Ro 80 Atitudini Fata de Munca Revazut

8/8/2019 Ro 80 Atitudini Fata de Munca Revazut

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undaia soros romnia

atitudini a de munc n romnia

m cc rh

c tf

decembrie 2008


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cuprinsi 8

capitolul 1 - LocuL de munc La romni: distana ideaL -reaL i angajamentuL organizaionaL 12

i 12c l l ? 13

Cum s e locul de munc? 13Unde s e locul de munc? 19

c l l ? 22 Cum arat locul de munc? 22

Unde este locul de munc?

26

al 28al l 31il l l 42

Distana dintre ideal i real 42 Satisacia relativ la locul de munc 47

ax 60c l 82Bbl 84

capitolul 2 - Locuri de munc i Locuri de munc:percepii aLe ceLor care Lucreaz La stat i aLeceLor care Lucreaz La privat 93 i 94

t 95c l ll 100ol ll 115sl l ll 120

ax 123

capitolul 3 - munc, economie, economie inormaL:

atitudini i vaLori 129

tl l 130cl l bl 132s ll 135a l 138


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capitolul 4 - reLevana etniei pentru neLegerea

traiectoriiLor de via n romnia de azi 151 t l l l 152 Participarea colar 152

Nivelul educaional 153 dl 156 Calitatea educaiei 159 p l 159 d l 161 Abiliti 163 Utilitatea perceput a educaiei 164 Cheia succesului n via 165 Opiuni privind educaia copiilor romi 166

el 166 Participarea pe piaa muncii 170 Bl 170 i 171

rl xl l 174 Modele teoretice ale eectelor apartenenei etnice 175 Structura ipotezelor cauzale reeritoare la eectele etniei 179 Operaionalizarea etniei 180 Modele amalgamate 181 Modele explicative multivariate pentru traiectoriile de via 181 d ll l 181 vl ll 184 p l l 186 B 187 p 191

cl 193 Rezultatele cercetrii 193

Infuena apartenenei etnice rome asupra traiectoriei de via 193 ml xl 193 s ll xl 194 Alte observaii 195

r bbl 196ax 198


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2008 s r (sr)t l s r. n bl s

r. s rs. c Bl . 33, 1, Btl: (021) 212.11.01x: (021) 212.10.32Wb: www..el: @.

Coninutul prezentei publicaii i/sau opiniile prezentate n cadrul acesteianu reect, n mod necesar, vederile Fundaiei Soros Romnia.


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introducere

slAtitudini a de munc n Romnia l l

s r l l , l l llbl. c l bl bl l l l l bl l bl. sl l ll 2008. pl l x l l l l l ll bl.

rl l l l

r, l (l , ll l l, ). p , 20082013 l b bl l l . u xll l l l l l 2013 4,2 l . s b l b l . l, l l : l, l , .pll l .a , l , l l .

al l (l l ) (l ). u l l hb l l l , l l ll ll

. s, l l l l ll , lbll l l ll. c l l . n l l l l , l l b l.

sl l l l

l l l l


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undaia soros romnia

. c bll l xl h l l.

a bl l, l l b .al l , l , l l l . l l,l l l l l hb l. , l l l l. rll l

bl bl l.p bl l l l l

l . s l , l b ll l l 2008:

Sondaj de opinie reprezentativ pentru populaia adult neinstituionalizat aRomniei (n vrst de 18 ani i peste)

d l 2.400

e x 2%, bbl 95%

p l l 424 2008

Sondaj de opinie reprezentativ pentru romii din Romnia (n vrst de 18 ani ipeste)

d l 1.000

e x 3%, bbl 95%

p l l 424 2008

p bl l l T gll o r. elb l (l,hl), l l l h l(m c, c rh, cl t, o v).

sl bl l i sr, l www... l 2009 bl

bl .


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capitolul 1

LocuL de munc La romni:

distana ideaL - reaL iangajamentuL organizaionaL


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12


locul de munc la romni: distana ideal -

real i angajamentul organizaional Mircea Coma

introducere

e l, , , , l , , l

(Bh, 1995; n, 2003). , l l l l ll l l (h h h l h h b, n, 2003). c ll l (l l), l , l ll (l l l b, , ) . d l l l (Hk, 1983; py W, 1990;

e thl, 1992; ds d, 1996). L l , l l (l ) l, , l, l ( , l l lll).

ll l b lll , l l, l l l , l . m x, ll ll l ( b , ), l ll l l ( , ), ll l l l ll ll. d () l l ll b l l , l l (l l xl), ll l .

l, l l r, l l ll bl l bl , l .


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undaia soros romnia

i l , r x l.

ce el de loc de munc i doresc romnii?

c l ll , , l . c l l , , ll l, xl , l lll l / . p l l l l:

l l l b l . ll l lbl (l l l ), , l , bl l .

Cum s ie locul de munc?a l l

l . d ll , l

l l l b, l /b. rl l l(n, 2003). vll l l l, l l l , l l . l ll (n, 2003): l (b b , , b , xbl l , , ll , l ll ),l ( l, l, l, b l , ll, l l l l l) l ( , b l l , l b, x ll , l , l l l). vll l, , l/bl, l. l (el, 1984) b l l (l, l ,

, b l , l , l l .), b (ll l, , l,


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14


, l .) b (l,, bl, .). d l , l

(, , , l .) l (l, , , .).

p ll l l l l l l h sr (e , 2008) l , l l , l l l l l l l . cl b : l , l , , ,

ll , l , l , l ll l l. d l l b , l . rlbl l , l l( l) l l ( l r).

Figur 1. Caracteriscile locului de munc dorit populaie adult

Datele reprezint % valide raportate la populaie adult.Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


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undaia soros romnia

Figur 2. Caracteriscile locului de munc dorit populaie ocupat

Datele reprezint % valide raportate la populaie ocupat.Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008

el l l x l l l l (l ). i l l, ll

l (7578% ) (6568%). a l l l l ll l , x l bll l . d , ll l , l 1990, l l 1990 l l. , l (3940%), l

ll (3536%), l l xbl l (2728%). c l , l l, l ( l ) l .

l l l l bl , l l ( l l l , ll l l). rl l l

l l (ax: t 2) :


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x , l, bb l l l l;

l x ; , l

l , l , l , , 4554 l l lll;l l , l l l x

l ; l , ll l l, lll l l l l; , ll l , ll , lll ll ;

l/ l l l ll l , x l ll ( l );

l l l l l l; l l l l, x:

l l l , l l ;

l l l; l ll

l , b lll : l ll;

l l x, l l bbl ll l l bl.

rl l l l (ax: t 2) : x l l l , ,

, ; l , bb, l , ll, xbl;

l x , l l , lll ;

l l , l l l x l ; l , ll l l, lll l l l l; ,

ll l , ll ,


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undaia soros romnia

lll ll ; l ll

l l ( l l

), lll ; l ll

l , b lll: l ll;

l l x, l l bbl ll l l bl.

p l l bll ,

l l l l ll h, , ll l ll , , l lll (ax: t 3). , , l l l , l l ll l:

h , l ll l; h h 20 lll; l, l h l l l l, x l

(l l lll); l l h , l l l l l ;

x l ll l , b l lll ;

l, , l l b l l l ll ;

l l l ; x ;

l l bl/ ll , , , l l ll; l l l ;

l l , x : l l l ll l

b .


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18


c r l l l l l ? p l b l l l l l issp 2005, ll Wk o

iii. L 33 l (l l e). p r l l l . al, r l ( 24) ll ll , l ( 710) l , l, l l, xbl,l ll ll ( 18) ll ( 25) l (ax: t4). p b r x l l (l l l l ):

Figur 3. Caracteriscile locului de munc dorit Romnia n context internaional (1) (populaie

ocupat)

% foarte importantSursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


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undaia soros romnia

Unde s fe locul de munc?a ll . p l

, l l , . d xl, l l l, , . l, b l l , l l . e bbl l 20 l l, ll . dl , , l l , l . cl

l l l, l , l: l ll l x l ll , l . l x hlb (ll ): l l l , l l .

Figur 4. Caracteriscile locului de munc dorit (2)

63

30

28

54

37

51

58

39

30

60

48

43

angajat

pe cont propriu

firm mic

firm mare

firm privat

firm s tatTotal populaie

Popula ie ocupat

Datele reprezint %; diferena pn la 100% reprezint nu u / nu rspund.

Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


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l l l l l ll bl ,

l l ( l l l , ll l l). rl l ll l (ax: t 5) :

x l l l bbl;bb l l / , l , ;

l , l / ;

; , ( l l b 34 , l l );

ll l l / ; ll

;l l l

b l; , l l ;

, l l / ; l, l l ;

l l l l l, l / b;b l l l ; ll ;

l al l l l .

rl l l l (ax: t 5) : x l l l bbl;


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undaia soros romnia

bb l l l , ;

l 45 b

, l b 45 ( l l 1824 4554 l );

ll l l / ; ll ;

l /

l l l l l l; l l l l l l l; bl, l l l l l l l, l ll ; , l , l ;

ll l l l l / ;

ll ;

l al l l l .

c lll (ax: t 6), r l l , ll l l , l / , ll l l . d x , l l bl l (l, ). d l, ll l l r, l ll, l s. p l , r xl l :


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Figur 5. Caracteriscile locului de munc dorit - Romnia n context internaional (2) (populaie

ocupat)

Sursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008

ce el de loc de munc au romnii?

n l, h . p l , bl l l h l. a lbl l l . ch l , l, lb .,

l xl l, l . p l l l , l , l l ll l . v l l lbl, , , l l .

Cum arat locul de munc?ch ll bl b, ,

ll , l bl b l


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undaia soros romnia

l l l l ll l . , ll l l, l x ( l lll l /

). a , , l l, b l b. p , ll l l , , l ll l ?ax l r l ll l , l ll .ax l r l , l l ll l l

bl b l. d l l ll l .d, ll l l l ( l l ?), l l l ( ll , l ll / l l /ll l l/.). p , ll bl l l, .

Figur 6. Caracteriscile percepute ale locului de munc actual

38

10

12

24

25

31

36

26

35

21

19

41

39

40

43

39

18

43

36

25

20

22

17

27

7

21

24

7

13

6

3

6

2

5

9

2

3

2

2

3

siguran

venit mare

anse de promovare

munc interesant

lucru independent

ajutor pentru ali oameni

folositor societii

oportuniti progres

Total de acord De acord Nici de acord, nici mpotriv mpotriv Total mpotriv



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l l ll l l l. dl (ax: t 7) l:

l ( l l )

l ll l bbl ll x; l, bb ll l l , , l ll ;

( l bbl hl ll ), l ll l , l , , l , lll l

l. ll l b l

b l l l, x ll ;

l l b l b l l l; ll,lbl l b l ( l l); b l , , ,

b ll , l lll, l l l ;

l l ll , xl, l ll bl h lll ll b ;

m b l l lll , ll l l .

p l l bll , l l l l ll , h, , ll l ll , , l l ll (ax: t 8). c b l ll l l l lll l:

l, h l ll

l l l l l ll ; x x: ll l


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undaia soros romnia

; l l ll (h ll h, l, l l l

l ), l l l l ; l , l

ll l l l b;

l, , l l b b l ;

x l l

l l l l (l l );

x ll, l lll l l bl/ b ;

l, l l l ll; l l l b bl .

c lll l (ax: t 9), l l ll l b. al, lll , ll l (ll 3), l ( 3), l ( 4), l ( 5), l l ( 7), l l ( 10), ( 13) ll ( 14). p l l, r x l l :


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Figur 7. Caracteriscile percepute ale locului de munc actual Romnia n context

internaional

% total de acordSursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008

Unde este locul de munc?m l (88%) l l l (12%) l . c l l ( 50 ), l (x 50 ). o l ( l l l , l lx ).


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Figur 8. Caracteriscile locului de munc actual populaie ocupat

88

12

46

54

33

67

71

29

angajat

pa tron / p e cont propriu

firm mic (max. 50)

firm mare (pes te 50)

firm s tat

firm privat

capital romnesc

capital mixt / stri n

Datele reprezint % raportate la populaie ocupat.Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008

cl ll l l l. dl (ax: t 10) :

x, l b ;

l, bbl l , , l (l, l .);

(1824 ) / , ; , l l ;

l l

ll ; lll l l l l ll; l l ll ;

l l l , bbl b l ; , l l l l ;

l l al; l l

l .


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c l l (ax: t 11), r l ( 14) l l l l l . ax

( 16) r l l .

angajamentul a de munc

u l . o b l b ll b l 24 l l l l. al

b h l. p l, , l ll ll l l b l l. l l, l l ly, , x, l l ( , ). , l l , l, b lb l, (e, 2005: 63) , , b.

bl l l x r, b x l l l r x l.

p l l b , bl l l lb b. p b l l l l b, l b ( b). nll l l , l . rl bl l l b , l l, l r. rll b, l l l , ( , l l l l ). p b l l

l l l l 6%, l 17%, x 11%


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30


; , l ( l ) b b , bl l l ll . p , l

l (sll, 2001). l l l l l l.d l l bb, l . a l , l x ( v mall, 1991; ell, 1995; rw sk, 1995;Hl, 1997; gll al, 1999). ch l l l l l bbl ( l , ),

l (Hk, 1991, 1995) l l. al (Blby Blby, 1989; m l.,1993) l l l. d , ll l l bbl l.

dl l l l l r (ax: t 12) l l , l x. rl , (1824) (5564 65+) l l l l l . rl , l l

( ) , l l l l l. pl l, l l, l ll l . l l r, , l l l l l bbl. pl l l l l l b ( l l ), l ll b, B ll l l l.pll b m ll l l, b , l .

rl l l , l l l l l . ul . al, ll l l l bb, l l (1824) l l , ll, l B, m al ( l lm l). n l ll x


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undaia soros romnia

l (ax: t 13). d l l bl/ l l .

cl l (issp, Wk o iiii) ll l l l l l l. , ll l l (ax: t 14), ll l l l (d),40% l , l l (c), 3% l . r l ll. c xl l ? ul xl l l . sl l (Hl sll, 2002)

l l (s, n, g) l lbl (n zl, m B, sua). dl , l ll, l lbl l l. ll b l l, . exl l l l l ll l ( l bl, , l l) l

( l l ).

angajamentul organizaional

ul l l hl ll l l (my, sly,Hh, & tlyky, 2002; mw, 1993; mwy, p, & s,1982) , , l. cl l l hl l l . p l ll l (all, 2007: 548):

l ; ;l l

;bl l .


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d b , l l l bl l l , b ll (Hl, 2001: 489). l,

l l l l l ll / (el Klwky, 2001).p l l (p l., 1974:

603), l l l l l l, :credin mare n valorile i obiectivele organizaiei i acceptarea lor; dorina de a depune un eort considerabil pentru organizaie;intenia clar de a rmne n organizaie. Bl, l . d l (L ch, 2008), b l l l: l

l , x , l l , b l l l l , l , xl (l l ).

al l bll , l , l(Bw, 1996). al , l hb ( xl, ) hbl l ( xl,l ). al, l

bl h l ll l (Bw, 1996).

d l l l l,l l l (all my, 1990; my l., 1998; all, 2007): , () . al l l l l l, l . al l l , l l l bl l l . d , l l l : , , bl (my l., 1998). o l l l l (BHy B, 1992) l l . al l , l ll .

d l l? cl l l l bl b (rll, 1987). d l l


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undaia soros romnia

.1al, l (b l l, l l , ( mh z, 1990) l l l (mwy,

p s, 1974; p, c sh, 1976; m sh, 1981; mh z, 1990), l (mwy l., 1982; dc s, 1987; ch, 1991). al ll l , xl bl (mwy,p s, 1974; al py, 1981; Bl Bl, 1987; mh z, 1990;gllly, 1995), l , l (mdl,1993; my l., 1993; W, 2003) (p l., 1974; s, 1977; H,Kb Hl, 1979; al py, 1981; abl, 1983; mh z, 1990;t my 1993; L ch, 2008). p , l

l l , l .

d l l l l l , l, l l? sl l bl l ll l (bl , x ll l ), l ll (l l, l) l xl l (l l, l ).c (swl, 2002), l xl l

l ( ) ll. pll l l l ll l . cl l b l l (B sy, 1983;d v mall, 1991; a l., 1993; Hk, 1996; sll l., 2001, Hl sll, 2002). al l l (Hbk,1974; al py, 1981; s l., 1996), l bbl ll ( , , ,l b) (my all, 1984), (swl, 2002). o, l l ll x l l (B sy, 1983; a l., 1993). exl l l l l l , bbl l bl /l (mh z, 1990). al h (my all, 1984;ch, 1993; s l., 1996; swl, 2002) l

1 t, (Bkh, 1997) b

l l l l, l l ll .


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(all my, 1990). a l (ch Lwb, 1990; Hl,2003). d , b l l l (Hl,

2003). cl ll l l l (m, 1987, 1988; Ll Kllb, 1990; gll l., 1999; Hl, 2004). al, l l l l (W, 2004), (l ; s l., 1996)) l l. sl l l ll l, l l l l, l

l (sll, 2001). p l l l, h l l(L zh, 2003). cl ll l l l (l, l ) l l (W p, 2002). sl l ll ( l l l ) ll (Ll Kllb, 1990; gll l., 1999; sll l., 2001; Hl,2004).

c , xl l l (Bkhf, 1997), lll b l l : bll (48 l) l (mh z, 1990). p : l l ( l l l), bl, ll, ll, l, l l ( l l l).

l , l l ll (, bl l , bl) . al, ll bl l s / ., bl l s l b / b ., l a l lb, h l l , /. p , l l x l l (l l ). rl bl l :


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Figur 10. Angajamentul organizaional n Romnia

15

17

12

34

42

15

32

32

26

14

6

29

5

3

18

Sunt dis pus s muncesc mai mult decttrebui e pe ntru a a juta firma/organi zaia

s aib succes

Sunt mndru s muncesc pentrufirma/organizaia mea

A refuza o a lt s lujb , chia r dac ofer unsal ariu mult mai mare, pentru a rmne n

aceast firm/organizaie

Total de acord De acord Nici de acord, nici mpotriv mpotriv Total mpotriv

n ce msur suntei de acord sau nu cu urmtoarele armaii?Datele reprezint % valide raportate la populaie ocupat.Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008

c , 1217% l r l l / l. d , l l ll l 12% l l l lb lb l ( 15% ). all , ll

b l , bl .

v l l l l l? rl l: , (ax: t 15). nll l, l bbl l, . al l , l l 5564 ( l ,

h l ll ). nll ll ll l l l. , , l l l l l l . d l l ll l, l B l ll ( b l ). dl l l l l . cl ll l ll l l (ax: t 16).al, l l h l ll , l l b, l l


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l b l, l, l l , .

dl (ax: t 17) ll l

l l l l l l. al, ll l l l (mx), 35% l , l l (L), 6% l . r , l lbl, , l ll.

d l bl , , (/ l l), r ll l . gl r , bl

lll . d, c, j, d il.c bl , l l r r, Bl,sl, c, n zl, al, m B.

Figur 11. Angajament fa de munc i angajament organizaional - Romnia n context

internaional

Datele reprezint media scorului pentru ecare p de angajament.Sursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


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undaia soros romnia

l l l l l, ll l l l l l l ( xl l) (ch,

2003; Ll & Kllb, 1985; mw, 1993; mwy l., 1982). al, ll l ( sua j l) xl ll l l l (B, 1993; ch, 2003). u ll l l l (kll) (l) (dbb Byhk, 1999). l l ; lb, l, , l l b bl, l l. l

h, l l l l l ll, b bl, l . b l , llx (dbb Byhk, 1999). o l l l ll. l l l l ll ll,l l l (gl l., 2006; H l., 2008). , l l l bl l l l l, bl l l .

all , l l l l ( xl, l l) (n, 1989; r l., 1994). , l ll l l ll l l (vbh, 2003). tb l b ll l l lb ( l l l l l, l l l bl;L l., 2001). al ( ) l l : (l ), piB ( l), l (l) (gl l., 2006).

dl bl l l l piB, ll ll. gl l piB l , l l, l l 33 l. a l , piBl l, l lb ( xl) l , l l l. bl , r l l piBl l, Bl, r, L, l, a s.


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Figur 12. Relaia dintre angajament i PIB Romnia n context internaional

Datele reprezint media scorului pentru ecare p de angajament.Sursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008; World Bank, 2008 pentruPIB per capita (PPP)

rl ll l l . d

b xl, l l x l ll l ll l( ). all , l l l ll x , (l l lbl l l l ). bl , r l l ll( l ll) l, Bl, r, pl, c s, l, tw.


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Figur 13. Relaia dintre angajament i individualism Romnia n context internaional

Datele reprezint media scorului pentru ecare p de angajament.Sursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008; Hofstede, 2001 pentruscorul de individualism

l l (Wh Wl, 1993), l l b l

l ( b), l ll ().p l ( , l ll l , l l l ) l l . ll l , b l l l 12 l (, Bhk l., 1998; W, 2003; all, 2007: 548). d, l h ( . l ), bbl l lb. s l l l l

. d l l b l l l bbl, l l l bbl l bbl. l l r, l l l x 16% (5% bbl 11% l bbl)2. l , l lb l / l 12 l l l l (ax: tbl 18). al, bl l l (35%)

2 30% l bbl l l , 54% l bbl.

pl ll l l l (94%; 5% bbl, 1% ).


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l (32%), l l l (7%), l (7%), l (8%) l B (10%). i l ll l ll

l ll (ax: tbl 19). al, ll h l ll l (29% h x l 5% h 20 ), ll l ll b (28% ll l 9% ll b). c lll (ax: tbl 20), r l ll l l (ll 4), l , j g v.d l l l ,

l ll l hb . b l : piB ( l l lb, ).

Figur 14. Relaia dintre intenia de a renuna la locul de munc actual i PIB Romnia n

context internaional


ideal versus real i angajament organizaional

Distana dintre ideal i reald l l b

l l b (ew, 1991),


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undaia soros romnia

(K, 1996) (,2000; vl l., 2002; Hl, 2003; slh, 2004). tl l b , l l

b l l ll l (my l., 1998). l x l l , l / , l l ll l, lll l ll : l l l (ny l., 1999; orlly l., 1991); l l l (K, 1996;v l., 1994); l l l(cbl j, 1994; tb K, 1993); l l xl l (Bw l., 1991; K,

1996). l b bl : ) l l lll b) l ) bl(K, 1996: 5).

dl l l l , ll ll . p ll b (t) bll h ( xl, l l b l ll ) l. d l l l l, l l ll b l

3, ll b. d l b l , l l l l ( b) l l b, l. al, l , l ( l l, ). s l ll l , l l4. l l l b ( l lx, l l ).

d , l l l l l l l . al, l l l ll l l , l . l l l l .

3 d l bll l (l l), l l, , r, 1991).4 d l b l l, ll l

l. l l l, ll b , l, b b l l l.


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42


d xl, 78% l l l , 38% ll l l ; 68% l

, 10% l ll l l l .p , l 40% l l, l (58%) ll l l. ch lll l l , l ll l l ll . al, l l 32% l , 21% l b 10% l lll .

dl (l) , l ,ll , l: ll l , l ( lll ) ll b l l lbl ( , l , , b , ll b l l l ). b, ll l l l b l l ( x) l , l l

l. a ll l ll , lbl, l. il ll [100; 100], l , l l, l hlb.5 dl b , l ( 15). p l l b : ,, hlb, l, l .6 c , l

5 d l l ll ( l

, x b l l ), l l ( ) . , (b l ), l l l .6 c l l l ll , b , l l ( xl, l , ll l , l l l ). c l, l l . cl l l l l, l ( b l ).

c hlb l l b x ( l).


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undaia soros romnia

b r l (80% l ll l l ), l (69%)

ll (53%). d l l, l l l, 16% , 49% , 27% hlb, 7% b l, 1% l .

Figur 15. Locul de munc distana dintre recompensele oferite i cele dorite de la un loc de

munc

7

19

17

4

5

3

2

16

46

61

52

41

33

32

28

49

39

16

24

40

36

44

50

27

7

4

6

14

24

20

20

7

1

0

1

0

2

1

1

1

siguran

venit mare

anse de promovare

munc interesant

lucru independent

ajutor pentru ali oameni

folositor societii

medie

deficit mare deficit echilibru surplus surplus mare


i l (ax: t 21): l l bbl ( l l l);

; l ll , l l ll , l l x l lll; l ( x l ), l ll l ; l l h , l l , l l ll; l l B l llb ll ,

l ; l , l l


44/203

44


l al.d l l l l ll

(ax: t 22). al, l ,

l h l ll ; l , l l ; l ll l ll ; ; l l l bl/ , ll ,l lll l l ; l l , x l l l (ll lll ).

dl l l l b l l b l l .o b l , / . r l (39% 12%), (58% 88%). d bl 50 , l l ( l

). d , l l , l l (67% 48%), , l (33% 43%). d l l l (ax: t 23).dl x ( l l, l ll l l b ). d l ( ), l bl b x l l x 34 . l l l , l l ll , l l b l . a bl, l l bl ll ( l l l ) l lbl. d , l l l l ( l l l). l l l


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undaia soros romnia

, ll. d ( l , al, ).

c l l l? l, l l l l l b, r l l l (19 17 ),l mx, u, g e, tw (t 1). d , r ll 23 33 ( = ).tb l l l l, l l (30 Bl, 3 d). l ( l , l ) x l (d, l) l. d

, r lll l l , l. c lll , r ll ll l l . l Bl, s c s, a s. l l l l l (h l l ) d, el rbl d.

Tabel 1. Decitul de recompense relav la locul de munc Romnia n context internaional

dm

r lr

m mxvl r

ll

23 18 8ilr

39Blc s

1drbld

36 47 28spl

59BlL

14del

30 28 13 slch

48

il

15

ld

16 20 25altw

30c ss

7rbldd

l

7 13 25c sil

24sBl

7twd


46/203

46


l

6 7 20chsl

21a ss

4dm B

l 4 0 10 c

20

a sc s

8

dl

17 19 23g e

30Bls

3del


Satisacia relativ la locul de muncs ll l

, l ll , l b l

l l (slh, 2005). n l l ll l ll (H l., 1985; mh z, 1990; Bw p,1994; Hk l., 1994; my l., 2002; abb l., 2005), l (my l., 1989; mh z, 1990;my l., 2002; abb l., 2005). d , l l (c s, 1987). m l,l l bl (,l l l ll , l

l ll , ll ) ll . all , bl l , l ll (mh Hl, 1989; i ry, 1994; mhl, 1994; Lk cw,2001). u (mh z, 1990) l l ll l l x l l. mll l (mh z, 1990: 182) l l . m l, l l l l l l ll :l, , , l, . l r l ll , l l r x l.

m l r l l l ll . al, 13% l l ll , 18% l, 47% l l 16% l l, l (l 6% l). d bl

l l l ll l l (31% l ), b l l


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undaia soros romnia

l l. al, bb l, , ll l l, x l l (58% l

l ll l ) B (ax: t18). nll l l ll (ax:t 19): ll h lll , l l b, l l b / bl/ . c lll (ax: t 20), r l ll, l l (sl, u, B, ch), j .

d l l hb ll ll l l ll r, l lll. dl bll l bl ll l h, xl l l:ll b l ( bl), l l, l l (ll l) l l. ch l l l ( l ) x l l l l ll

(l l ll r 0,23), l l l ll l l x , , (l l 0,21, 0,04 mxl7 l). p r x l l l l . d l l l , b r ll . ch, u, sl, j, c s l.

7 p mxl l , lll , l l l l ll l l ll l ( l l, l mxl l l bl ). s l

, l l bl: mxl , , l l, l (ll l

, bl , bl bl , bl , l l ).


48/203

48


Figur 16. Relaia dintre sasfacia relav la locul de munc i intenia de a cuta un alt loc de

munc n urmtoarele 12 luni - Romnia n context internaional


p l , l ,l bl l: . al, l l r, l l l l l 0,37 ( 0,000), l l () 0,59 ( 0,000). p r x l (l l lll ).al r , L, s, u,ch s.


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undaia soros romnia

Figur 17. Relaia dintre sasfacia relav la locul de munc i angajamentul organizaional -

Romnia n context internaional


a l l , ll l ll l (piB ). d x lb l , l piB ll . d , r , l piB .


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50


Figur 18. Relaia dintre sasfacia relav la locul de munc i PIB - Romnia n context

internaional


Un model explicativ al angajamentului organizaionala ll l l

l l . mll (ch, 1992;mh z, 1990) bll l l(l , ll , ll l) xl l l l bll l l (bll , l l). u bll l l l

l l b (/b/ ). sl l x l, l , l l (m, 1987, 1988; ew, 1991; my l.,1998; , 2000; vl l., 2002; Hl, 2003; slh, 2004).

l l l b l r? dl l l l r ll l l l ll l l l l l

l l (0,33). a (


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undaia soros romnia

l ) l. ul l l (ll , l l ll

l l). al, ll l ( , ) lb l l(l, b) (el l., 2001). dl x ll, l l . p , b l , l ,l l l. sl ll b l , l l (el l., 2001), l r l l l l ,

(l l l ), b , l l l l.

Figur 19. Corelaia dintre angajamentul organizaional i distana dintre recompensele dorite

i cele obinute (Romnia)

33

18

29

25

25

19

16

15

medie

si gurana l ocului de munc

veni t mare

anse de promovare

munc interesant

lucru indepe ndent

ajutor pentru a li oameni

folositor societii

Datele reprezint coecieni de corelaie Pearson nmulii cu 100; p 0,01 pentru toicoecienii.Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008

l l l l l l l l l ll l. gl , l . d l l lbl l ,


52/203

52


l , l ll ll .al, l l ( , ), ( ll

, ), x (l , l) (l ). tb l, l l , l l l ll l ( l).

Figur 20. Decitul de recompense i angajamentul organizaional Romnia n context

internaional


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53

undaia soros romnia


p l l l l l l . d bll ( ll , ll

), ( 0,30 ): ll , l l b, l l( ) l ll l ll . tb l ll b l (b l), x ( l l l, l ll l). al, l l , ll , l l, h l ll , l lll , l ll l ll l l b, l l

b, l bl/ .


54/203

54


Figur 21. Corelaia dintre angajamentul organizaional i diverse variabile (Romnia)

20

16

29

11

12

19

22

37

28

33

vrst

educaie

clas social

firm mic

firm de stat / public

vechime la locul de munc

persoa ne n s ubordine

sa tis facia cu locul de munc

cal itatea rel aii lor la l ocul de munc

dis tan recompense

Datele reprezint coecieni de corelaie Pearson nmulii cu 100; p 0,01 pentru toicoecienii.Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008

l ll xl l ll (l l) l. l, l l l l l: l ll bl, ll l l, ( l bll l). , l b , l (ew, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994).8p l l l , l l , l l l ew (1993, 1994)9

l (my l., 1998; , 2000). ch xl l () l ,ll l.10 a l l

8 c l l: (1) ( b l : b); (2) bl l , l l l b bl , l l ; (3) l l l l , l ll.9 r l l bl

: , b, l , l l .10 l ( bkw l), b l


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undaia soros romnia

l l l, l l l l bl ( ). d l l bl l l

.11 p , ll xl, l l , l l, l l b.12 p l ll l b l l , ll l, l ll l r, l:

Figur 22. Un model explicav al angajamentului organizaional (indivizi - Romnia)

Model path realizat n AMOS - esmri standardizate (p 0,01 pentru toi coecienii);valorile marcate cu bold reprezint variana explicat. Numr cazuri - 924


bll ll b l l, bl ll l l.11 d l b l ll xl . l, l l l r, ll l l xl (67%) l ( 0,71) .12 cl ll l ll .rl ll l amos l l ( ll l lll l, l

bl l l bll b l ), l ll.


56/203

56


i l ll l (bl, l,

l l) l l b l .

d , ll l l xl l bll, l l l (27%), l ll l bl xl l (h ). m l, ll l . al, l l bl l ll (0,28), l l (0,22), l ll (0,17), ll l ll (0,12) (0,11) (l). c (m, 1987, 1988; , 2000; vl l., 2002; Hl, 2003; slh, 2004), l

l b l ll ll (0,22), l (0,17). u l l ll l ll l ll (0,33). a ll l l ( ll), l b l ( l l l b).a l x l l lll ll , l b h l ( ll l

). dl l , ll l l ( l ) l. l, (): b l l ll (0,28), ll l ll (0,27), l l (0,25), l l l (0,23), (0,17) ll (0,14)(l ).

mll xl l l l r l l ll l ? p l b ll l l b issp (2005), l 24811 32 ( 23).13

13 c l ll, ll b l, h l l .


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undaia soros romnia

Figur 23. Un model explicav al angajamentului organizaional (indivizi - internaional)

vrsta

,22

clasa

sociala

calitatea relatiilor

la locul de munc

,31

angajamentul

organizational

,28

satisfactia relativ

la locul de munc

,07

distanta

recompense

,23

,33

,14,28

,39

e3

e2

e1 ,04

,05

,18

educatie

e4

,08

,46

,06

,18Chi-patrat = 741,028; df = 9; p = ,000

CMIN/DF = 82,336

RMSEA = ,057; pclose = ,000

IFI = ,969

CFI = ,969

PCFI = ,312

PRATIO = ,321

Model path realizat n AMOS - esmri standardizate (p 0,00 pentru toi coecienii);valorile marcate cu bold reprezint variana explicat. Numr cazuri 24811.Sursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008

sll l l l , l . cl l ll (0,33), ll l ll (0,24), ll l ll (0,14). d l r, l l bl (0,04 0,22 l r). v (0,05). d l l, hb : ll l

ll (0,41), ll (0,33), ll l ll (0,24), l l (0,08), (0,07) (0,04). l, ll l l bl l l ll l r lll (l ), x ll l ll l l bl l r (0,12 0,23). l l r, l ll l ll l l ll (0,44) l l(0,23). m l, , l ll ll

l l ( ll).


58/203

58


al l l b l l ( 24).

Figur 24. Un model explicav al angajamentului organizaional (agregat - ri)

Model path realizat n AMOS - esmri standardizate (p 0,05 pentru toi coecienii maimari de 0,30); valorile marcate cu bold reprezint variana explicat. Numr cazuri 33.Sursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008

l ll , l ( l ). s l hb l l l ( l b l l )

.14

d l l , lbll l , l b xl ll (l xl , bl). u l l ll l ll ( 0,04 0,14 0,17 ll ). L , l l, b l ll l l.

14 d l l l , l l , l l l , l l l (B sy, 1983; a l., 1993).


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undaia soros romnia

l ll l . p l l ll, bl bll l, bl ll

(ll ), bll ll l(ll ). d l l . vxl ll l, xl ll l 68% (r2

). rl l ll ,

l l ( xl l l l l l ). ll l b ll, l l l l (= 0,75),

l l ( = 0,80) ( = 0,30).15 l, ll l, l l ll l.

15 al l l ll l amos. d

l: l l l ( = 0,67), l (= 0,75) ( = 0,35), xl 83%.


60/203


61/203

61

undaia soros romnia

Tabel 3. Caracteriscile locului de munc dorit comparaie ntre diferite puri de persoane

ocupate

c l

sigurn

venitre

nederre

muninterent

Luruindeendent

ajutrentrulieni

flitrietii

felixibilittergrulu

i

h l ll ()

b 1 73 60 45 44 25 30 31 24

13 81 74 48 44 30 38 35 31

49 81 71 45 42 34 42 44 30

1019 80 65 47 45 35 44 50 2920+ 75 63 37 46 26 39 42 21

b 80 69 44 42 28 37 39 27

73 67 51 53 44 49 46 33

ll l ll

74 67 44 43 25 31 30 26

b 78 67 41 41 30 35 37 27

b 80 71 49 50 38 49 49 32

hb ll l3

78 67 44 42 30 38 40 27

79 71 49 52 31 43 41 31

(b 50) 76 69 41 42 33 39 39 27

(50 +) 80 69 50 45 31 39 42 29

bl / 82 66 49 50 35 47 47 30

77 70 43 42 31 36 37 28

l 76 69 39 41 31 35 39 27

x / 79 73 53 46 32 39 36 32

tl 78 68 44 45 32 39 40 28

populaie ocupat - % foarte importantSursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


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62


Tabel 4. Caracteriscile locului de munc dorit Romnia n context internaional (1)

c l

sigurn

venitre

neder

re

muninterent

Luruindeendent

ajutrentru

li

eni

flitrietii

felixibilitte

rgrului

* ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * **

al 59 56 15 15 25 24 50 51 25 27 25 25 27 27 15 16

g v 65 66 15 16 17 14 47 48 38 41 21 20 19 17 14 15

g e 74 75 28 28 19 21 50 51 41 43 29 29 28 27 14 15

m B 52 51 18 18 25 22 52 50 21 21 22 23 23 22 14 15

sua 63 63 30 28 42 41 57 56 34 36 43 45 47 50 18 18

u 72 73 43 46 24 23 29 31 28 32 23 23 28 29 16 19il 56 58 27 28 41 43 57 61 32 37 39 42 42 44 24 25

n 51 50 11 11 8 8 50 50 23 24 16 15 15 15 18 20

s 58 56 18 19 12 11 51 51 31 34 24 24 15 15 21 23

ch 58 58 31 32 15 15 33 35 19 23 16 16 17 16 14 15

sl 54 53 41 40 28 26 46 46 36 38 32 30 26 23 26 28

Bl 79 84 78 81 55 59 54 59 40 47 37 39 45 48 40 44

r 53 53 65 68 32 32 46 48 26 26 24 24 30 29 21 21

n zl 44 43 18 19 27 27 57 59 29 30 27 26 27 25 19 20

c 56 55 18 18 30 30 60 61 32 33 31 32 33 34 21 21

l 61 63 66 67 50 50 40 41 38 39 35 36 34 35 27 28

il 80 80 67 66 68 69 80 80 55 56 60 58 57 55 39 39

j 35 36 23 25 5 4 23 25 8 8 15 16 19 20 11 10

s 69 71 61 66 44 47 49 53 38 43 37 39 40 42 37 40

L 62 63 65 67 29 29 45 46 26 27 20 20 18 17 28 29

63 63 23 24 23 24 66 67 23 23 19 19 22 20 21 22

c 47 49 47 51 20 22 25 26 21 23 17 16 16 16 16 17

pl 62 63 43 44 45 46 51 51 33 33 40 39 45 44 25 25

d 32 30 10 10 6 6 59 60 45 48 26 26 21 20 18 18

el 59 61 8 8 13 13 60 65 43 49 26 28 20 20 23 25

l 54 50 18 17 22 19 41 42 25 28 20 20 18 17 22 21

l 54 51 20 20 10 9 50 52 23 25 15 14 12 11 21 22

mx 75 77 60 60 68 69 57 58 47 49 49 49 51 52 41 38

tw 50 53 21 23 20 22 33 37 9 10 16 18 19 21 20 21

a s 72 76 59 61 52 56 53 52 40 44 47 47 44 47 31 30

c s 60 64 43 43 48 52 55 57 24 29 31 32 36 38 23 25

rbl d 35 40 49 52 47 51 38 41 33 36 38 39 32 34 30 32

r 75 78 65 68 43 44 41 45 30 32 36 39 38 40 29 28

r r 4 3 4 2 10 10 25 25 18 18 10 10 9 9 7 9

* populaie adult - % foarte important

** populaie ocupat - % foarte importantSursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


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undaia soros romnia

Tabel 5. Caracteriscile locului de munc dorit comparaie ntre categorii socio-demograce

(2)

c l a

p /

c l * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * **

63 58 27 39 30 32 51 58 53 47 34 45

bb 62 58 32 39 27 28 58 60 49 40 40 50

1824 55 63 43 36 31 31 60 58 35 45 57 48

2534 58 54 38 44 24 22 59 65 45 42 45 51

3544 66 62 31 36 31 31 58 58 43 39 46 50

4554 60 55 32 38 34 38 52 53 52 45 36 43

5564 69 57 21 37 28 32 56 57 61 51 28 40

65+ 67 13 24 44 67 14

x. / 67 70 17 28 24 32 44 47 60 48 21 39

l / l 68 63 27 33 29 29 57 59 56 48 34 42

l / ll 60 58 36 39 31 30 59 61 45 43 47 47

50 44 44 52 29 30 60 61 37 32 56 62

/ 66 22 27 50 58 27

/ 58 39 30 60 42 49

hh 53 42 34 60 38 56

62 35 27 62 46 44

lw / l 75 22 29 51 48 40

8 91 39 54 16 78

19 78 56 26 18 74l / 41 56 30 67 24 70

() 70 23 32 49 54 32

77 18 24 61 59 31

() 68 15 25 47 66 17

B 59 48 33 49 36 31 47 56 39 25 49 68

b 56 53 39 42 30 29 59 62 46 40 45 50

b 62 57 31 39 31 34 56 57 51 42 39 49

l 67 66 23 33 24 27 52 58 57 50 29 40

al 62 57 32 41 39 43 44 47 48 42 40 49

m 64 59 28 38 23 22 60 67 53 44 35 47ml 61 57 29 38 23 25 57 62 52 41 36 48

tl 63 58 30 39 28 30 54 60 51 43 37 48

* populaie adult - % preferat** populaie ocupat - % preferatSursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


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64


Tabel 6. Caracteriscile locului de munc dorit Romnia n context internaional (2)

c

l

ap /

* ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * **

al 43 44 46 47 57 57 24 26 26 26 52 57g v 47 48 39 38 49 50 34 35 36 37 46 47g e 51 46 35 39 55 57 35 33 45 45 42 44

m B 45 45 40 42 55 53 25 28 23 21 51 53sua 37 36 61 64 66 67 31 30 29 30 67 66

u 62 59 34 38 49 53 43 41 51 45 40 48il 52 48 44 51 58 60 31 31 31 28 60 65

n 66 66 26 27 51 50 29 30 28 26 50 51

s 63 62 27 29 58 58 26 28 19 17 62 67ch 66 67 28 29 62 63 26 26 52 51 39 43

sl 43 43 41 44 47 54 36 34 64 64 22 25Bl 40 36 49 60 36 41 42 47 49 47 37 48

r 47 47 42 45 47 50 38 38 58 56 31 34n zl 41 40 48 50 60 58 22 23 17 17 63 64

c 38 40 48 47 51 51 27 28 32 31 46 48l 16 15 79 82 26 28 60 60 37 38 52 52

il 50 50 40 47 40 43 47 51 45 47 41 46j 54 53 29 32 30 33 41 38 35 32 40 44

s 64 62 28 33 29 30 62 63 53 53 37 38L 53 49 40 46 46 48 43 42 53 49 40 45 52 52 34 36 44 45 35 37 41 40 36 38

c 48 46 39 47 26 27 60 66 74 79 17 18pl 44 45 48 49 45 48 42 42 37 34 48 54

d 63 63 27 27 53 52 25 27 18 17 60 62el 48 49 46 45 72 73 20 20 25 24 63 65

l 65 67 25 27 51 53 35 37 29 27 52 58l 67 68 22 25 48 52 31 32 27 25 50 57mx 20 17 75 79 27 28 62 64 46 46 43 45

tw 46 45 46 48 36 35 52 55 57 54 34 38a s 44 43 51 54 22 24 69 68 50 42 42 51

c s 33 32 63 67 33 34 62 63 63 61 31 35rbl d 25 20 72 79 19 18 75 78 19 18 75 79

r 63 58 30 39 28 30 54 60 51 43 37 48r r 7 9 25 21 28 27 8 7 9 14 26 18

* populaie adult - % foarte important** populaie ocupat - % foarte importantSursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


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undaia soros romnia

Tabel 7. Caracteriscile percepute ale locului de munc actual comparaie ntre categorii socio-

demograce

cl lll l

c l

sigurn

venitre

nederre

muninterent

Luruindeendent

ajutrentrulien

i

flitrietii

ortunitirgre

37 7 10 20 22 32 34 25bb 39 12 14 26 27 30 36 26

1824 26 8 13 12 7 15 24 212534 31 8 13 21 22 25 32 223544 43 10 12 23 25 31 34 274554 44 10 11 31 34 42 45 295564 50 17 17 36 44 46 51 35x. / 25 5 6 14 12 20 22 15l / l 39 8 12 21 26 23 30 24l / ll 40 10 10 21 23 32 37 24 38 14 20 37 34 42 46 36 hh 41 11 17 39 33 47 51 38

38 9 11 21 21 27 32 23 lw / l 26 6 8 9 9 13 18 12 47 29 22 41 57 44 49 37 30 10 16 27 68 45 50 41B 48 17 22 36 35 50 55 40b 34 11 11 22 22 27 31 24b 39 9 13 27 27 33 40 29l 38 8 10 19 24 27 30 20

al 31 7 11 20 24 27 33 25m 44 14 15 30 29 36 40 27ml 36 6 9 17 20 25 32 24tl 38 10 12 24 25 31 36 26

Datele reprezint % total de acord.Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


66/203

66


Tabel 8. Caracteriscile percepute ale locului de munc comparaie ntre diferite puri de

persoane ocupate

cl l ll l

sigurn

venitre

nederre

muninterent

Luruindeendent

ajutrentrulieni

flitrietii

ortunitirgre

h l ll ()

b 1 28 7 9 19 11 18 24 1713 32 10 15 19 20 23 32 2449 41 9 11 24 23 36 38 291019 46 10 13 25 27 36 39 2620+ 53 10 9 35 33 44 46 32

b

38 8 11 20 18 27 32 22 45 15 20 38 42 44 49 42

ll l ll

23 2 5 13 19 23 23 17b 34 10 9 18 19 25 29 19 b 53 15 20 38 36 42 51 39

hbll

l 3

41 9 13 23 22 32 37 27

31 7 10 22 19 24 29 21

(b 50) 38 9 12 24 27 32 36 24 (50 +) 40 11 14 25 23 30 35 28

bl / 51 9 16 31 30 46 53 38 34 11 11 21 22 24 28 21

l 35 10 10 23 24 25 28 20x / 30 12 13 17 15 21 27 21

tl 38 10 12 24 25 31 36 26

Datele reprezint % total de acord.



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undaia soros romnia

Tabel 9. Caracteriscile percepute ale locului de munc actual Romnia n context

internaional

cl lll l

sigurn

venitre

nede

rre

mun

interent

Luru

indeendent

ajutrentru

lieni

flitr

ietii

ortuniti

rgre

al 19 3 4 16 20 21 22 20g v 30 3 4 36 40 24 27 28g e 17 2 4 35 40 28 32 32m B 19 5 5 21 24 27 25 18sua 31 6 9 34 33 41 39 34u 15 2 3 11 17 15 18 12il 28 6 5 31 29 32 35 26n 16 2 1 19 24 20 23 19s 18 2 1 19 24 24 26 14ch 9 2 1 15 21 12 20 12sl 33 12 8 23 31 27 27 24Bl 16 6 7 13 18 19 26 24r 27 12 9 22 17 21 29 20n zl 22 6 5 24 30 27 24 27c 23 7 5 26 34 31 28 27l 26 10 13 20 25 27 26 25

il 28 6 9 36 34 40 35 30j 43 11 4 28 24 25 27 28s 28 5 4 13 16 15 20 16L 15 2 3 12 11 13 17 13 26 2 2 27 25 26 30 21c 13 6 3 6 5 7 8 7pl 26 2 8 28 22 27 36 21d 40 13 6 50 63 47 45 40el 21 2 4 47 46 30 29 23l 17 2 2 16 19 15 16 16

l 19 5 4 23 27 20 22 24mx 34 9 19 33 38 37 40 38tw 11 3 2 6 12 9 11 10

a s 24 8 11 17 21 19 19 25c s 13 2 6 12 20 15 13 13rbl d 21 8 12 24 18 16 20 13r 38 10 12 24 25 31 36 26r r 3 5 3 13 14 7 4 10

Datele reprezint % total de acord.Sursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


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Tabel 10. Caracteriscile locului de munc actual comparaie ntre categorii socio-

demograce

cl lll l

c l

angjt

ptrn/entrriu

firi

firre

firdett

firrit

citlrne

citlixt/trin

91 9 48 52 37 63 67 33bb 86 14 45 55 30 70 74 26

1824 97 3 47 53 20 80 77 232534 85 15 57 43 23 77 67 333544 86 14 47 53 33 67 70 304554 90 10 34 66 50 50 70 305564 79 21 37 63 43 57 80 20x. / 85 15 46 54 24 76 69 31l / l 88 12 44 56 22 78 72 28l / ll 89 11 49 51 35 65 73 27 87 13 43 57 46 54 65 35 hh 45 55 56 44 59 41 42 58 31 69 69 31 lw / l 48 52 28 72 80 20 92 8 0 100 95 5 84 16 0 100 100 0B 88 12 52 48 38 62 74 26b 90 10 33 67 29 71 58 42b 88 12 46 54 36 64 75 25l 85 15 60 40 33 67 81 19

al 86 14 47 53 29 71 66 34m 90 10 43 57 34 66 72 28ml 86 14 51 49 39 61 76 24

tl 88 12 46 54 33 67 71 29

Datele reprezint % total de acord raportate la populaie ocupat.Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


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Fundaia soros romnia

Tabel 11. Caracteriscile locului de munc actual Romnia n context internaional

Cctetcle pecepte lelcl e c ctl

angjt

Ptron/

pecont

propriu

Firm

de

stt

Firm

privt

atl 87 13 30 70Ge e Vet 89 11 24 76Ge e Et 85 15 25 75me Bte 87 13 34 66sua 86 14 24 76ug 90 10 31 69il 86 14 27 73nveg 89 11 43 57

se 89 11 46 54Ceh 86 14 30 70slve 94 6 43 57Blg 92 8 36 64r 96 4 49 51n Zeel 85 15 36 64C 89 11 43 57Flpe 39 61 34 66iel 87 13 40 60

Jp 76 24 13 87

sp 86 14 18 82Let 94 6 43 57F 91 9 34 66Cp 76 24 24 76Ptgl 85 15 29 71dec 91 9 47 53Elve 89 11 30 70Fl 87 13 26 74Fl 88 12 48 52mexc 66 34 33 67

Tw 73 27 17 83 afc e s 87 13 26 74Cee e s 61 39 12 88repblc dc 59 41 24 76r 88 12 33 67rg r 14 21 16 19

Datele reprezint % total de acord raportate la populaie ocupat.


T


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atitudini fa de munc n romnia

abel 12. Angajamentul fa de munc n Romnia comparaie ntre categorii socio-

demograce

a

cg ppll = b(l pv)

l h

b(l )

i s

e * ** * ** * ** 6 8 17 24 12 16bb 5 4 16 17 10 1118-24 7 6 12 12 10 925-34 5 5 21 22 13 1435-44 4 6 19 20 12 1345-54 5 6 20 22 13 1455-64 6 6 14 19 10 13

65+ 6 - 12 - 9 -x. gz / 3 0 9 13 6 7

psl / l

4 3 16 18 10 11

l / psll 7 6 21 23 14 15s sp 13 11 23 23 18 17p / v 5 - 13 - 9 -p / v 6 - 20 - 13 -gj - hgh 14 14 29 29 22 22gj - 5 5 19 19 12 12

gj - lw / zl 0 0 12 12 6 6p gj 5 5 29 29 17 17p pp 5 5 14 14 10 10lv / s 11 - 13 - 12 -s() 3 - 15 - 9 - 4 - 19 - 12 -ps() 6 - 12 - 9 -B 8 7 26 27 17 17b 8 6 17 21 13 14b 7 6 18 21 12 14

l 3 4 13 16 8 10al 7 5 9 12 8 9m 7 9 22 26 15 18mlv 1 0 17 22 9 11tl 6 6 17 20 12 13

Datele reprezint % raportate la populaie adult (*), respecv ocupat (**).

Valorile ridicate semnic un nivel mai mare al angajamentului fa de munc.


T


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Tabel 13. Angajamentul fa de munc n Romnia comparaie ntre diferite puri de persoane

ocupate

a

c l

l =

b(l )

l h

b(l )

i

h l ll ()

b 1 7 13 1013 7 20 1349 7 20 141019 5 27 1620+ 6 23 14

b

5 21 13 9 21 15

ll l ll

4 20 12

b 6 17 12 b 7 24 16

hb ll l3

6 19 13

6 21 13

(b 50) 5 20 13 (50 +) 7 21 14

bl /

9 28 18

4 18 11

l 5 19 12x / 3 15 9

tl 6 20 13

Datele reprezint % raportate la populaie ocupat.Valorile ridicate semnic un nivel mai mare al angajamentului fa de munc.Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


72/203

72


Tabel 14. Angajamentul fa de munc Romnia n context internaional

a

l = b(l )

l h b

(l )i

d 40 41 40j 28 41 34n 32 18 25il 22 26 24 26 19 22g e 16 27 21il 24 18 21g v 19 20 20

mx 9 32 20s 22 13 17el 21 13 17sua 17 14 16pl 15 17 16c s 7 22 15rbl d 11 16 14n zl 16 10 13c 17 8 13r 6 20 13

al 13 9 11m B 13 10 11u 9 14 11r 10 13 11L 10 12 11

a s 9 13 11sl 7 13 10l 12 7 10l 13 6 9l 3 13 8s 5 11 8tw 4 12 8ch 4 10 7Bl 2 12 7c 4 3 3

Datele reprezint % raportate la populaie ocupat.Valorile ridicate semnic un nivel mai mare al angajamentului fa de munc.Sursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


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undaia soros romnia

Tabel 15. Angajamentul organizaional n Romnia comparaie ntre categorii socio-

demograce

a

c l

d

l b

/

m

/

a llb, h

ll

Indice

sintetic

15 17 10 14bb 16 17 13 151824 9 7 6 72534 12 13 8 113544 16 19 11 15

4554 18 20 16 185564 35 42 25 34x. / 9 10 4 8l / l

13 14 12 13

l / ll 17 18 12 16 19 21 15 18 hh 19 19 8 15 11 12 9 11 lw / l 8 5 5 6

56 66 48 57 46 42 39 42B 22 31 18 24b 13 12 11 12b 16 19 10 15l 15 16 13 15

al 12 14 9 12m 18 21 15 18ml 16 14 10 13tl 15 17 12 15

Datele reprezint % total de acord raportate la populaie ocupat.Valorile ridicate semnic un nivel mai mare al angajamentului organizaional.Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


74/203

74


Tabel 16. Angajamentul organizaional n Romnia comparaie ntre diferite puri de persoane

ocupate

a

c l

d

l b

/

m

/

a l lb,h

l l

i

h l ll ()

b 1 13 8 4 813 8 12 7 949 14 14 8 12

1019 12 14 12 1220+ 17 20 14 17

b

11 12 8 10 25 30 21 25

ll l ll

12 12 7 10b 9 10 7 9 b 25 29 22 25

hbll l 3

12 14 10 12

10 11 5 9

(b50)

18 20 13 17

(50 +) 11 13 8 11

bl /

16 19 11 15

14 15 11 13

l 17 18 13 16x / 6 8 6 6

tl 15 17 12 15

Datele reprezint % total de acord raportate la populaie ocupat.Valorile ridicate semnic un nivel mai mare al angajamentului organizaional.Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


75/203

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undaia soros romnia

Tabel 17. Angajamentul organizaional Romnia n context internaional

a

d

l b

/

m /

a llb, h ll

i

mx 40 42 22 35sua 38 37 12 29il 33 35 16 28

j 27 27 31 28d 27 33 14 25el 24 26 15 22

il 24 26 12 21pl 19 30 15 21

a s 28 24 10 21rbld

23 24 12 20

l 22 24 11 19c s 23 17 17 19g v

18 18 11 16

c 19 22 8 16

sl 14 19 11 15Bl 19 16 11 15n zl 17 20 7 15r 15 17 12 15m B 18 18 6 14g e 17 18 5 13n 15 17 6 13

al 12 17 7 12u 14 14 6 11r 9 13 10 11s 10 16 8 11

tw 16 11 6 11l 9 13 9 10l 7 13 10 10ch 10 10 6 9s 9 11 3 8 6 14 4 8c 7 8 6 7L 6 7 5 6

Datele reprezint % total de acord raportate la populaie ocupat.

Valorile ridicate semnic un nivel mai mare al angajamentului organizaional.Sursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


76/203

76


Tabel 18. Intenia de a cuta o slujb n alt rm / instuie n urmtoarele 12 luni i sasfacia

relav la locul de munc n Romnia comparaie ntre categorii socio-demograce

a

c l

i lb l

/ l 12 l

( + l bbl)

s l lll

(l + l)

16 28bb 16 331824 35 212534 18 28

3544 11 354554 12 315564 7 39x. / 13 27l / l

15 25

l / ll 17 31 18 39 hh 18 35 15 28

lw / l 32 25 7 58 8 33B 10 38b 20 29b 15 30l 16 31

al 17 28m 17 32ml 14 33

tl 16 31



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77

undaia soros romnia


relav la locul de munc n Romnia comparaie ntre diferite puri de persoane ocupate

a

c l

i

lb l / l

12 l( + l

bbl)

s l l ll

(l + l)

h l ll ()

b 1 29 2813 21 2449 12 321019 11 3620+ 5 35

b 17 28 12 40

ll l ll

28 16b 15 22 b 9 52

hbll

14 30 23 29

(b 50) 13 32 (50 +) 18 30

bl / 16 39

15 27 l

13 28x / 20 25

tl 16 31



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78



relav la locul de munc Romnia n context internaional

i

lb l /

l 12 l( + l

bbl)

s

l l ll (l+

l)mx 53 mx 66 52 c 65

l 46 el 64rbl d 38 d 56

L 37 il 56

a s 34 sua 56d 31 l 54m B 31 a s 50

sua 31 g v 49al 30 il 49

c 30 g e 48il 30 l 43

n zl 30 m B 43n 29 s 43

tw 27 al 41Bl 26 n zl 41

r 26 pl 41

s 25rbl

d41

il 24 r 41s 24 n 40

l 23 c 39c s 22 s 38

c 21 Bl 36el 20 l 35

pl 20 sl 33

l 17 u 33ch 16 j 32g v 16 r 31

r 16 tw 28u 16 ch 27sl 15 27j 14 L 23

g e 13 c s 20

Datele reprezint % raportate la populaie ocupat.Sursa: ISSP, Work Orientaons III, 2005 i Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


79/203

79

undaia soros romnia

Tabel 21. Diferena dintre caracteriscile percepute i cele dorite relav la locul de munc

comparaie ntre categorii socio-demograce

cl ll

c l sigurn

venitre

nede

rre

mun

interent

Luru

indeendent

ajutrentru

lieni

flitr

ietii

42 59 34 26 11 10 9bb 37 57 29 16 2 4 11824 55 63 33 30 16 14 62534 43 61 32 23 6 6 03544 35 57 32 19 8 6 34554 35 55 30 15 1 7 35564 32 52 22 13 7 1 6x. / 55 67 26 17 7 7 5l / l 40 63 23 19 1 13 7l / ll 40 58 37 22 8 6 2 31 45 35 22 7 3 3 hh 29 43 38 21 8 1 2 41 61 31 20 7 9 4 lw / l 57 64 26 16 8 10 10 26 47 28 15 5 8 5 43 42 23 31 27 9 13

B 25 50 39 24 11 11 2b 45 54 40 26 10 12 8b 40 62 26 14 2 4 3l 38 59 25 18 2 3 2

al 48 63 31 24 4 7 5m 35 53 34 15 4 6 2ml 36 58 26 25 10 8 1tl 40 58 32 21 7 8 4

Datele reprezint diferena dintre % total de acord (corespunde locului de munc) i %

foarte important (pentru un loc de munc).Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


80/203

80


Tabel 22. Diferena dintre caracteriscile percepute i cele dorite relav la locul de munc

comparaie ntre diferite puri de persoane ocupate

cl ll

c l

sigurn

venitre

nede

rre

mun

interent

Luru

indeendent

ajutrentru

lieni

flitr

ietii

h l ll ()

b 1 45 53 36 25 14 12 713 49 64 33 25 10 15 349 40 62 34 18 11 6 61019 34 55 34 20 8 8 11

20+ 22 53 28 11 7 5 4 b

42 61 33 22 10 10 7 28 52 31 15 2 5 3

ll l ll

51 65 39 30 6 8 7b 44 57 32 23 11 10 8b

27 56 29 12 2 7 2

hbll l 3

37 58 31 19 8 6 3

48 64 39 30 12 19 12

(b50) 38 60 29 18 6 7 3 (50+)

40 58 36 20 8 9 7

bl /

31 57 33 19 5 1 6

43 59 32 21 9 12 9

l 41 59 29 18 7 10 11x /

49 61 40 29 17 18 9

tl 40 58 32 21 7 8 4

Datele reprezint diferena dintre % total de acord (corespunde locului de munc) i %foarte important (pentru un loc de munc).Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


81/203

81

undaia soros romnia

Tabel 23. Diferena dintre caracteriscile reale i cele dorite relav la locul de munc comparaie

ntre categorii socio-demograce

cl ll

c l angjt

ptrn/e

ntrriu

firi

firre

firdett

firrit

33 30 16 6 10 18bb 28 25 17 5 10 201824 34 33 16 5 25 322534 31 29 35 22 19 26

3544 24 22 16 5 6 174554 35 28 4 13 5 75564 22 16 5 6 8 17x. / 15 13 14 7 24 37l / l 25 21 15 3 26 36l / ll 31 28 19 10 8 18 43 39 13 4 14 8 hh 11 5 18 12 15 4 15 25 lw / l 19 1 20 32 53 46 16 22

28 10 18 26B 40 37 21 8 13 6b 37 32 4 5 11 21b 31 27 12 3 6 15l 19 18 33 18 17 27

al 29 27 4 6 13 22m 31 28 21 10 10 19ml 29 24 26 13 2 13tl 30 27 16 6 10 19

Datele reprezint diferena dintre % da (corespunde locului de munc) i % preferina(pentru un loc de munc).Sursa: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008


82/203

82


construcia indicilor:

a ll l b l l 7 l. p l l, l ll ll l l , l ( ) * 25. al b l ll [100; 100], ll l l l, ll (l 0 b x ).

il l ll [0; 100], l 100 l xl l ll , l b q20 (ll 17 l , , ll 100, 75, 60,50, 35, 20, 0).

il l ll [0; 100], l 100 bbl xl l l , l b q24(ll 14 l , , ll

100, 66, 33, 0).

il l ll [0; 100], l 100 x . il l q2_1 q2_2 (), l (q2_1 + q2_2) / 2 * 20.

il l ll [0; 100], l 100 l x. il l q21_1, q21_2 q21_3 ( ), l (q21_1 + q21_2 + q21_3) / 3 * 20.

e l l, b l isco 88.il l: 1l (ll l 59), 2l l(ll l 34 10), 3l (ll l 1 2).

e l l l bl . il


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83

undaia soros romnia

l: 1 ( l, l , l), 2 (l, 10 l), 3 (l, ll), 3 (l, l, , ).


84/203

84


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sll, s, Hl, K a, j gl (2001) Wk o s: ely c ol c dk, nwy sw, a sl, 44 (2): 139156

swl, sh (2002) ol : q h , il jl m rw, 4(2): 155178

tb, d. B. K, t. L., 1993, ol a: a ilp, jl al pyhly, 78, 184193.

vl, s; gk, Ly L, m (2002) ehl cx,ol c, po , jl Beh, 41 (4): 349360

v, j. B., mll, r. e. p, p. a., 1994, mlll aly ol gl c, jl al pyhly, 79, 666679.

vbh, c. (2003). al h h l ch:i . jl vl Bh, 62: 516523.

v, d mall, i (1991) g Wk o: vl s W e,. Wk o 18(1): 7293.

W, Yy (2004) ob h l chly: w , il jl H r m, 15 (45): 649669

W, s. a (2003) ol , h ll l, jl ol ol pyhly,76 (3): 303321

W, W. g p, d. s (2002) sl cl ol

c, jl B pyhly, 16 (4): 537552

Wh, e. Wl, p.m. 1993. exh hy f . jl vl Bh. 42: 265281.


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capitolul 2

Locuri de munc i

Locuri de munc:percepii aLe ceLor care LucreazLa stat i aLe ceLor care

Lucreaz La privat


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locuri de munc i locuri de munc:

percepii ale celor care lucreaz la stat iale celor care lucreaz la privat

Claudiu D. Tuf1

introducere

al l, l l . o l lll . sl l l h l ll , l l ll . d 1990 l , 1990 ll hb l: l l l l l .

L l, l l l l l l ll. r l l l , l b l l l , b l xl l l ll , l l l l l . p l , l l , , l.

l , l l l l l bl: l l, lb

l (l/bl/), x l ( l b l) l hlb l ll .

p l l l , l l l l l l l , l l x ,

1 d l l o v, s r, l m c c rh l l lb l . a l , , l

cncsis id56/2007. p l l ll l, l l: [email protected].


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l, l l ll . al bl l x r l l l, l l issp Wk o iii

(2005).

tipuri de angajai

all l l l l l l, , , , l l (..l r). a l l

:p l l l l

l l .p l l x l l

l , l l l, l l .

p l l l l .2

p l x

l l l (l l).

1 b l l ll l l ll b (ll t a 1 ax). c l?

L ll l , 31% l l , 69% l l .

d l , (24%) ll , 7% l , x l , (51%) l l 18% l l (l l) .

ex : l bb l (28%, 21% l bbl), bb l l (55% bb, 45% ).

2 a l l lbl.


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d x . t b 35 l 80% l 20% l l . L l , l l

65 l l . l, b l l l . v l l l 42 . l l l x l , 40 . l 37 l l l l 36 l l l lx .

db l ll .L l b l ll

(l //l ): 20%25% l , 55%60% l l 20% l l l x . d l l b l l l ll

m l l l l . d l b x 48% l l 21% lx , l b l 59%

11%. dl xl, l, l l l x bl l b, l l l, l l l l l l .

tl b . cl b l l l l l l l l x .tl l l (26%) l l x (22%). al b , l bl l l l l l . L ll ml, l x b ( 13% l ) l (37% l ).


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Figura 1 Distribuia purilor de angajai n funcie de caracterisci socio-demograce (n

procente)

Sursa datelor: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008. Exemplu: Dintre femei: 28% lucreaz la stat, 7%lucreaz la stat dar au i experien n privat, 45% lucreaz n instuii private cu capitalromnesc, iar 20% lucreaz n instuii private cu capital mixt sau strin.


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Figura 2 Vechimea la locul de munc actual n funcie de pul de angajat (media n ani)

Sursa datelor: Eca muncii, FSR, 2008.

2 h ( ) l ll l l . d b, l ( l l ) l l bl ll : h 14 2 l, bl lll .tb l l l l l l l . l l l ,

h l l xl 6 2 l, l l x h 7 5 l.


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l , , l , (l , xl) . l hh , , l l l ,

xl bl .d l h bl ll x, , , l t a 2 x.

caracteristici ale locului de munc

l x l

b l l l ll : l l l, l b, xbl l l ll .

Figura 4 Mrimea rmei i puri de angajai


4 b l l. d b, 31% x l l (

l 250 ), l (30%) l


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6 l l b l l . c , l l , , 9 20

l ll . l l l lx , l l ll 9 .c l l l

ll : 8 l l l 8 50 x l ( l l bl l l ll ).

d l ll (l ) b bb l ll x 40

l l l l l 30 l l l l . d x b l l , x l l . l l ll l l, ( b b 10 ).

Figura 6 Timpul petrecut pentru munc plt ntr-o zi obinuit de lucru (n ore i minute)



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tl l ll l

l l ll . sb b l lb bl l l, bl l l l. a 7, l, 8, l.

p 80% l l l l x l l bl l.16% 19% l

l , l (4%) lb l bl . l l l l b xbl bl l l: 20% l b, 16% ( l lll ) l lb l l l.

l l l ( 8) b l l x xbl: l (47%) l l l

. p , lll l l l l bl x . cl l b . c l l , l , l lb l l: bl l l lb l bl (l lll x 15%).


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Figura 7 Flexibilitate n stabilirea programului de lucru (n procente)


Figura 8 Flexibilitate n stabilirea modului de organizare a zilei de lucru (n procente)



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t a 4 x l r x l l bl . d l ll ll lb bl l l,

r, 72%, 30 33 , l l bl l l. l r a s (72%), Bl (75%) r (76%). l l l l l (29%),s (29%), d (31%), l (32%) el (35%).

l l lb bl l l l, r, 36%, l , 27 33 . l

r u (37%), L (43%), Bl (46%),r (52%), c (53%) a s (55%). l l bl l l l d(13%), l (13%), el (14%), s (15%) l (17%).

u l l l b l l l l l l b l bl l l ( l l, l bl l l l, l bl l b .).

Figura 9 Ct de greu ar s plecai din mpul programului de lucru pentru a rezolva o problem

personal?



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d 40% l l l l l

l l l l bl l l. p l x l 52%, l b l xbl: 60% l l l .

t a 5 x 33 bl. c l l l l l l l l l bll, r, 53%, ll 25 l 33 . p

l b l : 52% ch, 48% g e, 51% L. p l l l bl l l l l d (76%), el (76%), il (78%) s (79%). p ll l Bl (42%) r (46%).

L l l b :

l l l l l ll (9 20 ) b l xbl

bl l l, l l l l l l bl l l l l.

L ll x l , l lll , xbl bl l l l l l l ll l bl l.

a l l x l l l, bl l l ll l bl l l.


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Figura 10 Frecvena lucrului peste program (n procente)


d l x x l l l b l l.

t l, , , bl l ll l l l. sb (, l l l, l ) b l l l, l , l wk.

l b l l l ( 10), l , x l l. al l x

l l l (49% l b l l ). d l l l 36% l , 41% l l l, l 23% l .

40% 51% ( ) l l l l ( 11). d l , x l bbl l . dl x

ll l l l l,


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bl b l l ( bl l x l h l ).

d x l : 40% l l x l l l l l , b 30% l l .

Figura 11 Frecvena lucrului seara sau noaptea (n procente)


12 ll wk l . d b, l l x l b : 20% l wk, 25% l wk l l l, 55% l . a l b: 36% l wk 40% l wk l .


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Figura 12 Frecvena lucrului n week-end (n procente)


Figura 13 Pe lng slujba principal mai muncii i n alt parte pentru un venit adiional?


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13 l ll l .3 Singura categorie de angajai care se difereniaz este cea acelor care lucreaz n prezent n sectorul de stat, dar care, n trecut, au lucrat in sectorul privat. Mai mult de un sfert dintre cei aparinnd acestui grup (27%)declar c muncesc i n alt parte pentru un venit adiional. Doar una din optpersoane din celelalte grupuri de angajai declar c obine un venit adiional.

cl ( 14) l l ll 12 l.4 c l l x l l l l : 43%. p ll l l l x . l ll l l. d l l, 17% l l ll .

3 cl l : ll , ll lb , l .

4 a l l l ll .


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Figura 14 Programe de pregre profesional n ulmele 12 luni


tb x bl l: l l l l , l l . d 11% l l l l l xl l l, l l .

d 17% b l l , l , xl

l ( l x , ,


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l l xl ) l ( x l b, l l x

l l ). x l ( t a 5 x), 25%

r 28 33 l l l. r s (24%), c (22%), pl (22%), r(19%) Bl (14%). rl l l l 61% al 60% l, m B sua.

ul b l. dl 15 t 1 l l . c l ( l l ) b l l , l l 2008, l l .L l l l l l , l x l (1156 l), ll l ( 1074 l), l

l x (1022 l) l (991 l).

d l x l lll xl l b h l l l l l, l l l ll l. d 13, l x l l l l , 13% lll , xl ll l .


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Figura 15 Venitul mediu n luna aprilie 2008 (n lei)


Tabelul 1 Venitul mediu n luna aprilie 2008 n funcie de caracterisci socio-demograce

i puri de angajai (n lei)

L L

x l

i

i x

tl 1074 1156 991 1022

sx

985 1156 848 889

Bb 1166 1156 1071 1130

v

18 24 924 691 807 7

Documents

Ro 80 Atitudini Fata de Munca Revazut