s a r C e v i

ძვირფასო მკითხველო!გაცნობებთ, რომ რედაქციაში შემოსული

მასალების სიზუსტეზე პასუხს აგებს ავტორი. რაც შეეხება სარეკლამო ტექსტს,

მთელი პასუხისმგებლობა რეკლამის შემკვეთს ეკისრება.

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nino rexviaSvili

tel: 599 74 68 10

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tel: 599 53 58 94

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa

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misamarTi: Tbilisi, leseliZis q. #27, me-2 sarTuli, oTaxi #3, tel.: 790 74 68 10

el-fosta: nino153@mail.ruJurnalSi masalebis ganTavseba fasiania!

saaRdgomo epistole ................ 2

6 maisi _ wmida didmowame

giorgis aRsrulebis dRe ........ 3

andria pirvelwodebulis sa qa­

rTveloSi Semosvlis dRe ...... 3

merab kostava. isev imRerebs sa­

qarTvelo Savlegos, merab! .... 4

eka salaRaia

romeli qveynis monarqis naqon

xmalSi gadaixada iaraRis kole­

qcionerma Teimuraz ja laRo­

niam 20 000 dolari .................... 10

saqarTvelos JurnalistTa

SemoqmedebiT kavSirSi Jur­

nalistebi daajildoves ......... 13

givi sixaruliZe

ramdeni feri hqonia

siyvaruls ..................................14

eTer kakulias ..........................14

sasaflaodan sasaflaomde ...15

vladimer gorozia

kulturis ganviTareba

CxorowyuSi ................................... 16

qarTul­afxazuri

urTierTobis msxverpli ...... 20

nino rexviaSvili

ras wers germanuli presa qa r­

Tuli saswaulis Sesaxeb ........ 21

visi gorisa xar ............................ 22

kote WurRulia

WurRuliebis gvaris

Sesaxeb ............................................ 24

26 maisi damoukideb ­

lobis dRe ..................................... 27

9 maisi .............................................. 28

nino rexviaSvili

`arsad ise ar mRerian, rogorc

aq, am qveyanaSi~ ............................ 30

legendebi da Tqmulebebi

samegreloze ................................ 32

tradicia, romlis mixedviTac

salocavebs cocxali vardebiT

rTavdnen ....................................... 34

zugdidi sruliad

saqarTvelos amcnobs ............... 36

qalaq zugdidis meria

xalxis samsaxurSi ...................... 38

eTer eraZe

rogor moxvdnen megrelebi

napoleonis armiaSi? ................. 40

2 “სამეგრელო” № 5

qriste aRdga!qriste aRdga! – guguneben eklesiis zarebiqriste aRdga! dResaswaulobs ca da qveyanaqriste aRdga! – sixaruliT vRaRadebT Cvenc

da aramiwieri grZnobiT aRvsilni borotebis batonobis dasrulebas vzeimobT.

„sada ars, sikvdilo, sawerteli Seni?sada ars, jojoxeTo, Zlevai Seni?” (I kor. 15,55).dRes yvela bednieria, ­ mdidari Tu Raribi,

moxuci Tu axalgazrda, janmrTeli Tu sneuli... urwmuno adamianic ki sxva grZnobiTaa ganmsWvaluli.

­ ratom aris aseTi yovlismomcveli es zeimi?­ imitom, rom macxovarma aRdgomiT zecis

karibWeni gaxsna yvelasTvis da adamis mTeli modgma adamis codvis gamomsyidvels Sehxaris.

­ magram ris fasad mogveniWa es bedniereba?

„SenTvis RmerTi Seni viqmen Zed Senda; SenTvis umaRlesi zesknelTa gardamovxed queyanad da qveyaniT STavxed queSe queyanisa, raTa xrwnilebisagan aRgadgino,” ­ vkiTxulobT didi SabaTis sakiTxavSi.

Cven unda daviwyoT Cveni Tavis Secnoba da Cveni sisusteebisa da naklovanebebis gacnobiereba.

rogorc wminda mamebi aRniS naven, momakvdinebeli vnebebi Semdegia: gemo­Tmoyvareba, siZva, vercx lismo yvareba, mrisxaneba, mowyineba, uimedoba, didebismoyva­reoba da ampartavneba. sxva yvelaferi maTgan momdinareobs. ama Tu im codvam adamianSi Tu Rrmad gaidga fesvi, mas damRupveli zemoqmedeba aqvs.

amitomac, nu ifiqreb, rom Tu Sen, magaliTad, keTili xar, magram loTi, es codva mZimed ar imoqmedebs Sens momaval cxovrebaze. an, Tu gonieri xar, magram SuriT savse, es xels ar SegiSlis cxonebaSi.

„vinc Tqva ar imruSo, isic Tqva: ara kac hkla. amitom, Tu ar imruSeb, magram kacs moklav, rjulis damrRvevi xar.” (II tim. 2, 10­11). amasTan, vnebebs Soris uxilavi, mtkice mizez­Sedegobrivi kavSiria da Tu adamiani erT­erTma maTganma CaiTria, is erTi sxva vnebebsac moizidavs.

nu mivemsgavsebiT macxovris gverdiT jvarcmul im avazaks, romelmac mTeli sicocxlis manZilzec da Zelze yofnisasac ver gaigo, ra iyo sicocxlis azri, verc qriste Seicno, da kidev uaresi, ­ bolomde Seuracxyofda da dascinoda mas.

RmerTma yvela daifaros am mdgomareobisagan.rogorc aRvniSneT, qristianuli cxovreba

seriozuli problemebis daZlevas gulisxmobs. ra Tqma unda, am gzaze xSirad gvxvdeba ciliswameba, RvarZli, gaWirveba, Suri...da dgeba iseTi momentebic, roca Cvenc aRmogvxdeba: „mamao Cemo! Tu SesaZlebelia, amaride es sasmisi” (mT. 26,39), anda „RmerTo Cemo, RmerTo Cemo, raisaTvis damiteveb me” (mT. 27,46), magram yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom RmerTi imaze did jvars ar mogvcems, risi tvirTvac ar ZalgviZs. amitomac, gaWirvebis Jams masve unda mivmarToT, sulieri Rvawli ganvaZlieroT da problemebi maleve daiZleva.

gamouvali mdgomareoba ar arsebobs!xolo is, vinc sisustis, SiSis Tu sxva raime

mizezis gamo TviTmkvlelobiT amTavrebs sicocxles, rTul situacias ki ar ganerideba, aramed maradiuli tanjvis morevSi Sedis. amitomac, visac aseTi fiqrebi gauCndeba, mswrafl unda moiSoros Tavidan, moZRvarTan mivides aRsareba Tqvas, raTa sulierad ganmtkicdes da borotis marwuxebisgan Tavi daicvas.

samwuxarod, bolo dros TviTmkvlelobis faqtebi gansakuTrebiT gaxSirda gardamavali asakis axalgazrdebs Soris.

maTSi emociuri foni gaZlierebulia. amasTan, garemos Secnobisa da Ziebis procesi mimdinareobs, rasac SeiZleba araswori mimarTuleba mieces.

amitomac, Cvens gogonebsa da vaJebs am periodSi mSoblebisagan meti yuradReba sWirdebaT. marTalia, ekonomiurma gaWirvebam dedac da mamac aiZula, rom lukma­puris saSovnelad mTeli dRe saxlis gareT dahyon, magram Svilze mzrunveloba umTavresia da aq, rogorc qalis, ise mamakacis, pasuxismgebloba Tanabaria.

mozardebisaTvis yuradRebis miqceva mkacr mopyrobas ar gulisxmobs. piriqiT, es iseTi asakia, rodesac Tqven, mSoblebi, maT megobrad unda eqceT, meti siTbo aCvenoT, dainteresdeT maTi miznebiT,

cxovrebis wesiT, samegobro wriT, rom Tanamdgomad migiRon da gulaxdilni gaxdnen. es TqvenTvisac aucilebelia da maTTvisac.

TiToeul Cvengans saswaulTmoqmedebis udi­desi unari gvaqvs; Tu RmerTs miveaxlebiT da codvebisagan ganvTavisufldebiT, Cvens sulSi didi cvlilebis momswreni gavxdebiT. amisi magaliTni arian wmindanebi. isinic iseTive Cveulebrivi adamianebi iyvnen, rogoric Cven yvelani, bevr maTgans adre Cvenze aranaklebi sisusteebic SeiZleba hqonda, magram sinanuliT, aRsarebiT, ziarebiT da sulieri RvawliT zeciur sasufevels miaRwies. amitomac wers netari avgustine, wmindanTa ricxvi yofil codvilTa rigebidan mravldebao.

maS, SevimosoT sixaruli, qarTvelno, afxazno, osno, berZenno, rusno, ukrainelno, ebraelno, azerbaijanelno, somexno, asirielno, udinno, qistno, CeCenno, lekno, qurTno, iezidno da yovelno mkvidrno iveriisa da ucxoeTSi mcxovrebno Tanamemamuleno!

macxovari dRes imediT aRavsebs mTel samyaros; TiToeulma Cvenganmac viqonioT sasoeba imisa, rom: „damixsnis me ufali yoveli boroti saqmisagan da macxonebs me Tavis zeciur sasufevelSi.”

qriste aRdga!aRvdgeT da amieridan Cvenc „warvideT sikvdi­

lisagan cxovrebad, warvideT xrwnilebisagan uxrwnelebad, bnelisagan naTlad, monebisagan Tavisuflebad, raTa vixaroT orsav sofelsa Sina~. amin!

TqvenTvis mlocveliilia II

ibeWdeba SemoklebiT

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmindesis da unetaresis,

ilia II-is saaRdgomo epistole

saaRdgomo epistole

3“სამეგრელო” № 5

marTlmadidebeli eklesia 6 maiss wminda didmowame giorgis aRsrulebis dRes aRniSnavs.

wminda sakvirvelTmoqmedi da ZlevaSemo­sili giorgi qarTveli eris mfarvelad miiCneva da igi saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebiT uyvarT.

wminda giorgi mesame saukunis meore naxevarSi, kabadokiaSi, mdidar qristianul ojaxSi daibada. mogvianebiT, igi romis imperator dioklitianes mmarTvelobis dros, mxedarTmTavari gaxda.

qristianebze devnis dawyebis Semdeg igi imperators ganudga. kerpTayvanismcemelma romis imperatorma wminda giorgis qristes uaryofa mosTxova. man mravali satanjveli moiTmina, maT Soris ­ borbalze gakvra. wmindans 303 wels, 30 wlis asakSi, mokveTes Tavi. igi eklesiis istoriaSi Sevida rogorc Zleva­Semosili da uZleveli zeciuri mxedari.

wminda giorgi kabadokielis kulti mTels msoflioSia gavrcelebuli. mas aramarto marTlmadideblebi, aramed yvela mimarTulebis qristianuli aRmsareblobis morwmuneebi kaTolikebi, protestantebi,

grigorianelebi, monofizitebi scemen Tayvans. wmindanis Sesaxeb cnobebi mahmadianTa wminda wignSi, yuranSic ki moipoveba.

eklesia wminda giorgis xsenebas weliwadSi orjer, 6 maiss ­ wmidanis aRsrulebis dRes da 23 noembers ­ misi borbalze wamebis dRes aRniSnavs.

wmida didmowame giorgis meoxebiT RmerTma gaZlieros sruliad saqarTvelo!

6 maisi _ wmida didmowame giorgis aRsrulebis dRe

12 maiss, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia wminda andria pirvelwodebulis xsenebis dRes aRniSnavs. wmida andrias ufalma ieso qristem pirvels mouwoda, amitomac ewoda pirvelwodebuli. macxovris pirveli mociquli, petre mociqulis Zma, saqarTveloSi uflis mcnebebis saqadageblad uSualod yovladwminda RvTismSoblis davalebiT gamoemarTa.

saqarTveloSi wamosvlamde mas dedaRvTisam mouwoda da amcno, rom mis wilxvedr qveyanaSi wm. andrias unda eqadaga.

uflis mociquli pirvelad qarTlis teritoriaze, did aWaraSi Semovida. mas Tan hqonda yovladwminda RvTismSoblis mier boZebuli xelTuqmneli RvTismSoblis xati.

wm. mociquli andria saberZneTis qalaq petraSi jvarze dakidebuli aResrula. mis xsenebas saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia orjer aRniSnavs: 12 maissa da 13 dekembers.

andria pirvelwodebulis saqarTveloSi Semosvlis dRe

religia

4 “სამეგრელო” № 5

saqarTvelos TavisuflebisaTvis meb rZoli, erovnuli moZraobis lideri, erovnuli gmiri merab kostava daibada 1939 wlis 26 maiss q. TbilisSi olRa demuriasa da ivane kostavas ojaxSi. misi mSoblebi ivane da olRa, ganaTlebuli, kulturuli adamianebi iyvnen. babua ki, vladimer demuria, cnobili sazogado moRvawe. merab kostavas pirovnebis CamoyalibebaSi babuasa da mSoblebTan erTad didi roli biZam, cnobilma msaxiobma da yofilma politpatimarma grigol kostavam (medea jafariZis pirveli meuRle) iTamaSa, romelic politikuri aqtiurobisTvis cimbirSi gadaasaxles. misi Tavisuflebismoyvare ideebi bavSvobidan ayalibebda merabs arsebuli reJimis winaaRmdeg mebrZol gmirad.

1946 wels merabi SehyavT Tbilisis vaJTa pirvel skolaSi. gamoirCeoda niWiTa da sibejiTiT. megobarTa wreSi didi siyvaruliT

sargeblobda. mudam SemarTuli iyo maT daxmarebasa da TanadgomaSi.

merabs kargi musikaluri monacemebi aRmoaCnda da me­9 klasidan swavlas agrZelebs z. faliaSvilis saxelobis musikalur saswavlebelSi. mas SeeZlo cnobili xelovani gamxdariyo: kargad ukravda, mReroda, werda leqsebs, magram bavSvobidan misi misia TavisuflebisaTvis brZola iyo. megobrebis da maTi Tanamoazreebis zneobrivad Camoyalibebaze didi gavlena iqonia qarTvelma klasikosma konstantine gamsaxurdiam.

jer kidev skolis merxidan iwyeba merab kostavas politikuri moRvaweoba. skolaSi gaicno da daumegobrda zviad gamsaxurdias. igi zviad gamsaxurdiasTan da ramdenime TanatolTan erTad aarsebs damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZol pirvel patriotul aralegalur organizacias “gorgasliani”.

1956 wlis dekembris susxian dReebSi TbilisSi, rusTavelisa da plexanovis gamzirebze, im droisTvis gamaognebeli Sinaarsis proklamaciebi gaCnda: “Zirs pirsisxliani komunistebi, gaumarjos damoukidebel saqarTvelos!”. antisabWoTa proklamaciebis gakvra­gavrcelebis gamo saidumlo organizacia “gorgaslianis” wevrebi daiWires. ase moxvdnen skolis merxidan sapyrobileSi imdroindeli Tbilisis elituri ojaxebis Svilebi: zviad gamsaxurdia, merab kostava, vova sixaruliZe, Temur cercvaZe, Tamaz gunjua, guram sxirtlaZe, anatoli miqaZe, guram doCanaSvili… merab kostava maSin meaTe klasis moswavle iyo. eqvsi Tvis Semdeg, rogorc arasrulwlovani, pirobiTi

merab kostavaisev imRerebs

saqarTvelo

Savlegos, merab!

Savlego

5“სამეგრელო” № 5

sasjeliT gaaTavisufles.1958 wels merab kostava amTavrebs aTwleds

da warmatebiT abarebs misaReb gamocdebs Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoriaSi. konservatoriaSi swavlisas, profesori lado donaZe, romelic merabis sadiplomo namuSevris – “baironi dasavlurevropul simfoniur musikaSi” xelmZRvaneli iyo, ambobda: “arc merab kostavamde da arc mas Semdeg konservatoriaSi diplomi ase aravis daucavso!” konservatoriis dasrulebis Semdeg sxvadasxva wlebSi muSaobs musikis maswavleblad rusTavisa da Tbilisis II samusiko saswavlebelSi.

1967 wlidan iwyebs muSaobas redaqtorad Jurnal “qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi”. aqveynebs mTel rig werilebs qarTuli musikisa da Teatris ganviTarebis sakiTxebze.

1972 wels merab kostava zviad gamsaxurdiasTan erTad ayalibebs saqar TveloSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sainiciativo jgufs. represiebi mis winaaRmdeg ar wydeboda. suk­i gamudmebiT uTvalTvalebda. mis saxlTan yovelTvis morigeobda uSiSroebis manqana. merabic umal cnobda maT. xSirad uTqvams: „mTeli dRe aq dganan, moSivdebodaTo” da saWmeli gaugzavnia moTvalTvaleebisaTvis.

1977 wlis 7 aprils merab kostava zviad gamsaxurdiasTan erTad daapatimres. merab kostavas 3 wliT patimroba miusajes. sababi antisabWoTa agitacia da propaganda, Jurnal „oqros sawmisis” gamocema iyo. “Cvevad gvqonda, me da merabi diliT ezoSi CamovsxdebodiT xolme. erT dResac gamovedi da merabi ar damxvda. misi aivnisken gavixede da SevniSne, viRac idga fardis ukan. misi naTqvami gamaxsenda, damiWereno. ezos WiSkars gavxede – ori saeWvo ucnobi idga. mivxvdi, merabis saxlSi ka­ge­be iyo Sesuli” – ixsenebs merabis dapatimrebis SemTxvevas misi megobari.

1980 wels gadasaxlebul iqna irkutskis olqSi, taiSetis raionis daba kvitokSi. dedam da misma megobarma moaxerxes merabis monaxuleba. “Cven ezoSi videqiT. ise aRelda, ukan gabrunda, axlos mosvla ver SeZlo. mxolod ramdenime wuTis Semdeg gamovida da gadagvexvia… avtirdi. merabi ki mtkice kaci iyo, mis Tvalze cremli arasdros daminaxavs. erTi kvira davrCiT kvitokSi, merabma Tavisi moyvanili boloki da wiwmati moitana sufraze da SemogvCivla, aq patara bostani gavakeTe, iq, CvenTan, boloki konad modis, aq ki saTiTaod ikeTebs Tavso. gagvecina, ar icoda, rom CvenTanac saTiTaod modioda boloki da ubralod Sekonili iyideboda” – ixsenebs zurab SauTiZe.

gaTavisuflebamde ramdenime Tve hqonda darCenili, roca provokacia mouwyves, 5 weli daumates, rogorc “xuligans“ da cimbirSi q. angarskSi gaamweses. merab kostava Seurigeblad icavda ara marto Tavis, aramed yvela patimris Rirsebas da is zedmeti xuTi weli swored am Seurigeblobis sazRauri gaxda. ucnauria, magram suk–Sic da cixeSic did pativs scemdnen. misi mimtevebeli da kacTmoyvare buneba erTnairad aRafrTovanebda milicielsac da patimarsac.

cixeebsa da sakoncentracio banakebSi

yofnis periods merabi ase ixsenebs: “permis sakoncentracio banakSi yofnisas karcerSi Camagdes, trusebis amara, 40­gradusian yinvaSi. rkinis gisosebi mWidrod mqonda SemoWerili. mxolod simaRleSi iyo darCenili 10­15 santimetri da mTeli Rame xtunvaSi gavatareo. roca meore diliT, zedamxedvelebi Cems `gasatanad” movidnen, gaognebuli darCnen, roca davuZaxe: `privet, bratci!”

1978 wlis zafxulSi merab kostava amerikis kongresis mier wardgenil iqna nobelis premiaze. im periodSi merabis Sesaxeb farTo sazogadoebam TiTqmis araferi icoda; masze informacia ZiriTadad disidentur wreebSi da mis samegobroSi hqondaT. cimbirSi yofnis dros, 1985 wels, TbilisSi merabis erTaderTma vaJma – 25 wlis irakli kostavam tragikulad daasrula sicocxle.

politikuri zewolis Sedegad, xelisufleba iZulebulia, gaaTavisuflos merab kostava. 1987 wlis 30 aprils igi 10–wliani patimrobidan samSobloSi brundeba. gadasaxlebidan dabrunebis Semdeg, mas araerTi “Tbili” Tanamdeboba SesTavazes, magram merabma musikis maswavlebloba arCia, aswavlida barnovis quCaze, musikalur SvidwledSi.

cicino maRlaferiZe: `axali Camosuli iyo, roca CemTan saxlSi moviwvie. imJamad

Savlego

6 “სამეგრელო” № 5

transkavkasiuri rkinigzis gayvanasTan dakavSirebiT didi ambebi iyo atexili. sufraze Cemma megobarma merabs hkiTxa – “batono merab, mgonia, Tqven fiqrobT, rom es rkinigza ar unda gavideso“. im wuTSi rkinigzis problema Zalian patarad eCvena da erTob ucnauri pasuxi gasca – “ra Tqma unda, ar unda gavides, magram gava Tu ar gava transkavkasiuri rkinigza, saqarTvelo mainc iqneba damoukidebeli qveyana! Cven ise unda vimuSaoT, rom xalxi SevamzadoT damoukideblobisTvis, saqarTvelos damoukidebloba gardauvalia!” amis gagonebis Semdeg Cemi megobari Secba, radgan im wuTSi damoukideblobaze laparaki ar yofila. merabs saqarTvelos momavalze bevri hqonda nafiqri; im wuTSi ar Tqva, magram man icoda rogor da ra gziT unda gaekeTebina es yvelaferi. amis Sesaxeb CemTvis araerTxel uTqvams; rasac ambobda, Zalian momwonda, magram ganxorcieleba utopiurad mimaCnda. mogvianebiT cxadi gaxda, rom merabi marTali iyo, mas es yvelaferi gaazrebuli hqonda“.

merab kostavas saqarTveloSi dabrunebas erovnul–ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis azvirTeba mohyva da qveynis damoukidebloba Seuqcevadi gaxda.

1987 wlis 26 maiss, javaxiSvilis N 1–Si (amJa mad zandukelis quCa), merabis ezoSi, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dRe aRniSnes.

cicino maRlaferiZe: `30–mde axal gazrda Seikriba. mcirericxovani, magram pirveli mitingi Catarda. CvenTvis es maSin siaxle iyo. merabma sityviT gamosvlisas am dRis mniSvneloba axsna da dakarguli damoukideblobis dabrunebisTvis brZolaze isaubra. Semdeg Tavisi saxlis saxuravze samferovani droSa aitana da dakida. daaxloebiT saaTnaxevarSi milicielebi mo vidnen da merabs droSis CamoReba mosTxoves. ra Tqma unda, uari miiRes. mere droSa Tavad milicielebma CamoiRes, razec merabma aseTi ram uTxra – `cota xanSi mTel saqarTveloSi, yvela saxlis saxuravze es droSa iqneba aRmarTulio“.

merab kostava zviad gamsaxurdiasTan erTad 1987­1990 wlebSi gamarTul TiTqmis yvela saprotesto aqciis, gaficvis, SimSilobis, mitingisa da demonstraciis organizatoria. zviadi da merabi ganuyreli megobrebi iyvnen. erTxel dedamisisTvis uTqvams – „dedi, ar gewyinos,

magram jer ufali miyvars, mere zviadi, mere ki Seno”. zviads rom dainaxavda, Turme aRaravin axsovda. masTan erTad xelmZRvanelobda mitingebs 1988 wlis noembris dReebsa Tu 1989 wlis aprilSi. 9 aprilis Rames uSiSrad idga sakuTari xalxis gverdiT. xalxma mas siyvaruliT „Savlego” Searqva da Salva axalcixeliviT maradisobas aziara.

1989 wlis 9 aprils m. kostavas kvlav apatimreben mitingis organizebisaTvis. 40 dRis Semdeg gaaTavisufles. 9–Si datrialebuli tragediis gamo danaRvlianebuli da imavdroulad gakvirvebuli iyo, xalxi ver icno – “ase mokle droSi, aseTi metamorfoza, Zalian iSviaTad xalxma ganicadoso“.

9 aprilis tragediis Semdeg, saqarTvelom mkveTrad aiRo gezi damoukidebeli saxelmwifos Seqmnisken. rodesac merabs ekiTxebodnen, Tu ra Tanamdebobas daikavebda damoukidebeli saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi, is pasuxobda: `me sofelSi waval, Toxsa da bars aviReb da miwaze vimuSavebo”.

erovnuli moZraobis azvirTebis wlebSi (1988–1989) merab kostavas daxmarebisTvis uamravi adamiani akiTxavda, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan.

cicino maRlaferiZe: `yvela Tavis gaWirvebaze Cioda. Tavidan ramdenimes daexmara, sadRac gahyva, problema mougvara. es ambavi uceb gavrcelda da merabis saxls gaWirvebuli adamianebis didi talRa moawyda. maSin Tqva – “ras vxedav amas! xalxi Zalian cud mdgomareobaSia. merCivna cixeSi vmjdariyavi, vidre is menaxa, rasac axla vxedavo“. Zalian awuxebda is, rom adamianebi TavianT wvrilman problemaze Sors ar ixedebodnen. anu ar fiqrobdnen imaze, ra iyo am yvelafris mizezi. miuxedavad amisa, Tavisi SesaZleblobis farglebSi yvelas exmareboda, dRe–Ramis nebismier dros akiTxavdnen saxlSi”.

erTma qalbatonma merabs dakarguli Zroxis povnaSi daxmarebas sTxova – ”Zroxa damekarga, SeiZleba Cemma mezobelma waiyvana da gTxov mapovnineo”. merabi am qalbatonis problemas gulgrili ar dautovebia. dakarguli Zroxis Sesaxeb fiqrobda: ”axla am adamianisTvis Zroxa aris mTavario”.

merab kostava sazogadoebis gamTliane bisTvis ibrZoda. 1989 wlis zafxulSi erTi

Savlego

7“სამეგრელო” № 5

satelevizio paeqrobisas merab kostavam ganacxada: Tu erTmaneTTan ver gamovnaxavT salaparako enas dRes, SesaZloa dadges dro ganuWvreteli sibnelisa, sadac Cven erTmaneTs dabrmavebuli veZebdaT da veRar vpovebdeTo.

RaliZgis xidTan erT mxares Tbilisidan daZruli qarTvelebi idgnen, meore mxares – ki rusis jari. yvela iseT gulze iyo, rom ZaliT Sevardniliyvnen. es iyo ruseTis provokacia, romelsac qarTvelebi wamoegebodnen. merab kostava Caudga win momitingeebs da yvelas sTxova, rom ukan gabrunebuliyvnen. qarTvelebis mxridan viRacam gaisrola. bedad droze aukres xeli iaraRze. ar wamovegeT provokaciaze da rusebis gegmebi CaifuSa im dros. swored 1 kviris Tavze mokles Semdeg kostava.

sikdilamde 1 dRiT adre merab kostavas iniciativiT iqmneba saqarTvelos saadgi­lmamulo, mosaxleobis gansaxlebisa da daxmarebis fondi, romelic iTvaliswinebda imave miznebis aRsrulebas, rac Tavs ido me­19 saukunis II naxevarSi didi ilias mier daarsebulma saTavadaznauro bankma.

1989 wlis 13 oqtombers quTaisidan

Tbiliss momavali merab kostava sofel boriTTan (xaragaulis raioni) tragikulad daiRupa. im dRes Tbilisis quCebma lamis mTeli saqarTvelo daitia – yvelam gulwrfelad daitira sicocxleSive legendadqceuli mamuliSvili. sionis sakaTedro taZridan gamoasvenes da mTawmindaze mweralTa da sazogado moRvaweTa panTeonSi dakrZales. iqve ganisvenebs misi sulieri Zma zviad gamsaxurdia.

merab kostava iSviaTi musikaluri monacemebis mqone, niWieri musikaTmcodne, Teatraluri kritikosi, poeti, filosofosi, mTargmneli da pedagogi iyo. merab kostavas kalams ekuTvnis nawarmoebebi: `fiqrebi saqarTvelos misiaze”; `fiqrebi qarTul kulturaze” da a.S. literaturuli moRvaweobisaTvis mieniWa daviT aRmaSeneblis da mweralTa kavSiris premiebi.

1993 wlis seqtemberSi q. zugdidSi saqarTvelos respublikis uzenaesi sabWos mesame mowvevis meore sesiam merab kostavas erovnuli gmiris wodeba mianiWa.

erTxel megobarma damireka, kostava gamovida da sadilze giwvevo...

ra Tqma unda, siamovnebiT davTanxmdi.

merabs kargad vicnobdi, magram sufrasTan ra mogaxsenoT, _ arasodes vyofilvarT erTad.

RrmaReleSi mivedi, sufras qalaqSi cnobili momRerali biWebi usxdnen, sufris wevrTa Soris, erTi maTgani gaxldaT anzori, natanji kaci, romlis samyaro ucxo da Soreuli iyo CemTvis, merabisTvisac, magram Tovlisa da yinulis koloniaSi ratomRac mainc erTad `isxdnen~...

hyveboda anzori: _ me mas ar vicnobdi, magram

pativs vcemdi mis marTa lkacobas da vaJkacobas,

igi Cems sanaxavad movida saavadmyofoSi.

derefnidan gavxede, rogor mohyavda meores

gamxdari, carieli Zvali da tyavi, sanTeliviT

yviTeli da mTlad mimqrali kaci. am dros,

saidanRac derefanSi koloniis ufrosi gamoCnda,

merabma gverdiT myofs qarTulad gadaulaparaka:

biWo, xeli gamiSvi, magas nirwamxdari

vegonebi da gaixarebso...uceb, welSi gasworda, gaimarTa,

beWebi Searxia da aznauruli nabijiT nel­nela, dinjad gamoemarTa Cemsken... CemTvis gavifiqre, ara, Zmao, saqarTvelos damCoqebeli qveynad mteri araa­meTqi...

amis gagonebaze merabs lamazad Caecina...

amasobaSi Rvinoc moekida, brdRvinavda da sadRegrZeloSi wamdauwum imeorebda _ `marra~, `marra~, ese igi, kargia puSkini, marra, iliam sTqva:

`dedao RvTisav, es qveyana Seni xvedria... Sens meoxebas nu moakleb am tanjul xalxsa, saRmrTod miiRe sisxli, romel am xalxs uRvria,Cagrul sasoo, nu arideb mowyale Tvalsa~!

`ese igi~, `marra~, imeorebda am or sityvas

mZvinvared, gamomwvevad, mravalmniSvnelovnad,

daZabulad.

me pirvelad vxedavdi am sufTa da marTal kacs

RviniT da siyvaruliT gaTamamebuls...

marTali kaci

Savlego

8 “სამეგრელო” № 5

merab kostava sul sxva kaci iyo, saqar­TvelosaTvis Sewiruli siamaye, fexze mosiarule Tavisufleba, xolo misi sicocxle iyo mzadeba, maradiuli mzadeba rainduli sikvdilisaTvis.

axlac yurs mixednian moridebiT da sevdiT naTqvami misi sityvebi: `Cven es ar gvindoda~, `didad vwuxvarT~, Tan zviad gamsaxurdias imowmebda... es sityvebi iTqva im tragikuli 9 aprilis Semdeg, orTaWalis cixis ufrosis oTaxSi.

merab kostava sul sxva kaci iyo, `savse qarTuli patiosnebiT~.

merab kostava iyo mteri mtrisa da iyo mteri monisa da TvalTmaqcisa...

merab kostavas uyvarda saqarTvelo uerTgulesi siyvaruliT...

ar arsebobs fena sazogadoebisa, daunomravi adamianebis gareSe, vin pirvelia, vin meore, vin mesame da aris cremlisa da sisxlis Rvra nomrebisaTvis...

merab kostava iyo kaci daunomravi, daunomravi iqac, im jojoxeTSic da aqac, saqarTvelos momavali samoTxisaTvis erovnuli brZolis gzaze...

Zmao merab, marTali da sufTa kaci iyavi da mec vcdilobdi marTlad da sufTad meRiarebina Seni rainduli sicocxle!

jansuR Carkviani

`SavCoxiani Seisvenebs mgzavrobis Sua wamoiZinebs, amis dro Tua, gzas gaudgeba lega cxenze amxedrebuli, ar SeaSinebs dabrkoleba gzad xvedrebuli~...

... ar gaSinebdaT araviTari dabrkoleba

SavCoxian mxedars, arc waZinebis, arc wuTieri

garindebis saSualeba gqoniaT arodes.

... ar gifiqriaT karieraze, ar gitacebdaT

ama soflis pativsa da didebaze fiqri, maSinac

ki, rodesac Tqveni Tanatolebi sxvadasxva

maqinaciebiT Tanamdebobriv kibeebze adiodnen.

`daTmobisa~ da `uZraobis~ periodSi erT­

erTma pirvelma amoiReT xma da xmamaRla TqviT:

viRupebiT! samwuxarod, umravlesobisTvis

Tqve ni da Tqveni megobrebis naTqvami darCa `xma

mRaRadeblisad~, radgan `simarTle sisuleled

iTvleba axlac~.

... ar dagafases... ver mogiares, ufro swored

ar indomes... erTeulTa rigSi aRmoCndiT,

umravlesoba ki ... imperiis laqiis mundiriT fons

gadioda... gadioda... gadioda da Tan mihqonda,

nadgurdeboda ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba...

cdilobdnen Tqveni da Tqveni dasis saxelis

SebRalvas. umecrebma `disidenti~ giwodes...

maTTvis xom es sityva damamcirebeli iyo...

sinamdvileSi ki... inerciuli azrovnebisaTvis

SeuTavsebeli aRmoCnda axali da normaluri

msjeloba. zogierTebisaTvis `nacionalistic~

iyaviT, zogisTvis patrioti da meamboxe.

mowmendil caze mexis gavardnas udrida Tqvens

mier jiutad da xmamaRla naTqvami, aTasgvar

dakiTxvebze aTasjer ganmeorebuli `gaumarjos

damoukidebel saqarTvelos~, ...rwmeniT

cxovrobdiT. gjerodaT saqarTvelos momavlisa

da, xSirad imeorebdiT: `da kvlav vnaxav

mkvdreTiT aRmdgar gamarjvebul saqarTvelos~.

gamarjvebuli saqarTvelo TqvenTvis

(zogierTebisagan gansxvavebiT) damoukidebeli,

suverenuli saxelmwifo iyo. ase ambobdiT

ukanasknel interviuSi gazeT `literaturul

saqarTveloSi~ rom gamoqveynda.

... albaT, aris bunebaSi raRac kanonzomiere­

bani, damTxvevebi, romelic albaT, arc Tu ise

SemTxveviTia. 26 maisi TqvenTvis sakraluri

ricxvi iyo, 1989 wlis gansakuTrebiT, saqarTvelo

or zeims erTad dResaswaulobda:

`sikvdilo, kargis mokvlisTvis netav vin getyvis qebasa~

Savlego

9“სამეგრელო” № 5

26 _ maisi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis

dRe.

26 _ maisi naxevarsaukunovani merab kostavas

dRe.

dResaswaulebi ki naklebad gqonia cxov­

rebaSi... gamwarebuli mama... tanjuli meuRle

da moqalaqe... TiTqos Tqveni cxovreba dainaxa

Tqvenma Svilma _ iraklim, rodesac Tqva:

`me cocxlad movkvdi, ar damWirda tyvia, arc dana, Cemi brma nebiT gavaZeve bedniereba~.

... gixarodaT erovnuli sulis aRzeveba,

maSinve iq gaCndebodiT, sadac ers sWirdebodiT...

qvemo qarTlSi Tu afxazeTSi, samaCablosa Tu

zugdidSi, Semovlili gqondaT mTeli saqarTvelo

da Tu biurokrat CinovnikTa gulebi TqvenTvis

daxSuli iyo da mxolod zrdilobiT Tu SiSiT

giRimodnen, samagierod, aTeulobiT aTasebi

keTili guliT da naTeli TvalebiT gxvdeboda.

bolo dros 9 da 15 ricxvs ver itandi,

gasagebicaa. 13 ricxvic sabediswero yofila...

sofel boriTTan moxda avtokatastrofa...

tragedia... verasgziT Seikra saqarTvelos iaram

piri...

... iveriis RvTismSoblis xatis CamobrZanebas

sixaruliT SeegebeT, maSin TqviT: `RvTis nebas

vxedav imaSic, rom iverTa mTis saswaulmoqmedi

xati Camoasvenes swored maSin, roca es Cven

yvelaze metad gvWirdeba~.

saqarTvelos imJamad swored merab kostava

sWirdeboda, azrisa da simarTlisaTvis mebrZo­

li mxedari. gviWirs RvTis neba davinaxoT amaSi.

`sikvdilo, kargis mokvlisTvis, netav vin

getyvis qebasa?!~

zurab galdava

martvili

ra ucabedad Caqriaborgebuli feTqva,ver movaswariT, kaco,SenTvis madloba gveTqva,aRar cimcimebs Suqi,Seni Rimilis, Tbilis,zari daeci mamuls,zari daeci Tbiliss...mogisaklisebs mudameri, mosuli gonze,rogor qaTqaTeb, merab,Seni Savi dRis fonze!..Sen ar Segferis, vici,sentimentebi Warbi,SegeWmuxneba risxviT,Camofxatuli warbi.ase eneba, albaTgamgebels cis da miwis,Jami mosvlis da wasvlisman ukeTesad icis!winapari xar ukve,suleTis laSqars Sveni,moenatreba mitingsRelva-qadagi Seni.ube gaixsen, wamiT,Svili Caikar, cao,gza mSvidobisa, merab...gza mSvidobisa, Zmao...

ruslan miqaberiZe

Zmao merab!26 maiss am qveynad,albaT, sxvac gaCnda bevri,Sen sxva dalocva gekuTvnis,magisic mova jeri,roca samSoblos Cvensas,sxva exureba Weri,TeTri giorgis mlocvelo,xar meomari beri,dadixar, dagaqvs sindisi,Seni Tma-wveris feri.

gza mSvidobisa, Zmao...

Savlego

10 “სამეგრელო” № 5

koleqcioneri

is Tbilisis uZveles da ulamazes ubanSi

- abanoTubanSi cxovrobs, iq, sadac yvela-

feri Zveli, lamazi, Wreli, mravalfero-

vani da ganumeorebelia. ganumeorebelia

am ubneli Coxosanisa da ostatis Teimuraz

jalaRonias iaraRis koleqciac, romelSic

gaerTianebulia rogorc Zveli, aseve

Tavad batoni Teimurazis naxelavi xmlebi,

dambaCebi da Tofebi. uxucesi ostati

da saintereso koleqcioneri dRes Cveni

respondentia.

Teimuraz jalaRonia: iaraRi bavSvo­

bidan miyvarda. patriotuli suliskveTebiT

ga vizarde. arasdros ar mbezrdeboda mefe

erekles, giorgi saakaZisa da daviT aRmaSene­

blis istoriebisa da sagmiro Tavgadasvlebis

kiTxva. meomruli Jini yovelTvis mqonda. Cven

jalaRoniebi varT gvarad. mamaCemi miyveboda

xolme bavSvobaSi, rom Cveni gvari ori sityvis

kavSiris Sedegad warmoiSva, romlebiTac Cveni

Soreuli winaprebi xasiaTdebodneno. es iyo

Zala da Rone. adre ZalaRoniebi vyofilvarT,

droTa ganmavlobaSi „Z“ Seicvala da gaxda „j“.

es ambavi rac Sevityve, mas Semdeg SevamCnie, rom

bevr Tanatolze Zlieri viyavi da sxvebze did

da mZime qvebsac veweodi. omobanas vTamaSobdiT

xolme nariyalas mTebze bavSvebi da ukve im

droidan miyvarda iaraRi.

– iaraRis Segroveba rodis daiwyeT?

– 10­12 wlidan aqtiurad daviwye saomari

Janris filmebis yureba da nel­nela iaraRis

Segrovebasac mivyavi xeli, magram Cven maSin

didi fuli ar gvqonda maT SesaZenad. mamaCemi

funikulioris direqtori iyo. Zalian

romeli qveynis monarqis naqon xmalSi gadaixada iaraRis

koleqcionerma Teimuraz jalaRoniam 20 000 dolari

11“სამეგრელო” № 5

koleqcioneripatiosani kaci gaxldaT. is saxlidan gasvlame

dedaCems fuls utovebda, ojaxisTvis. kargad

maxsovs, deda am Tanxas magidis gadasafareblis

qveS inaxavda. me Cumad xan or, xan sam maneTs

vaklebdi xolme im fuls da calke vagrovebdi,

rom Semdeg am TanxiT iaraRi SemeZina (icinis).

– Tqven TviTon rodis daiwyeT aseTi

saucxoo xmlebisa da dambaCebis damzadeba?

– daaxloebiT im periodidan, rodesac

pirveli nimuSi gaCnda Cems koleqciaSi.

bavSvobidan miyvarda Cxirkedelaoba. xeloba

nel­nela Seviswavle. ase momiwia, radgan

imdeni Tanxa ar mqonda, rom dauzianebeli

iaraRi meyida. zogs Caxmaxi hqonda

gafuWebuli, an raRac detali motexili da

imaT SekeTebaSi TandaTan xeli gaviwafe.

Semdeg ukve mec SevZeli damoukideblad

damzadeba. es saaxloblo wreSi SeamCnies da

nel­nela gamivarda ostatis saxeli. axla

ukve yvela micnobs rogorc iaraRis ostats

da sarestavraciod mommarTaven TurqeTidan,

daRestnidan, ruseTidan, amerikidan....

– profesiiT vin brZandebiT?

– (icinis) didi xnis win konservatoriaSi

vswavlobdi. lamara gogriCiZem mimiyvana baTu

kraveiSvilTan. mas manamde Soridan vicnobdi,

rogorc operis xSiri stumari. is iyo

aristokrati, warmosadegi mamakaci. momismina

batonma baTum da Tqva: Zalian magari „metalia“,

kargi masalaa da amisgan kargi momRerali

dadgebao. magram, kraveiSvilis imedebi ver

gavamarTle.

– dReisaTvis ramdeni nimuSia Tavmoyrili

am koleqciaSi?

– Cemi naxelavis raodenoba albaT ramdenime

aTasi iqneba, magram maTi umravlesoba

gafantulia msoflios bevr qveyanaSi. maTgan

mxolod 40 iaraRi maqvs Senaxuli, isini,

romlebic gansakuTrebiT momwons. samwuxarod,

am xelobiT varsebob dResdReobiT. dReisaTvis

am koleqciaSi Tavmoyrilia ocdaaTamde

Zveli iaraRi, romelTagan zogi daRestneli

xelosnebis mier aris damzadebuli. iq

sofelia, kubaCi, sadac iaraRis ostatebi

saxloben. Zalian saxelovani sofelia am mxriv,

mas icnoben amerikaSi, inglisSi... maqvs agreTve

CeCnebis, amuzginebis (amuzginebi, rogorc eri,

TiTqmis daikarga), yabardoelbis, Cerqezebis,

qarTvelebis, somxebis iaraRi.

qarTveli ostatebidan ganTqmulni iyvnen:

TbilisSi – Zmebi jiqiebi, lekebidan yvela

icnobda nabiasa da maqsudas. isini ufro

naxevrad Zvirfas liTonebze muSaobdnen.

yvelaze ganTqmul ostatad yvela filo

ZaZamiZes aRiarebda.

– albaT, bevri cnobili pirovnebis iaraRia

am koleqciaSi...

– Tu xanjlis pirs damRa ar aqvs, SeiZleba, ver

amoicno, visi naxelavia, imas ki uTuod ityvi,

romeli eris warmomadgenlis damzadebulia.

– marTla gaqvT nikoloz meorisa da

aleqsandre mesamis naqoni xmlebi?

– me isini SeviZine da misi wina mflobelisgan

gadmocemiT vici, rom odesRac am xmlebiT

aleqsandre mesame da nikoloz meore

sargeblobdnen. Tumca, amas ver davamtkiceb

– nikoloz meoresac da sxva monarqebsac

erTi xmali xom ar hqondaT! am xmals ar

aweria „nikoloz meore“, Tumca, gverdiT

gerbia gamosaxuli, magram, oficrebisa da

jariskacebis xmlebsac amSvenebda igive

warwera. Tumca, erTi SexedviTac daaskvni,

rom oficeri da jariskaci aseT Zvirfas

iaraRs ver atarebdnen. amis saSualebac rom

hqonodaT, uflebas mainc ar miscemdnen. aqedan

gamomdinare mjera, rom es iaraRi marTlac

nikoloz meoris naqonia, Tumca, visi naxelavia,

ar aris cnobili.

im periodidan moyolebuli, axlac aris

moskovTan axlos zlatoustis qarxana,

romelic uSvebs iaraRs, Tumca amJamad

ufro sasuveniro iaraRis gamoSvebiT aris

dakavebuli. axla sabrZolo iaraRs tulis

samxedro qarxana uSvebs.

– albaT, Zalian Zviria es xmali...

– nikoloz meoris xmali 20 aTasi dolari

Rirs, es aleskenderis xmali ki – 15 aTasi.

– rogor unda gavarCioT romeli qveynis

ostatis naxelavia esa Tu is xmali?

– xanjlis sadaurobis garCeva misi

RarebiTac SesaZlebelia. Tu Rari Zalian

Rrmaa da iribi, is lekebis damzadebulia.

qarTul xmals ar aqvs Rrma Rari. muslimanur

xmals naxevarmTvaris forma aqvs. cnobilia

daRestnuri damRa, romelsac hqvia –

„aRsahkal“, rac „TeTrwverosans“ niSnavs.

12 “სამეგრელო” № 5

– ra masalebiT muSaobT ZiriTadad?

– ZiriTadad vmuSaob oqros zarniSze. es

aris xeloba, rodesac rkinaSi kveTav oqros

an vercxlis mavTuls. oqros sinji unda

iyos 999,9­procentiani. vercxlisac, aseve,

saukeTeso sinjis. agreTve, vmuSaob minanqarze,

spilosa da mamontis Zvlebze.

Cemi ori naxelavi – oqroSi damzadebuli

dambaCebi – arabeTis emiratebSi waiRes

SeixebTan da TiToeulSi 3 500 dolari

gadamixades.

– mamakacebis erT-erTi sayvareli Tema

iaraRia. ZiriTadad ra kiTxvebs gisvamen

xolme?

– amas winaT erT adgilas miTxres, erekle

meores 18­kilogramiani xmali hqondao.

18­kilogramian xmals xelSi daWera ar unda?!

miT umetes, brZolis dros mas ver moixmar.

xmali istoriulad yovelTvis 650 grams

iwonida. xevsurebs hqondaT yvelaze mCate

xmelebi – amiwonia da 350 grami gamosula.

maTi faric patara da msubuqia. xevsurebis

xmali romaelTa xmlebs maxsenebs Soreuli

warsulidan.

– es ra ucnauri xanjalia?

– mis tarze gamoxatul mTavarangelozs

uWiravs Subi, romliTac gangmiravs eSmaks.

vfiqrob, ritualuri scenaa, Tumca axsna ar

SemiZlia. erTi welia, rac es xmali viyide – 1 600

dolari gadavixade. Tumca, misi Rirebuleba

gacilebiT metia, vinaidan – es xmali iSviaTi

egzemplaria. me ruseTSi koleqcionerebs

gavugzavne misi foto da yvelam momwera, msgavsi

jer araferi gvinaxavso. is TiTbrisganaa

damzadebuli da foladis piri aqvs.

– ras niSnavs TqvenTvis es koleqcia?

– yoveli nivTi SviliviT aris CemTvis.

TiToeuli maTgani Zalian miyvars. me rom vqmni

maT, an restavrirebas vukeTeb, Semdeg vkocni

xolme.

imaze mwydeba guli, rom adre mxolod mamidan

Svils gadaecemoda, Tu is Svili da SviliSvili

ar mihyveboda mamis gzas, xeloba ikargeboda.

amitom me axla moswavleebi aviyvane da maT

vuziareb Cems gamocdilebas, ar minda, rom

Cemi profesiuli saidumloebebi miwaSi waviRo.

Cems saqmianobas Cemi moswavleebi gaagrZeleben

da es koleqcia maTi naxelavebiT kidev ufro

mravalferovani gaxdeba.

– ramdeni moswavle gyavT?

– rva moswavle myavs, romlebic SemiZlia,

vTqva, rom ukve xelosnebi arian.

eka salaRaia

RmerTi ar iZleva did niWs didi gansacdelis gareSe. RmerTi yvelas im zomiT mogvivlens gansacdels, risi atanac SegviZlia. Sesabamisad gveZleva RvTis madlic.

naTluli rom warwymdes da jojoxeTSi moxvdes, naTliasac moekiTxeba, Tu rogor da ramdenad izruna man Tavisi naTlulis sulis gadarCenisTvis.

ziarebisTvis pirvelad misuli kaci, mRvdelma, miuxedavad misi codvebis simZimisa, aucileblad unda aziaros.

nu mogeridebaT, rom yovelTvis da yvelafers jvari gardasaxoT. jvarSia mTeli Zala.

saqarTvelo siyvarulma unda gadaarCinos. qarTvel ers micemuli aqvs siyvarulis niWi da Tu ar gamoiyena es Zala, rogorc iona winaswarmetyveli gadaylapa veSapma, ise mouva masac. Tqveni niWi rwmenaa, amravleT igi da sxvebsac es uTxariT.

mama gabrielis

gamonaTqvamebi

koleqcioneri

13“სამეგრელო” № 5

saqarTvelos saxalxo arististi, saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli Jurnalisti Tengiz uTmeliZe da akademikosi SoTa jafariZe 27 aprilis raWis dRed dawesebisa da raWis ganviTarebis fondis Seqmnis iniciativiT gamovidnen.

saqarTvelos JurnalistTa

SemoqmedebiT kavSirSi

Jurnalistebi daajildoves

saqarTvelos JurnalistTa Semoqme-

debiTi kavSiris prezidiumis gadawyve-

tilebiT, qarTuli Jurnalis tikis

ganviTarebaSi Setanili wvlilisa da

xangrZlivi, nayofieri moRvaweobisTvis

paata nacvliSvils, nugzar ruxaZes,

Saxvalad aivazovs, binaT mamedovs

saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli Jurna-

listis wodeba mieniWaT.

kidev erTi warmateba nino rexviaS vilis

SemoqmedebaSi.

axlad gamocemuli wignis `raWis

qronikis~ warmatebisa da qarTuli

Jurnalistikis nairferov nebaSi Seta nili

wvlilis, raWisa da samegrelos ZirZveli

kulturis warmoCenisaTvis, saqarTvelos

Jurnalis tTa kavSiris mier dawesebuli

pirveli premia damsaxurebul Jurnalists

nino rexviaSvils mieniWa.

RonisZieba JurnalistTa SemoqmedebiTi kavSiris ofisSi gaimarTa.

axali etapi

14 “სამეგრელო” № 5

eTer kakuliasCems sulSi ijda rogorc yayaCo puris yanaSi, me is damaklda rogorc duSaSi moTamaSes nardis TamaSSi, viT sirinozi, umRerda qalaqs, uyvarda: mxatvars, poets da dalaqs, is ar momkvdara, mxolod misi xma daaklda qalaqs. daWkna yayaCo, mokvda vardi, morCa TamaSi, Semomecalnen megobrebi TamaS-TamaSSi, iaqesaviT Cavikete sakuTar TavSi. mivcurav naviT mdumare tbaSi, arsaiT ismis bravo da taSi, siCume sufevs cariel navSi, marto var, rogorc oboli bavSvi. rogorc sanTeli is, ise Caqra, rogorc movida, iseve gaqra.

givi sixaruliZe

axali leqsi

ramdeni feri hqonia siyvarulsramdeni feri hqonia siyvarulsramdeni gazafxuli, ramdeni zafxuli,ra mkacri zamTari gadautaniamagram ar damWknara gaSlili yvavili.

ciur ferebSi daxatul siyvarulsar eSinia mZvinvare qarbuqis,atexil Walebs da wiTel yayaCosmiTxariT siyvaruls vin, an riT dauSlis.

radgan siyvaruli TviT aris qarbuqi,sigiJe, siSmage, grZnobebis TareSi,am SeSlilobam wminda savanisaramdenjer Caxeda sikvdils TvalebSi.

15“სამეგრელო” № 5

saflavebs Soris iyo dumili,qiTsis sonetebs magonebda idumaleba,albaT Sevicnob, roca iqnebasikvdil-sicocxlis saidumlo sad imaleba.

erTi saflavi iyo movlili,sisufTavisgan is laplapebda,albaT patroni hyavda Zlieri ama qveynisa.

gverdiT saflavi, gadangreul moajiridan,gamvlels Svelas evedreboda,kargad icoda, upatronod mitovebuls, Tu ra eloda, mas sasaflaos gaiZvera mepatrone ezizReboda,romlis brZanebiT mesaflavemisken nagavs ezideboda,mas xom damSleli aravin hyavdada amitomac ezideboda, ezideboda da ezideboda.

roca saflavi nagviT gaivso,mesaflavem Cumad, TavisTvis Caiqirqila,aq moajiri vis sWirdeba, risTvis ariso?uros erTi Zlier moqneviT moajiri gadaangria da saflavi sevdiT aivso.

cotac acades da roca mxsneliarsiT gamoCnda.mesaflaves erTi fraza isev wamocda- axla dro aris, upatrono micvalebuliCems sofelSi sufTa haerze gadavasvenoda mis magivrad,mdidari vinme rom Cavasveno.asec moiqcnen, cxedaris ZvlebiraRaca yuTSi gadaasvenes,mere manqaniT, Tbilisidan sadRac waiRes,miwa gaTxares da Caasvenes.

esec aseo, Tqva mesaflavem,gaburZgnul wverze moisva xeli.asea, Zmao,asec iqneba,macduri aris kacTa modgmis wuTisofeli!

givi sixaruliZe

sasaflaodan sasaflaomde

axali leqsi

saflavebs Soris iyo dumili,qiTsis sonetebs magonebda idumaleba,

16 “სამეგრელო” № 5

oqros fondi

me­20 saukunis 20­iani wlebidan daiwyo raionSi kulturis ganviTarebis swarfi aRmavloba.misma inteligenciam Rirseuli wvlili Seitana qarTuli kulturis saganZurSi.qarTvel mweralTa rigebs raionidan Seematnen saxleovani mwerlebi da poetebi: samson dadiani, aleko Sengelia, mose qarCava, platon bebia, andro siWinava, nodar jalaRonia. maT tradiciebs Rirseulad argZeleben Semdgomi Taobis warmomadgenlebi: Suko jiqia, guram axalaia, leila,eliso lemonjavebi, badri kvirkvelia, indiko jiqia, jambul bebia, mirian, soso jalaRoniebi da sxvebi.

Cxorowyus raionis sofel oCxomurSi daibada da fexi aidga msoflioSi cnobilma msaxiobma akaki xoravam,raionis mkvidria msaxiobi Temur esarTia,lesiWines saSualo skolis kursdamTavrebulia msaxiobi guram fircxalava.sasceno xelovnebis ganviTarebisTvis zrunvis gamoxatuleba iyo,jer kidev 1935 wels saqarTvelo kp [b] Cxorowyus raikomis biuros dadgenileba `Cxorowyus raionul klubSi sasceno muSaobis Sesaxeb", romelmac mizanSewonilad CaTvala dramatuli dasis Camoyalibeba da masSi Seyvanil iqnen:filipe mamforia, akaki Rurckaia,petre gulua,daTiko facacia,kako pertaia,guia

da SoTa Sengeliebi.dasis xelmZRvanelad damtkicda filipe mamforia.[SemdgomSi saqveynod cnobili mecnieri].dasma mravali dadgma ganaxorciela.1932 wels q.zugdidSi Catarebuli xalxuri TviTSemoqmedebis daTvalierebaze didi mowoneba daimsaxura dramwris mier warmodgenil speqtaklma `kako yaCaRi", romelic daTiko facaciam dadga ilia

WavWavaZis amave saxelwodebis poemis mixedviT.kakos rols asrulebda filipe mamforia, xolo zaqros roli ganasaxiera daTiko facaciam.mayurebelTa gaoceba gamoiwvia kirile qucuruas gawvrTnilma cxenma, romelmac csenarze daiWixvina.Jiurim dramatuli koleqtivi pirveli xarisxis diplomiTa da medliT daajildova. kulturis saxlis scenaze 30­ian wlebSi daidga ̀ arsena", ̀ qristine", ̀ rac ginaxavas, veRr naxav" da rigi sxva speqtaklebi.omis Semdgom wlebSi dramatulma koleqtivma

moyvaruli da Teatraluri koleqtivebis mraval resbulikur daTvalierebaSi da festivalSi miiRo monawileoba,laureatis wodeba da jildoebi daimsaxura.1987 wels Cxorowyus saraioni kulturis saxlis Teatralur koleqtivs saxalxo Teatris wodeba mieniWa, raSic mniSvnelovani damsaxureba miuZRvis kulturis saxlis yofil direqtorebs SoTa baxtaZes, guram

kulturis ganviTareba CxorowyuSi

mamanti kvirtia

17“სამეგრელო” № 5

oqros fondimalanias da mxatvar rezo wurwumias. saxalxo Teatris mier dadgmuli speqtaklebidan aRsaniSnavia s.SanSiiSvilis drama `irmis xevi", S.dadianis `gegWkori", a.wereTlis `patara kaxi", i.WavWavaZis `glaxis naambobi", v.gunias `da Zma". n.dumbaZis `TeTri bairaRebi". saxalxo Teatris mier ganxorcielebulia 27 dadgma. 1999 wlis maisSi saxa­lxo Teatris mier dadgmulma n.wuleiskeris piesam `si­satura", Teatraluri ko­le qtivebis regionalur da­Tva lierebaSi gaimarjva. da sa xelebul speqtaklSi mo­na wileobdnen moyvaruli msaxiobebi: eliso qeburia,dali goSua, bela biWiaSvili, Tea Todua, robert geTia, koba farcvania, irakli, giorgi kaWaravebi, daTo darsalia, valeri siWinavamiura beria. saxalxo Teatris sxvadasxva speqtaklebSi saintereso scenuri saxeebi Seqmnes: akaki Rurckaiam, sergo pertaiam, valeriane gobeCiam,petre guluam, Salva fircxelavam SoTa baxtaZem, kote naWyebiam, eliso siWinavam, mimoza wurwumiam, TaTuSa gaxariam, eliso lemonjavam, valer siWinavam, demur vekuam da sxvebma.

raions xalxuri musikaluri xelovnebis ganviTarebis mdidari warsuli aqvs. gundis Camoyalibebas mkvidri safuZveli Cauyara didma

enTuziastma, xabumelma mWedelma Tada goguam, romelmac momReralTa pirveli eTnografiul gundi xabumeSi Seqmna. masSi moanwileobdnen cnobili momRerlebi: daTiko facacia, Zuku afSilava, samson da kalistrate Sengeliebi,

era papava, luba wurwumia, Cito CxarCxalia da sxvebi. 1932 wlis zugdidis olimpiadaze gundis mier Sesrulebulma Zvelma megrulma simRerebma gunds da mis lotbars medali da pirveli xarisxis diplomi moupova.Tada goguas dawyebuli saqme Cxorowyus saraiono kulturis saxlSi warmatebiT ganagrZo daTiko facaciam, romelmac SeZlo srulyofili momRerali gundis Camoyalibeba, masSi gaerTianebuli iyvnen uxucesi momRerlebi: begi gabisonia, svimo axalaia, bardRa araxamia, kosta Citaia, nikoloz Jvania, aqvsenti bebia. meCongure

qalebi: zinobia axalaia, aRaTi esarTia, luba wurwumia, Cito CxarCxalia da xva. daTiko facaciam mravali xalxuri simRera aRdgina da daamuSava.gundma 1937 wlis noemberSi monawileoba miiRo respublikur olimpiadaSi da sakmaod maRali Sefaseba xcda wilad. operis Teatris scenaze ToxebiT Sesrulebulma `odoiam" msmenelTa aRtaceba gamoiwvia.gundis gamosvla kinofirzec aRibeWda da didxans uCvenebdnen ekranze.

ansambli `Cxorowyu~

Tada gogua

18 “სამეგრელო” № 5

1936 wels CxorowyuSi Seiqmna sanimuSo klubi, romlis gamged muSaob da nikoloz jomidava.klubma mtkice safuZveli Cauyara kulturis saxlis Semdgom saqmianobas.

Cxorowyus kulturis saxlis momReralTa gundi TandaTanobiT frTebs isxamda da sabolood Camoyalibda simRerisa da cekvis ansamblad. 50­60­ian wlebSi ansablSi 150­ze meti momRerali da mocekvave iyo gaerTianebuli. ansambls sxvadasxva dros xelmZRvanelobdnen: nikoloz kakaCia, orde leTanZe, vatxang miminoSvili. qoreografebi iyvnen buxuti daraxveliZe, avTandil TaTaraZe, givi odikaZe, elguja gumberiZe, murTz Caxava. ansambli ori sakavSiro da oTxi respublikuri festivalis laureatia. mas gastrolebi hqonda ungreTSi, baltiis pireTis respublikebSi, ukrainaSi, moskovSi da sxvagan. ansamblis solistebi iyvnen cnobili momRerlebi: arkadi gaxaria,gaxa gabisonia, amalia da aleqsandre miqaiebi, nunu da suliko qeburiebi,valiko ubiria, pavle bokuCava,vano kvirkvelia, kolia qarCava, nora Caligava,kolia jalaRonia, lamara Sengelia, maro wurwumia, da sxvebi. ansamblSi cekvavdnen: vakona yaliCava, ofelia axalaia, aira qeburia, Salva fircxelava, vaxtang bigvava, roland ubiria, magul qucurua, Tengiz kvaracxelia, ramaz fircxelava, valeri, zaira, mimoza siWinavebi, jemal Jvania da sxvebi.

1988 wels ansambls saxalxo ansambl `Cxorowyus" saxelwodeba mieniWa. mas xelmZRvanelobda Rirsebis ordenis kavaleri vaxtang miminoSvili. qoreografebi arian anatol okujava da anzor Tordia. ansamblSi mRerian sakavSiro da respublikuri festivalebis laureatebi: tariel jalaRonia, iuri Sengelia, Jora da Saqro sajaiebi, imer Waava, WiWko beria, Zmebi irakli da giorgi kaWaravebi. ansamblis mocekvaveebia: gogi

siWinava, daTo qvarcxava da sxvebi. didi mowonebiT sargeblobs kulturis saxlis vokalur­instrumentaluri ansambli, romelsac Zmebi irakli da giorgi kaWaravebi xelmZRvaneloben. 1991 wels firma `melodiam" moskovSi didi tiraJiT gamouSva ansambl `Cxorowyus" mier Sesrulebuli 15 qarTuli xalxuri simRera.

Cxorowyus saraiono kulturis saxlSi direqtorebad umuSaviaT­mamanti kvirtias,griSa axalaias, guia Sengelias,

kalistrate Ciqovans, SoTa jiqias sergo pertaias, mamanti yuraSils, guram malanias, rezo wurwumias,kote naWyebias, vaxtang miminoSvils, valer vekuas, SoTa baxtaZes.

sainteresoa kulturul­saganmanaTle­blo istoriuli warsulic.1921 wlamde raionis teritoriaze sasuliero pirebis mier eklesiasTan gaxsnili samkiTxveloebi arse bobda.1932 wlisTvis raionSi iyo

erTi saraiono klubi, erTi sanimuSo biblioTeka, ori qox­samkiTxvelo da 21 wiTeli kuTxe.1977 wels ki kult­saganmanaTleblo dawese­bulebaTa ricxvma 71­s miaRwia.maTgan biblioTeka 1975 wels iyo 39; 1908 wles­52; 1987 wels ki­54. biblioTekebis wignadi fondi 1975 wels iyo­190 667, xolo 1987 wels­290 140 egzemplari.

sabiblioTeko qselSi mravali damsaxurebuli da Rvawlmosili adamiani muSaobda da muSaobs, maT Soris arian: `saqarTvelos ssr sapatio biblioTekaris"

wodebis matareblebi:babilina fonia, Sura Todua, babuca vekua,nunu qeburia, luda narsia, eTer darsalia, JiJino WiTanava, nanuli gulua, naTela beraZe, nina siWinava.warCinebuli biblioTekarebi:nazibrola naWyebia,qeTino wurwumia, lamara Sengelia, mzia kvaracxelia, meri Wyonia, nani qobalia, malina rodonaia, zamira qarCava, eTer qeburia, lamara sanaia,

akaki xorava

akaki kvantaliani

oqros fondi

19“სამეგრელო” № 5

ciala vekua, manana siWinava, julieta axalaia. kulturis sferoSi xangrZlivi da nayofieri muSaobisTvis kulturis damsxurebuli muSakis sapatio wodeba miniWebuli aqvs da Rirsebis ordeniT dajildoebulia Cxorowyus raionuli arqivis gamge SoTa fircxelava. saarqivo saqmis srulyofaSi saTanado wvlili miuZRvis sistemaSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi momuSave arqivarius ariadian mosiZes.garda saraiono kulturis saxlisa,raionSi funqcionirebs 6 sasoflo kulturis saxli da 11 sasoflo klubi.kulturis saxlebi da saklubo dawesebulebebi gadaqceulni arian mosaxleobis kulturuli momsaxurebi da mxatvruli TviTSemoqmedebis ganviTarebis kerebad. mSromelTa kinomomsaxurebis samsaxurSi Cayenebuli iyo saraiono kinoTeatri, 23 adgilobrivi kinodanadgari, 2 kinoavtomoZravi. raionis kinofikaciis ganyofilebas da SemdegSi­kinoqsels xelmZRvanelobdnen WiWiko Selia, levan esarTia, makar gulua, Ruda gordulaZe.

dRemde mowonebiT sargeblobs Cxorowyus saraiono kulturis asaxlisa da kinoTeatris kinpmoyvarulTa jgufis mier 1967 wels Seqmnili samwliani kinosuraTi `ganaxlebuli Cxorowyu".

1958 wels raionSi gaixnsa samusiko skola.misi damfuZneblebi iyvnen:kulturis ganyofilebis gamge giorgi papaskiri da skolis direqtori akaki kvantaliani.sxvadasxva dros samusiko skolis direqtorebad muSaobdnen:nana turZelaZe, naira farRalava, rusudan gaxaria, nodar CinClaZe, guladi papava, amJamad direqtoria julieta gaxaria. pedagogebad muSaoben: luiza ivanova, nana janjRava, nana tyebuCava, mziuri papava, qeTevan afxazava, Sorena miqaia, irina Tolordava,maia gulua. skolaSi sxvadasxva dros pedagogebad muSaobdnen: nani jaiani, nana yuraSvili,dodo Wanturia, nani bokuCava, nazi siWinava, marina garuCava, feride WiTanava, ciala CareqaSvili, marina CxarCxalia da sxvebi. dReisaTvis skolaSi 115 moswavle swavlobs, arsebobis

manZilze skola 346­ma moswavlem daamTavra.1978 wels CxorowyuSi gaixsna mxareTm­

codneobis muzeumi.misi pirveli direqtori iyo am saqmis didi moamage, Rvawlmosili muSaki grigol Sengelia. muzeumis daarsebaSi, mis warmatebiT saqmianobasa da eqsponantebis SegrovebaSi didia Cxorowyuel inteligentTa roli mamanti kvirtiasa da tite Selias meTurobiT.muzeums fasdaudebeli daxmareba

aRmouCina martvilis muzeumma da piradad misma direqtorma givi eliavam. muzeumis saqmianobaSi didi wvlili aqvT Setanili mis mecnier­muSakebs: konstantine xuntuas,aleqsandre morgoSias, anzor siWinavas, jemal lakirbaias.1987 wlidan muzeums saTaveSi udgas kulturis gamocdili muSaki da xelovani guram malania.muzeumSi daculia mxaris warsulis amsaxveli mravali nivTieri, werilobiTi, enTografiuli, zepirsityvieri masala. mis ZiriTad da damxamare fondSi aRricxulia 20 aTasze meti eqsponanti.respublikis cnobili

mecnierebis,muzeumis Statisa da StatgareSe mecnier muSakTa monawileobiT Catarebulia 14 samecniero sesia da 5 gasvliTi samecniero konferencia, sadac 67 maRalkvalificiuri moxsenebaa wakiTxuli. muzeumSi dagrovil masalebze dayrdnobiT mravali sayuradRebo naSromi daiwera da gamoqveynda, dabeWdilia samecniero sesiebis Tezisebi da calkeuli moxsenebebi.

kulturis ganyofilebis gamged sxvadasxva dros muSaobdnen: raJden fiCxaia, arsen vekua, giorgi papaskiri, JorJi gogua, aleqsandre beraZe, neli papaskiri, iason papava.1982 wlidan ganyofilebas saTaveSi udgas Rirsebis ordenis kavaleri, kulturis sferos Rvawlmosili muSaki Saxi siWinava, romelsac mniSvnelovani wvlili miuZRvis raionis kulturis cxovrebis srulyofaSi. kulturis ganyofilebaSi kultmasobriv RonisZiebebs da saklubo muSaobas koordinacias uwevda besik axalaia, romelic amJamad raionis kinoqselis direqtoria.kulturuli cxovreba raionSi TandaTanobiT myar niadagze dgeba.

vladimer gorozia

guram fircxalava

oqros fondi

20 “სამეგრელო” № 5

gmiri

afxazeTis oms bevri gmiri hyavda. boris

Sonia, igive Jilini, gansakuTrebuli adami­

anuri Tvisebebis gamo didi pativiscemiT

sargeblobda. soxumis dacemis Semdeg qalaqi

aTiaTasobiT qarTvelma datova. boris Sonia

galSi darCa. qarTuli genis SenarCuneba da

naTesavebisTvis gasaWiris Semsubuqeba surda.

separatistebma galis raioni araerTxel

daarbies. waiRes nadavli da xalxi daaSines.

boris Soniam separatistebis qmedeba Riad

dagmo.

rogorc galelebi ixseneben, separatiste­bma mas swored es saqcieli ar apaties da meore dRes 1993 wlis pirvel noembers sakuTari saxlis ezoSi daxvrites.

afxazebze da qarTvelebze Seyvarebul kacs simarTlisTvis esroles. aRsaniSnavia, rom daxvretisas boriss rusi erovnebis qalbatoni Tamara anosinkova gadaefara, romelic aseve ar daindes da daxvrites.

Jilini sakuTari saxlis ezoSi daasaflaves, misi saqcieli ki samagaliTod darCeba afxazeTis omis istoriaSi.

qarTul-afxazuri

urTierTobis

msxverpliratom daxvrites boris Sonia

saswauli, romelic unda giamboT, Znelad dasajerebeli, magram namdvili ambavia. ambavi, romlis moqmedi gmiric 12 wlis Tekla jaoSvili da misi bebia, megreli qali, nato xarebava gaxlavT. qalbatoni nato misi mdgomareobis gamo marto saqarTvelom ki ara, germaniamac kargad gaicno, rogorc SemarTebuli, mizandasaxuli, Zlieri deda da yvelaze meti,

RmerTisagan xeldasmuli adamiani, romlis xilvebmac qaliSvils Svili SeunarCuna.

yvelaferi ki ase daiwyo: erTxel, rodesac fexmZime qaliSvili siZesTan erTad baTumSi gaistumra, moulodnelad TbilisSi, wereTlis gamzirze eklesiis win, sadac misi saxli mdebareobs, kadri dainaxa. aRmoCnda, rom es bavSvis xerxemali iyo, im bavSvis, romelsac misi

ras wers germanuli

presa qarTuli saswaulis Sesaxeb

RvTis saswauli

21“სამეგრელო” № 5

Svili mucliT atarebda. daigegma gamokvlevebi sazRvargareT, dia­gnozi SemaSfoTebeli aRmoCnda, nayofs xerxemlis simsivne dau­dginda, romelic swor nawlavze gadadioda. misi mkurnaloba eqi­mebis azriT uperspeqtivo iyo da amave dros procedurebi imdenad Zviri Rirda, mis dafinansebas araTu ucxoeli, Tavad adgilobri­vi adamianic ki ver SeZlebda. arc dazRvevas eqvemdebareboda. ara da qalbatoni nato far­xmals ar yrida, Svils STaagonebda, rom bavSvi aucileblad giorgobas, 23 noembers daibadeboda da gansacdelis miuxedavad yvelaferi kargad iqneboda. am dros ufalma xarebavebsa da jaoSvilebs saCuqari miuZRvna, germaniaSi telereklamebis wyalobiT gamoCnda 72 wlis germaneli kaci, vinc Tavisi mTliani danazogi,

erTi milioni evro patara Teklas gadauricxa.aferum mis vaJkacobas. warmoidgineT, ra

didsulovani unda yofiliyo, rom ucxoeli bavSvisaTvis amxela madli gaewia.

bavSvs 7 Tviani Zilis procesSi yvelaferi gaukeTes. sakvebs ar iRebda, mxolod wyals awvdidnen, miuxedavad amisa Tekla viTardeboda...

bebias yoveldRe mis gadarCena­ar gadarCenaze sxvadasxva sabuTze xels awerinebdnen, magram sikvdilTan mebrZoli qali ver gatexes. gavida dro, ojaxi mkunalobis Semdeg TbilisSi Camovida. dedas da bebias patara Tekla dedaTa monasterSi dahyavdaT, mama gabrielis saflavze awvendnen da loculobdnen.

uflis, mama gabrielisa da germaneli kacis SemweobiT dRes gogona, romelsac eqimebi

absolutur sikvdils uwinaswarmetyvelebdnen, janmrTeli da bednieria. mis mogonebaSi aRreulia warsuli, awmyo da momavali. icis yvelaferi, rac misi Zilis dros moxda, xedavs momavals da SeuZlia winaswarmetyveleba.

moulodnelad dedam da bebiam bavSvSi saswauli niWi aRmoaCines. gogona Tixaze figurebs xazavs da rogorc aRmoCnda, is figurebi sufTa Sumeruli anbania.

es kidev erTi saswaulia, rac Cvens irgvliv xdeba, saswauli imisa, rom ufali Tvalwin gvesaxeba da gvaCvenebs, Tu raoden didia misi madli.

es ambavi germanulma wamyvanma Jurnal­gazeTebma farTod gaaSuqes. samwuxaroa, rom Cven am faqts 12 wlis Semdeg vigebT.

qalbatoni nato ki Zlieri deda, gonieri qali da RvTismSoblis mociqulia ojaxis gadasarCenad movlenili.

winamdebare ambavi, romelic zRaprad SeiZleba mogeCvenoT, WeSmariti realobaa, erTi gansxvavebiT, bolo zRapris msgavsad keTili aqvs.

dideba ufals am SemweobisaTvis.nino rexviaSvili

RvTis saswauli

22 “სამეგრელო” № 5

visi gorisa xar

imas Svilad ver miviReb,

winaprebis akvans swvavdes,

sircxvili im guTnisdedas,

Tavis mamis saflavs xnavdes.

ieTim gurji

... Svilma unda icodes, sad da razed gaCerda mama, rom iqidam daiwyos cxovrebis uRelis weva. Svils unda gamorkveuli hqondes, raSi iyo marTali da kargi misi mama, raSi iyo Semcdari, ra avi miiCnia keTilad da ra keTili - avad, ra umarTavda xels, ra abrkolebda, risTvis irjeboda da mxneobda da risTvis da raSi uqmobda. uamisod TviTon Svili, rac ginda mxne da gamrjeli iyos, uxorTumo spilos egvaneba, daviT guramiSvilisa ar iyos, da am wuTisofelSi veras gaxdeba.

ilia WavWavaZe

gvari da gvariSvilobagvari da gvariSviloba

cxakaiasavaraudod gvaris fuZea

metsaxeli cxaka, Cxaka... rac

TvalRias, Rias niSnavs. cxakua

ki megrulad Zalis gareSe

dartymas, mocacunebas niSnavs.

cxakaiebi cxovroben

soWSic _ ramdenime ojaxi

1980­ian wlebSi gadasula iq

sacxovreblad.

saqarTveloSi 590 cxakaia

cxovrobs. umetesoba TbilisSi,

zugdidSi da martvilSi.

CiCuaes gvari gvxvdeba meCvidmete saukunis

istoriul wyaroebSi. levan II dadianis erT­

erTi sigelis mowme yofila ramaz CiCua.

CiCuebis saTavado arsebobda

me_17_19 saukuneebSi Waniswyalisa

da xobiswyliswyalTan da ewodeboda

saCiCuo, saiCao. rezidencia hqondaT zenSi.

cixesimagreebi zensa da xobSi, sagvareulo

saZvaleebi zensa da xobis monasterSi.

CiCuebis erT­erTi Stodan unda

momdinareobdnen CivaZeebi.

Tbilisi_451, senaki_158,

lanCxuTi_135.

23“სამეგრელო” № 5

bJalavaerT­erTi versiiT, gvari

egvipturi enis safuZvelzea

axsnili. egvipturi sakraluri

miTebis Tanaxmad, `bJa~ (mze) Sva

sakralurma Zroxam, romelsac

hqvia `mexeTurT~ didi `ciuri

Zroxa~.

mzes da rZes erTi saxeli

aqvs kolxurSi. mze da rZe erTi

ideiTaa Sekruli egvipteSi.

am versiiT, ramzes meoris

egviptelebma moitanes kolxeTSi

33 wlis winaT.

saqarTveloSi 1231 bJalava

cxovrobs.

gvari nawarmoebia mamakacis

saxelidan wvera.

qarTulSi wvera wveris mqone

pirsac aRniSnavs. samegreloSi

aris aseve gvari wveria.

wverava ivanika moxseniebulia

xonis eklesiis 1824 wlis sigel­

gurjebSi.

saqarTveloSi 516 wverava

cxovrobs: TbilisSi_131,

quTaisS_72, samtrediaSi_30.

gvari nawarmoebia mamakacis

saxelidan wvera. metsaxeli

wverikmaza ki, gvxvdeba gvarSi

wverikmazaSvili.

zarandia

xarCilava

gavrcelebuli gvaria zugdidSi.

zarand _ iranulad sakuTari

saxelia.

es megruli gvari nawarmoebi

Cans. Cans skviTuri zarand

saxelidan da niSnavs `moxucs~.

wverava

saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul

gvarebs Soris xarCilavas

raodenobis mixedviT 360­e adgili

uWiravs.

saqarTveloSi 2225 xarCilava

cxovrobs. zugdidSi_718,

walenjixaSi_707, TbilisSi_237,

arian sxvaganac...

gvari da gvariSviloba

WyoniaWyoni megrulSi muxas aRniSnavs.

Wyonias asaxeleben im gvarTa Soris,

romlebSic Cans mcenareTa saxelebi:

mag. WyoniZe, muxaZe, muxaSvili.

TbilisSi 432 suli Wyonia

cxovrobs. lanCxuTSi_355,

baTumi_277.

24 “სამეგრელო” № 5

visi gorisa xar

WurRulia arcTu mravalricxovani gvaria. 1995 wels mTels saqarTveloSi sul 821 WurRulia aRiricxa. aqedan zugdidsa da mis soflebSi – 664, walenjixaSi – 28 da a.S. gvaris Ziri samkvidro sofelia leWurRule, romelmac gvian saWurRulios saxeli miiRo.

es sofeli ledgebies farglebSia moqceuli da alerts emijneba. swored aq cxovrobs WurRuliebis 67 komli. garda amisa WurRuliebi mkvidroben WiWe saWurRulioSi, romelic mdinare yulwyarsa da nijixRals Soris mdebareobs axalsoflis Temis sofel uCaSonaSi, am TemSi 32 komli WurRuliaa. garda amisa WurRuliebi cxovroben dRes ingirad wodebul sofel joRediani ||joReSianSi (8 komli) soflebSi kaxaTi (8 komli) yuliSkari(4 komli) reye/riye (3 komli)... (p. cxadaia. `gvarebi da gvarTa dasaxelebani samegreloSi”, Tb. –2000. gv.165).

gvarad WurRulias etimologiis Sesaxeb ramodenime mosazreba arsebobs. Jurnalisti enver Ciqavas sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, SesaZloa am gvarsaxelSi `bgerebis gadaadgilebaTa~ (mecnieruli eniT metaTezisTan) gvqondes saqme da gvar `WurRulia”­s fuZes galobis, WikWikis aRmniSvneli megruli sityva `RurWuli” warmoadgens. Tu es asea, – wers is, – WurRuliaTa winapari momReral­mgalobeli Cans“ (e. Ciqava,

axalkaxaTi, Tb. 2000, gv. 48). mkvle­vari nikoloz jomidava, romlis etimologiuri varjiSobebi xSirad Rimilis momgvrelia, gvarsaxels WurRulia qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonze dayrdnobiT yurwaWrili cxvris sityva `WurRula“­s ukavSirebs, magram ufro galoba­WikWikis aRmniSvnel RurWul megruli sityva eguleba mis fuZeSi (n. jomidava. `3000 megruli gvarsaxeli“, Tb.2000, gv. 439). galobis aRmniSvnel megrul sityva “RurWul”­s miiCnevs am gvarsaxelis Semadgenlad cnobili onomastikosi paata cxadaia (ix. misi dasax. wigni, gv. 165). rogorc Cans es asec unda iyo.

amas uTiTebs gvarsaxeli WurRulaSvili (al. Rlonti, qarTveluri sakuTari saxelebi, Tb. 1986, gv.240). etyoba WurRulaSvilebi arian gaqarTlebuli WurRuliebi, an megruli warmoSobis Tikuni danarCen saqarTveloSi gavrcelda antroponimad megrulSive Secvlili (metaTezirebuli) saxiT, magram ufro pirveli SesaZlebloba unda iyos simarTlesTan axlos. amas mafiqrebinebs Semdegi garemoeba: WurRulaSvili moxsenebulia 1703­1722 wlebs Soris Sedgenil ganCinebaSi Tarxan mdivanbegisa da daviT­garejis udabnos Soris davis saqmeze, sadac sxvaTa Soris naTqvamia, rom ,,WurRulaSvili imereTidanaa mosuli“ (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi t. I

WurRuliebis gvaris Sesaxeb

visi gorisa xar

25“სამეგრელო” № 5

visi gorisa xargv. 292­293).arsebobs gvar­saxel WurRulias warmomavlobis kidev erTi SesaZlebloba, is SeiZleba iyos toponimis Semcvleli gvarsaxeli. es ki unda iyos savaraudo toponimi `WurRu~, romlis mkvidri megrulad iqneba WurRuli (Sdr. ruxi – ruxuli. reCxi –reCxuli). WurRulia imgvarive aRnagobisaa rogoricaa magaliTad gvari murRulia, sadac aq dakarguli toponimi murRu unda gvqondes. WurRuliebis sagvareulos Sesaxeb uZveles dokumentad unda miviCnioT levan­V dadianis warwera wm. giorgis xatze, romliTac mas dekanozi nikola WurRulia Seuwiravs, rogorc Cans, uguryelis ekle­siisTvis. amis Sesaxeb cnoba daculia zugdidis muzeumSi dacul xatze 1818 wels gakeTebul warweraSi, romelSic naTqvamia: `brZanebiTa grigoris Ze levans mimibarebia Tqven, WurRuli-ebisaTvin. Tu es xati daikarga, Cemda RalatiT mo(g)ikiTxa(v)T. amis mocile ara kaci gyavT. q. wminda(o) giorgi, xati ese Sen(i) da mRvdel dekanozi amis WurRulia nikola Seewira pirvels leon dadianma (sic) qristes saflavisaTvis da mis aqeT daZvelebuli iyo da kvlavadve gavakeTebine brZanebiTa jvaris mamisa ankikisiTa, Cven WurRuliebman gulaia, gera, WuWum welsa uflisasa Cyi(‘)“ (M.Brossit. Rapporis. IX. gv. 38; Tedo Jordania, qronikebi III. gv. 496; lili beraia, `samegreloSi daculi X-XIX saukuneebis jvar-xatebis warwerebi”, Tb. 2000 gv. 3.). levan II dadianma marTlac Seswira qristes saflavs da ierusalimis qarTvelTa taZars korcxelis eklesia da korcxelsa da mis mezobel sofelSi mcxov­rebi 100 komli. es moxda 1640 wels da cxadia dekanoz nikola WurRulias Sewirvac am drosaa. 1662–1667 wlebs Soris, ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastrisadmi Sewirulobis wignSi, ilarion walenjixeli wers: `me walenjixelman ilarion, ierusalims rom wavel mas Jamsa iqiobas, alabs erTi kaci xinowmindelisa davixseni da gamouSvi. amasobaSi vamex dadiani rom mokles da leon dadiani rom gabatonda, maSin erTi kocxeleri kaci laSqarSi dakarguli iyo da TaTriTgan xinowmindels daexsna WurRulia wiwakoCi qobuleTs oTxmocdaaT marCilad da samagierod CemTvis gamoegzavna da me ...cxovelmyofels jvris monasters Sevwire“ (ab. tuRuSi, dokumentebi qarTuli eklesiis

istoriisaTvis, Tb. 2006. gv. 39–40). 1675–1683 wlebs Soris ierusalimis jvris monastrisadmi Sewirulobis wignSi jvaris mama nikolozi wers: `viyide me patronman jvaris mamis nikoloz alaverdis karsa WurRulia samni Zmani xoxua da mirdi da urcxali. amaT marTebT begara, erTi kargi saklavi, or–ori kacis xe gakvriTa, did guda Rvino ori, sxva kacis tvirTi ori Rvino, erTi kacis tvirTi Romi, misi puri, qaTami, yveli, kvercxi da marili, kidev sastumro saWmeli“... (ab. tuRuSi, dasax. naSromi, iqve). im pirebs Soris, romelTac daviT dadianis zeobisas, 1847 wels gamarTul sasamarTloze orzoliebis dasaxelebulia kaxaTeli WurRulia (sic) bayaia (zugdidis muzeumi, sakanc. arqivi, 1, furc. 5) es bayaia kaxaTeli WurRuliebis uSualo winapari Cans. WurRuliebis udidesi nawili saeklesio glexi iyo. Tumca iyvnen Tavad mxeiZeTa ymebic. magram WurRuliebis erTi nawili gaaznaurebis gzaze idga. amas mafiqrebinebs is garemoeba, rom maT sakuTari ymebic yavdaT. 1854 wels yuliSkaris mkvidrma WuWu WurRuliam, romelic swored is WuWu unda iyos, romelmac 1818 wels gulaia da gera WurRuliebTan (rogorc Cans mis ZmebTan an biZaSvilebTan) erTad wm. giorgis xati moaWedvina. Tavisi mojalabe miqelia qvarsalia 200 vercxlis maneTad miyida dedofal ekaterines (zugdidi muzeumi, dok. 7301). ai, mokled is, rac SegviZlia vTqvaT WurRu­liebis sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb im mwiri masalebze dayrdnobiT, romlebic dReisTvis moviZie.

amowerilia saqarTvelos saxelmwifo arqividan da zugdidis eTnografiuli muzeumis istoriuli wignebidan.

abesalom tuRuSi, muzeumis direqtori

WurRuliobazugdidisa da caiSis eparqiaSi aris 21

moqmedi eklesia, mSenebarea – 13. aqedan erTerTia sof. odiSSi saWurRulios `uguryeli“­s (wm. giorgis) salocavi. ledgebies mTavarangelozTa naeklesiari, romelic me–16 saukuneSi aaSenes da gasabWoebamde moqmedi iyo. aq am madlian miwaze sami eklesia iyo moqmedi: `yuli“ – rogavebis salocavi, `alerti“ – anTelavebis salocavi, `uguryeli“ – WurRuliebis salocavi, `WurRuliefiS

26 “სამეგრელო” № 5

oxvame“. WurRuliebis gvaris ori uxucesi batonebi kote da vladimeri igoneben maTTvis winaprebisagan gadmocemul Semdeg legendas: yofilan 4 Zma jaTuni(a), ZRvirini(a), caku da jargu yaraCis sazRvarze moukliaR yaraCi, iZulebuli gaxdnen daetovebinaT svaneTi, Camovidnen afxazeTSi da TavSesafari Txoves Tavad ServaSiZes. mTasa da zRvas Sua ganlagebul miwa­wyalze Sesaferisi adgili ver SeurCia Tavadma `mTis xalxs“ da samegreloSi levan­II (1611– 1657 ww.) dadianTan gagzavna Zmebi. werili, sadac ServaSiZe Txovda TavSesafari mieca ZmebisTvis. waikiTxa levanma da Tavisi mouravi gvarad dgebua ixmo uTxra `mTis xalxia“ es xalxi, daaT­valierebine Cemi samTavro, gansakuTrebiT

mTiani adgilebi da sadac airCeven miwa­wyals iq miecio. Zmebi 25 qceva miwas iTxovdnen. orma Zmam airCia axalsofeli – uCaSona, orma odiSi – ledgebie. (`uCaSona“ megrulad – Savi svania, es ori Zma Savgvremanebi yofilan. saWurRulio es axalsofeli iyo. odiSi, yvelam viciT, samegrelos gulia, xolo ledgebieis adgilia sadac es eklesia dgas. maSin aq dgebiebi cxovrobdnen). 1611­1657 ww. Zmebi dasaxldnen da maT levan­II dadianma misca gvari `WurRulia“. am didi wyalobis gamo, romelic uflis xeldasmiT moxda, Zmebma piroba dades mTavris winaSe, rom mRvTismsaxurebas Seudgebodnen da Seudgnen kidec. swored amis gamo WurRuliebi ganTavisuflebuli iyo yovelgvari gadasaxadisagan, isini glexebi iy­vnen, magram aravis mojamagired ar udgebodnen, im droisTvis didi privilegiiT sargeblobdnen, radgan yvelaze mTavars RvTismsaxurebas eweoden, dadianebma kargad icodnen am msaxurebis madli da fasi. gasabWoebamde saqarTveloSi 1450 eklesia arsebobda. aq, samegrelos am madlian miwaze sami eklesia funqcionirebda: `yuli“, `alerti“ da `uguryeli“. am eklesiebSi

arsebuli siwmindeebi da 5­5 zari iloridan CamoubrZanebiaT. `uguryeli“­s wm. giorgis mooqrovili xati dRes daculia saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumSi, xolo zarebi (deda zari es iyo didi zari, saSualo zomis sami zari da patara zari) romelic samive taZarSi iyo erTdroulad iuwyeboda wirvalocvis dawyebas, 1922 wlis 23 Tebervals sabWoTa ruseTSi gamoSvebuli brZanebis `saqarTvelos eklesiidan ganZeulis amoRebis Sesaxeb“ safuZvelze CamouxsniaT. 1923 wlis gazafxulze ukve komunistebma 1212 eklesia daxures. guriaSi da samegreloSi arc erTi taZari aRar moqmedebda. zugdidis mazraSi 75 taZari daixura, maT Soris erTerTi Cveni taZari iyo. Cven viciT komunistebi morwmuneebs daundoblad uswordebodnen, maT Tvalwin esrodnen eklesiis gumbaTze aRmarTul jvrebs, xvretdnen xatebs, parsavdnen mRvdlebs, mironiT Ceqmebs iwmendnen. am procesSi odiSis sabWos Tavmjdomare aqtiurad monawileobda. ,,uguryelis wm. giorgis“ mooqrovili xati, romelic dReisTvis sax. muzeumSia daculi gamoitana Cveni eklesiidan, dado aq am eklesiis ezoSi, zed gadaajda da TuTuni mowia da yviroda ­ amas Tu rame Zala aqvs Cems STamomavlobas Seexoso. gadmocemiT viciT: misi STamomavloba am codvis gamo amowyvetila. am faqts meme WurRulia Seeswro da didi winaRmdegoba gauwia, ris gamoc igi daiWires. ar viciT ra bedi ewia mas, magram rogorc cnobilia msgavsi faqtebis gamo komunistebma aTasobiT morwmune daxvrites. Cven gvinda didi mowiwebiT Tavi davxaroT, Cveni saxelovani winapris meme WurRulias sulis winaSe. romelic albaT romelime CvenTaganis babua an didi babua iyo. Cven misi STamomavalni yvela erTad madlieri varT yvela im WurRuliasi vinac Cvenamde moitana es eklesia – ...didi ganZi saqarTveloSi. 2500 meti WurRuliaa romlebic ZiriTadad TbilisSi da samegrelos regionebSi cxovroben, kerZod zugdidSi, walenjixaSi, odiSSi, saWur­RulioSi, axalsofelSi, axalkaxaTSi, ingirSi, yuliSkarSi, riyeSi cxovroben. kargi iqneba Tu momavalSi movaxerxebT imas, rom mivakvlioT xelovnebis muzeumSi arsebul istoriuli wm. giorgis mooqrovil xats, davawerinoT misi asli da patriarqs davalocinoT WurRuliebis gvari.

kote WurRulia

2500 meti WurRuliaa romlebic

ZiriTadad TbilisSi da samegrelos

regionebSi cxovroben, kerZod

zugdidSi, walenjixaSi, odiSSi,

saWur-RulioSi, axalsofelSi,

axalkaxaTSi, ingirSi, yuliSkarSi,

riyeSi cxovroben.

visi gorisa xar

27“სამეგრელო” № 5

26 maiss saqarTvelo damoukideblobis dRes aRniSnavs. es qveynis erT­erTi umniSvnelovanesi dResaswaulia, romelic 1918 wlidan iRebs saTaves.

1917 wlis ruseTSi momxdar burJuaziul revolucias monarqiis damxoba da imperiis daSla mohyva. saqarTveloSi amave periodSi Seiqmna erovnuli sabWo, romelic, faqtobrivad, qveyanas marTavda. erovnuli sabWos dadgenilebiT, 1918 wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelo damoukidebel respublikad gamocxadda. respublikis Tavmjdomared airCies noe Jordania.

1918 wlis 26 maiss miRebul iqna `saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damou-kideblobis aqti”, romelSic, kerZod, naTqvami iyo: `mraval saukuneTa ganmav-lobaSi saqarTvelo arsebobda, rogorc damoukidebeli da Tavisufali saxelmwifo. meTvramete saukunis dasasruls yoveli mxriT mtrisagan Seviwrovebuli saqarTvelo Tavisi nebiT SeuerTda ruseTs im pirobiT, rom ruseTi valdebuli iyo, saqarTvelo mtrisagan daecva. ruseTis didi revoluciis msvlelobam ruseTSi iseTi Sinagani wyobileba Sehqmna, rom mTeli saomari fronti sruliad daiSala da rusis jarmac datova amierkavkasia~. darCnen ra Tavisi ZalRonis amarad, saqarTvelom da masTan erTad amierkakasiam TviT idves Tavs sakuTari saqmeebis gaZRola da patronoba da Sesaferisi organoebic Sehqmnes; magram gareSe ZalTa zegavleniT amierkavkasiis erTa SemaerTebeli kavSiri dairRva da miT amierkavkasiis politikuri mTlianobac daiSala. qarTveli eris dRevandeli mdgomareoba aucileblad moiTxovs, rom saqarTvelom sakuTari saxelmwifoebrivi organizacia Sehqmnas, misi saSualebiT gareSe Zalis mier dapyrobisagan Tavi gadairCinos da damoukidebel ganviTarebis mtkice safuZveli aagos. amisda

Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo, 1917 wlis 22 noembers arCeuli saqarTvelos erovnul yrilobis mier, acxadebs:

1) amieridan saqarTvelos xalxi suverenul uflebaTa matarebelia da saqarTvelo sruluflebovani damoukidebeli saxelmwifoa.

2) damoukidebeli saqarTvelos politikuri forma – saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikaa.

3)saerTaSoriso omianobaSi saqarTvelo mudmivi neitraluri saxelmwifoa.

4)saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikas surs saerTaSoriso urTierTobis yvela wevrTan keTilmezobluri ganwyobileba daamyaros, gansakuTrebiT ki – mosazRvre saxelmwifoebTan da erebTan.

5)saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika Tavis sazRvrebSi Tanasworad uzrunve lyofs yvela moqalaqis samoqalaqo da politikur uflebebs, ganurCevlad erovnebisa, sarwmunoebisa, socialuri mdgomareobisa da sqesisa.

6) saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika ganviTarebis Tavisufal asparezs gauxsnis mis teritoriaze mosaxle yvela ers.

7 )damfuZnebeli krebis Sekrebamde mTeli saqarTvelos marTva-gamgeobis saqmes uZRveba erovnuli sabWo, romelic Sevsebuli iqneba erovnuli umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebiT da droebiTi mTavroba pasuxismgebelia sabWos winaSe.

saqarTvelos demokratiulma res-

publikam, romlis damoukidebloba

evropis wamyvanma qveynebma cnes, arseboba

arasruli sami wlis Tavze, sabWoTa ruseTis

mier ganxorcielebuli okupaciis Semdeg

Sewyvita. saqarTvelom damoukideblobis

aRdgena 70 wlis Semdeg, 1991 wlis 9 aprils,

SeZlo.

26 maisidamoukideblobis dRe

Tavisuflebis wyurviliT...

28 “სამეგრელო” № 5

miTiqvaTa RaRadi

9 maisi faSizmze gamarjvebis dRea. 1945 wlis 8 maiss vermaxtis kapitulaciis Semdeg evropaSi meore msoflio omi dasrulda, 9 maisi ki faSizmze gamarjvebis dRed gamocxadda.

meore msoflio omis ganmavlobaSi germania, italia da iaponia awarmoebdnen dampyroblur omebs msoflios mravali qveynis winaaRmdeg. maTi mTavari mowinaaRmdegeebi iyvnen safrangeTi, didi britaneTi da CineTis respublika, ribentrop­molotovis paqtis darRvevis Semdeg sabWoTa kavSiri da iaponiis perl­harborze Tavdasxmis Semdeg amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi.

omma imsxverpla 60 milionamde adamianis sicocxle, maT Soris 20 milionamde mSvido­biani mosaxlis. omis suliskveTeba gaJRenTili iyo mZlavri ideologizmiT. aman uricxvi samxedro danaSauli da mSvidobian mosaxleobaze sistematiuri Zaladoba gamoiwvia, romelic genocidSic ki gadaizarda.

meore msoflio omi evropaSi iyo germaniis mier wamowyebuli dampyrobluri da gamanadgurebeli omi aRmosavleTSi „saarsebo garemos” mopovebis mizniT. germaniis sagareo politikis savaraudo sqemis ZiriTad komponentebs Seadgenda kavSiri italiasa da iaponiasTan; brZola germaniisTvis gamanadgurebeli Sedegebis momtan e. w. „ebraul msoflio SeTqmulebis” winaaRmdeg; germaniis saboloo mizani iyo msoflioSi gabatonebuli poziciis mopoveba.

meore msoflio omi evropaSi germaniam daiwyo 1939 wlis 1­el seqtembers, 4 saaTsa da 45 wuTze vermaxtis poloneTze TavdasxmiT. Tavdasxmis

gamarTlebis mizniT germanulma mxarem moawyo ramdenime incidenti. yvelaze cnobili maT Soris iyo polonur samxedro formebSi gamowyobili „ss”­is wevrebis Tavdasxma 31 agvistos radiosadgur glaivicze, romlis drosac maT polonur enaze eTerSi gadasces poloneTis mier germaniisadmi omis gamocxadebis cnoba.

1941 wlis 22 ivnisis dilas ki vermaxtis 149 diviziam (maT Soris yvela germanuli satanko da motorizebuli Zalebi) gadalaxa ssrk­is sazRvrebi. 2 divizia Setevas awarmoebda fineTidan, 8 stacionirebuli iyo norvegiaSi, 1 – daniaSi, 38 divizia dasavleT frontze moqmedebda, 2 ibrZoda CrdiloeT afrikaSi da 7 – balkaneTze. mixedavad operatiuli informaciisa, wiTeli armiis saSualo da dabali rangis sardloba germanelTa Tavdasxmas moumzadebeli Sexvda. uamravi sabWoTa mebrZoli ssrk­is sazRvris gaswvriv raime seriozuli winaaRmdegobis gawevis gareSe danebda marSiT mimaval germanelebs.

1942 wlis 19 noembers daiwyo sabWoTa jarebis kontrSeteva stalingradTan (stalingradis brZola 1942­1943). 1943 wels kurskTan brZo­lebSi (kurskis brZola 1943) faSisturi germaniis jarebis ganadgurebis Sedegad moxda ZiriTadi gardatexa meore msoflio omis msvlelobaSi. faSisturi germania iZulebuli gaxda gadasuliyo strategiul Tavdacvaze. sabWoTa armiam daiwyo farTo Seteva mTel frontze. 1943 zafxulsa da Semodgomaze gaaTavisufles donbasi da marcxena napiris ukraina, gadalaxes dnepri da daiwyo

9 maisi

29“სამეგრელო” № 5

miTiqvaTa RaRadibelorusiis gaTavisufleba. 1942 Semodgomidan erTgvarad gaaqtiurda didi britaneTi da aSS­is samxedro moqmedeba. 1942 oqtombris bolos daiwyo inglisis me­8 armiis (sardali generali montgomeri) Seteva CrdiloeT afrikaSi. el­ala mainis brZolaSi (1942 wlis 23 oqtomberi ­ 4 noemberi) gamarjvebis Semdeg inglisis jarebi 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi utevdnen general­feldmarSal romelis jarebs afrikis CrdiloeT sanapiros gaswvriv da gavidnen tunisis samxreT sazRvarTan. 1942 wlis 8 noembers daiwyo amerika­inglisis saeqspedicio Zalebis (150 aT.) gadasxma safrangeTis CrdiloeT afrikaSi. male mokavSireebma daikaves maroko, alJiri, Sevidnen tunisSi. 1943 zafxulSi mokavSireTa jarebma daikaves kunZuli sicilia. seqtembers gadasxes sazRvao desantebi apeninis naxevar kunZulze (italiis kampania 1943­1945). sabWoTa armiis gamarjvebebi xels uwyobda evropis xalxTa antifaSisturi brZolis aRmavlobas.

1945 wlis Teberval­aprilis I naxevarSi gaanadgures mtris msxvili dajgufebebi aRmo­sa vleT pomeraniasa da sileziaSi, gaaTavisuf­les baltiis zRvis sanapiro dancigidan oderamde. germaniis winaaRmdeg moqmedebis koordinaciisaTvis da evropaSi omis Semdeg wesrigis damyarebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT 1945 wlis 4­11 Tebervals ialtaSi Sedga ssrk­is, aSS­isa da didi britaneTis xelmZRvanelTa konferencia (yirimis konferencia 1945).

faSisturi germaniis winaaRmdegobis ukana­skneli centri berlini iyo. 16 aprils daiwyo grandiozuli berlinis operacia (1945). hitle­risTviTmkvlelobis Semdeg (30 aprili) admiral denicis meTaurobiT Seiqmna mTavroba, romelic wiTeli armiis winaaRmdeg brZolis gagrZelebas cdilobda. 6­11 maiss sabWoTa armiebma Caatares praRis operacia (1945). farTo frontiT Setevis Sedegad sabWoTa SeiaraRebulma Zalebma daasrules centraluri da samxreT­aRmosavleTis evropis qveynebis gaTavisufleba. 4 maiss xelmoweril iqna aqti germanelTa jarebis danebebis Sesaxeb niderlandSi, CrdiloeT­dasavleT germaniaSi, Slezvig­holStainsa da daniaSi. 5 maiss danebdnen faSisturi jarebi samxreT da dasavleT avstriaSi, bavariaSi, tirolSi da sxva raionebSi. 8 maiss, SuaRamisas sabWoTa jarebis mier dakavebuli karlshorstis gareubanSi germaniis umaR lesi mTavarsardlobis warmomadgenlebma feldmarSal v. kaitelis meTaurobiT xeli moaweres aqts faSisturi germaniis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis usityvo kapitulaciis Sesaxeb. usityvo kapitulacia

sabWoTa mTavrobis davalebiT miiRo sabWoTa kavSiris marSalma g. Jukovma aSS­is, didi britaneTisa da safrangeTis warmomadgenlebTan erTad. xolo 9 maiss sabWoTa jarebma gaanTavisufles qalaqi praRa.

agresiul saxelmwifoTa koaliciidan, romelmac meore msoflio omi gaaCaRa, 1945 maisSi brZolas mxolod iaponia ganagrZobda. 17 ivlisidan ­ 2 agvistomde Sedga ssrk­is (delegaciis meTauri i. stalini), aSS­is (delegaciis meTauri h. trumeni) da didi britaneTis (delegaciis meTauri u. CerCili, 28 ivlisidan ­ k. etli) mTavrobaTa meTaurebis potsdamis konferencia 1945 (1945), miiRes gadawyvetileba germaniis demilitarizaciis , denacifikaciisa da demokratiuli gardaqmnis Sesaxeb. didi britaneTis, aSS­isa da CineTis mTavrobebma wauyenes iaponias kapitulaciis konkretuli pirobebi, romlebic iaponiis mTavrobam uaryo, ssrk­ma, romelmac 1945 aprilSi moaxdina ssrk­iaponiis neitralitetis Sesaxeb paqtis denonsireba, daadastura mzadyofna Cabmuliyo omSi iaponiis winaaRmdeg.

6 agvistosa da 9 agvistos aSS­ma atomuri bombebi Camoagdo hirosimasa da nagasakiSi, ris Sedegadac daixoca da dasaxiCrda 1/4 mln­mde mSvidobiani mcxovrebi. 8 agvistos ssrk­ma omi gamoucxada iaponias. 9 agvistos sabWoTa SeiaraRebulma Zalebma daiwyes saomari moqmedeba manjuriaSi ganlagebuli iaponelTa kvantunis armiis (1,2 mln. kaci) winaaRmdeg. 10 agvistos iaponiis winaaRmdeg omSi Caeba monRoleTis saxalxo respublikac. sabWoTa jarebma swrafi SeteviT mokle droSi gaanadgures kvantunis armia da gaaTavisufles CrdiloeT­aRmosavleTis CineTis nawili, CrdiloeT korea, kunZuli saxalini da kurilis kunZulebi. gaTavisuflebuli manjuria ekonomikurad CineTis erT­erTi yvelaze ganviTarebuli raioni, gadaiqca CineTis rev. Zalebis saimedo samxedro­strategiul placdarmad. ssrk­is omSi Cabmam da kvantunis armiis ganadgurebam daaCqara iaponiis usityvo kapitulacia, romliTac 1945 wlis 2 seqtembers dasrulda meore msoflio omi.

meore msoflio omma udidesi gavlena iqonia kacobriobis bedze. germania, italia da iaponia gamoeTiSnen msoflios, rogorc Zlieri saxelmwifoebi. evropaSi gadamwyveti roli aSS­s da msoflioSi axlad gabatonebul ssrk­s hqondaT mas Semdeg, rac 1940 germaniam safrangeTi daipyro, xolo didi britaneTi uZluri iyo, daemarcxebina germania.

30 “სამეგრელო” № 5

stumrad samegreloSi

legendis Tanaxmad, indoeTis mefes

ubrZanebia mTeli qveynierebis `ulamazesi

xalxi~ (gurulebi) SeekribaT da masTan

mieyvanaT. asec momxdara. indoeTSi

mgzavrobis dros gzaSi gaugiaT, rom mefe

gardaicvala, am dros ki is xalxi, romelic

mefesTan mihyavdaT, dRevandeli guriis

teritoriaze yofilan da aqve darCenilan.

swored amitomac, im adgilis saxeli guria

gamxdara. guria, romelsac nodar dumbaZem

`sicocxlis samosaxlo~ uwoda. adgili,

sadac garemos mSvenierebiT aRtacebuli

galaktioni meetles araerTxel SeuZaxebs:

`win meetlev!eg cxenebi gaaqane, gaaqane!msurs, rom kidev erTxel vnaxo gazafxulis mTebi mwvane~....

mTebi! rogor Svenis maTze gazafxulis buCq-foToli, rogor Svenis velze nami, gamWvirvale, rogorc broli, ca isea mowmendili, ca isea SeumkrTali, rom angelozs dainaxavs modaraje kacis Tvali~...

guria, sadac aprilma Tavis jadosnuri

funjiT garemo walkots daamsgavsa, sadac misda

uneburad `krimanWuli~ gemRereba da misi anbani

mxolod aq ician, sadac maspinZeli karSi gegebeba

da fialiT mSvidobis sadRegrZelos gTavazobs,

sadac mkvircxli da xalasi iumori marTlac

xasiaTis dResaswauls giqmnis. aRtkinebuli,

,,arsad ise

ar mRerian,

rogorc aq,

am qveyanaSi~

begi sioriZe

begi sioriZe meuERlesTan erTad

31“სამეგრელო” № 5

stumrad samegreloSi

SemarTebiT WanWrobs aedevnebi da molaRuris

stvena samoTxis SegrZnebas gbadebs, sadac

maspinZeli guls gadagiSlis da ukan wamosuls

sulSi siTboCaRvrils grZnobiT gaTqmevinebs:

`samoTxeSi viyavi stumrado~. wamosvlamde ki

guruli tradiciulad gesalmeba:

_ Cveneburi xar?

_ ara, batono, stumrad Camovedi.

_ simRera ici?

_ ara, batono.

_ daleva Tu giyvars?

_ ara, batono.

_ aba, qaTams xo tu­

rac Wams! _ xiTxiTiT mo­

ga Zaxeben WiSkarTan Ca­

mo msxdari, baxmarodan

Camomdgari nislis kvam­

lSi gaxveuli TeTri yabalaxiani babuebi da

`xasanbeguriTa~ Tu `krimanWuliT~ gagixsnian

gulis karebs, wylis magivrad sanTlis arays

mogawvdian da mSvidobis sadRegrZelos

zRurblzeve Segasmeven.

dadebiTi grZnobiT daxunZluli ozurgeTis

Teatrisaken gavemarTeT. adgili, sadac

`naduri~ imRereba, adgili, sadac `krimanWuli~

da `xasanbegura~ JRers, sadac `farcakuku~ da

`kalmaxoba~ warmodgenad gveSleba Tvalwin,

adgili, sadac umdidresi folkloruli saunjea

davanebuli, adgili, romelmac saqarTvelos

damsaxurebuli artistis omar xurciZis sazeimo

saRamos umaspinZla qarTuli qoreografiis

varskvlavTcvenis bairaERi gaxldaT.

im dRes ozurgeTSi kidev erTi SemoqmedebiTi

varskvlavi akiafda. patara gurulebi cekvis

eniT esaubrebodnen stumarsa Tu maspinZels.

diax, stumrebs. im dRes ozurgeTs qoreografis

korifeebi stumrobdnen, _ omar mxeiZe, fridon

sulaberiZe, Tengiz uTmeliZe da sxvebi,

romlebmac TavianT kolegas pativi miages da

damsaxurebuli qaTinaurebiT Seamkes. saRamo

mweralma, msaxiobma da qoreografma givi

sixaruliZem gaxsna. am yovelives win qalaqis meris

baton begi sioriZis Sexvedra uZRvoda, rome­

lmac qalaqSi mobrZanebul stumrebs maspinZloba

gauwia, jer Teatris Senobisken gauZRva, Semdeg

ki, ulamazesi warmodgenis dasasruls, tradi­

ciuli, qarTuli vaxSami gaumarTa, sadac ucxo

TvalisTvisac ki advili SesamCnevi gaxda, raoden

didi siyvaruliT da pativiscemiT sargeblobs

batoni meri Tanamoqalaqeebs Soris, mers mxars

umSvenebs ulamazesi meuRle, lela sioriZe,

namdvili qarTveli qali, Rimiliani, Tavaziani,

yuradRebiani, gonmaRali. qali, romelmac kar­

gad icis, rom Tavmdabloba qalisTvis yve laze

Zvirfasi samkaulia. ai, es ojaxi maspinZlobda

uamrav stumars.

qarTuli sufris mniSvneloba CvenTvis

kargad aris cnobili,

saqveyno saqme odiTganve

metwilad sufrasTan

wydeboda, aq vlindeba

adamianis zne da xasiaTi.

swored, rom es sufra

aRmoCnda sarke begi da lela sioriZeebis

sulierebisa da mizanswrafvisa. baton begis

dedaqalaqi Tavisi kuTxis siyvarulma daato­

vebina, SeCveul komfortze uari aTqmevina da

Tavis ZirZvel guriaSi daasaxla, ifiqra, iqneb

mcireodeni wvlili Sevitano Cemi mamapapiseuli

saZvalis, Cemi ozurgeTis keTildReobis saqmeSio

da asec moxda. batoni begi dRes ojaxTan erTad

ozurgeTSi cxovrobs, rom Tavis gurulebs Sveba

misces, iyos mediatori maTsa da centralur

xelisuflebas Soris, akeTos saqme xalxisTvis,

romlebmac is rCeulad scno da ndoba gamoucxada.

ai, es iyo kulturul­tradiciuli janyi

guriaSi, janyi sulieri dResaswaulisa,

janyi tradiciebis demonstrirebisa, janyi

keTilmosavi guruli maspinZlobisa, romlis

medroSeobac sioriZeebis ojaxma iTava.

ukan dabrunebisas kvlav galaktioni

maxsendeba:

`arsad ise ar mRerian, rogorc aq, am qveyanaSi~.

nino rexviaSvili

`sicocxlis samosaxloa,Cemi patara guria~ n. dumbaZe

`Cemi patara guria, sul mTlad suli da gulia~ m. baqaniZe

lela sioriZe

32 “სამეგრელო” № 5

martvili _ berZnulad wamebuls niSnavs. misi Tavdapirveli saxelwodeba iyo Wyondidi. Wyondidis martvilTa eklesia agebulia VII­saukunis I­l naxevarSi. Sua saukuneebSi eklesia RvTismSoblis saxelobis gaxda. sxvadasxva dros martvilSi moRvaweobdnen cnobili mwignobari, stefane sanenoiZe (X saukune), giorgi Wyondideli, ioane mesvete (XI saukune), giorgi Wyonidideli _ mwignobarTuxucesi (XI_XIIss.) da sxva.

martvilis monasterSi daculi xelnawerTa koleqcia amJamad inaxeba korneli kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa intitutSi.

martvilis taZari gumbaTovania. Tavdapirvelad igi mcxeTis jvris tipis iyo, oRond ufro mcire moculobis. taZris

calkeul nawilTa Sefardeba qmnis didi da msubuqi Sinagani sivrcis STabeWdilebas. fasadis reliefis frizebi Sesrulebulia dekoraciul stilSi. figurebi da mcenareuli ornamenti erTian naxatebSia CarTuli. frizebze bibliisa da saxarebis siuJetebia gamosaxuli.

eklesia mniSvnelovnad gadaakeTes X­saukuneSi. daumates gareTa kedlebi, amoiyvanes axali gumbaTis yeli. interieri sxvadasxva drosaa moxatuli. taZris gverdiT dgas mcire orsarTuliani eklesia.

P.S. martvilis macxovris xati daculia xelovnebis muzeumSi (Sesrulebulia ioane sabaniZis mier).

legendebi da Tqmulebebi samegreloze

Wyondidi ­ megrulad did muxas niSnavs. uamravi gadmocema Tu legenda arsebobs samegreloSi am kerpTan dakavSirebiT. erT–erTi legendis Tanaxmad, im gorakze, sadac axla monasteria ganTavsebuli, uzarmazari muxa mdgara, romlis erTi toti mdinare abaSis napirs swvdeboda, meore toti ki – cxeniswylisas. muxis Ziras aRmarTuli iyo samsxverplo, sadac msxverplSewirvis rituali sruldeboda. weliwadSi erTxel kerpmsaxuri qurumebi irCevdnen Sesawirav bavSvebs da rituali TviTon dedas unda

Seesrulebina – unda daekla da misi Tbili sisxli kerpisTvis epkurebina, gvami ki samsxverploze daewva. gadmocemiT, Tu bavSvis neStisgan amosuli kvamli maRla aiWreboda da muxas ascildeboda, kerpi Rebulobda Sesawirs, Tu dabla gaiSleboda, risxvas daatexda Semwirvels. erTxelac dedam miiyvana samsxverplod gamzadebuli pirmSo, magram ver SeZlo ritualis Sesruleba. qurumebma deda Caqoles, xolo bavSvi kerps mainc Seswires. Svilis vergammetebeli deda ki Turme ecxadeboda xalxs da gahkioda: "ma

martvili Tu Wyondidi

Tqmuleba Wyondidze

matiane

33“სამეგრელო” № 5

ryvili, squa, ma ryvili!" ("me mogkali, Svilo, me mogkali"). erT–erTi versiiT, swored aqedan modis saxelwodeba martvilic. mkvlevarTa varaudiT ki, martvili berZnuli sityvaa da wamebuls niSnavs. me–7 saukuneSi agebuli

eklesiac wamebulTa, martvilTa saxelobis iyo. gvian, Sua saukuneebSi ki RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobis gaxda.

givi eliava

iaponeli iangebi – uZvelesi kolxuri tomi

xobis raionis sofel xeTis teritoriaze, gorakze mdebareobs samegreloSi cnobili patara tba saxelad ,,papanwyviri’’. legendis Tanaxmad tbis adgilze cxovrobda mRvdeli (megrulad papa). rodesac erTxel mRvdelma Tavis damxmare adamianebs, nads sadilad aWama ZaRlis xorci, miwa iZra da mRvdeli Tan Caitana, CaiZira. (megrulad dinwyu) da am adgilas aRmocenda tba,romelsac uwodes ,,papanwyviri’’ (qarTulad CaZiruli mRvdeli).

legenda tba "papanwyvir"-ze

gazeTSi „asaval dasavalSi“ (2000weli.16–22 agvisto, 33) gamoqveynda dali miqavas saubari qeTevan xamicaSvilTan saTauriT „miqava iaponiaSi, nagasakirSi, cnobili gvaria“, romelSic naTqvamia, rom iaponiaSi mdebareobs sofeli miqava, cxovrobdnen istoriuli pirovnebebi, admirali gunini da momRerali qalbatoni kioniSi miqavebi, romelsac adasturebs saqarTveloSi iaponiis elCi maxioSi kamohara. es istoriuli faqtia.

legenda „caSkibulze“ . mdinare wisqvilaras ulamazesi xeobis CrdiloeTiT, sadac egrisis goliaTi mTebi gadmohyureben samegrelos da dasavleT saqarTvelos, kavkasionis mTebisaken mimaval bunebis moyvarulebs pirveli egebeba 3017 metri simaRlis mqone mTa „caSkibuli“ (cis kibe).

Cveni xalxi odiTganve misdevda mesaqonleobas. zafxulis periodSi mwyemsebi naxirs mTebSi saZovrebze mierekebodnen da gvian Semodgomamde iq rCebodnen. mZime iyo mTaSi cxovreba, magram iZulebuli iyvnen TavianT beds damorCilebodnen.

erT mSvenier dRes, Zlieri uamindobiT Sewuxebulma mwyemsebma gadawyvites axlomdebare mwvervalze kibe miedgaT, safexurebi kldeebisagan gamoeTalaT da maRla RmerTTan asuliyvnen, raTa daxmareba eTxovaT.

erTi Tve dRedaRam muSaobdnen iqauri mwyemsebi kibis mSeneblobaze. TiTqosda yvelaferi kargad unda dasrulebuliyo,

magram kibe sakuTari simZimisagan uceb CamoiSala da mwvervalis irgvliv aseulobiT heqtarze mimofanta. mwyemsebi momxdarma Zlier Seawuxa, magram TavianT naxelavs rom uyurebdnen, TviTonac ukvirdaT Tu rogor gamoTales kldeebidan kibis amdeni safexuri. gadawyvites, rom im adgilisaTvis „caSkibuli“ daerqviaT.

ase uxsovari droidan dgas lamaz mTebs Soris umaRlesi „caSkibuli“ da uxmobs mbaxvelebs.

legenda "caSkibulze"

matiane

34 “სამეგრელო” № 5

uZvelesi droidan vardi rCeba yvavilebis Seucvlel dedoflad, sidiadisa da silamazis simbolod. misi silamaze da mistiuroba adamianis yuradRebas ipyroba. is uyvardaT da Tayvans scemdnen, mas xotbas asxamdnen uZvele­si droidan. vari popularobiT da siyvaru­liT sargeblobda yvela erSi. arqeologiuri monacemebiT vardri dedaiwaze ukve 25 milioni welia arsebobs, xolo misi xelovnuri moSeneba 5000 welia mimdinareobs da am drois udidesi nawilSi is iTvleboda wminda simbolod. vardebis surneli yovelTvis ukvSirdeboda ara amqveyniurs.

Zvelad hqondaT tradicia, romlis mixedviT salocavebs cocxali vardebiT rTavdnen. is mohyavdaT jer kidev ramdenime aTasi wlis win aRmosavleTiT. yvelaze Zveli monacemebi vardis Sesaxeb gvxvdeba Zvel indur TqmulebebSi, Tumca mis samSoblod sparseTi iTvleba. Zvelsparsul enaSi sityva „vardi" pirdapir niSnavs „sul"­s. Zveli poetebi irans uwodebdnen „g i u l i s t a n "­s , rac niSnavs vardebis qveyanas (aqedanaa albaT saqarTveloSi qalis saxeli „giuli" anu „vardi" :|). bengaluri vardebi warmoSobiT indoeTidanaa, Cais vardebi CineTidan.

yvavilebis dedofals privilegirebuli pirebic afasebdnen. fufunebis moyvare kleopatram swored vardebis foTlebiT garemocul adgilas moxibla miudgomeli meomari markus antoniusi. legendis mixedviT Zvel indoeTSi, RirsSesaniSnaobebis dros erT­erTma mmarTvelma brZana vardis foTlebiT aevsoT wylis avzi. mogvianebiT xalxma SeamCnia,

rom wylis zedapiri vardis Txeli esenciiT daifara. swored ase gaCnda vardis zeTi.

rogorc cnobilia siyvarulis qalRmerTi afrodite zRvis talRebisgan gaCnda. jer gamosulic ar iyo xmeleTze, rom mbrwyinavma qafebma mis sxeulze Ria wiTel vardebad iwyes gadaqceva.

Zveli berZnebisTvis vardi yovelTvis iyo siyvarulisa da mwuxarebis, poeziisa da ferweris simbolo. Zveli berZeni poeti qali safo vards „yvavilebis dedoflad" ixseniebda. did sokrats miaCnda, rom vardi yvelaze mSvenieri da yvelaze sasargeblo yvavilia dedamiwaze. ZvelberZnuli miTebidan viciT, rom salocavebi, romlebic afrodites eZRvneboda garSemortymulni iyvnen vardis buCqebiT, xolo TviTon qalRmerTs Zalian uyvarda vardis wyalSi banaoba.

II aT. Cv. w. aR. k. kretaze vardebs gamosaxavdnen saxlebze, xolo aTaswleulebis win ki faraonebis samarxebze. Zveli romaelebi imdenad aRmerTebdnen vardebis silamazes, rom maT xorblis magivrad Tesdnen, xolo zamTarSi gemebiT gamohqondaT yvavielebi egviptidan. kidev erTi istoria Tu ratom gawiTlda vardi: edemis baRSi seirnobis dros evam vards akoca da isic am siamovnebisgan gawiTlda. vardi yvavilia, romelic Zalian fasobs qristianebaSi. mas swored ase uwodeben – RvTisSoblis yvavili.

mxatvrebi RvTisSobels gamosaxavdnen sami TaiguliT. TeTri Taiguli niSnavda mis sixaruls, wiTeli – mwuxarebas, xolo yviTeli – didebas.

vardobis Tve

tradicia, romlis mixedviTac salocavebs cocxali vardebiT rTavdnen

35“სამეგრელო” № 5

wiTeli xavsisebri vardi qristes sisxis wveTebisgan Seiqmna. rodesac mas jvarze akravdnen, angelozebi sisxlis wveTebs agrovebdnen, ramodenime wveTi xavsze daeca da iqidan gaizarda vardi. RaJRaJa wiTeli feria, romelic unda gvaxsenebdes Cveni codvebis gamo daRvril sisxls.

bulbulma rom dainaxa TeTri vardi aRfrTovanda da gulSi Caikra, basri ekali gulSi SeerWo da misma sisxlma vardis foTlebi wiTlad SeReba.

raindebi erT dros Tavis satrfoebs vards adridnen. isini vardiviT mSvenierebi da miukareblebi miaCndaT. mravali raindi faris emblemad swored vards irCevda.

yvavilebis Taiguli – erT–erTi yvelaze popularuli saCuqari. yvavilebs Cuqnian rogorc dResaswaulebze, aseve umizezod, ar fiqroben imaze, Tu ras niSnavs feri an raodenoba. arseboben adamianebi, visTvisac raodenobasa da fers didi mniSvneloba aqvs. Taigulis saSualebiT SeiZleba gamoxatoT siyvaruli, iTxovoT patieba an sayvareli adamianis xeli.

wiTeli feri: siyvarulze mianiSnebs. rodesac sakuTar grZnobebze surT saubari, an grZnobebis gamJRavneba, wiTel vardebs Cuqnian. Tu grcxveniaT siyvarulSi gamotydomis, magram amasTanave sakuTari

grZnobis gamoxatva gindaT, wiTeli vardebis Taiguli dagexmarebaT – Tqvens grZnobebze isini isaubreben.

yviTeli feri: megobrobaze miuTiTebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom dedofal viqtorias dros, yviTeli vardebi eWvianobis gamomxa­tveli iyo, axla isini bednierebis, sixarulisa da megobrobis simbolos gamoxataven.

TeTri feri: miuTiTebs umankoebasa da siwmindeze. am feris vardebs patarZlis TaigulSi xSirad ixilavT. Tu gsurT megobar gogonas mianiSnoT, rom bednierebisagan caSi frenT, aCuqeT TeTri vardebi.

vardi da grZnobebi...

1 vardi – mianiSnebs, rom es gogona TqvenTvis

erTaderTi da ganumeo rebelia;

2 vardi – ormxriv siyvarulze metyvelebs;

10 vardi – mis silamazesa da gonierebaze

miuTiTebs;

15 vardi – patiebis Txovnas hgavs;

20 vardi – „damijere mudam SenTan viqnebi!“

24 vardi – mTeli dRe–Ramis ganmavlobaSi

masze fiqrobT. Tumca igive SeiZleba

Tqvas 365 vardma.

vardobis Tve

36 “სამეგრელო” № 5

zu

gdidi

sruliad saqarTvelos amcnobs

regionis xma

zugdidis municipalitetis gamgebelma ediSer Toloraiam, usaxlkaro da mZime sacxovrebeli pirobebis mqone pirTa sacxovrebeli farTiT uzrunvelyofis komisiis wevrebTan erTad sacxovrebeli saxlis eskizebi ganixila.

sacxovrebeli farTiT uzrunvelyofis komisia oTxoTaxiani da xuToTaxiani saxlis eskizebis 3D vizualizacias gaecno.

municipalitetis gamgeblma ediSer Tolo­raiam arqiteqturisa da mSeneblobis samsaxu­ris warmomadgenlebs warmodgenili eskizebis detaluri Seswavla da sakuTari xedvis Camoyalibeba daavala.

municipalitetis gamgeobam sacxovrebel sax­lebze konkursi mimdinare wlis 11 aprils gamoa­cxada. konkursSi monawileoba orma kompa niam, Sps `profesianali 33“ da Sps „dabl bi“ ­ m miiRo.

zugdidis municipalitetis gamgeobaSi, satyeo samsaxuris warmomadgenlebTan erTad, saSeSe masalis socialurad daucveli ojaxe­bisTvis gadacemis formaze da teqnikur detalebze komisiis sxdomaze imsjeles. gamgeblis moadgilis gizo sarTanias ganmartebiT, 153 kuburi metri merqnuli resursi, romelic municipalitetis gamgeobas gadaeca, socialurad daucvel 51 ojaxs gadaecema. xis masala S.p.s ,,energotransi“­s da ss ,,saqarTvelos saxelmwifo eleqtrosistemis“ mier ,,jvari xorgas SemaerTebeli qselis“ proeqtis ganxorcielebis farglebSi, eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT xeebis moWriT dagrovda.

municipalitetis gamgeblis moadgilem, satyeo samsaxuris warmomadgenlebs, TanamSro­mlobisTvis madloba gadauxada.

37“სამეგრელო” № 5

regionis xmazugdidis municipalitetis socialurma

komi siam, nacatus, WkaduaSis, ingiris, jumisa da ruxis administraciul erTeulebSi, im bene­ficiarebis mdgomareoba adgilze gadaa mowma, romlebic momvlelis programaSi CarTvas iTxoven.

jumisa da ruxis administraciul erTeulSi ki, is ojaxebi gadamowmda, romelTa gancxadeba

saxlebiT uzrunvelyofas Seexeboda. gamge­blis moadgilisa da socialuri komisiis Tavmjdomaris gizo sarTanias ganmartebiT, socialuri komisia yvela Semosul gancxadebas adgilze amowmebs. konkretuli gadawyvetileba ki komisiis sxdomaze erToblivi msjelobis Sedegad miiReba.

zugdidis municipalitetis gamgebeli, ediSer Toloraia, nacatus administraciul erTeulSi dRes, WaburRilis mowyobis wina mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis mimdinareobas daeswro da adgilobrivebs gaesaubra.

municipalitetis gamgeblma soflis warmomadgnlebTan saubrisas ganacxada, rom or TveSi sofels sabolood mougvardeba wylis momaragebis problema da sasmel wyals uwyvet reJimSi miiReben.

municipalitetis gamgebels ediSer Toloraias nacatus mosaxleobam problemis mogvarebisTvis madloba gadauxada. sofeli wylis problemas 25 welia ganicdis. WaburRilis mowyobis Semdeg 89 ojaxi wyals intensiurad miiRebs.

nacatuSi WaburRilis mowyobis samuSaoebs municipaluri ganviTarebis fondi sruli dafinansebiT axorcielebs, romlis Rirebulebac 302 000 lars Seadgens.

zugdidis municipalitetis jandacvis komisiam, am Tvis bolo sxdomaze 74 beneficiari daafinansa. zugdidis municipalitetis gamgeblis moadgilisa da jandacvis komisiis Tavmjdomaris gizo sarTanias informaciiT, Semosuli gancxadebebidan, 40 beneficiari medikamentebiT dafinansda,operacia 3­s xolo tomografia 4 moqalaqes daufinansda, ,,c“ hepatitis diagnostirebis programaSi ki 27 beneficiari CaerTo. aRniSnuli samedicino momsaxureobebisTvis municipalitetis jandacvis biujetidan 23282 (ocdasami aTas oras oTxmocdaori) lari daixarja.

38 “სამეგრელო” № 5

9 qalaq zugdidSi, andria dadianis saxelobis skverSi Wadrakis saaRdgomo festivali sazeimod gaixsna.

9 festivali, romelSic monawileobas 18 eparqiis 24 gimnaziis aRsazrdelebi miiReben, dRes Wadrakis turniriT gagrZeldeba da xval, 4 maiss gimnazielebis mier RvTiSoblis kvarTis molocviT, saaRdgomo naxatebisa da nakeTobebis gamofeniTa da sazeimo koncertiT dasruldeba.

9 Wadrakis saaRdgomo festivali saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebuli wm. mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis centris patronaJiT, qalaq zugdidis meriis, qalaq zugdidis saWadrako saxlisa da moswavle axalgazrdobis sasaxlis TanadgomiT tardeba.

qalaq zugdidis meria

xalxis samsaxurSi

9 aRdgomis brwyinvale dResaswaulTan dakavSirebiT qalaq zugdidis meriam ukiduresad SeWirvebul ojaxebsa da veteranebs saaRdgomo saCuqari moumzada.

9 sasaCuqre kalaTebi, romelic sakveb produqtebs moicavs dRes qalaq zugdidis merma, irakli gogoxiam, sakrebulos Tavmjdomare, merab qvaraiam, meris moadgile, koba jiqiam da meriisa da sakrebulos warmomadgenlebma ufaso sasadilosa da socialuri sacxovrisSi daariges.

9 dRis ganmavlobaSi meriis saaRdgomo saCuqrebs veteranebi, ded–mamiT oblebi da sxva umweo kategoriis moqalaqeebi miiReben.

qalaqis xma

39“სამეგრელო” № 5

qalaq zugdidis municipalitetis meriis janmrTelobis, socialuri dacvis, veteranTa da devnilTa samsaxuris, umweo ojaxebis gaTbobis saSualebebiTa da krizisul mdgomareobaSi myofi ojaxebis materialuri daxmarebis programis farglebSi, qalaq zugdidis muni cipalitetis meriam, socialurad daucvel, martoxela pensioners, guguSa manias macivari gadasca.

janaSias quCaze mdebare 12 sabavSvo baRis kapitaluri SekeTebis samuSaoebi daiwyo.

9 amortizebuli xis kar­fanjrebis, iatakisa da kedlebis demonataJi ukve dasrulebulia.

9 mimdinareobs Senobis gare da Sida fasadis SelesviTi samuSaoebi da metalo­plastmasis kar­fanjrebis montaJi.

9 12 sabavSvo baRis sruli reabili­taciisaTvis 248 088 laria gamoyofli.

9 aRniSnuli samuSaoebis mimdinareobasa da xarisxs meriis qalaqmSeneblobis samsaxuri monitorings yoveldRiur reJimSi uwevs.

9 zugdidis saganmanaTleblo resurs centrSi saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier Catarebuli 2014­2015 saswavlo wlis erovnuli olimpiadis monawile bavSvebi da pedagogebi daajildoes.

9 saswavlo olimpiadis qimiis daskvniT turSi qalaq zugdidis #2 sajaro skolis 2 gundi monawileobda. zugdidelma moswavleebma saswavlo olimpiadis qimiis turSi saprizo, meore da mesame adgilebi moipoves.

9 gamarjvebul moswavleebsa da sam pedagogs ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom sigelebi, xolo qalaq zugdidis municipalitetis meriam saCuqrebi gadasca

qalaqis xma

40 “სამეგრელო” № 5

sisxli Tavisas Svreba ­ am naxatis fotoreproduqcias 100 wels miRweuli qalbatoni ise inaxavda, arc ki icoda, ra ambavs mouyveboda masze darCenili warsuli. sisxli eZaxda da inaxavda.

wlebs mihqonda tkivilica da sixarulic, fermkrTaldeboda da icviTeboda am qalbatonis axloblebis fotoebi, magram es suraTi albomidan albomSi jiutad gadahqonda. qmarma dautova ­ Cem Semdeg Sen gaufrTxildio... arc is icoda, qmars saidan hqonda.M mere ifiqra, roca Tavad aRar iqneboda, suraTs veravin moufrTxildeboda da Cven gadmogvca, ­ Tqvenze ukeTess vis mivcem, amis fasi gecodinebaTo. Cven mas mecnierebs gadavcemT da isini Seunaxaven STamomavlobas. manamde imas mogiyvebiT, rac am fotoreproduqciazea gadmocemuli. masze is qarTvelebi arian, romelTa sisxli, rogorc Cvens bedisweras sCvevia, gadakargulSi, borodinos velze, ori didi imperiis omSi iRvreboda ­ safrangeTisa da ruseTis. es 1812 wels moxda. vin icis, sxvis omSi miRebuli ramdeni Wriloba hqondaT natanj sxeulze. mere es naxati ruseTis imperiam gamosca Ria baraTad warweriT ­ `megrelebi borodinos omSi". ruseTisTvis isini megrelebi iyvnen ­ ase gvyofda (da gvyofs ­ megrelebad, gurulebad, svanebad...), CvenTvis ki Cveni sisxli da xorcia da bedisweris ukuRmarTobis Zaxili. Tumca saamayoc aris. aba, daxedeT, ra simamace aRbeWdviaT kuSt saxeebze, asxletil tanze iaraRi rogor uxdebaT. es Cven varT, aseTni viyaviT da aseTni viqnebiT... is ki gaugebaria, ruseTis imperiam es Ria baraTi ratom gamosca, vis ra xels aZlevda. masze xom safrangeTisTvis

mebrZoli qarTvelebi arian gamosaxulni, franguli droSisferebiani ordenebiT ­ imperator napoleon bonapartes jariskacebi! magram mis gamomcemels ruseTis interesebze metad albaT, Semosavali ainteresebda. misi ra saqme iyo, es qarTvelebi vis mxareze ibrZodnen, mTavaria, foto kargad gaiyideboda. ­ vin ar iyidda. RmerTma acxonos, man am Ria baraTiT Cveni istoriis axali furceli dawera.

rogor unda moxvedriliyvnen samegrelodan gadaxvewili vaJkacebi frangi imperatoris armiaSi? iqidan, saidanac qarTvels bediswera miaqanebda ­ egviptidan. isev Cvenianebi yiddnen rCeul qarTvel Wabukebs mamluqebad. napoleonma ki 1798 wels aiRo egvipte da pirvelad naxa mamluqebis Tavganwiruli brZola. Semdeg ki, roca brZolis velze mamluqebisgan aCexili frangi jariskacebi dakrZala, sardlebs ubrZana, ­ radac unda dagijdeT, mamluqebi gadmoibireTo. maSin egviptis sulTnebi gasaJletad iyvnen Seseuli qarTvelebs ­ maTi eSinodaT. amitomac gamWriaxma imperatorma 500 mamluqis gulis mogeba moaxerxa. frangebi dResac didi mowiwebiT weren vinme qarTvel rustamze, romelic egviptidan gahyva napoleons da imperatori samudamod daivala ­ SeTqmulTagan sikvdils gadaarCina. daivala kaci, romlisganac Tavad safrangeTi darCa davalebuli. didi imperatoris dakrZalvis dRes ki frangebs Soris misi mamluqi mcveli, rustami idga. WarmagobaSi Sesuli qarTvelis garegnoba Tvals itacebda ­ yvela uyurebda. aravin icis, iyvnen Tu ara am fotoreproduqciaze asaxuli jariskacebi im dRes procesiaze, maTi saxelebic wlebma waiRo, magram Tu manamde cocxlad miaRwies, muxls ueWvelad mouyridnen mamac imperators ­ qarTvelebi qeds mxolod simamacis winaSe vixriT.

P.S. fotos gadmocemisTvis madlobas

vuxdiT qalbaton naTela xoravas,

konsultaciisTvis ki ivane javaxiSvilis

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis profesors, baton merab

kalandaZes.eTer eraZe

rogor moxvdnen megrelebi napoleonis armiaSi?

Strixebi warsulidan