ROAD USER CHARGING IN CITIES The potential of EGNOS/Galileo 22/4/2010 Brussels GNSS for INnovative Road Applications

ROAD USER CHARGING IN CITIES

The potential of EGNOS/Galileo

22/4/2010

Brussels

GNSS for INnovative Road Applications

GNSS for Innovative road Applications

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72% of EU’s population lives in cities 85% of EU’s GDP produced in cities Urban centres – a crucial factor for Europe’s economy

Urban centres suffering from increasing levels of congestion

40% of CO 2 emissions and 70% of emissions of other air pollutants from road transport are due to urban traffic.

One in every three fatal road traffic accidents happens in urban areas

THE ECONOMIC ROLE OF CITIES. URBAN CONTEXT OF TRANSPORT

RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT


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TRANSPORT: THE FUTURE URBAN CONTEXT Demand of transport is expected to increase Despite ageing, Europe’s citizens are becoming

increasing mobile By 2050, 82% of the EU population will be living in

cities

So, what is the way forward?

Need for sustainable transport Reconcile economic with environmental objectives Strike balance between increasing need for mobility

and the growing carbon footprint



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ROAD PRICING: EU POLICY OVERVIEW

July 2008: Greening Transport Package –Eurovignette III

June 2009: Communication on the Future of Transport

September 2009 Urban Mobility Action Plan



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GNSS ROAD PRICING: THE NATIONAL CONTEXT

Different existing initiatives and others coming soon. Examples:– Germany (2005): charging of HGV>12t– Slovakia (2010): charging of HGV>3,k5 t on selected corridors

Ambitious Dutch Plan for nationwide pay-per-km by 2012!– Projected reduction of km driven by 15%– Projected reduction of CO2 emissions by 10%– Projected reduction of congestion by 50%

Still challenges for a GNSS-based nationwide RUC scheme: The economic and technical feasibility of large scale scheme remains uproven No tangible evidence confirming that GNSS RUC will reduce congestion and

pollution



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A high percentage of the vehicles that are within the geo-object have to be identified as

such (Toll Charger not to loose income)

GNSS is mainly used in EFC systems for: ALWAYS: Detection that vehicle is using the charging infrastructure (or

a part subject to special tariff) -> “geo-object” identification. IN DBC: Measurement of travelled distance within this infrastructure

GNSS based position is subject to (potentially large) errors that can provoke a wrong distance measurement or, worse, a wrong detection -> A “normal” GPS receiver is not enough!

Protecting the mentioned interests implies that the impact (probability) of those wrong identifications is properly bounded:

USE OF GNSS FOR RUC - TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES

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Only an extremely low probability should be allowed for vehicles that are not within the geo-object to be identified as within the

object (User not to be overcharged; system credibility)


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GNSS-BASED RUC: SOLUTIONS FOR DIFFICULTIES DETECTED

1) Use of additional sensors in the OBU and/or infrastructure plus limiting the use to a particular (highway) network. Higher cost than in a “GNSS only” solution.

2) Use of advanced data processing algorithms focused on position reliability. A reliable position (input) will ensure a reliable charging computation (output).

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Error

Real position

GNSS solution

=>The GINA solution



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THE GINA SOLUTION

Receiver computes not only position (as all receivers do) but it is also able to bound the position error: each epoch Rx computes a circle in which the real position is guaranteed to be with a very high probability e.g. 99.999%

The identification of Geo-objects is based on the use of these circles. Since the real position is guaranteed to be within these circles with a very high probability, the geo-fencing process becomes highly reliable.

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GINA proposes to use the second type of solutions using the so called “position integrity” that is a concept introduced by civil aviation for safety critical applications (and for which EGNOS is designed!)



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THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION

– GINA:

Collaborative Project, 24 months 2.2 M€ (~1.3 M€ funded) 12 partners / 7 countries, whole

value chain

–GINA: project co-funded by GSA/EC, FP7 GALILEO Call 1, coordinated by GMV

–Collaborative Project, Activity: Exploiting the full potential, Area: Mass Market Applications, Topic: GALILEO-2007-1.1-01 Innovative GNSS-based Road Applications



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GINA OBJECTIVES Main project objectives: Analysis of context of a nation-wide GNSS-based RUC (and VAS) with

especial emphasis on market and business potential Trials: Dutch ABvM as a reference A solid dissemination strategy

With the purpose of Proving the technical feasibility and economical viability of a large

scale, GNSS-only road pricing scheme (alternatives to GNSS are being considered by authorities)

Identifying the potential benefits related to congestion and pollution management

Demonstrating the possibility of VAS running on a road pricing operating platform, as well as the use of the same on board equipment shared by different applications

Understanding the added value of the EU technology in terms of performance or cost improvement compared to GPS-only.



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THE TRIALS

– Large scale demonstrator at national scale (in Netherlands) for RUC and VAS.

– OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate how and with what performance GNSS technology based on European GNSS infrastructure can support the implementation of a RUC scheme and justify its added value as compared with GPS-only (performance and cost improvement)

– 2 trials levels:

05/03/2010RUC IN CITIES. THE POTENTIAL OF EGNOS/GALILEO. THE GINA PROJECT


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THE EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS

Objectives: 1. GNSS performance evaluation: GNSS accuracy, GNSS integrity (integrity risk, size and availability of

PLs).

2. Distance measurement performance: accuracy of distance measurements

3. Geo-objects identification performance: distance measurement once geo-object identified, wrong identification / misidentification of geo-objects

4. Charging performance: overall distance measurement accuracy, overall charging measurement accuracy, overcharging performance

4 configurations GPS/ EGNOS, CANBUS (yes / no)

2 vehicles (Navteq, GMV) equipped with I-20 OBUs + high performance reference equipment

3 test routes to challenge GNSS accuracy and/or availability and representative of conditions likely to be faced by drivers in NL (>20 repetitions)

Geo-objects for each route with challenging environments for GNSS

Post-processing of data => increased flexibility in the analysis

Exhaustive trials campaign finished. Analysis on-going

No. Vehicles

Period Vehicles&drivers

VAS Reference Systems

CANBUS Evaluation Scenarios

24

weeksControlled by project

NO YES YESGNSS

performance

Routes defined by

project



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THE EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS (II)

Motorway, Urban

Amsterdam


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THE EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS (III)

Urban, The Hague


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THE EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS (IV)

Urban, Motorway - Rotterdam


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THE END2END TRIALSNo. Vehicles

Period Vehicles&drivers

VAS Reference Systems

CANBUS Evaluation Scenarios

1006

months

Volunteers (ARVAL

customers)YES NO NO

Application level

Uncontrolled, not fixed

Objectives

1. “Soft” analysis: Overall assessment of capabilities of the system from different perspectives (including capability to generate invoices, evaluation of drivers reaction and feedback, provisioning of added-value services, effects of interferences in system performance etc.)

2. Data analysis: exhaustive performance analysis for those variables with no need of a reference system (including estimation of overcharging performance, capability of getting repeatable results for same conditions etc.)

100 vehicles fitted with I-20 OBUs

Drivers: ARVAL’s customers: volunteers driving as usual.

Periodic feedback by means of anonymous questionnaires => soft & data analysis + relevant inputs for business and exploitation plan

Status:Installation of I-20 in 100 vehicles currently on-going. Until Sept. 2010

kenteken merk en typezipcode

home

zipcode

client

annual

kilometers

22-JVB-1 Volkswagen Polo 1.2 51kW Comfortline 5drs 8121 JN 2288 GC 28 97107-XP-JN BMW 318i Business Line 2564 SG 2288 GC 25 58112-HNJ-5 Citroen C5 1.6HDiF Ligne Business 8252 GS 2288 GC 49 21366-GLK-1 Toyota Prius 1.5 Hybrid Synergy Comf. 2351 RE 2288 GC 33 46624-XD-TZ Volvo V50 1.6D Base 1484 EM 2288 GC 22 07349-GKV-7 Toyota Prius 1.5 Hybrid Synergy Tech 2665 EN 2288 GC 35 92931-GKR-1 Renault Laguna Est.2.0 T Dynamique Aut 1215 CT 2288 GC 35 56500-GPS-9 BMW 318i touring High Execut.Aut.6 2624 DC 2288 GC 33 20586-GHS-3 Ford Mondeo Wagon TDCi 105 Tit. Aut 3645 GT 2288 GC 32 61306-JTV-8 Volkswagen Golf 1.4 TSI 90 Comfortline 5d 2011 XH 2288 GC 35 29683-ZP-LN Nissan Qashqai 1.6 Tekna 2WD 1076 CW 2288 GC 22 03187-XX-KT Volkswagen Golf 2.0SDI Optive 3 5drs 2313 AV 2288 GC 31 57238-PX-RJ Toyota Avensis 2.0 Executive Bus.4drs 4771 RC 2288 GC 40 40426-XJ-XD Ford Focus 1.6 16V Futura 5drs 2513 ED 2288 GC 18 26290-JPR-9 Volkswagen Golf Var.TSI 90 Comfortline 7425 GS 2288 GC 43 253



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IMPACT ON POLLUTION AND CONGESTION MANAGEMENT

While debate on “Eurovignette” Directive which lays down common rules on pricing of transport infrastructure, motivated by the “greening” of surface transport and the need to internalise external costs:

Pollution / Noise / Traffic congestion

CO2 emissions: car model + driving behaviour

Data collected during GINA trials processed to relate RUC and VAS with pollution and congestion

GNSS + CANbus information + drivers’ feedback => how “green” driving of trials participants has been



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Dissemination and exploitation

– Traditional dissemination channels: webiste, PR, newsletters, specialised press

– In addition, dedicated communication channel with ‘selected’ group of end users who have shown an interest in the technology, commercially speaking

– September 2010 – Focussed workshop to present the results of the trials to ‘selected’ group.

– Beginning 2011: Stakeholders conference

Thank you

[email protected]

Documents

ROAD USER CHARGING IN CITIES The potential of EGNOS/Galileo 22/4/2010 Brussels GNSS for INnovative Road Applications