Friedrich-Karl Ewert

Rock Grouting with Emphasis on Dam Sites

With 225 Figures

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork Tokyo

Contents

1 lntroduction ............................... .

2

3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2 3.2.1

3.2.1.1 3.2.1.2 3.2.2 3.2.2.1 3.2.2.2 3.2.2.3 3.2.2.4

3.2.3

3.2.3.1 3.2.3.2

3.2.3.3

3.2.4

3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3

3.3.4

3.4

Rema rks on the Met hodology of Preparation ... .

Analysis of Completed Grouting Programmes .. . Preliminary Remarks ....................... . Selection of the Programmes; Data ............ . Representation of Grouting Data . .. .... .. .... . Description a nd Evaluation of the Programmes .. Grouting Programmes in Folded Siltstone­Sandstone Alternations of the Westphalian Upper Carboniferous ................. .... . ..... . . . The Grouting Programme a t the Mo hne Dam ... . The Aabach Dam Grouting Programme .. .. .... . Grouting Programmes in Buntsandstein ........ . The Grouting Programme a t the Ha une Da m ... . The Antrift Dam Grouting Programme ........ . The Twiste Da m Grouting Programme ....... . . . Conclusions and Recommendations far Grouting Programmes in Buntsandstein and in Similar Rock Types ..... . ........ . .... . ............. .. .. . Grouting Programmes in Turonian Limestone of Southeastern Westphalia ........... . ... . ... . . Location, Geology, Hydraulic Routing .... .... . The Grouting Programme in Downtown P aderborn ............. . ............... .. . . The Grouting Programme far the Haxter Valley Bridge ..... . ....... . . . ... . ..... ... ... . .... . The Tavera Da m Grouting Programme in Oligocene Conglomerate ... .... .. .. ......... . Microscopica! Studies ... . ..... . ............. . Purpose and Origin of Samples ....... . ....... . Size of the lnjectable Voids ...... .. .. ........ . The Process of Sedimentation , Separation and Drainage of the Excess Water ..... .. ......... . The Influence of the Grouting Pressure (Rock Fracturing) ... . ... ................... . Generally Valid Conclusions from the Analysis of the Grouting Programmes ........... ... . .. .. .

10

13 13 13 14 18

18 18 30 48 48 54 68

90

92 92

94

97

106 119 119 120

120

129

131

VIli

4

4.1 4.2

4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3

4.2.3.1 4.2.3.2 4.2.3.3 4.2 .3.4 4.3

4.3 .1 4.3.2

4.3.3

4.4

5 5.1 5.2

5.3

5.4

5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.5

5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.3.1 5.5 .3.2 5.5.3.3 5.5.3.4 5.5.4

Com cm~

Discussion of the Conventi onal Investigation Methods for Determining Rock Permeability ... . Imroduction ............................... . On the Execution , Evaluation and lmerpretation of Water Pressure Tests .................... . The Layout of the Tests .................. . .. . Testing Scheme ............................ . Several Aspects of the Practical Execution and Evaluation of Water Pressure Tests ........... . ThePump ....................... . .... · · · · · · The Packer . .. ................... ... ....... . Recording of Test Data . . ........... . . . ...... . Evaluation of the Measured Data ............. . Assessment of Current Investigation Methods far Rock Permeability .......................... . Water Pressure Tests and kr-Coefficient ........ . On the Applicability of the Lugeon Criterion; Appropriate lmpermeabilization Criteria ....... . WPT Rates and the Appraisal of the Specific Rock Permeability ..... ... ...... .. ... ... ......... . Conclusions ..... ... ...... . ................ .

On Hyd raulic Routing in Rock ............... . lntroduction ...................... .... .. ... . Methods of Researching the Hydraulic Routing in Rock ........ . . . . ............. . ......... . Influential Factors in the Development of Water Paths in Rock .................... . . ........ . Discontinuities as Prescribed Water Paths and Their Behaviour During Grouting . ....... .. .. . . Preliminary Remarks .................. . .... . Bedding Planes ..... . ............. . . ....... . J oint Planes ........ .. ....... . ... . ....... .. . Cleavage Planes ....... ........ .. ........... . Faults ......................... . ..... · · · · · · Dissolution Cavities ..... . .. . ............... . The Results of Field lnvestigations of the H ydraulic Routing ..... .... ................. . Hattelberg Tunnel .... .. .. .. .. ... . ........ . Oker-Grane Tunnel ............. .. .......... . Outcrops at the Aabach Dam Project ....... ... . Preliminary Remarks . ..................... . . Excavations at the Main Dam ........... ... .. . Karbach Tunnel ................... ... ... ... . Summary ............................... . H ydraulic Routing in the Buntsandstein ........ .

141 141

143 144 145

147 147 148 150 151

157 158

162

169 173

174 174

176

177

182 182 182 184 186 187 187

188 188 194 200 200 200 206 210 211

Comcnts

5.5.5

5.5.6

5.5 .7 5.5.8 5.6 5.7

6

6.1 6.2

6.2.1 6.2.2

6.2.3 6.2.4 6.3

6.3.1

6.3.2

6.3.3

6.3.4

6.4

6.4.1

6.4.2 6.4.3

7

7.1 7.2

Hydraulic Routing of the Upper Turonian Limestone of Southeast Westphalia ...... .... . . Exploratory Addits far a Pump Storage Scheme in Taiwan ........ . ...................... . . . . . Outcrops at the T a vera Project ........... .. .. . Other Indications Concerning Hydraulic Routing . Synopsis of the Percolation Behaviour in Rock ... Remarks on Percolation Models and Calculation Methods in Rock Mechanics .......... ... . .. . .

Studies of the Relationship Between the T ype of Hydraulic Routing, the Course of the Water Pressure Tests and Grou ting Behaviour .. . . .... . Introduction .. ...... ... ....... ..... ..... ... . Tests Using Geologically Defined Models for the H ydraulic Routes Around the Boreholes .. . .... . Prerequisites . . .... .. ...... ... .......... .... . Description of the Models, Arrangements of the Tests ....... . ................. .... . . . · · · · · · Results of Simulated Water Pressure Tests .. .... . Results of Simulated Grouting Tests .. . ....... . . Interpretation of Simulated Water Pressure Tests and Conclusions ... ... ........ ...... ....... . Conclusions Concerning the T ype of H ydraulic Routing: Director lndirect Communication . . . .. Conclusions Concerning the Size of the Routes in Relation to the Lugeon Criterion .. ..... ... .. . Conclusions Concerning the T ype of Water Paths Drawn from the Absorption Rates ..... ... .. . . . P ossibilities for Misinterpreting Water Pressure Tests ... .... . .. .. ... ... .... ........ . . . . ... . Interpretation of Simulated Grouti ng T ests and Conclusions ... .. ....... .. ......... ... . . ... . Required Pressures far Grouting Very Fine Routes, Rock-T ype-Speci fic Groutability .. .. .. . The Parallel Grouting of Dissimilar Water Paths Interplay Between Extension and Velocity of Grout Travel, Causes far Buildup of Pressure, Groutability and Grout Takes Dependent upon the Type of the Conductivity, Remaining Permeability

Practical Field Investigations on Permeability by Means of Water Pressure Tests ... .... ........ . Introduction ...... .. ........ ... ... . ........ . Rock Fracturing Contingent upon lnjection Pressure . ... ...... .. ........ ... ........ ... .

IX

213

216 219 222 224

230

234 234

235 235

239 243 253

258

258

259

261

261

263

263 266

268

276 276

276

x

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.5.1

7.5.2

7.5.3 7.5 .3.1

7.5.3.2

7.5.3.3

7.5.3.4

7.5.3.5

7.5.3.6

7.6

7.7

7.8

8

8.1 8.2

8.3 8.3.1

8.3.2

8.3.3

8.3.4

8.3.5

Contcnts

Appropriate Maximum Pressures for Water Pressure Tests .. . .......... . ........... .. .. . T he Factor "Time" in Conducting the Water Pressure Tests ..... . . . ......... . ........ . . . . Characteristic Water Pressure Tests for Determining the Permeability Behaviour of Di fferent Rock Types ....... . ....... . ..... . . . Classification of the Water Pressure Tests, " Basic T ypes" . ....... . ................. · · · · · · · · · · Geologica) Condi tions for the Basic T ypes of Water Pressure Tests .. . . .............. ...... . Discussion of Actual Test Diagrams . . .. ....... . Water Pressure Tests in lmpermeable Rock (Groupl ) . . ..... .... . .. . . . .... . ..... . ... .. . Water Pressure Tests in Rock o f Unchangeable P ermeability (Group 2) . .. . . ... . .. ... ...... . . . Water Pressure Tests in Rock of Changeable Permeability (Group 3) ... . . ......... ... . ... . . Water Pressure Tests in Rock of Very Changeable Permeability (Group 4) ... . .... . ... .... .. . ... . Time-Dependent Fracturing Processes (P-Q-t-Diagrams) .. . . .. . .......... ... ... . . . . Conclusions: Cata logue of the Possible Rock Permeabilities Based on the Water Pressure Tests . Comparison o f Rock Permeabiljties Under the Conditions of Injection and Operation .... . .. .. . Water Pressure Tests in Grouted Rocks for Controlling its Success . ...... . . . ...... .. ... . . On the Definition of "Reference" Pressure ... .. .

Practical Criteria for Determining Grouting Methods Considering Rock-Type-Specific Groutability ... . .. .. . .. .... ... . . . . .. . . ... .. . Introduction .......... ... ......... . .... . ... . Selection of Grouting Pressures in View of the Fracturing Behaviour .. . .... .. ..... . . . ..... . . Assessing the Rock-Type-Specific Groutability .. . Orientation and Types of Separation Planes Related to the Specific Conditions for Grouting .. Rela tionships Between WPT Rates and Grout Takes .. .. . . . ........ . .. . . . .... .... .... .... . The "Specific Absorption Ra te" as an Indicator for Groutability . . ... .... .. . . ..... ...... .. .. . Mapping Separa tion Planes from Drill Cores a nd T heir Representation .... ... . . . ..... . .. ..... . . Conclusions Concerning G routable Permeabili ty and G routing Pressure .... .. ... .. . .. . . . . .... .

281

282

285

285

287 290

290

290

290

292

294

294

297

297 297

300 300

301 305

305

314

315

31 8

320

Contents

8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7

8.8

8.9

9

9.1

9.2

9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3

9.2.4

9.3 9.4

9.5

9.6

9.7

9.8

9.9

9.10

lO

10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4

Penetration or Displacement Grouting? ........ . Comments on Setting W / C Ratios ...... . .. . .. . Spacing of Grout Holes, Grouting in Series ..... . Downstage or Upstage Grouting, Schematic or Adapted Execution, Accompanying Water P ressure Tests . . . . . .. . ... . .. . . . . ....... . .. . . Relatio nship Between the Type of H ydraulic Routing and the Remaining Permeability . . . . .. . . Test Grouting .. . .. ... .. . . . ... . .... .. .. ... . . .

Practical Criteria for Determining the Tolerable Permeability .... . . . ...... . . . .. . . ....... .. . . . Introduction, Hydraul ic Fundamentals, Dep th of the Curtain, "Tolerable Permeabili ty" . . . . . . . . . . Estimating the Mean Permeabil ity of the Rock for Determining Seepage Losses ........... . . ... . . P roblem and Possible Solutions .. ... . . . . . .... . Determining kr by a "Modified W eli Method " ... . Determining kr on the Basis of a Coefficient of lnfil tration ....... . ... .. ... .. . . ... . .. ... . .. . Estimating kr on the Basis of the lnclination of the Groundwater Table .... . ...... . ... .. . ... . . .. . Erodibility .. .. . ... . . . .... . ... ... ... ... . .. . . Examples o f the Possible Differences Between Groutable and Tolerable Permeabilities .. . ..... . Changes in Permeabili ty and Groutability Due to Comparatively High Storage Levels ...... . . . . . . The Expenditures for Grouting Programmes Compared with the Degree of lmpermeabilization Summarizing Assessment of the Tolerable Permeability . . . ... .. ... . . ..... ..... . .. . ... . . T he Expediency of a Contro! Gallery Considering Geologica! Setting and Rock-Type-Specific Groutability .. .. ........ . ... . . . .... ....... . . Latera) Extension of the G rout Curta in, Systematic Groundwater Measurements Prio r to the Construction of the Dam .. ...... . .... . . . . . lnfluence of the T ype of the Project o n the Tolerable Permeability . ...... ...... ... .. .. . . .

The lnfluence of the Local Geologica! Setting and the Grouting Measures on the Reduction of Uplift .. . .. .... . . .. .. .. ............ . . .. . .. . Introduction . ... .. .......... . . .. . .... .. .... . Example: Aabach Dam . .... . .... . .... . .. . ... . Example: Antrift Da m . .. .. . . .. ... .... . ... . . . Example: Tavera Dam . . .... . . . . .. .... . ... . . .

Xl

325 327 328

329

337 339

341

341

351 351 353

362

368 369

374

376

377

378

379

380

381

383 383 383 388 390

X I I Contenls

1005 Example: Twiste Dam o o o o o o o o o o o. o o o. o o o ... o o 391 1 Oo6 Conclusions Concerning the Reduction of the

Uplift o ......... o o o o ... o . . o o .. o o ..... o. o . . o 398

Il Final Remarks: an Attempt at Guide-Lines o ••• o • 404 11.1 Hydrogeological Scope o o o o o . o o ... o o o . o .... o o o 404 11 02 Site Investigations by Geologica! Mapping,

Core Drilling, Testing of Both Permeability and Groutabi li ty o o o o o . ....... o ..... o o . o o o . o .... o 406

11.3 Contro! Measures During lmpoundment ....... o 408

Bibliography o o o .... o o . . o o o o o o o o o o o o ... o o o o o .. ... .. o 410

Subject lndex .. o. o .. o o o o. o. o o o .. o ... o .. o o . .. o o o o o o o o 41 5

Adviseo Ali the terms related to the field of grouting including al­lied disciplines (geology, hydrogeology, geohydraulics) are listed as Group A of the Subject index. l t is recommended to first read these key-words because in addition to the list of contents one gets a good insight into alle items to be dealt witho

Bibliography

Albriuon JA (1982) Cement grouting practices US Army Corps of Engineers. Proc Conf Grouting Geotech Eng, New Orleans. ASCE, New York, pp 264 - 278

Arhippainen E (1970) Some notes o n the design of grouted cunains on the bas is of water pressure tests. lOth l m Congr, large dams, Momreal, pp 137 - 145

Beli FG (1975) Methods of treatmem of unstable rock. Bullerwonh, London Bentz A (1961) Lehrbuch der angewandten Geologie, voi l. Allgemeine Methoden (468 Fig, 75 T ab, 3

Taf). Enke, Stullgart , 1071 pp Bemz A, Manini H-J (1969) Lehrbuch der angewandten Geologie. Enke Verlag, Stuttgan Brautigam F (1979) Geotechnische Probleme und deren LOsung beim Bau des Wasserkraftwerkes

Wahnhausen (16 Fig). Ber 2. Nati Tag lng Geo l Fellbach. DGEG Essen, pp 213 - 228 Breth H (1965) Feldversuche zur Bestimmung der Durchlassigkeit. Vorl TH Darmstadt, Bodenmech

Grundb ( 13 Fig). Darmstadt, p p 2- 6 Bruce DA (1982) Aspects of rock grouting practice on British dams. Proc Conf Grouting Geotech

Eng, New Orleans (7 Fig). ASCE, ew York, pp 301 - 316 Bureau of Reclamation (1973) Design of small dams. USD Imer, 2nd edn. Washington Caldwell J A (1972) The theoretical determination of t h e permeability tensor for joimed rocks. P roe

Symp Percolation through fissu red rock, Stungan (l Fig). DGEG Essen, TI-C, pp l - 6 Cambefort H (1968) Bodeninjektionstechnik (391 Fig, 28 Tab). Bauverlag, Wiesbaden, Berli n, 543 pp Caron C {l 982) Background talk the state of grouting in the 1980's. P roe Conf Grouting Geotech

Eng, New Orleans (3 Fig). ASCE, New York, pp 346-358 Castillo E (1972) Mathematical model for two-dimensional percolation through fissured rock. Proc

Symp Percolation through fi ssured rock, Stungart (6 Fig). DGEG Essen, T I-D, pp l - 7 Chernyshev SN (1972) Estimation o f the permeability of the jointy rocks in massi v. P roe Symp Perco­

lation through fissured rock, Stullgart. (3 Fig) . DGEG Essen, Tl-G, pp l - I l Cloos H (1963) Einftlhrung indie Geologie. (357 Fig, 3 Taf). Borntrager, Berlin, 503 pp Correns CW (1968) EinfOhrung indie Mineralogie, 2nd edn (391 Fig, l Taf). Springer, Berlin Heidel­

berg New York, 359 pp Czernin W (1977) Zementchemie fOr Bauingenieure, 3rd edn. Bauverlag, Wiesbaden, Berlin Deere DU (1982) Cemem-bemonite grouting for dams. Proc Conf Grouting Geotechn Eng, New Or­

Jeans (8 Fig). ASCE, New York, pp 279 - 300 Demmer W (1973) Geologische Prognose fiir den Hanelberg- und Burgstallstollen. (UnverOffeml

Ber) Deutsch R, Klopp R (1977) Untergrundabdichtungsarbeiten an der Sperrmauer der MOhnetalsperre

unter besonderer Berilcksichtigung geologischer Randbediogungen (5 Fig). Ber l. Nati Tag lng Geol, Paderborn. DGEG Essen, pp 369 - 379

Dinrich E, Llithke J (1966) MOglichkeiten zur besseren Auswenung von WasserdurchlassigkeitsprO­fungen und Zememinjektionen in BohriOchern. Felsmech lng Geol, voi IV (l ) (16 Fig, 2 Tab). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 103 - 11 8

Eissele K (1966) O ber die Grundwasserbewegung in kltiftigem Sandstein (Fig 12 - 13). Jahresh Geol Landesamt Baden-WOmemberg 8: l 05 - Ili

Eissele K (1967) Zur Hydrogeologie der Bumsandstein-Tiefenwasser a m Schwarzwald-Ostrand (Fig 7, 2 Tab). Jahresh Geol Landesamt Baden-Womemberg 9:69 - 80

Ewen FK (1972) Umersuchungen zur Durchlassigkeit teniarer Gesteine am Tavera-Damm (Domini­kanische Republik). Proc Symp Percolation through fissured rock, Stuugart (9 Fig). DGEG Essen T4-C, 20 pp

Bibl iograph) 41 l

Ewen FK (1974) The increase of the rock permeability a t the Tavera Dam Dominican Repub[" e · · 1 · 1 1 · ' •c, and ~gmeenng-geo og•ca eone us10ns. 2nd lnt Congr lnt Assoc Eng Geol, Sào Paulo VI (8) (IO F" Sao Paulo, 13 pp •g).

Ewen FK (1976) Durchlassigkeit des Baugrundes. Felduntersuchungen zur Bestimmung der G b" durchlassigkeit als Voraussetzung filr die Entscheidung zur DurchfOhrung von 1 njektionen (; ;.g)s­Ber Tec h Akad Wuppenal 12: 21 - 35 •g ·

Ewen FK (1977) Zur Ermilllung eines kr Wenes fOr Fels und Kriterien zur Abdichtung des Unter­grundes von Tals~erren. Ber l Nati Tag lng Geol, Paderborn (7 Fig) . DG ED Essen, pp 393-408

Ew~n ~K (1979a) D1e Untergrundabdichtung am Tavera-Damm und die Emwicklung des Durchlas­Sigkeusverhaltens nach dem Einstau (30 Fig, 2 T ab). MOnster Forsch Geo l Palaomol 49: 1 _ 79

Ewen :K (1979b) ~ur ~ergleichbarkei t von Wasseraufnahmen in WD-Versuchen mit der spateren Geb•rgsdurchlass•gkeu umer Einstaubedingungen bei Talsperren (12 Fig). Monster Forsch Geol Palaontol 49: 81 - 106

Ewen F~ (~ 97~c) Zur ingenieurgeologischen Problematik von lnjektionswannen i m Fcls (erlautcn am Be•sp•el emer flachenhaften Abdichtung im Turonplaner) (16 Fig, 3 Tab). Mlinstcr Forsch Geol Palaomol 49: l 07-147

Ewen FK (1979d) Zur Untersuchungsmethodik der Gcbirgsdurchlassigkeit bei Talsperren (66 Fig 6 Tab). MOnster Forsch Geo l Palaomol 49: 149 - 292 '

Ewen FK (1981) Untersuchungen zu Felsinjektionen, pan 2 (1 49 Fig, 13 Tab). Miinster Forsch Geol Palaontol 53: 1-326

Ewen FK (1982a) Sohlwasserdruckabbau umer einer Talsperre oh ne Dichtungsschleier (6 Fig, 1 T ab). Wasser Boden 9: 395 - 400

Ewen FK (1982b) Die EinflOsse Ortlicher geologischer Verhllhnisse und der lnjekrionsmaJ3nahmen auf den Abbau des Sohlwasserdruckes (9 Fig) . Wasser Boden 1 O: 453 - 459

Gilg B, Gavard G (1957) Calcul de la perméabilité par des essais d'eau dans les sondages en alluvions. Bull Tech Suisse Rom

Heitfeld KH (1965) Hydro- und baugeologische Untersuchungen Ober die Durchlassigkeit des Bau­~rundes an Talsperren des Sauerlandes (71 Fig, 18 Tab, 4 Taf). Geol Mitt 5 (1-2): 1- 21 0

Heufeld KH (1972) Diskussionsbeitrag Symp DurchstrOm ung von kiOfligem Fels. Proc Symp Percolation through fissured rock, Stullgan . DGEG Essen, DI -3

Heitfeld KH (1979) Durchlassigkeitsumersuchungen im Festgestein miuels WD-Testen (20 Fig 1 Tab). Miu lng Geol Hydrogeol9: 175-218 Aachen '

Heitfel~ ~H . ~iemer W (1977) Ingenieurgeologische Untersuchungen bei Talsperrenprojekten in der Do.mmJkamschen Republik (5 Fig, l T a f). Wasserwinschaft 67 (9): 263 - 270

Hennmg O , KnOfel D (1973) Baustoffchemie, l st edn. Kohl's Technischer Verlag, Frankfun/ Main, Base l

Hermann E, Schenk V (1977) Versuchsschlitzwand und Versuchsinjektion im Buntsandstein a ls Gro13test zur W ahi der eodgOILigen Umergrundabdichtung des HochwasserrOckhaJtebeckens Mar­bach/ Haune bei Fulda (6 Fig). Ber l Nati Tag lng Geol, Paderborn. DGEG Essen, pp 445-464

Ho CS (1965) Geology and coal deposits of the Chichita-shan Area, Nantou, Taiwan (2 Fig, l Tab). Bull Geol Surv Taiwan 9:1 -51

Hoh~ S (1982) Grundlagen der ingenieurgeologischen Untersuchungsmethodik zur Felsdurchlassig­keu be1 Talsperrenbauten (7 Fig). Wasser Boden 1 O: 438 - 444

Holtz ~· Ewen FK (1977) Abdichtungsarbeiten an der Talsperre Amrifual , Vogelsbergkreis, H essen (7 F1g). Ber l. Nati Tag lng Geol, Paderborn. DGEG Essen, pp 429 - 443

HolzlOhner U (1970) Der lnjektionsvorgang in kltiftigem Fels (3 Fig). Felsmech Jng Geol 2: 41 -60 Houlsby AC (1976) Routine imerpretation of the Lugeon Water Test. Q J Eng GeoJ 9: 303 - 313 Houlsby AC (1982a) Background talk: cement grouting for dams. Proc Conf Grouting Geotech Eng

New Orleans (13 Fig). ASCE, New York, pp l - 34 ' Houlsby AC (1982b) Optimum water: cement ratios for rock grouting. P roe Conf Grouting Geotech

Eng, New Orleans (6 Fig, l Tab). ASCE, New York, pp 317 - 331 Jager JC (1969) Rock mechanics and Engineering. Univ Press Cambridge Jawanski W (1970) Contribution Lo correlation of cement absorption and loss of water in pressure

tests for flysch rocks (4 Fig). Proc Symp Percolation through fissured rock, Belgrad. Belgrad, T6-16, 6 pp

Jefferis SA (1982) Effects of mixing on bentonite slurries and grouts (5 Fig) . Proc Conf Grouting Geotech Eng, New Orleans. ASCE, New York , pp 62 - 76

412 Bibliograph)

Keller G (1969) Angewandte Hydrogeologie (240 Fig, 38 Tal). Verlag Wasser Boden, Hamburg, 411 pp

Klopp R (1975) Ergebnisse und Schlilsse an langjlihriger ingenieurgcologischer Beobachtung des Fels­untergrundes einigcr Talsperren im Sauerland (4 Fig, 5 Tal) . Wasserwirtschaft 65 (l) : 15 - 21

Klopp R (1976) Anwendungsbeispiele von lnjektionen im Wasserbau, part 2 (7 Fig) . Ber Techn Akad Wuppertal 12: 72 - 80

Klopp R, Schimmer R (1977) Ergebnisse differenzierter Auswertung von WD-Testen bei Abdich­tungsarbeiten an der Mohnetalsperre (7 Fig) . Ber l Nati Tag lng Geol, Paderborn . DGEG Essen, pp 381 - 392

Konjarowa PP (1964) Zusammenfassende Betrachtung von Wasserdurchllissigkeitswenen klilftiger Gesteine (3 Fig) . Z Angew Geol 10 (6) : 301 - 302

KUhn-Veltcn H, Miche! G (1975) Hydrogeologische Probleme bei einer gro13nachigen GrUndung im klUftigen Kalkstein (4 Fig) . Z Dtsch Geol Ges 126 (2) : 245 - 252

Kunert N (1976) lnjektionsmittel und Technologie bei Verpressungen im Festgestein . Ber Techn Akad Wuppenal 12: 36 - 44

Kutzner C (1982a) The value of inspection galleries. Water Power Dam Constr May 1982: 78-84 KuLZ.ner C (1982b) Seepage, grouting and galleries. ICOLD, 14th Congr, Rio de J aneiro Kutzner C (1982c) lnjektionsmittel (IO Fig). Wasser Boden 10: 444 - 449 Lancaster-Jones PFF (1975) The interpretation of the Lugeon water test (l Fig). Q J Eng Geol 8:

151 - 154 Littlejohn GS (1982) Design of cement based grouts. Proc Conf Grouting Geotech Eng, New Orlean

(18 Fig, 6 Tab) . ASCE, New York, pp 35 - 48 Londe P, Sabarly F (1966) La distribution des perméabilités dans la fondation des barages routes en

fonction du champ de contrainte. Proc Symp Percolation through fi ssured rock, Lissabon 2: 517 - 521

Lorenz W, Seethaler L (1970) Trinkwassertalsperre Mauthaus (15 Fig). Wasserwinschaft 60 (6): 199 - 207

Louis C (1967) StrOmungsvorglinge in kiUftigen Medien und ihre Wirkung au f die Standsicherheit von Bauwerken und BOschungen im Fels. Diss, Univ Karlsruhe

Louis C, Maini YNT (1970) Determination o f in situ hydraulic parameters in jointed rock (9 Fig). P roe Symp Percolation through fissured rock, Belgrad. Belgrad, T l -32, p p 5 - 245

Lugeon M (1933) Barrages et géologie. Dunod, Paris Mai n i YNT, Noorishad J, Sharp J C (1972) Theoretical an d field considerations o n the determination

of in situ hydraulic parameters in fractured rock (15 Fig). Proc Symp Percolation through fi ssured rock, Stuttgan. DGEG Essen, TI-E, pp t - 8

MUIIer L (1963) Der Felsbau, voi l. Theor Teil. Felsbau il ber T age, l st pan (307 Fig, 22 Tal) . Enke, Stuttgart, 624 pp

Mutschmann J, Stimmelmayr F (1973) Taschenbuch der Wasserversorgung, 6th edn. Frankh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgan

Neumann R (1964) Geologie ftir Bauingenieure (521 Fig, 43 Tab). Ernst, Berlin Mtinchen, 785 pp Nonveiler E (1970) A rational approach to design of grout curtains. Proc Symp Percolation through

fissu red rock, Belgrad, voi Ili (7 Fig). Belgrad, pp 217 - 222 Pearson R, Money MS (1977) lmprovements in the Lugeon or packer permeability test. Q J Eng Geol

10: 221 - 239 Ramdohr P, Strunz H (1967) Klockmanns Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, 15th ed n (582 Fig). Enke, Stutt­

gart, 820 pp Reinhardt M (1970) Grilndung von Talsperrenherdmauern (15 Fig). Vortr Baugrundtagung, Dilssel­

dorf. DGEG Essen, pp 547 - 568 Reinhardt M (1976) Untergrundverpressungen an Talsperren in Nordrhein-Westfalen (7 Fig). Ber

Techn Akad Wuppenal 12: 63- 71 Reinhardt M (1977) lngenieurgeologische Standonbeuneilung von Stauanlagen in Nordrhein-W est·

falen . Ber l Nati Tag lng Geo!, Paderborn. DGEG Essen, pp 269 - 276 Renner R (1976) Die Beziehungen zwischen Gesteinsart, Trennnlichengeftige und lnjektionen. Ver·

such einer Auswertung anhand von Kernbohrungen und Ausfilhrungsprotokollen. UnverOff Dipl Arb, Univ Bochum

Reuter F (1958) Die Wasserdurchlassigkeitsprtifungen und Baugrundvergtitung a ls ingenieurgeologi­sche Untersuchungsmethode bei Talsperrenbauten (13 Fig) . Z Angew Geo! 4 (4): 166 - 174

Bibliography 413

Reuter F (1959) Geologische Betrachtungen Uber Abdichtungsarbeiten bei Talsperren (2 Fig). z An­gew Geo! 5 (l 0): 469 - 473

Richter K (1966) Aus Theorie und Praxis der Hochwasserbckampfung durch Rilckhaltebecken (9 Fig). Wasserwinschaft 56 (3): 76 - 83

Richter W, Lillich W (1975) Abrif3 der Hyd rogeologic (96 Fig, 18 Tab). Schweizerbart, Stuttgan, 281 pp

Rissler P (1977) Bestimmung der Wasserdurchlassigkeit von klilftigem Fels. Diss, Univ Aachen Rodatz W, Wittke W (1972) Wechselwirkung zwischen Deformation und DurchstrOmung im klilfti·

gen anisotropen Gebirge. Proc Symp Percolat ion through fi ssured rock, Stuttgan (5 Fig). DGEG Essen, T2- l , pp l - 8

Sabarly F (1974) Géologie de l'ingénieur et fondations de barrages. P roe 2nd In t Congr In t Assoc Eng Geo!, Sào Paulo, voi Il . Sào Paulo, VJ-6R, p l

Schade D (1976) WD-Versuche in verschiedenen geologischen Formationen (15 Fig). Ber l Nati Tag lng Geo!, Paderborn . DGEG Essen, pp 409-427

Schaef H-J (1964) Probleme bei der Festlegung der erforderlichen Tiefe von Dichtungsschleiern im Festgestein (3 Fig). Freiberger Forschungsh C 176: 45 - 56

Schetelig K (1977) lngenieurgeologische Randbedingungen filr den erfolgreichen Ei nsatz horizomaler oder venikaler Dichtungselemente (4 Fig). Ber l Nati Tag lng Geo!, Paderborn. DGEG Essen, pp 331- 355

Schetelig K (1982) Entwurf eines lnjektionsschleiers (5 Fig). Wasser Boden 34: IO Jahr, pp 449 - 453 Schetelig K, Schenk V, Heyberger W (1978) Neues Mef3verfahren fil r die Durchfilhrung von Wasser­

abpressungen (5 Fig) . Proc 3 Nati Tag Fels Mech Aachen: pp 28 - 43 Schmidt M (1968a) Trinkwassererschlief3ung im Westharz tiber die Graneta lsperre part l (5 Fig).

Wasserwirtschaft 58 (7): 198 - 203 Schmidt M (1968b) Trinkwassererschliellung im Westharz Uber die Granetalsperre part 2 (3 Fig).

Wasserwinschaft 58 (8): 239-243 Schmidt M (1972) Der Oker-Grane-Stollen. Wasser Boden 24 (12): 369 - 372 Schneider H (1961 a) Die Grundwasserneubildung (Fig l - 8, T ab l - 4). Bohrtech Brunnenb Rohrlei­

tungsb H 6: 285 - 292 Schneider H (1961 b) Die Grundwasserneu bildung. Fonsetzung l (Fig 9 - 14, Tab 5 - 17) . Bohrtech

Brunnenb Rohrleitungsb H 7: 321 - 328 Schneider H (1961 c) Di e Grundwasserneubildung. Fortsetzung 2 (Fig 18 - 22) . Bohnech Brunnenb

Rohrleitungsb H 8: 358 - 368 Schwerdtfeger K (1964) Zur Theorie der lnjektion von klilftigem Gebirge bei der Abdichtung des Un­

tergrundes von Talsperren (7 Fig) . Diss, TU Berlin, 67 pp Sharp JC, Maini YNT (1972) Fundamental considerations on the hydraulic characterist ics of joints in

rock. Proc Symp Percolation through fi ssured rock, Stuttgart (12 Fig). Essen, Tl-F, pp 1 - 15 Sherard JC, Woodward RJ, Cizienski SS, Clevenger WA (1976) Earth and eanh-rock dams. John

Wiley Sons, London New York Snow DT (1972) Concluding remarks on theme 1. Proc ISRM-Symp Percolation through fissured

rock, Stuttgart. DGEG Essen Dl-20 + 21 Sowers GF (1962) Earth and rockfill dam engineering (120 Fig, 27 Tab). Asia, Londo n, 283 pp Striegler W, Werner D (1969) Dammbau in Theorie und Praxis (253 Fig, 85 Tab). Springer. Berlin

Heidelberg New York, 462 pp Thomas HH (1979) The engineering of large dams. John Wi ley & Sons, London New York Ver fel J (1963) lnjektionsschleie r in Felsgesteinen (14 Fig). Z Angew Geol 9 (5): 259 - 266 VOitz H (1966) Der lnjektionsraum von Fest· und Lockergestein. Ber Techn Akad Wuppertal 12:

4 - 20 Wahlstrom EE (1974) Dams, dam foundations and reservoir sites. Dev Geotech Eng 6 Wallner M, Wittke W (1972) Wassereinbrtiche beim Vomieb von Felshohlrliumen. Proc lnt Symp

DurchstrOmung von kltiftigem Fels, Stuttgan (7 Fig). DGEG Essen, T4-1, pp l - 9 Wa.lters RCS (1971) Dam geology, 2nd edn (302 Fig). Butterwonhs, London, 470 pp Weber P (1977) lngenieurgeologie bei Planung und Bau von Hochwasser-Rilckhaltebecken in Ost­

westfalen. Ber l Nati Tag lng Geo!, Paderborn. DGEG Essen, pp 277-286 Wiederhold W (1965a) Theorie und Praxis des hydrologischen Pumpversuchs (22 Fig). Gas Wasser­

fach 42: 933 - 938

~14 Bibliography

Wiederhold W (1965b) Thcorie und Praxis des hydrologischen Pumpversuchs. Gas Wasserfach 34: 1170-1176

Wiesner E (1975) Vorspann-lnjektionen im Triebwasserstollen der Mehrzweckanlage T a vera, Domi­nikanische Republik (3 Fig). Ber Techn Akad Wuppenal 12: 88 - 93

Wiuke w (1967) Zur Reichwcite von lnjektionen i m kliiftigen Fels (7 Fig). Felsmech Ing Geol Suppl IV: 79-89

\Viuke \V (1970) Rechnerische und elektroanaloge L()sung dreidimensionaler Aufgaben der Durch­strbmung von kliiftigem Fels. Proc Symp Percolat ion through fissured rock, Belgrad (lO Fig). Bel­grad, pp 253 - 264

Wiu ke W, Jiingling H (1979) Sickerstrbmung in kliifligem Fcls (20 Fig, l Tab). M in Ing Geol Hydro­geol 9: 219 - 263 . Aachen

Wiuke W, Louis C (1968) Modellversuche zur Durchstrbmung kliiftiger Medien (24 Fig). Felsmech I ngenieurgeol Suppl I V: 52-78

Winke W, Rissler P, Semprich S (1972) Riium liche, laminare und turbulente Strbmung in kliifligem Fels nach zwei verschiedcnen Rechenmodellen. Proc Symp Percolation through fissured rock, Stuttgan ( I l Fig). DGEG Essen, T I - H, pp l - 18

Wolters R (1969) Zur Ursache der Emstehung obernachenparalleler KIUfte (9 Fig). Felsmcch Ing Geo l I: 53 - 70

Wolters R, Reinhardt M (1974) O n grouting of dams in the " Rheinisches Schiefergebirge" (moumains in Western Germany) (2 Fig). Bull l m Assoc Eng Geol 9: 103 - I 12

Wolters R, Reinhardt M, Jiiger B (1972) Beobachtungen iiber An, Anordnung und Ausdehnung von Kluftfugen. Proc Symp Percolation through fissured rock, Stuugan (5 Fig). DGEG Essen, l ( I), 13 p p

Wunderlich HG {1968) EinfUhrung in die Geologie, part I (53 Fig). Bibliogr Inst, Mannheim Wien Ziirich, 214 pp

Zaruba Q (1962) Wasserdurchlilssigkeitspriifungen und Probeinjektionen fiir den Talsperrenbau (9 Fig). Z Angew Geol 8 (2): 78 -84

Zaruba Q, Mencl V (1961 ) Ingenieurgeologie (384 Fig, 14 T ab). Akademie-Verlag, Berli n, 606 pp Zieschang J (1965a) Die Berechnung des natiirlichen Grundwasserdargebotes fiir die Grundwasserla­

gerstilllen des Miuleren Buntsandsteins (2 Fig, l Tab). Z Angew Geol II (3): 131 - 135 Zieschang J (1965b) Probleme der Schaffung einer Grundwassererkundungsmethodik. Z Angew.

Geo l II ( 6): 286 - 288 Z marzly HR (1972) Injektionen in Fels und Lockerboden. Monierbauer. Special issue of company's

review Zmarzly HR (1974) Bohr- und Verprellarbeiten beim Talsperrenbau (5 Fig). Wasser Boden 26 (9):

257 - 261