THE ROLE OF ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS ON CROP

PRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

• The role of environmental factors on crop production are vital in plant growth and development.

• Generally they are climate, pest ,and soil, which then will be divided into several

co-factors.

CLIMATE

DEFINITION

• CLIMATE

Meteorological condition over a broader area.

Patterns developed over years.

• WEATHER

Describing short-term.

EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON CROP PRODUCTION

• MOISTURE STRESS ( drought ) when soil moisture is limited. occur when precipitation are too low,

temperature are too high or both.

• TEMPERATURE STRESS Minimum temperature that kill plants outright.

• NATURAL DISASTERS Excessive monsoon rain Cyclones Hurricanes Floods Drought

PEST

Categories of Organisms that Cause Diseases

• Disease-causing organisms• Plant as pests (weed)• Insects pests• Non-insect invertebrate or vertebrate pests

PLANT DISEASE

Categories plant pathogens• Virus• Bacteria• Fungi• Nematodes• Parasitic higher plants

NON-PATHOGENIC CAUSES PLANT DISEASE

• Temperature- best temperature range is 15-30 degree C

• Moisture- detrimental to crop plant growth• Air- air pollution is injurious to plant

METHODS PEST MANAGEMENT

• Biological pests management• Cultural pest management• Legislative pest management• Physical @ mechanical pests management• Chemical pests management

Roles of Pests In Crop Production

• Pests is undesirable to human• Pests adverse environmental condition can

causes disease• Agricultural pests reduce crop productivity• But a few parasitic plant are economic pests of

cultivated crops• Some pests like insects cause direct damage

to crop or carries of pathogens.

EXAMPLES OF PESTS

SOIL

SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Soil Texture

- Sandy soil

- Fine-textured soils (clay soil)

- Silt soil• Soil Structure

- Prismlike

- Platelike

- Blocky

- Granular

SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

• Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)• Soil pH

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL

• Earthworms• Nematodes• Soil Fungi

ROLES OF SOIL IN CROP PRODUCTIONS

• For physical support of plants• Recycling center for nutrients and organic raise• To provide nutrients needed for plants

development• Clay soils have high CEC, able to attract and hold

cations, therefore, have high nutritional status.• Sandy soils have low CEC, light soils and easier to

till, drain better.

CONCLUSION• Climate and weather are not within the

control of the producer, but predictable although not precise. It is important in crop adaptation.

• Soil act as the medium for plant growth and development.

• Pests are undesirable, and appropriate strategies needed to control them without affecting the environment.

Group members…What’s this?

NAMES MATRIX NO.

1.ABDUL HADI BIN RAHMAN 025861

2.NUR JANNAH MOHD AMIN 025767

3.SITI MARYAMI IBRAHIM 025807

4.NORSYAKIRA BT ABDUL RAHMAN 025808

5.SITI BALQIS BT ABD. KARIM 025818

6.ERNIE BT. MUSTAPHA 025980

7.NURUL HASANAH BT ABD RAZAK 025842

8.NOR ATIQAH BR JAMALUDIN 025866

9.NOR SABARIAH BINTI YAHYA 025920

10.AMATULLAH RASYIDAH AMBOK MAEK 025861