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Rock Art Stability Index
Field Study
Niccole Villa CervenyMesa Community College
Niccole Villa CervenyMesa Community College
What is Rock ArtWhat is Rock Art
Petroglyphs - images pecked or scratched into rock surfaces
Pictographs - images painted on rock surfaces
Rock Alignments/Geoglyphs - rocks placed in alignment to form images
Intaglios - removal of desert pavement to create images on the ground
Petroglyphs - images pecked or scratched into rock surfaces
Pictographs - images painted on rock surfaces
Rock Alignments/Geoglyphs - rocks placed in alignment to form images
Intaglios - removal of desert pavement to create images on the ground
PetroglyphsPetroglyphs
N. Cerveny © 2005
PictographsPictographs
J McFaul © 2002
Geoglyphs/rock alignmentsGeoglyphs/rock alignments
N. Cerveny © 2005
IntagliosIntaglios
N. Cerveny © 2005
So why do we need a rock art panel stability index?
So why do we need a rock art panel stability index?
Weathering/Erosion Refresher
Weathering/Erosion Refresher
Geomorphology - study of the changing shape of the earth
Weathering - the breakdown of rock “in situ” (in place)
Erosion - the transport of weathered material
Weathering is the beginning to changing the shape of the earth
Geomorphology - study of the changing shape of the earth
Weathering - the breakdown of rock “in situ” (in place)
Erosion - the transport of weathered material
Weathering is the beginning to changing the shape of the earth
Rock Art Stability IndexRock Art Stability Index Setting the stage
of the landscape Stone preparing
for detatchment Incremental loss
of stone material Loss of chunks
(break-off of stone)
Rock Coatings
Setting the stage of the landscape
Stone preparing for detatchment
Incremental loss of stone material
Loss of chunks (break-off of stone)
Rock Coatings
Character ValueCharacter Value
Examine a panel for each weathering form, then score 0 to 3 O = not present 1 = Barely noticeable 2 = Obvious 3 = Very Serious Concern ***There are no 1/2-sies
Examine a panel for each weathering form, then score 0 to 3 O = not present 1 = Barely noticeable 2 = Obvious 3 = Very Serious Concern ***There are no 1/2-sies
Setting the Stage:Fissures & Rock Weaknesses
Setting the Stage:Fissures & Rock Weaknesses
Fissures independent of stone lithification
Fissures dependent on stone lithification
Changes in textural anomalies
Rock weaknesses (Moh’s)
Fissures independent of stone lithification
Fissures dependent on stone lithification
Changes in textural anomalies
Rock weaknesses (Moh’s)
Preparing for DetatchmentPreparing for Detatchment
Fissuresol future location
Roots Plant growth near or on
panel Scaling Splintering Undercutting Weathering-rind
development Other forms indicating
future detachment
Fissuresol future location
Roots Plant growth near or on
panel Scaling Splintering Undercutting Weathering-rind
development Other forms indicating
future detachment
Loss of stone material incrementally
Loss of stone material incrementally
Abrasion from sediment
Anthropogenic cutting Aveolization Crumbly Disintigration Flaking Granular disintigration Loss parallel to stone
structure Lithobiont Pitting
Abrasion from sediment
Anthropogenic cutting Aveolization Crumbly Disintigration Flaking Granular disintigration Loss parallel to stone
structure Lithobiont Pitting
Lith release of Wx-rind “dam”
Rock Coating Detachment
Rounding of Glyph Edges
Scaling Textural anomalies
erode differently Splintering Other forms of
incremental loss
Lith release of Wx-rind “dam”
Rock Coating Detachment
Rounding of Glyph Edges
Scaling Textural anomalies
erode differently Splintering Other forms of
incremental loss
Loss of Stone by breaking-off chunks
Loss of Stone by breaking-off chunks
Anthropogenic Activity
Fissuresol/calcrete wedging
Fire Undercutting Other natural
causes of break-off
Anthropogenic Activity
Fissuresol/calcrete wedging
Fire Undercutting Other natural
causes of break-off
Rock Coatings & Other Deposits
Rock Coatings & Other Deposits
Anthropogenic Rock Coatings Case Hardening* Efflorescence/
Subflorescence
Anthropogenic Rock Coatings Case Hardening* Efflorescence/
Subflorescence
Rock CoatingsRock Coatings
Dust Coatings Droppings Heavy Metal Iron Film Lithobionts Oxalate Rock Varnish Silica Glaze Unclassified Combinations of different types
Dust Coatings Droppings Heavy Metal Iron Film Lithobionts Oxalate Rock Varnish Silica Glaze Unclassified Combinations of different types
South Mountain
Municipal Park
Box Canyon
Central Entrance
Metro-Phoenix
(Granite)
Deer Valley Rock Art Center, Metro-Phoenix (Basalt)
Grand Canyon, Tanner Rapids (Sandstone)
Waterfall Canyon, Metro-Phoenix Whitetank Mountains (Granite)
Homolovi Ruins, Northern Arizona (Sandstone)
Tempe Butte Site (Andesite)