1935/1354.

The Updated Count of the Quranic initials ALMR and ALMS in Quran

Submission.org editorial note

Disclaimer: A thorough recount of the Quranic initials, conducted in 2002, by Submission.org, using

both manual as well as two different computer counting programs, has confirmed Dr. Rashad Khalifa's

counts of all the Quranic initials except for a few counts in the initials "A" (Alef) and "L" (Laam).

However, the recent recount of Quranic initials remains divisible by 19 and is a part of the

Mathematical Miracle of the Quran. The latest details of the recounts can be reviewed and verifiedusing Quran Inspector. Research on the "A"(alef) and "L" (Lam) counts is ongoing.

This article represents the research that these new recounts are based on. This is by no means the end of

the research but rather the continuation of it, as more sophisticated tools become available to us. So far,


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there has been no proof of any count that is different from what we presented here in this article in July

2002. God willing, this recount will be updated if different and correct findings are confirmed.

Summary: This is a study of the total count of the Quranic initials, ALMR

and ALMS in the Quran using both manual count as well as a computer

assisted count, of the Quran written in a text format and corrected to the

Uthmani method of writing. Our study showed that the total count of both theALMR and the ALMS initials which top suras 13 and 7 respectively is a

multiple of 19 and follows the pattern of the Mathematical Miracle of the

Quran.. Our study also confirmed some human errors in the orthography

(Rasm) of some words in the modern edition of the Qurans, Hafs Mus-haf,

when the rules of this research is applied. These words have to be corrected

using the latest tool given to us by God Almighty, the mathematical miracle of

the Quran. The proofs of the reason to correct each of these words are

explained herein.

Materials and Method:

If you already read our article The count of the Quranic initial ALM and

ALR in the Quran. you may go directly to our section about results, otherwise

keep reading.

The Quran is characterized by a unique phenomenon never found in any other

book; 29 suras are prefixed with 14 different sets of "Quranic Initials,"

consisting of one to five letters per set. Fourteen letters, half the Arabic

alphabet, participate in these initials. The significance of the Quranic initials

remained a divinely guarded secret for 14 centuries.

The Quran states in 10:20 and 25:4-6that its miracle, i.e., proof of divine

authorship, was destined to remain secret for a specific predetermined interim:

[Quran 10:20] They say, "How come no miracle came down to him from his Lord?"

Say, "The future belongs to God; so wait, and I am waiting along with you."

[Quran 25:4] Those who disbelieved said, "This is a fabrication that he produced, with

the help of some other people." They have uttered a blasphemy and a falsehood.

[Quran 25:5] They also said, "Tales from the past that he wrote down; they weredictated to him day and night."

[Quran 25:6] Say, "This was revealed by the One who knows the Secret in theheavens and the earth. He is Forgiving, Most Merciful."

The Quranic Initials constitute a major portion of the Quran's 19-based.mathematical miracle. These initials include, ALM, ALR, ALMR, ALMS,Q,

KHY'AS, S, YS, TH, TSM ,TS, HM, HM, 'ASQ and NUN. For easy

references, we used the English alphabet in place of the Arabic ones, e.g. for

the Alif (Alef) , we used "A", for the Lam, we used "L", for the Meem, we

used "M", for the Reh, we used "R" , for the Sad, we used the bold "S"....etc.


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Our study of the Quranic initials, that has the letter Alif in it, started when it

was brought to our attention that the count of the Arabic letter Alif, in the

suras initialed with Alif, has been disputed and reported differently by

different researchers. These different counts reflect the difficulty in counting

the Arabic alphabet Alif, and the disagreement over its writing , orthography

(Rasm), its inclusion or exclusion. The Arabic alphabet Alif is also the most

distorted alphabet when examined in different editions of the Quran as some

scholars gave to themselves the liberty to add, delete or modify the writing of

the alif. We, however, know that God promised topreserve the Quran (not

the Mus-haf, the ink and paper). God therefore deliberately gave us the

possession of many editions of the Quran including some of the oldest written

Qurans and also gave us a tool to test and check these editions, the

Mathematical Miracle of the Quran. It was definitely God's plan that the

review of the letter Alif happens after the mathematical miracle has already

been established and proved without the need for any single alphabet. This

was a mean for God to give us the correction tool to the many human errors

seen in the different editions of the Quran circulating today and to achieve

what He promised of preserving the Quran as the one in the Master Tablets,(85:21-22). This tool, the mathematical miracle, will always be available to

test and check any edition of the Quran, new or old. It is therefore clear that

our work today represents what is seen in what we can call the everyday

editions of the Quran. Further research and study supported by proofs, is

expected , encouraged and welcome.

[Quran 85:21] Indeed, it is a glorious Quran.

[Quran 85:22] In a preserved master tablet.

We also need to emphasize that neither the Quran nor its miracle are

accessible to the disbelievers or idol-worshipers. It is God's system that theyare blocked from seeing the truth as they chose not to believe or to associate

others with God already.

[Quran 17:82] We send down in the Quran healing and mercy for the believers. At the

same time, it only increases the wickedness of the transgressors.

[Quran 17:45] When you read the Quran, we place between you and those who do not

believe in the Hereafter an invisible barrier.[Quran 17:46] We place shields around their minds, to prevent them from

understanding it, and deafness in their ears. And when you preach your Lord, using

the Quran alone,* they run away in aversion.

[Quran 2:118] "......... WE DO MANIFEST THE MIRACLES FOR THOSE WHOHAVE ATTAINED CERTAINTY."

Our findings will continue to disturb those who cannot see the miracle of the

Quran, or those who abuse the miracle or miss the meaning or the message of

the Quran, just as the previous verses promise.

We, recently, have obtained the Quran written in text format for our computer

study, however, the text format did not follow the Uthmani orthography


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(Rasm) and therefore cannot be used to count the Quranic initials as such. We

decided to correct the computer Arabic text format of the Quran that we

obtained into the Uthmani Rasm (Orthography). We used the standard Hafs

edition taken after the 1918 edition of the Quran in Cairo Egypt and later by

King Fahd edition in Saudi Arabia. For the manual count we used a copy of

King Fahd edition and also used for cross-reference seven other editions of

the Quran printed in Egypt, Syria and Saudi Arabia, all of them according to

Hafs. We also had to check on some words in question by using the images of

the Gold Koran, one of the oldest available copies of the Quran, at The

Sheridan Libraries , The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland , at

their site; http://goldkoran.mse.jhu.edu/

After the correction of the computer text file, we counted the letter Alif using

the computer and also using manual count to compare the counts. We have

realized that some of the Uthmani Rasm of certain letters was not available

yet for the computer program we were using but we were able to substitute it

with the same letters although in a different font. For this reason all the

hamzas written on an extension (madda), e.g. , we replaced

them with a free standing hamza. We also changed the different forms of Alifs

into one alif to facilitate the count and avoid mistakes. If a program is using

the Unicode for the Arabic alphabets, no change in the forms of ALif or

hamza will be needed except probably for the hamzas on madda (extension)..

Until we get the correct font and activated Unicode for these letters, we will

continue to use the regular font that is still available to all of those who use

the computer and Arabic fonts. We have posted the Arabic text we used for

the count on our site as part ofQuran Inspector. To achieve the best visual

comparison of the verses and to facilitate the manual count, we pasted the

image of each verse taken from the Hafs edition of King Fahd Mus-haf belowits respective computer text when we corrected the computer text and when

we did our manual count. We used color codes of the alphabets to make the

visual presentation easier for the eye for manual count.

Counting the Alifs also include counting the letter Hamza that is used many

times as alif as will be shown later. The letter Alif in Arabic can be seen in

many shapes:

Hamza is unique in Arabic in many respects. It takes one of four forms:

distinctly pronounced, lightened, changed, or deleted altogether. These

different ways are observed in readings of the Quran and the various Arab

dialects. In the writing of the hamza itself, Quranic and normal orthography

are similar in many ways. In some aspects, however, Quranic rasm differs, as

Quran has its unique way that is meant to preserve the mathematical structure

built in its Rasm (Orthography). Hamza can be used as a yaa or a waw as well

as an alif. All the hamzas that are standing free in a word and the Hamzas

written on an extension of a letter (Madda) are counted as alifs.


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standing free Hamzas like: , , ,

Hamzas written on an extension of a letter: , ,

, ,

Hamzas written on a stem (Nabra), or under a stem is counted as a yaa. For

example:

, , , ,

Hamzas written on a Lam Alif , in words where the alif is actually a hamza

and an alif, is the most deceiving as it looks like two alifs but actually it is

three alifs (two alifs and a hamza) for example , . If youlook carefully at these words you will notice the insistence of the scribes to

write the Hamza in these words between the Lam and the alif . Compare these

words with other words that only has lam alif as in , where

there is only one lam and one alif , the hamza is specially positioned on top of

the alif.

Hamza written on a yaa is counted as a yaa, as in , .

Hamza written on a waw is counted as a waw as in:

We used the same system and consistency in counting the Alifs (and Hamzas)

in all the suras that start with the initials ALM and the ALR. We felt that all

the suras that have the same initials are related and form one group related to

one another. We used the computer also to count the letters Lam , Meem and

Reh.

Some of the readers of this article may find it helpful to read our short article

about "How to count the Quranic initials". Other related articles that may

help understand this topic include, "Are all the Arabic versions of the Quran

the same ?"and also,"Preservingand protectingthe Quran"

Results:

We first counted the alifs ofsura 13 which starts with the initial ALMR. Then

we studied the count ofsura 7which starts with the initial ALMS. We also

studied the several editions of the Quran we have that is printed in Egypt,

Syria, Saudi Arabia , Turkey, as well as the Gold Koran, one of the oldest


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available copies of the Quran, at The Sheridan Libraries , The Johns Hopkins

University , Baltimore, Maryland , at their site;http://goldkoran.mse.jhu.edu/

Our study of the new and old Quran confirmed the presence of human errors

in the writing of three words insura 13 as well as in seven words insura

7and to these we applied the strict rules of our research which we explained

in our discussion in this article. The following is the tables of the count we

obtained forsura 13 andsura 7after the correction made to the human errors.

Table 1, Count of the initial ALMR

Sura No. A (Alif and Hamza) L (Lam) M (Meem) R (Reh) Total ALMR

13 605 480 260 137 1482

Total = 1482 = 19 X 78

The raw count of the alifs in the new editions of the Qurans and before any

correction, was found to be 609, of these there were 50 hamzas and 559 alifs.

The initial ALMS total has also been found to be a multiple of 19 when we

correct the human (scribe error) in the orthography of the identified 7 words in

the Egyptian edition and King Fahd edition of the Arabic Quran. We will

explain the proof for this conclusion in the discussion section to follow. See

table 2.

Table 2, Count of the initial ALMS

Sura No. A (Alif and Hamza) L (Lam) M (Meem) S (Sad) Total ALMS

7 2510 1530 1164 97 5301

Total = 5301 = 19 X 279

The raw count of the alifs in the new edition of the Qurans and before any

correction was found to be 2521, of these there were 174 hamzas and 2347

alifs.


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As for those interested in the number of Hamzas in every of these suras, we

include table 3 to help those searching this issue;

Table 3, Count of Alif and Hamza in sura 13 and sura 7


13 605 555 50

7 2510 2336 174

Discussion

It has been a great promise by God Almighty to preserve the Quran, see 15:9.

The the majority of the Muslims, however, misled by many scholars, were

made to believe that verse 15:9 means God will preserve and protect the Mus-

haf, the human written book, ink and papers. This is not what God promised

to preserve in 15:9. He promised to preserve the Quran that He revealed to

prophet Muhammed. The Mus-haf is no more than the human writing or

collection of the Quran in books, papers, papyri, bones, palm leaves....etc and

is not the handwriting of God. We are all aware that Uthman, the third Khalifa

in the Islamic history, gathered his scribes and ordered them to collect the

Quran that was already written during the prophet's life into one book. They

did just that. They wrote several copies. The writers were no more than human

beings and madenumerous human errors in their writing that can be

witnessed until this day. They can be seen in what is left and believed to beeither Uthman Mus-haf or copies of it. {Please review our article

about Human errors in the early writing s of the Quran.} These human

errors became obvious and clear for those who memorized the Quran when

the re-writing of the Quran was needed to improve its Rasm (Orthography).

This improved orthography was needed to facilitate its reading specially for

the new generations of the Arabic speaking Muslims. Memorizing the Quran

was an essential mean that God used to preserve the Quran in addition to its

writing from the first day of revelation. It was God's plan that the Quran will

be transmitted from Muhammed to all the generations to come through the

oral transmission as well as the written word until the day comes when we, the

humans advance enough to allow for a fixed and standardized editions thatcan easily be maintained and protected. This plan also involved achieving this

progress around the time when the computer technology would dominate the

world and become essential part in spreading God's message. It was not until

the year 1918 in Cairo, Egypt when the Muslim scholars finally used what

they considered their best judgment in writing the Quran in the best

orthography format fit for the time. They used the orally transmitted Quran in

comparison with the oldest available copies of the Quran to produce what is

now the standard text of the modern Arabic Quran. In that edition they


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depended on the oral transmission and the written script together to correct

any apparent scribes' errors or contradiction between the oral and written

materials. It was God's plan that from this edition the great miracle of the

Quran, the Mathematical Miracle, will be discovered, and can be seen and

appreciated. The miracle itself was a sign that the Quran as it was transmitted

and written at that time is what God gave to prophet Muhammed . It also

shows that even when the Quran was written in its modern Arabic text it was

under guidance from God Almighty.

The promise of God in 15:9 has to have a method to verify it. This method

was revealed in 1974 when the mathematical miracle of the Quran that is

based on number 19 which is mentioned in sura74 was discovered. This

happened 1406 years after the revelation of the Quran (1406 = 19 X 74.) This

protection can now, and to the end of the world, be confirmed by the

mathematical structure of the Quran. That structure is what God described

in 74:30-31 and called it; "One of the great miracles" in 74:35. This

mathematical structure that was proven through hundreds of interlocking

mathematical relations throughout the Quran has already proved thepreservation of the Quran and exposed clearly the human errors in the writing

of the early scribes. This was best shown by exposing the two false verses in

the Quran that were human addition and have been suspected as false from the

time of the writing of the Quran, verses, 9:128, 129.

The Arabic letter "Alif" had specially been subjected to many changes in

different editions of the Quran as we can see if we review some f the old or

new editions. The scribes of the Quran, being like all other humans, subject to

errors, chose many times to change an alif by writing it or deleting it while

unaware of its mathematical significance. This resulted in different number of

counts in different editions of the Quran by different researchers. We howeverused the current King Fahd editions and made special cross reference with the

Egyptian and Syrian editions and the oldest available Quran.We also have the

advantage of knowing of the existence of the mathematical structure in the

Quran that can be seen in hundreds of other proofs un-related to the initial

"Alif:" and which is strongly proven without the need for the count of the

"Alif" itself.

We applied three significant rules to the counted initial when there is a

disagreement among the different editions of the Mus-haf. For a word to be

considered a human error in any of the new editions and then corrected, it has

to pass these three strict criteria, all of them and in this order;

1. The orthography of the written word in the new edition of the Quranshould differ from the orthography of the same word as written in the

oldest copy of the Quran in its exact specific location.

2. The orthography of the written word in its suspected form, in the newedition of the Quran, should differ from the orthography of the same wordwritten in other verses and suras of the same new edition of the Quran,

unless the word is not repeated anywhere else in the rest of the Quran..


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3. The correction of the written word in the new edition after meeting thefirst two criteria will then correct any disturbance of the mathematical

structure of the Quran based on number 19 as it has been proved by otherinitials, words, numbers and orders in the Quran.

Any one or two of these three criteria was not considered enough reason to

consider a written word a human error that need to be corrected.

Sura 13, ALMR

During our count of the Alifs in suras 13 that starts with the initials ALMR we

encountered several words that differ in their orthography in the Gold Koran

from the new editions of the Quran by having either an extra alif or less alif,

but of all these words only four words with five alifs (one of them repeated

twice) were found to follow exactly the above three criteria and easily

detected as human errors by the writers of the new editions of the Quran.

These four words were found in verses 4, 5 , 14 and 17. These words

are, , , and . Once these words are

corrected to their original correct writing, the total count of the alif becomes

605 and the total of the ALMR becomes 1482 which is 19 X 78.

Below is a production of the verses and words in question and their

correction.

Verse 13:4 as it appears in the new editions of the Quran;

Verse 13:4 as it appears in the Old Gold Koran with the words to be corrected

marked;


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The word is not used in any other place in the Quran butsura

13 verse 4.

Verse 13:5 as it appears in the new editions of the Quran;

Verse 13:5 as it appears in the Old Gold Koran with the word to be corrected

marked;

The same word, , used in the correct form in verse 71 ofsura 40 in

the new edition of the same Quran.


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Verse 13:14 as it appears in the new editions of the Quran. Remember that the

hamza on top of waw is not counted as alif;

Verse 13:14 as it appears in the Old Gold Koran with the word to be corrected

marked;

As you can clearly see the difference in the writing of the word

"Du'aa" as it is written in the old Quran compared with the its

writing in the new Qurans in 13:14 . This writing in 13:14 also

disagrees with the same word as it is written in verse 50 ofsura 40 in the same

new Qurans .

Here is verse 50 ofsura 40 as it appears in the Qurans today. Notice the

writing of the word "Du'aa" .

Verse 13:17as it appears in the new editions of the Quran. Notice how the

word "al-amthal" is written with an extra alif when compared with the old

Gold Koran.


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Verse 13:17as it appears in the Old Gold Koran with the word to be corrected

marked; with no alif in the middle of the word

The same word in question is written in other suras of the Quran with an alif

in 4 places and without alif in 6 places in addition to the one in 13:17.

Here is verse 25:5 as an example showing how the word is written without

alif in the middle.

Sura 7, ALMS

During our count of the Alifs in suras 7 that starts with the initials ALMS weencountered several words that differ in their orthography (Rasm) in the Gold

Koran from the new editions of the Quran by having either an extra alif or less

alif, but of all these words only 7 words with eleven alifs in them (some of the

words are repeated) were found to follow exactly the above three criteria and

easily detected as human errors by the writers of the new editions of the

Quran. These 7 words were found in

verses 7:38, 7:46, 7:48, 7:66,7:67, 7:133, 7:145, 7:150, 7:154 and 7:163.


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These words are shown in the following table. Once these words are corrected

to their original correct writing, the total count of the alif becomes 2510 and

the total of the ALMS becomes 5301 which is 19 X 279.

Words in question as seen

in the new editions of theQuran

Same words in question

as seen in the Old GoldKoran

Similar words, if any, as

seen in the new editionsof the Quran

7:38 7:38 27:66

7:46 7:46none

7:48 7:48none

7:66 7:66 none

7:67 7:67 none

7:133 7:133none

7:145 7:145 54:13

7:150 7:150 54:13

7:154 7:154 54:13


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Words in question as seenin the new editions of theQuran

Same words in questionas seen in the Old GoldKoran

Similar words, if any, asseen in the new editionsof the Quran

7:150 7:150 20:94

7:163 7:163none

Images of the Old Gold Koran that show the above words.

7:38

7:46-48

7:66-68


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7:133

7:150

7:154

7:163

In addition to the problem with the alif insura 7, there was also one problemthat was discussed by other authors regarding the letter Sad in 7:69. In the

original Old Uthmani Quran (Tashkent), the word "bastatan" was originally

written with the letter Seen not the letter Sad and this has to be corrected as

well.

In the original (Tashkent Quran) of7:69 there is a seen whereas in the

modern versions the word has sad


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Conclusion:

The count of the initial ALMR , and the initial ALMS in the suras that start

with these initials, i.e.sura 13 andsura 7, is respectively presented. These

initials follow the system of the other 19 based mathematical miracle of the

Quran.

The initials, ALMR prefixsura 13, and the total frequency of occurrence of

the four letters is 1482, or 19x78. The letter "A" occurs 605 times, "L" occurs

480 times, "M" occurs 260 times, and "R" occurs 137 times.

The initials, ALMS prefixsura 7, and the letter "A" occurs in this sura 2510

times, "L" occurs 1530 times, "M" occurs 1164 times, and "S" (Saad) occurs

97 times. Thus, the total occurrence of the four letters in this sura is

2510+1530+1164+97 = 5301 = 19x279.

Again, our study supports the understanding that the Hafs writing of theQuran , despite the few human errors reported in it, is the best representation

of the original Mus-haf as it represents the intact mathematical miracle of the

Quran. We also found that the mathematical miracle of the Quran can be used

and should be used as an excellent tool to verify or correct human errors in

future or past writing of the Mus-haf.

"Over it is 19". 74:30

See also; The Updated Count of the Quranic initial ALM andALR in the

Quran.

We have posted the Arabic text we used for the count on our site

athttp://submission.org/d/Q-Inspector.html.

References:

1. The Authorized English translation of Quran by Rashad Khalifa, Ph.D.


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2. The Mathematical Miracle of the Quranathttp://www.submission.org/d/miracle.html

3. Quran: VisualPresentation of the Miracle, by Rashad Khalifa, Ph.D.

4. Computer Speaks: God's Message to the World, by Rashad Khalifa,Ph.D.

5. The Arabic Quran, Mus-haf Al-Haramen. Printed with a permissionfrom Al-Azhar, 16/12/1984 number 441. El-Shamreley Company, Cairo.

6. The Arabic Quran, according to the Uthmani Rasm, Printed by Al-Shorbag y Book storeand print shop, Damascus, Khalid Ibn Al Waleedstreet. Approved by the Syrian Administration of Religious Education,

number 306, dated 14/8/1406 Hijria.

7. The Arabic Quran, Mus-haf Al-Medina Al-Nabaweeh, King Fahd edition,Issued according to the Royal decree number 1540/8 on 19/8/1403, and

printed in 1409 AH

8. The Gold Koran at The Sheridan Libraries , The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland , at their site; http://goldkoran.mse.jhu.edu/

9. Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, 1994, The Islamic Foundation.

10. Nabia Abbott, The Rise of The North Arabic Script & Its KuranicDevelopment, 1939, Nabia Abbott, The University of Chicago Press,Chicago

11.John Burton, The Collection Of The Quran, 1979, Cambridge UniversityPress.

12.Adrian Brockett, The Value of Hafs And Warsh Transmissions For TheTextual History Of The Qur'n in Andrew Rippin's (Ed.), Approaches Of

The History Of Interpretation Of The Qur'n, 1988, Clarendon Press,Oxford.

13.The Fihrist of al-Nadim, 1970, Bayard Dodge (Editor and Translator),Columbia University Press.

14.Quranic Orthography: The Written Representation Of The Recited Text OfThe Quran, by Professor M A S Abdel Haleem

15.Fred M Donner, Narratives Of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings Of IslamicHistorical Writing, 1998, Darwin Press, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey

16.Index of the Quran, Mohamed Fouad Abdel Baqy, Dar El Da'oa, 1986,Istanbul Turkey

17.Jalal al-Din Suyuti, 'Al-Itqan fi-ulum al-Quran, Halabi, Cairo, 1935/1354.

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