ROCKS & SOIL

A PRESENTATION BY CHLOE THORPE

CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCKS

COLOR

TEXTURE

HARDNESS

WEIGHT

The Three types of rocks

IGNEOUS ROCKSIgneous rocks are called fire rocks and are formed either underground or above ground. Underground, they are formed when the melted rock, called magma, deep within the earth becomes trapped in small pockets. As these pockets of magma cool slowly underground, the magma becomes igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are also formed when volcanoes erupt, causing the magma to rise above the earth's surface. When magma appears above the earth, it is called lava. Igneous rocks are formed as the lava cools above ground.

EXAMPLES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

Rhyolite is a light-colored volcanic

rock. It has a high silica content which makes it

very viscous. This prevents gases from

escaping causing rhyolite eruptions to be explosive. Rhyolite has a silica (SiO2) content greater than about 68

percent by weight.

Obsidian is usually black in color though it can also be red or have a greenish tint. It is a dense

volcanic glass, usually composed of rhyolite, rich in

iron and magnesium.Obsidian is

formed when the lava cools so quickly that crystals do

not have time to grow. Obsidian fractures with very sharp edges. It was used by

Stone Age cultures for making knives, arrowheads, and other tools where sharp

edges are important.

Pumice is light and porous. It forms

during explosive eruptions. Pumice is full

of holes caused by expanding volcanic

gases. It is composed of volcanic glass and

minerals, and can form in all types of magma:

basalt, andesite, dacite, and rhyolite.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Sedimentary rock is formed by mineral and other materials sitting in water for an extremely long time. While the minerals and other materials are in the water, they will have various things put pressure on them. After being exposed to these conditions for so long, it forms into sedimentary rock.

EXAMPLES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK

SANDSTONE is sand

grains cemented together into solid stone.

SHALE is made from silt

particles cemented

together. It is similar to

siltstone but with even finer

grain size,

LIMESTONE is made primarily of

calcium carbonate or calcite. The

most common source of this calcite is the

shells of marine organisms

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Igneous rocks form from the solidification of lava or magma. If it forms intrusively, or within the earth, the rock will have large crystals. Granite is an example of such a coarse-grained igneous rock. If the rock forms extrusively, or on the earth's surface, it will have fine-grained crystals. Obsidian is an example of a fine-grained igneous rock.

EXAMPLES OF METAMORPHIC

SLATE is a fined

grained metamorphic rock.

MARBLE is a

metamorphic rock that

comes from metamorphosed limestone or dolomite.

QUARTZITE is a coarse-grained metamorphic rock derived

from sandstone.

SOIL The upper layer of earth in which plants

grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains

FIVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL

SANDY SILTY CLAY

PEATY SALINE

ARE ROCKS AND SOIL DIFFERENT

? YES!! AN EASY DEFINITION IS Rock is one object. and Soil is a mixture of rocks (rather small rocks: dirt),

water, minerals, bacteria, plant, animal, fungi matter etc.

EROSION AFFECTS ROCK AND SOIL

Erosion causes include - gravity, rain, flooding, wind, drought, deforestation, farming, flowing ice

Which effects the rock and soil by

desertification, additional sedimentation, loss of habitat, infertile soils, increased use of soil conditioners and fertilizers, water pollution

EFFECTS OF EROSION!!!!!!!

BIBLIOGRAPHY http://agverra.com/blog/soil-types/ http://answers.yahoo.com/question/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/erosion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_

types http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/rocktypes.ht

ml http://adventuresinscience.edublogs.org

/category/kids-corner/ http://growingchillies.net/growing-chillie

s-soil-tips/ http://www.soilsurvey.com.au/

services.html