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7/29/2019 Road and Street Classification Powerpoint Updated
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Residential Site Development Guidelines for
PennsylvaniaOversight Committee Meeting
February 10, 2005
Street Classification and Standards
Civil and Environmental Engineering
**************************************************************
Presentation revised based on input by Committee
**************************************************************
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Approach:
1. Review of existing PA ordinances and
standards
2. Review other existing and suggested standards
PennDOT
AASHTO Residential Streets (NAHB, ITE, ASCE, ULI) Performance Streets (Bucks County) PennSCAPES
Other
3. Compile Guideline Standards
4. Pier review
Guideline Standards for Residential Streets
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First Step.review of existing ordinances and
standards
Guideline Standards for Residential Streets
Classification schemes Width
Longitudinal Grade Parking Configuration Curbs vs. No Curbs Pavement Structure
Sidewalk Standards Cul-de-sac Characteristics
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Location of Sampled Subdivision and Land Development
Ordinances
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Review of existing ordinances and standards
Guideline Standards for Residential Streets
Classification schemes Width
Longitudinal Grade Parking Configuration Curbs vs. No Curbs Sidewalk Standards
Cul-de-sac Characteristics Pavement Structure
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Municipal Road Classification Schemes
Rural
Reside
ntial
Inter-commun
ity
Alley
Private
LocalP
rimary
LocalS
econda
ry
MinorC
ollector
Local
Collecto
r
MarginalA
ccess
SingleAcces
s
LocalA
ccess
Feeder
Collect
or
Service/Margi
nalAcc
ess
Residen
tialAcc
ess
RuralR
esidenti
alAcce
ss
Industria
lAcces
s
MinorCol
lectors
MajorCollec
tors
MinorA
rterials
Access
Sub-col
lector
Collector
Alley
Local
Collecto
r
Loop
Cul-de-s
ac
Residen
tial Pr
imary
Residen
tial Se
condary
Marginal
Access
Collector
Local
Access
Streets
Residentia
l
RuralResiden
tial
Industria
lStreets
Collecto
rs
Minor
Major
Residen
tialServ
ice
RuralService
Neighbo
rhoodFeede
r
Inter-co
mmunit
y
Alley
Minor
Collec
tor
Cul-de-sac
Local
Collecto
r
LimitedAc
cess
Local
Access
Minor
Collecto
r
Connec
tor
Margina
lAcces
s
Alley
Collector
Minor
Connec
tor
Collecto
r
Sub-col
lector
Minor
/Loop
Cul-de-sac
MarginalAcce
ss
Private
Lane
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Residential Street Classification:
Considerations
1. Must be based on function within a community
environment; not just vehicular mobility;2. Must integrate with the PennDOT road
classification system;
3. Should be consistent across township lines.
4. Must be applicable to both rural and urbansettings;
5. To be well received, it must consider all local
road functions (commercial, mixed use, and
residential).
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Residential Street Classification:
AASHTO / PennDOT
Arterials Rural / Urban
Collectors Rural / UrbanLocal Rural / Urban
Classification based on mobility vs. land accessnottraffic volumes
AASHTO, 2001AASHTO, 2001
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Proposed Street Classification:
Arterials Rural / Urban
Collectors Rural / Urban
Local Rural / UrbanMunicipal Streets and Roads
Residential Access (A&B)
Residential Collectors
Mixed Use / Collector
Special Use Streets
Alley
Divided StreetsCommercial / Industrial Access
Commercial / Industrial Collector
PennDOT
Classifications
Proposed
Municipal Street
Classifications
Municipal Street Classifications a subset of PennDOT ClassificationsBased on type of use and character of roadway
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Residential Access Streets:
Primary function is access toindividual residential properties.
Carries traffic that has itsdestination or origin on that streetor from within the local
neighborhood.Local streets have a significant
role in defining the character of
neighborhoods and as suchshould be designed to bepedestrian friendly.
The new Shape of Suburbia
PennSCAPEs
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Residential Access Streets:
The residential access streets classification is capped at atraffic volume of 750 TPD per access point.
* Based on 10 vehicle trips per day per single family dwelling
Performance Streets, 1980
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Residential Collector:
Primary function is to provide mobility out of residentialneighborhoods and some limited lot access;
Intended as collectors and distributors of residentialtraffic to higher level streets and roads.
AASHTO, 2001
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Residential Collector:
These corridors may also serve to facilitatepedestrian and bikeway movements eitheron or adjacent to the roadway.
Some limited lot access can beprovided but should be discouraged.
Limit traffic loading to less than 3000 TPD or less
No street parking provided
Best Dev. Practices, 1996
Best Dev. Practices, 1996 PennSCAPES, 2003
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Mixed Use Access / Collector:
Function is to provide access to neighborhoodcommercial properties and multi-family housingcomplexes;
Also may serve as residential collectors, and connectorsbetween residential neighborhoods and arterials.
Reflectingneighborhood characteris equal to mobility inimportance.
The New Shape of Suburbia, 2003
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Mixed Use Access / Collector:
These streets may also serve as origin and destinationnodes for pedestrians and bicyclists.
Street parking may be provided for access toneighborhood commercial uses to supplement off streetparking.
Best Dev. Practices, 1996 The New Shape of Suburbia, 2003
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Mixed Use Access / Collector:
Average daily traffic should be less than 2000 TPD tominimize vehicle / pedestrian / bicyclist conflicts. Geometric
design to be based on anticipated traffic loading.
Best Dev. Practices, 1996 The New Shape of Suburbia, 2003
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Special Use Streets:
Alley
Divided Streets
Parkway
Boulevard
PennSCAPES, 2003
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PennSCAPEs
Special Use Streets: Alley
Primary function: to provide rear access to properties(Residential or commercial) to
reduce curb cuts andaccess points along
frontage streets,
permit unencumberedpedestrian scaled front,
provides less visible
access for service
functions.
Chapel Hill, NC
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Special Use Streets: Alley
Design Considerations:Minimum pavement width to accommodate single
direction movement of vehicles (10 12 ft);
Adequate ROW width to accommodate passing
(16 ft; 33 ft for liquid fuels reimbursement)
Inverted section for drainage.
No Parking
PennSCAPEs
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Special Use Streets: Divided Parkway & Boulevard
Functional Definition: A residential collector with aplanted or natural median area which provides esthetic
value, and is often used to create community character.
Can also be used to preserve existing significant naturalfeatures.
In Rural Areas, Parkwaysare usually uncurbed and
restrict parking along
their length.
PennSCAPES, 2003
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Special Use Streets: Divided Parkway & Boulevard
Functional Definition: A residential collector with aplanted or natural median area which provides esthetic
value, and is often used to create community character.
Can also be used to preserve existing significant naturalfeatures.
In urban areas,boulevards are
typically curbed to
accommodate
drainage anddelineate parking
along their length.PennSCAPES, 2003
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Review of existing ordinances and standards
Guideline Standards for Residential Streets
Classification schemes Width
Parking Configuration Curbs vs. No Curbs Longitudinal Grade Sidewalk Standards
Cul-de-sac Characteristics Pavement Structure
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Residential Street Width(From exist ing Ordinances)
With Parking
>36 feet 4 (5%)
32 36 feet 21 (25%)
26 30 feet 24 (29%)
36 feet 0 (0%)32 36 feet 2 (2%)
26 30 feet 3 (4%)
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Residential Street Width:
An appropriate local road width should be based on:
Travel-way lane width
Parking needs and lane width
Curbed or uncurbed
Traffic flow pattern
PennSCAPES 2003
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Residential Street Width:
PennDOT/ AASHTO
9 12 per lane (function of traffic volume and
design speed)
Residential Streets
18 to 26 curb to curb depending on parkingconfiguration.
Performance Streets
18 20 depending on traffic volume(9 10 per lane)
Travel-way Lane Width
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Parking Needs / Configuration
Most ordinances assume parking both sides;
Parking Lane 7 ft. or 8 ft. wide; Providing for on-street parking contributes to
wide road widths.
Residential Street Width:
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Residential Street Width:
PennDOT/ AASHTO
7 8 per lane (function of traffic volume and
design speed)
Residential Streets
7 per lane all local streets
Performance Streets
8 per land all streets
Parking Lane Width
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Curbed vs. Uncurbed Section
Most ordinances in urban settings specify curbed road
sections. In rural zoning classifications (greater than 1 acre minimum
lot size) most ordinances permit uncurbed sections.
Residential Street Width:
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Residential Street Width:
Residential Streets
Traffic Flow
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32718Parking Both SidesStabilized
Shoulder(*)Free
25718Parking one side or
alternate sidesCurbedSlow
18018No ParkingCurbedFree
18711Parking one side or
alternate sidesCurbedYield
Shoulder out
to out
Shoulder
width
Face
Curb to
Face
Curb
Parking
lane
Width
Travel-
Way
width
ParkingCurb
Config.
Traffic
Pattern
Residential Access Road ADT < 400 TPD Per Access Point
Recommended Residential Street Widths
(*) Stabil ized Grass
PennSCAPES 2003
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34720Parking Both SidesStabilizedShoulder (*)
Free
341420Parking Both SidesCurbedFree
27720Parking one side or
alternate sidesCurbedSlow
20020No ParkingCurbedFree
Shoulder to
Shoulder
Shoulder
width
Face Curb
to Face
Curb
Parking
lane
Width
Travel-
Way
width
ParkingCurb Config.Traffic
Pattern
Residential Access Road ADT > 400 TPD and < 750 TPD Per Access Point
Recommended Residential Street Widths
(*) Stabil ized Grass
PennSCAPES 2003
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Residential Collector Road ADT > 750 TPD and < 1500 TPD
Per Access Point
Recommended Residential Street Widths
34622No ParkingStabilized
Shoulder (*)Free
22022No ParkingCurbedFree
Shoulder to
Shoulder
Shoulder
width
Face Curb
to Face
Curb
Parking
lane
Width
Travel-
Way
width
ParkingCurb Config.Traffic
Pattern
(*) Stabil ized Grass
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Mixed Use Access / Collector Road ADT < 3000 TPD
Recommended Residential Street Widths
34622Parking Both SidesStabilizedShoulder
Free
381622Parking Both SidesCurbedFree
30822Parking one sideCurbedFree
22022No ParkingCurbedFree
Shoulder to
Shoulder
Shoulder
width
Face Curb
to Face
Curb
Parking
lane
Width
Travel-
Way
width
ParkingCurb
Config.
Traffic
Pattern
(*) Stabil ized Grass
PennSCAPES 2003
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Special Use Streets: Alley
Recommended Residential Street Widths
162012No ParkingUncurbedYield
Shoulder to
Shoulder
Shoulder
width
Face Curb
to Face
Curb
Parking
lane
Width
Travel-
Way
width
ParkingCurb
Config.
Traffic
Pattern
PennSCAPES 2003
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Divided Street
Recommended Residential Street Widths
181011Parking AngledCurbedBoulevard
81011ParallelCurbedBoulevard
n/a1011No ParkingCurbedBoulevard
2 & 4n/a1011No ParkingStabilized
ShoulderParkway
Shoulder
Width
Parking
lane
Width
Minimum
Median
Width
Lane
width (*)Parking
Curb
Config.Type
(*) Number of lanes as necessary to
accommodate anticipated traffic
volume.
(**) Stabilized Grass
PennSCAPES 2003
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Review of existing ordinances and standards
Guideline Standards for Residential Streets
Classification schemes Width Parking Configuration Curbs vs. No Curb Longitudinal Grade Sidewalk Standards
Cul-de-sac Characteristics Pavement Structure
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Local Subdivision Road Grade
(Longitudinal Slope; from Ordinance Review)
Local Access
6% 2 (2%)
7% - 8% 4 (5%)9% - 10% 42 (50%)
11% - 12% 22 (27%)
13% - 14% 2 (2%)
15% - 16% 4 (5%)
Not Specified 6 (7%)
Residential Collector
6% 12 (14%)
7% - 8% 39 (46%)
9% - 10% 21 (25%)
11% - 12% 4 (5%)13% - 14% 0 (0%)
15% - 16% 0 (0%)
Not Specified 8 (10%)
Residential Street Longitudinal Slope:
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Residential Street Longitudinal Slope:
AASHTO (local streets)
Minimum 0.50% (0.30% for short distances)
MaxUrban - less than 15%
Rural function of terrain and design speed
Speed (MPH) 25 15
Level 7% 9%Rolling 11% 12%
Mountainous 16% 17%
Residential Street Longitudinal Slope:
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Residential Street Longitudinal Slope:
Residential Streets
Minimum 0.50%
Max - Local Access
12% (less than 8% preferred)
(up to 18% acceptable for short sections i f
significant icing not a problem)
Max - Collector10% (less than 7% preferred)
Performance Streets
Minimum - 0.05%Max - Residential Access 10%
Max - Collector 8%
Max - Alley 10%
Recommended Residential Street
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Recommended Residential Street
Longitudinal Slope:
*** To the maximum extent possible fit natural terrain ***
Minimum 0.50%
Maximum
Residential Access 15% (18% for short dist.)
Residential Collector 12%
Mixed Use Access / Collector 8%Boulevard 10%
Alley 15%
Where icing may be a problem, max slope of 12%
recommended. Where handicap sidewalk access to be provided
maximum road grades may be limited to 5%
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Review of existing ordinances and standards
Guideline Standards for Residential Streets
Classification schemes Width Parking Configuration Curbs vs. No Curb Longitudinal Grade Sidewalk Standards
Cul-de-sac Characteristics Pavement Structure
Sidewalk Standards
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Sidewalk Standards(From Ordinance Review)
Required
By Ordinance 23 (27%)
Both Sides Specified 3 (4%)
At Discretion of Board 7 (9%)Not Specified by Ordinance 51 (60%)
Minimum Width2 ft 1 (1%)
3 ft 1 (1%)
4 ft 50 (60%)
5 ft 5 (6%)6 ft 1 (1)
Not specified 26 (31%)
Sidewalk Standards
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Sidewalk Standards(Review of Standards)
AASHTO
Residential Areas 4 ft.
Commercial Areas 4 ft. 8 ft.
Residential Streets
4 ft. 6 ft. depending on needs
PennSCAPEs
Local Streets 5 ft.
Mixed Use Streets 6 ft.Divided Streets 8 ft.
Recommended Sidewalk Standards
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Recommended Sidewalk Standards(Review of Standards)
Residential Access Streets 4 ft. min
5 ft. rec.
Residential Collector 4 ft. min
5 ft. rec.
Mixed Use / Collector 5 ft. 8 ft.
(as needed)
Divided as needed
G id li St d d f R id ti l St t
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Review of existing ordinances and standards
Guideline Standards for Residential Streets
Classification schemes Width Parking Configuration Curbs vs. No Curb Longitudinal Grade Sidewalk Standards
Cul-de-sac Characteristics Pavement Structure
Cul-de-sac Characteristics
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(From Ordinance Review)
Pavement Radius
35 feet 3 (4%)40 feet 39 (46%)
50 feet 27 (33%)
60 feet 2 (2%)80 feet 1 (1%)
Not Specified 12 (14%)
Length
250 1200 feet
(Significant variation with street
classification and fromordinance to ordinance)
Cul-de-sac Characteristics
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(Recommended)
Only permitted as Residential Access Street (lengthlimited by traffic volume to < 400 TPD)
Pavement Radius 40 ft. min
Guideline Standards for Residential Streets
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Review of existing ordinances and standards
Guideline Standards for Residential Streets
Classification schemes Width Parking Configuration Curbs vs. No Curb Longitudinal Grade Sidewalk Standards
Cul-de-sac Characteristics Pavement Structure
Pavement Structure
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Pavement Structure(From Ordinance Review)
Significant variation in definitions and terminology; Some variation with road classification (13 ordinances).
Configuration:
Wearing
Base
Subgrade
Binder /
Intermediate
Wearing
Base
Subgrade
Layer thickness and
combinations varysignificantly