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S HI 11- AUc.-72 1: L3 11368 SPEECH DIGITIZATION BY LPC ESTIMATI ON TECHNIQUES - REVlSION A.

S P E e C H DIGTTIZATION BY LPC ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES - 2EV1SION A TOM MA G lLL

1. INTRODUCT rON

The increasin@ use o~ di~ital sIg naling has led ~o a rene.erl interest in digIt-lzin@ voIce signals. Previous approaches sucb as peN whIch have yIelded good quality have required excessive bi t rates while those that required mode~t bi t rates, such as vocoders, provided inadequo:..te quality. Recently -technl.ques ba.sed on adaptive estlmat.lon concepts (commonly called tbe linear p r e dictive coe11iclent (LPC) approach) have yielded excellent quallty at modest bit ru.tes. However, to date the LPC approach has only been simulated on larg e g eneral purpose cOfllpllters at rates much slower than real t1 1Ae.

I 1. O BJECTTVF

Develop a pract J cab Le rea l- ti l'IIe voIce di g I ti zat I on concep t based on LPC estimation techniques that ylelds good voJce quality at modeg t b .I t rates.

[{ I. VETHOD OF APPROA C H

The method of approach to improving the per1'ormance or voice di g it iz.ers consists 01 concentrating the r e search effort on linear predJctive encod'n@; techniques. S pecit:lcat 'ly, six tasks have been identified 101' further study .. 01 these, the f.Irst three will be given g reater elliphasis .since they appear to present the g reater opportunity t or sl~n1~lcant perfurmance improvement. However, it should be obs erved that the latter three are worthy ot study and, as the research e~~ort proceeds, may yield s ig ni~lcan·t performance improvements.

A. Asynchronous Operation

Research ef10rts on lInear predictive encodin g techniques, to date, have concentrated on synchronous type operation, e. g ., synchronous wi th a 4 8 00 Hz clock.. Uowever, there are several r e asons "tor conslderlng asynchron o us operatJon. FIrst, a g rowin p; number of modern communication systenls, partJcularly di g ital data Bysh~ .. s now operate 1n an asynchronous mode. Second, speech is asynchronous wIth respect to any s ystem cLock. Pitch synchronous analysis

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procedures are very e1'f'ectl ve but are basically asynchronous B.lnce the pItch :frequency is a continuously chang ins varIable. An obvious savings can be achieved by accomodating an asynchronous source .1th an asynchronous system rather than requirin g a conversion to a synchronous :format. ThIrd, pitch synchronous analysis should provide more accura.te speech characterization. Fourth, since p itch syncbronous synthes is is requjr~dr a p itch synchronous (system clock asynchronous) sys--tem can avojd the necessity of InterpolH.tlon operations. Finally, asynchronous o pe ration permits the possibilIty or not transmitting the pauses in conversation and utili zi n g other data compression approaches that are basically asynchronous In nature. It is proposed to ~nvestlqate the teftSibl llty o~ obtaIning the ahove advantag es with Signals and to assess

lInear predictive encodin g o ·f speech the impact o~ asynchronous

transmlsslon on voIce Quality.

The outputs i:rom thIs task wIlt be 0. recommended at g orI -thm .Lor asynchronous operation, an ~stlmate of the averag e bit rate 1 t requires, i .. e., the compress! on :tac -tor achi eved and audio tapes demonstrating voice qua lity achieved .. This e:f:for-t witl be documented In a report and a ListIn g 0:1. "the computer programs.

1 t Is eXllec -ted that the Inl tl i'lL phases o:t the e:ttort the pro~rams witt operate In non-real time. As the e£1ort prog resses Increased consideration will be devoted to real-tiNe operation. This p base will be care:tully coordinated with Lincoln Labora tory, Cutler-Harrison, and Washing ton University. A g oal ls to g ive a real time demonstration at Was hin g ton Unl versj tyl s hi " h speed

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B. Error SI@nal Characterization

To date, two dl~1erent methuds of chara cterizing the error sig nal (the dlf:ference between the predicted and actual values) have been elliployed. In the ~irst method, the error signal is characterized a1: each time s fllnpLe by one bi -t representin g its potari ty .. The quantized error Si g nal is transmItted and used to drive the synthesizer at the receiver. A po1:ential a.dvantage o:t this approach is that the synthesIs procedure I:1hould maintaIn hi g h quality per.lormance even In the p resence of audio background no lse. The ma,jor disadvantage 01 the first approach Is that the bit rate required to characterize the error sI g nal is ~uite hl g h, e.g., nominaLly 7200 baud.

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SRI ll-AUq,-72 1:13 11368 SPEECU DIGITIZATION BY LPC BSTINATION TECHN(QUES - REVrSION A

With 1:he second method, the error signal has its key :f'eatures extrac1:ed such that a much lower bit rate is adequate to represent the error signal. These key ~e~tures are: (1) voIced/unvoiced decision, (2) pl1:ch 1requency, nnd (3) power level . The disadvantage ... ith 1:hls second l1Iethod is that if errors are made In the "feature extraction process serious de.!(radation 0"1. per£orl1lo.nce _lll result. Un1 ortunately, it is relatively easy for these errors to result in the presence or common disturbances such as audio back@round noise., phone Line sianal distortIon, a.nd muLtipLe speakers . Thus, a lI!IaJor g oal in voice dil(ltizatlon research .us1: be to Investi g ate alternate methods of error si g naL chll.racterization that perml1: low bit rates but are more immune to practicII.l probLems such as backRround noise~

As exa~pLeB o~ some possibte approaches consider the -toLl.owing concepts~ First, one might compare the magnitude of the error signal with II. threshold leveL. Those error samples that exceeded this leveL would be characterized by poLarity, magnitude, and location. With thls approach it is possibLe ~o represent muLtiple pitch pulses per analysis period and there Is no chance o~ faiLure In pitch deterndnatlon .. As an alternate approach one mi g ht consider encoding the error sl@nal by some form ot extreme sampLing .. That Is, the error sIgnaL would be encoded only i t it represented a Local maximum or mini.u~. Each o~ these approaches as well as others Must be Lnves~igated with respect to their per~ormll.nce as a function o~ various para.eters such as threshold level, quantization accuracy, and number of bits permitted tor error Si g nal charact er ize t ion~

The DutpU'tS from this task wi 11 be an improved algori thm -tor error signal characterization, it.udio 1:lI.pes demonstrating performance in the presence o~ background noise, an estimate of the improvement obtainable, and a recommendatIon whether the improved aL go rithm should be employed 10r asynchronous transmissIon. The effort wilL be documented by a report and a Listing of the compu1"e r

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The Initial phases o f this effort _iLL be devoted to n on-real time simulation on SRI's PDP-tO ~acitlty. Close coordination wiLL be maintained with Culler-Harrison, Lincoln Laborll.tories and 'l'ashin g ton Universi1:y with respect to the real-time ~easlbitty o~ the proposed ntgorlthms~ The t"ecomRlended algorIthm, tl.ssuming an accep-tabte one is "found, "ill be demonstrated in rell.l time II.t Wash ingt on Unlversity~

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SR[ l1-AUG:-72 1:13 11368 SPEECH D1GITIZATION B Y LPC ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES - R.EVISlON A

c. Process ModelinM

AutoregresBiv~ models have been used to represent the voice process In the LPC approaches pursued to date. The advo.ntaf:{e of an autoreg resslve model i s that the desired paramet{"rs can be determined by solving a linear set 01. equations. The disadvantage is that the I!1ssGciated transfer ~unction cor r esponds to aD all-pole ~ilter . Thus , zeros In the power spectrum cannot be precisely modeled but must be approxlfDated hy several poles . A per~or~ance degradation ~ay resuLt, partIcularly for nasals, and the dimension o~ the predictor (the number of samples sto red ) will be

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Ry usin g a mixed autore g ressive-moving a v erag e ModeL it is posslble ·to represent ze ros precisely. The d _isadvantage of

t his approach 1 a tha t de terml oa tJ on o~ -the desi red par ameters i s !Dore complex than s imply solving a set o.:f 1.inear equations. Uowever, recently techniques ho.ve been developed 1:.0'1" solVing these nonlinear equo.tions and. It is necessary to determine the J'eo.aJbiLity 01: using tbem tor voice 8igna~s. Thus, it is proposed to inveatigate ~he compu-tatio_nal feasibiLity and assess tbe voIce quallt:y associated with mixed autoregressive- moving average modes.

The outputs for -thIs -task wlll be a recommended computational algorl-thm for accommoda ting zeros In the process model , an estima-te o~ tbe computatIonal increase associated with this al g orithm, a. nd a reco~lIIendatlon as to whe ther this approach should be pursued. [ ~ the app r oach is de-termlned to be computationa~ly feasible, audio tapes of

the voice q uality .. ill be g enerated . ( ·f improved quality Is obt:ained, consideration wl1tb edevoted -to real - time proceBslnjl; in coordination _lth LIncoln Laboratories, Culler- Harrison , and WashIngton University. rt the approach is feasible , a goal Is a real-time delllons 'tration 1!1t: the Washing ton Univ ersity facility. This e~fort will be document:ed by a report and a listing o't computer prog rams.

D. Silllpll:f lcation o:f the Gain CalcuLat~on

The p resent technique s :for evaluating the g ain parameter require approximatety 90~ 01 the synthesizer computations. Of the g ain parameter calculat i ons roughLy one hal't are necessary 10r the output synthesis operation and tbe other halt are used specifica1.1.y for ohtu..lnln s the correct power in the output signal. Thus, it mi g ht be possible -to reduce the number of synthesizer computations by approxil1lately

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SRI 11-AUG;-72 1:13 113&8 SPEECH DIGITIZAT I ON BY LPC ESTUIATION TECHNIQUES - REVISION A

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45~ , J~ one could develop More e~flc l e nt power se ttin g a 1 g o r I t hills ..

Hy way o~ exaMple, one approach recog nizes that if the synthes izer were driven by the true error si8na1 there would be no problem In seLcctin~ the 8 ain , I.e .. , unity g ain would su.fflce. However, the -true error signal Is not normally employed at the syntheslzcr and thus it I s neccssa ry to adjust the power leve l ot the drivin g 1'unct l('Jn. I f th~ powe r teve -l of the driving ~unctlon were set equal -to -the power level o:f the e .rror signal, then an approximate motch between the true sI g nal and the syn-th es lzer output powers would r es ult. Whi Ie thls matching would not be perfect as In the conventional approach, It nevcr-the\ess might be adequate to sa tlsi'y the Listener.

The Clbove app roach or related oncs only make sense i 1 a computationally cf.ficient method can he .found for determinln~ the power In the e rror sI g nal. FortUnately, based on SO llie :fundamental resul -ts 01 l eas t squares pred iction theo ry, it Is poss ible to simply evaluate the power in the error Signal wlthou-t expressly calculatinH: the error slanal Itself. Thus, a very sill,ple computational app roach i s available and the nu .. be r of co.putations in the synt h esizer can be reduced hy approxireate ly 4S" ..

It Is proposed to investIgllte the abo ve and other related approaches to reducing the numbe r ot cOMputations In the synthesizer. Si nc e these approaches wIll result in only an approximate power ma tch, It will be nec essa ry to assess

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Thf" outputs troll! this task wJ lt be 1\ recommended app."och for ga in calculation simpllvlcatlon, an estimate of -the computa1.ional savings, audio tapes 01' the re s ul ting voIce qua 1 j ty, an c1 a r ecomm enda tl on as 'to whe ther thi s a.pproach s hould be adopted. This In:formfl.tlon will be docullaen1:ed In a rcport. 1dS

It I s expecte d that th~s work will he pe rform ed entirely at SRI. If a s llccessful r esult is obtained, this a1gorlth. will be inco r po rated In -the simulat ion ef~ortB per1'ormed under the other tasks . 7d6

Comparis on o~ Toeptitz versus Non-Toepll t z For~ So luti o n s

'rwo basic app roaches to the deter.lnation of the lInear predjctive coe~~Iclents (LPC) have heen pursued . WI th one

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SR I( 11-AUG~-72 1: 13 I 1368 SPEEC H DIGTTTZATION BY LPC ESTIMATION TECI:IJrHQUES - REVISION /It.

F.

o~ these approaches , determIne the LPC ' s

the m~trix that must be ~nverted to is assumed to be Toeplltz i.n ~orm,

i.e., the d~agonats maintain constant value independent of the row. The advanta ges of this approach are that Jnversion 01 the ~a~rIx Is computationaLly much simpLer and that stab ILIty 0"1 the .recursive fItter is g uaranteed. The disadvantages are: (t) the nojse se n s it i vity o ·t the matrix inversion rout.ine is not well Understood, and (2) the "aveform is not as welt predicted as 1.t is with the non-ToeplJtz form solu tion.

Wit h the non-Toeplltz form solution the matrix o:f covarlanc~ coefficients has varIable ent ries alon g the diag onals. This occurs as !L result ot the least squares p redIction error 1ormulation ot the problem over a finite blOCk of data. The advantag es 01 th I s approach are that an optimaL waveform reconstruction p rocess occurs and ~hat the noise sensitivity o~ the matrix inversion routine is .e~l known. "[he dlsadvan tages are that the matri x inversion routine requires a substan tia 1 amou nt o"f computation and that the resulting r ecursive £1 LtcI' may be unstable.

S ince both approaches hav e advantages and disadvantages , It is di1ficult to recommend one lI.l)proach . [ n addi tion, there are several versIons at each b a s ic approach. Furthermore., the true pe rfornance measure 01 voice quality requires subjective listening . Thus, it is proposed to per10rm subject ive listenin g tests 01' promLBing ver sions of' hoth Taepl i t z and non-Taepil tz tY1H~ solutlons. Partl cular attention will be devoted to the e1~~ct of asynchronous tranBmiasion on performance o~ both app ro aches.

The outputs 1ro~ this ~aBk will be audio tapes demonstrati n g the voice quality obtaInable by the two basIc app roaches and a recommendatIon as to which one I s mo re desirable. The e"f f ort wIl l be documented by a re port and listings ot the cOl!llputer programs . [t Is pla.nned to perform this ef:fort 1n coordination with Li ncoln L!\boratorie s and Bolt, Beranek , and Newman. [n the inltlu.l phases, the sl11lulat lons witt be run in non-re al ti l"lIe. ReaL-time pro g rammlng efforts "J ll be restri cted to the better performin g approach and will be demonstrated at Wa s hlng ton University.

[nnovat:ions Representation

The innovatIons rep re se ntation of random p rocesses permits opt-imal fItterIns: a n d predIction "'hro ug h the use of a

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SRI ll-AUG:-72 1:13 11368 SPBECU DJGITJZ.ATJON BY LPC ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES - REVISION A

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causally Invertible inverse ~itter. Thus, it offers a si_pte conceptual and cOMPutational app r oach to ~llterlng problems . The innovations approach mAY be thoup:ht of a9 II.

generallz.ation ot the state - space (Kallllan fitter) (IIpproa.ch to estImation 01 rando.. p r ocesses . rt is reasonable to expect that this g ene-ra ll z.ed viewpo lnt may lead to a more usetul .odel to r representation or the voIce waverorm. ThuB , .It is proposed to investl "a te the ability of the innovation representation ot II. raodom l:J rocesB ·to yield a more use~ul model or voice s.1t:n als .

The output 'from this task wltl be a conclusion as 1"0

whether the innovations re p r esentation ClLn reduce the compututional load or improve voIce quail ty (based on a theoret.lcal study). This conclusion wJll be documented in a report. It is expected that thIs errort will be performed entirety at SRI. If pro.lslng r esults ~re obtained, appropriate coordination wit-h other contractors will be e~:tected.

S ummary

"aJor etllphu.sl,s will be gi ven to the 'first three tasks (A, 0, und C) since these represent lhe most promiSing techniques ~or im p rovin g the performance o~ voi ce dlRIt Izot ion techniques based on adapti ve es timation concept-s. At presen t the second tllree tasks (0, S , and F) appear to be o~ lesser promise and consequently _il l be

g iven considerably less emphasis . However , It the Initial e .f .forts on any 0:1 lhese items show Ptlrticulo.r promise, the concentration o~ ef£ort yilt be o.pproprltltely redistrIbuted. Of course, each ot t he tasks are closely re"loted in several ways and these rel tltions will be reflected I n the performance of each task. 1'h~ proposed lovel o:t task e .1':lort Is ~s tallows:

I. Asynchronous opera.tlon , 10 man 1III0n lhs

2. E rror sljlnal characterizatIon, 6 tIIan mo n the

Process modeling , 4 man .onths

4. Slnrplltication 0:1 {ttLln calculation , 1 man lIIIonth

5. Comparison 01' Toepll tz. versus oon- toe p li tz :forms , 2 m(lln rIIonths

6. Innovations representation, 1 Plan month

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S RI 11-AUG~-72 i: 13 11368 S PEEC H nlGITl ZATION BY LPC ESTHfATION TEClHOQUBS - RE VISION A

Bach task, with the possible exception ot number 6, wIlt Jnclude p r o.@ r _tning 81'101'1:9 tor alg orithm evaluation on s elected s p eech waveforms. In order to .. ake t hese efforts ~ore ef1'lc l ent, a co .. ~on prog rammin g effo rt wilt be undertaken to Inteurate the varJous capabilitIes no .. avaIlable as separate pu.ckages or the PDP-I O . The result wLl l be a.n In-t e@rated tnter-active syste. that wIlt si g nificantly experiite a.l g o rlthnl testing. 7g2

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SIB l1-AOG;;-72 1:13 11368 S PB FCR D I Gl1'JZATION" BY LPC ES TIMATION TECH.NIQUES - il.E V[SJON A

IV. STATEMENT 0(1' WORK

SRI will provide the necessary englnccrl n a and clerical ~anhours and facilIties to acco~pl l Rh the ~oltowlng tasks.

Task 1

Jnv estLaa te the advantag es and ll~ltatlons associated wl~h the operation of promisin g L PC dL ~ltlzatlon techniques In un asynchronous modf'!.

Task 2

InvcstLp:tlte new approaches tor characterizin g the e rror s i pnl:l1 which require modest hit rlLtes and which ofl.er

improved per~ormance In the presence 01 back g round noise

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Inve s tl g ote the computational fea s lbillty and voice quaIL ty perLo rRla nce aBsocla ted w1 th ntl xed autore ~reBBlve-~oving averav.e ~odets (i. e ., explicJt inclus Ion of zeros ) 1:or voIce signata .

Task 4

Investl q ute by computer simu lation the _feasJbllity of

si~nillcantty r educing the number or cOMputations associated with determi nin g the ((!tin parameter at the

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Task 5 8 11. 5

Inve s tigate by compute r simulation the comparati ve voice quality obtainable ~ ro. approaches based on Toeptltz and non-Toeplitz ~orms. 8 11.511.

Task 6 8 11. 6

Jnvesti g ate th e applicatIon 01 Innovation r epresentations to voice signal made lIne with the go at

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oj' simpll'1'yi n @ compu1:ations and/or improving perfO'f"mance.

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(JltJ68 ) 11-AUG-721:13; T it le: Author(s): Stan10rd Resetl. rch fnstltute/SRI; Dist rihutl on: Pegg y M. Karp/PMK; Sub- Collectlons : SRJ; Updates Document(s ): 11191; Clerk: LLL; Ot"l~ln: (LANE)N.AG fLL.NLS; 1, 1 t-AUG-72 1: to LLL ;

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LSC 11-AUG-}2 10:34 message to the assis t ant edjtor 01 the sigar t newsletter ~

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(Jll J 7 2 ) ll-AUG-72 10: .34 ; Title: Author(s): L. S te phen Col es/ L SC ; Dis-trlhut. ion: Richard E . Fi kes" L. S tephe n Cotes/REF( rsvp) LSC; Keywords : lI. rtl1Jclal intellJ gence ; Sub- Co llections: NI C ; Clerk: LSC;

FAY 'I-AUG-J2 iO:40 11373 s ample Journal session

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1.1-AUG-72 10:4 0 ; Tit"le: I Jl1373) Nellat e/FAM; Dls-t,..lbutJon: Prances A. NJC; C lerk: FA";

FAM ll-AUG-72 10:40 11 3 7 3

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rn:tro.-clnss Eu"ther l a

1 .. 1 Order Priml::lta

t~l.l Suh-order Tiarsil

1 .. 1.1.1 Tarsus (TarBer)

l .. t.2 S ub-order Prosl.ll

1~1.2.1 TupaLa (Tree shrews)

1.1 .. 2 . 2 Lo rJ s (Lores)

I. t. 2.3 Peredloctucus ( pottos)

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1.2 Order Cetacea

1 .. 2.1 Suh-order Odontocctl

1.2.1. t Physe1er (Sperm whale)

1.2.1. 2 Dolphtnls (Dolphins)

1.2.1.3 Orclnus (Killer whale)

1.2.2 Sub-order Nystlceti

t. 2 . 2 . I Bu.laeenneptera (Rorqual)

1.2.2.2 Slbbaldus (Blue whle)

1.3 Order Ar'tJodactyla

1.3.1 Sub-order Sulfo r mcs

1.3.1.1 Sus (Pig)

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1.3.2 Sub-order Tylopeda

Hippo) [Cet j t on, bI g "fat hippo.]

1 . 3 . 2 . 1 Lama (Ltama)

1 .. 3.2.2 Camelua (CaMel) [l'd waLk fl mile ro t' a Co.meLus.]

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1.3.4 statement

fn1 ra-claSs Metatheria

2.1 Order MarsuplalLa

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EW2 " - AUG-7J 11:03 J 131 6 s hort summary

this Is a short summa.ry o:f the things mark and 1 discussed last n 18ht •

new teatures to edit:

changes to the aU~Nent comMand to allow J t to work on all tab fields across the line .

uddition of a copy command or a Nove com.and .

possIble addlt ion ot 8. shll't conlmand

maybe 8. c l ear command

debu & mod.l.:ficatlons :

additions

new echo command to relieve pro&rammer from havin g to do hex-ten conversions.

possible deasseNb ler .

correct Ions

~lx the abort 7'8 ( p r o bl eM known )

lal

la2

la3

la'

lb

lbl

t bi u.

lb1b

Lb2

1 b2u.

lb2b

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E"2 J J -Auc-12 11 :03 J 1376 short summ!l. ry

(JJ1J76) ll-AUG-1211:03; TltLe: Author(s): E velyn Walton/BW2. Dis tribution : Bv elyn Wallon, Ma r k A . Kampe/BW2 ( t h i s I s My JOl.lrnal entry) WAK (Just lor tun); Sub- CoLlections: H I C ; Cler~: EW2;

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J RP l1-AUG-7 2 11: 03 NOTE TO orLL J ONES re. UCS B FILE TRANS FE R

11377

Row's your e~perlmenting with UCS8 g Oing ? I've decided tha-t .tile tran3J'er 0 UCSB is stralg ht:torward and wi It g et to j t sometlrae next week. live also consirlered adding the capabILity t o valJrlete that a si 'te is active be1'ore a user speci:tled Job i s submitted to betch. rill le-t you know haw it warks when it's dane. By th e way, Illy Jaurnllt delivery I s both hardcopy llnrt o nljne now and I've s uccess:t-ull y sent mysel-r messag es. It your delivery Isn't online you should ge t it chana ed.

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J RP 1l-AUC-7~2 Ii :03 11377 NOTE TO DTLL JONES re. UCSB PILE TRANSFER

(Jl13 77) 1l-AUC-72 11 :0.3; Tit te: Distribution: Wi~ llam P . Jones , John Sub-~ollcctions: HIC; Clerk: J RP ;

Author(s): John R . Pi ckens/JRP; R. Plcke ns/ WPJ JRP;

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DeE l1-AUG-72 11:14 1137 8

Let'ter to Joseph Raben, ans"erina X( 11131,)

Dr .. Joseph Raben, Edltor C omputers and the RumanitJes

S tanford Research Institute Aug mentation Research Center 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo I~arkt CalIfornia 9 4025

Queens Colteg e o't the Cl'ty Uni v ersity of New York F lush ing, N . Y. 11367

De a r Joe:

r re_ember very well that raIny Sunday mornin g at LaGuardia (and the aniMated conversation all the way from ~y hotel unt il r rushed out the airport door to catch the shuttle to Boston) . I went home and tuLd Illy kids that they should tlnd En g l ish teachers that can turn them on like that. I enjoyed the tutorIn g that I ~ ot . and 1 really 0.l1li counting on creating an environillent In .. hleh It becomes nlutually adVAntag eous :l.or us to co llaborate.

L' _ not sure about next summer, but I'd bet g ood Money that the en viron.ent wIll e volve within ~ive y e ars. The p robabil ity Is high that our next -tew years wJll see us concentrating mostLy on collaboratinK wIth systems developers , Initi a lly with "software en¥ineers ." ThIs docsn1t have to leave you out, but It would a1':l.ect conslderabl.y the nature n -t

I

what we would ~lnd advan ta- g eous to us. 10.

POI" inst a n ce, consider one 0" the possIbIlIties that you and 1 dl s cllBsed, where you mi a ht turn your energies toward contextual analysis o~ the collaboratI ve communications Ke n erated and recorded (J n full tex t) wi thl" our corn p uter-aug lllented communi ty.

1J e would need to derive fUnctional utility, wlt-hin our w~rkins and/or analytical actlvlti ee, froN the analySis tools lind techniques that you develol>ed; and this would have to be your rlirect Moat (to produce such utility tor us) , not your secondary @oal to be put a~ter developin g thIn g s applicable witbln your area 01 schola r ship.

[~ there were some possJbll lty ~or specific collaboration next sum~er , It would probably be along such Lioes -- I.e. that you would work at applyln a our textual-analysis tools to

Ra.ben /Bng elbart Pag e \

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DeE l1-AUG-7 2 11:14 113 7 8

Le t"ter to Josep b Raben, ansyeri n g xC 111 3 1,)

some usei'ul ends ~or us , .... ithin our wo r king en vi ron llle n t. It

would be l ess likely, a lthoug h o~ somA flnlte po sslb il lty , "that we could usefully ha.rness the p ro g rams your two ilion m i g ht

hav e de v eloped ..

To be cand l d, I would p ut the likelihood that s OlJle thJ n g coul d work out for nex"t summer no hl g h e r than 20" . For the next year or so , our prog ra.llr"de v eLopMent stag es Ilre li keLy to be t o o com p Lex for us to be ab l e 10 accommodate "mi g ratory workers " -- our p lann ing , prolJlotin g , recruitin g , trainIng , and

2b

coordinating (0-1 sto1''f' and p r ojects) look to be very hairy . 2c

But t et's keep jn touch . t d on't k now when y o u'd ne ed a £ I rm sor t o~ c om.lt~ent; we likely wouldn't be able to p r o vide a n y t hin q positive AND 'fIrm b efo r e Wa rch o r April. But 1n any e v e nt, 11' you do ma.nage "to swJog throug h the Bay Areu., p Lease count on makln M a combl n ed pro£essionat and ~8mily/ Boc laL visit . 3

Rab en I E n g eLtHl.r t

S lnccrety ,

Douglas C . E n ge l b art, Dir e ctor Augmentation Rese a rch Cent e r

Po. ge 2

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DeE ll-AUG-72 1L: 14 t 137 8

Letter to Joseph Ra.ben , a nswerlng X( 11131,)

(J (1378 ) t l-AUG-72 11: 14, Tltle: Author( s ): Dougtl1s C . E n g elbar-t!DCE; Sub-Coll ect ions: SRi-AWC; Clerk: Orl~ l n: <ENGELBART)RABEN . NLS ; 9 , l1-AUO-72 11:1 2 .. SNP= 7 2 ; .RIP=FL; . LBRJHl=O; .H RM= 7 2 ; .FRM=72; . LFU=2; . SN=O f:f; . PES;

KFB; KFB;.DIR=I;

. LBS=l; . RM=65 ;

.HJournal= " DCE . GDT ;1 2 AUG 72 3 :47AM 11378 n ;

.1J1=IILetler 1 n Jo seph Raben. answer i ng X( 111 3 1, 1";

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DLS 11 - AUG-72 13:18 1137 9 M[S--A GUIDED TOUR

Duane Stone

ASN 559

9 AUG 72

NIS--A GUIDED TOUR

KEYWORDS :

l1ut,nagement in:fromation ays 'tems , Ge n e ralized datu. base mana g e.ent systems., on-line co.put.!n" ayste_s , computer aided decision .aking , data base desipn., cost e"f.Lecti v eness, corporate .anag e.ent

A.BSTRACT:

The his 'tory 01' Mftnft@emen-t in:forlllation Sys1:el'lg (MI S ) is explored, with e-.phasJs on th e pro"llses a nd the problems ... hieh have bee n encountered .In ftttemptln ~ to de'fine and build thcnl. Practlcal g uidelines tor management .ho is seeking to install a WI S are developed. Strateg ies 101' Buccess:tul imp\clllenta1: ion are delinea,1:ed based on analysis 0'1 past :failures. FutUre t.re nds in H.JS development are descr ibed ..

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DLS ll-AUG-72 13 :J 8 11379 NI S-- A GUIDED TOUR

S ooner or la"ter, whether as user , designer or a supplier of da t a everyone will encounter a Managellleo"t [nJ'ornuJ."t ion SYF.lte", (MI S) . The existence 01' such a systent is s-1"111 io deba t e , bowever th e e vidence to support t-"t i s mounting_ Most peopLe will admit thut every or6Eao lz atlon hus some "type oi' 1010rlltat100 syst:em which supports i-ts manag ers even 11 It's onty the secretarial g rapevine.

DurIn @ the JO's individuals began .0 think tha"t .anage",ent might yield "to scientJ1ic analysis. The notIon was g iven support d urin g WW f1 by the military and emeraed in "the 40's a s Operations Research . With the adven -t 01' the CO"puter, many oJ: the standard da ta proceSSin g :functions in both g overnMent and industry we re automated throughout th e 50·s . Durin g the tate 50 's and early 60 's, however the COMpu.or special..lsts beKan to talk about deslg nina and building s ystems th a t would advJ se managers on any problem at- -the touch o~ a button.. Why not; a:fter all J t was bas ed on logi cal e.x-"t e n s ion ot existing technolog y. It cOllIputers can be used to automaTe inventory control, p~ yroll and billing; why not Integ ... ate these separate data base s and p r ovide lIIanagers with timely, accurat e and rele vent Information to aid in decision makin8 ?[7]

After the initla\ euphoria wore o~f and 9ystems analysts settled down t o work, the y discovered iT wasn't s uch a n easy Job. Dat a bases were incolllpatible , computer tools were ClllDbers ome to use, and individual.. data processing empires In pe r sonnel, payroll, fi n ance , etc .. we r e less than coopera tl ve.

MIS is struMglin~ to emerite as a Le a: i timate flel.d 01' knowledg e.(2] Howev e r It is 1ar fro. a science as ma.ny oi' Its p ractitioners would have you believ e. It might more p roperly be catled an area of activIty; althouiCb It has all the tra pp ings of a sc ience .

Special soc i eties have been fo rmed , ex. The S ociety 10r Nanagemont [nto .... at Io n Systems .

Uni v ersi t1 es are creating d epart.ente, ex . the ~J S Resea rch Center at the Unjversity o~ Minnesota.

Th e Journal of the Associa tion :tor Com putlng Wo.c hinery has establlshed a subdivision calted Ila.nagement Da.ta P rocessln g . It monthly revi e ws 15-20 articles which have been published in the Iltera-"ture. (s ee any r ecen t l ssue 01' Compu lin g: R4;lviews )

Publicat ions whlch can be g rouped under the ge neral headin g 01' WIS a r e increas ing . A 1 969 blbllo l/: raphy aoeve a led 400+ a.rticles unde r tbe head ln g 01' Generalized Da.t o. Na. nu. ge ment Systems_ A 1 9 70 blblio g rap hy sponsered by the ~IS S oci ety r e v e Led 2000+ articte8 . [4] One Ls led to helJeve however, that the signa.l to Dolsc ra.lio Is qult e low [ 8 ].

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DLS 11-AUG-72 13:18 Mr S--A GUIDBD TOUR

Flnally ~ a Quick Rcan o~ any soltware trade ma g azine will reveal adver~i~ementB for MI S ' s which can be purchased .

11379

The existence 0:1 the field can be traced t o the earl y i"'petus g iven It by the DOD. Interest In advanced Command aM Con trot systems suppor1"ed millions o~ dollurs o~ research in the early 60 's. A Cu~mand and Control system can be considered functionally equ iv",lent tu u. ftlana(l1t:elllent Intormation system , but with muc h mO're severe des i gn co ns1:rul nts on the rapid update, retrIeval and p re sentation of in~ormatlon .

Ono t lnds in the li. terature as many definItions of a Nanagement ln~ormatlon Systelll as there are bui l ders ot these systems . They can be rou~h1ully classifIed Into three cate Rories; hardware de11nitions, softWare de1'inJtIons and de1'.initions 1'rolll the lIanaa:eMent US8a&e point ot v lew.

The hardWare approach seeks to de1'lne the concept by describin g the m[lSS randol'll storag e, online-terlllinols, CPU size ODd communication networks. This is the easiest and also the most trivial de~inition since the sallie hardware is applicable to m!:Lny other types of sys·te_s which have nolhina tc do w ith WIS.

The sot twar e type of def initi on concentrates on structures of the data base , volumes o~ inlormation, languages , necessary to p rovide access to the data base; Manag ement system.

and the so~twa r e

prJ_arlly the Data

1I0st of 'the recen-t work in the AnS field has been concentrated on ~he data management software portIon o~ the problem.[S} A Data Wanagement Systelll however is no more tban a sophisticated toot 1'or pro @rammers.[6} The h ope Ie that ... l.th these tools the programlller can create a nd modlfy a wrs with greater ease and speed, nnd hence be more responsi v e to the Manag er ' s informution needs. Alt hough a necessary par't 01 any "[5 , this approach carries w i th It the Implicit assumption that 1:bere witl always be a staff ot p rng rammers betweeen the ma.nager and his informt10n system ..

The defJnition oi' a MIS acco r ding to manag eMcnt usea&e Is at the same ti .. e the most pertinent and the most dIfficult. One lIIust tl'lke into account 'the lIIano.ger ll s in-;formation needs and the use to which he wIlt put jnJ'ormatlon retrieved ~rolll a cor porate data bank .. It Is at thIs I)oint that the s'tandard "systems aproach" .fails . RequJre.ents analysis , as ti preludo ~o system desI g n, is next ~o impossible; sincp the _anaBer invariably cannot defi n e his In~ormatjon needs in advance wIth any dea ree 01' con~ide"ce or accu,racy.

ThLs Js not sor'prjslnp, considering the:

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M1S--A GUIDED TOUR

changing organ Izti. t lona t structure . not ha.ve a. comlete reorganization at

diverse analysis needs . Data 1n and sl~niLlcant. The analysis per~ormod

DLS ll-AUG-72 13:1 8

The organLzation tbat least once a year is

01 J1:se l.t is not upon the data yields

11379

dO~S

rare.

the import6nt ln~ormation ~or decision ~akin & . As mentioned enrlier, thIs analysis wilt change from day to day dependina upon the manager's needs at th~ 1:ime he is ~aced with a problem.

Desp ite the problems 01 de11nition tbere are a nu .. ber 01' lZ:e nerally af(reeded upon attributes which a system must ("ossess to be classl:fied as II 1418.

It is most useful, Jndeed a necessity , tor large corporations; where there are several levels of mana~ement and a diversity of coorporate activities . A small organization can be managed by an Jndivi dual who knows his ~e. workers, his custolfters a n d his technology . A r e liable secretary wlth a ~ood fj~lng scheme is all that is ~robably needed ~

In a so~ewhat larger co rporation the in~ormatLon pertinent to a decision typically resides with a :tew individuals. .in this case responses to quest10ns depend upon the availibility 01 I nd l vldual s~

It they are absent tor some reason the r e may be a problem , but -the organization can usually operate with -reasonable etticlency.[4]

Its primary 1unctlon is to serve hl a her level management. Tbe lower and more Bpeci1ic levels of decision making are more easily qLAantl f .1 ad. Midd le mana ge ment problems of new product Lntoduct ion , warehouse ~ocation, changes in plant capacity, production line optimization, etc . can be attacked by linear and dyna~lc progr8~ming .. odels. At the tine or operating level the information needs arop. best se rved by traditional ln~orMation systeMS .entioned earller; which are BPeci:ficatly designed .for tbe portion of the organlzatLon us In .s them.

It must cross organizatlonal boundaries . It should have In its data base In:forllltltion derived trom the personnel , e n g ineerin g , marketin g , Inventory , sales, payroll, etc. departments.

It implles; (consistent wi tb today's computing techn o logy ), an on-line termInal in the manager ' s 0:t11ce connected to a medium-ta-large scale time-shared computer, a gene ral purpose data management software packag e, a relatively easy to learn and use cnnulland lan @u8ii!e ~or accessing the data and a set 0" appl1cations programs which have been speci:tically desl a ned for the using o~ganizatlon. I~ the MIS is su:t~iciently complex that a manag er needs 8 Bta~f o:t p~o~rammers and analysts to obtaIn data ~O~ h~., then the usefulness 0:1' the system as a. direct tool to a mana6;er is severely restricted.

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DLS l1-AUG-72 13:18 11379 M[S--A GUiDED TOUR

Despite 1he problems with definition and the cost associated .. ith a MIS, sys tems o re being instal led every day . Based on past failures and uncessary delays, how can one avoid the p roblem s and pi t ~alls inherent In the Installation 01 0 NIS?

First of all recogn ize that a WIS cannot currently be abso lutely .Jl1stl11ed on the tra.di tional cost el1:ectlvAness basis. Most systeMs that are belng supported by ma.nagement today are an act o:f fai"th ba.sed on the actions 01: coapet ltors. This doeS not Mea n that an analYsis ot the exls"tlng Information systems in the organization shou Id not be undertaken. Without this you have no grounds tor proceedJ n a .

An excellent example 01 such a.n a. nalysls ..tor an hospital Is contained in [3]. The bene11ts ~o be derived from installati o n o~ a computer based Jn~or.atlon system are classi~led as; hard, partial ~I.e savinKs and intang ible. Clearly the wortb o~ such an anlllysls for deciding whether or not to Instll11 Il M (S is det ermined by the percenta g e o~ projected bene~lts in each ot these ca~eaories and the confidence wlth which one can aake the assJ &nments. Even in the e xtreme case where most 0" the benefIts seem ~o fall Into the Jntanaa eable category such an analysis should be undertaken because:

it witl reveal wh>ere da~a collectI o n ef:forts to i lllprove th e a nalys Is should be concentro t e d ..

without it the evalua~ion of the u tility of the systelll a1' t e r in s tallatioo is al.oet impossihle ..

Reco g n ize that the sof tware por~lon ot the eye tern will be more eKpensive than the hardware. A g ood IndIcator o~ this Is the c~rrent World Wide Military Command and Con~rol S ysteM. Its bardware cost i s SlOO,OOO,OOO white its software costs are $122,000,000. There~ore do no t spec i fy a compu~er .anu~ac ture r fl rs t. There are many independent Boltware houses which can be more objective sInce they have no ties t-o hardwar-e. Be convInce d that the Data Mo.nagentent System whIch underlies your NIS is fl.exIble enoug h to a ltow s i go 1 f lcan t chanMes in app lica. tlon prograMS wJ thou t reprog r a..m in " th e data .ana,e_ent system Itse tL.

Plun to Jmplemen~ your system on an evoloutlonary b~81s. Yhe turnkey Approach has been trled many ti_es by the millta.ry always to their detri.ent. Early llaws wi II be uncovered wit-hout major d l srupt l o n to your org anization. Training p roceedu res need to be smoothed out and minor rede si j!n i s th e rule not the exception.

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DLS l1-AUG-72 13:18 11 3 7 9 YIS--A GUI DE D TOU R

Tu.ke advanta g e o:f apptlca.t Lon s pu.cka ges l:t they are avaJ tJ ble. Dut he prepared to spend nlore money u.nd time to g et custom desi g ned

packa@es which meet your needs at the moment. Insist on easy to t.ourn and easy to use command lll.n@ua a es in all a.pplJca.tIon s p ackag es . Don ' t be swayed by arg u . ents that the y wlll introduce inettlcienc Les 101"0 the system.

What are the tren d s :for t uture MI S ' s?

Murry TUrtoll , O.t1''tlce of Emerg ency Preparec(ne ss, E xecutive O.ftices 01 the President g ives a interesting vIew of a possible future UIS.[ S ] His view is ho.s ed on two fundamental ideas:

that ot"j!!anizatjons are :forced Into a hierarchln.l struc1:ure which is rather rl ~ ld and p r ohibits communlca~ion9 .

that indlviduals are ~he best avallible .echaolsm ~or dI9crlmlna~ln a , reorg anizin g and presentinK the portion 01 data needed 10r probleM consideration .

ITe believes that atte~ptlng to a c hieve a " determini s tic" MIS Is not a worthwhile ph ilosophy Inpu-ts, as pr ob telll 0 f

@oat . Be arg ues th~t current MIS ' s are bas ed on the that one can descfOibe a system wi thout re ga rd to t he is the case in most ha .. d BC lences. Considering the prede~inin~ th~ manag er's intormation r e quirements,

seems hl ~ hty unlikely.

data

thI s

Give n these lilllltations it would be better -to pursue means 01 tapp in g tho knowledg e or individuals within an org aniz.ation. He believes that the DELPHI process (when viewed as a communi c ation tool) can be Joined wIth on-line co.putin a technolog y to overcome the communication barriefOs that exist within a hiera.rchial org aniz.ation. He advocates on-line DELPHI cont.erencing as a way o~ 1i1e in ~uture Or8tlnizations, tor -the resolution o.t cOMptex problems that face managers.

An org enization run by the Delph! individual s who can contribute ~o

approach brings to g ether the the soloutlon ot a proble. without

the n e cessity for leng thly committee meeting s or disruption o~ el[isting or p flniz.ationa1 stfOucture. As this method of g athefOin g In10rmation tor decision makin g i6 employed over a pefOiod o~ time, a collect.ive or l!lanizatlonal intetlJ g ence stored within the compu-t e r ehol.1td elllerpe; which would decrease the time and manpower necess a ry tor resolou-t lon 0-1. the next mana g e.ent problem.

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DLS It-AUG-72 13:18 1 t 319 MlS--A GUIDED TOU R

An ~lteroate approach i s taken by Paul Rech. [ 8] tn addressin g the problem of bringin g technical t 'alent to bear on apptlcRtlons projects ('faced by many t" esearch or g aniza tIon s ), he advocates a completely d .I ::f1'erent orga.niza-tJon. Ue calls 11: the "Bl.foca l Ce llular Now Organization", to eJllphaslze )ts dua l foc us ot technological excellence and p r oductive .. ork on real .. orld proble~8, Its cell s tructure and l1:s ability to adapt to tbe set o~ environMen ts at hand. The organization can be pictured as a set o~ co ncentric rings. The outer ring consists of cella ot t echn ical competence. The middle rlnM consists at !loperatlons r esearch" people who assIst In lIIatchlnll the technolo@y to the pl"oble.s.. The inn e r rin a: co n sls t"s 01' applications p r ojec t s which are the r eason :for the ora anization's eJitistence and the measure 01' its success .. Individuats would helon g to a. cell In the "technoLog y ring but would he expected to contrIbu.te their talents to an appL Ic at i on project when needed. Both the technologicaL cells and the appL i cat i ons cells ca.n g row or contract 89 the need arises. since they are hea.ded by temporary leaders ..

This type 01 oraanlzation is in u s e at the Aua .entation Research Ce nter at SRJ .. [4] The purpose ot 'thls org aniZation is two1'olrt; to develop a computer based system to aug ment the Intellectual actIv Ity or indivJduals, g roups a nd organizatio n s a nd to provide aHglllentlltion se rv .ices to " cus tomers" scattered ac ross "the country. Tbere i s no rlflid hieru..rchy in tbe Center's o r ganLza tion. At any g iven ti .. e Jndividuals Nay simultaneous ly ~ ill the roles o£ coordinator, pusher, and worker . Individuals ma.y be in cbarge o~ an appl i cat i ons project, work ina on technlca~ developmen~ o~ a subsystem, and coordi nat in g the york of sev eral others t o make Bure it Lite in form and lu n ction. These roles ore In a constant state 0"1. Llux as technolo g y chan g es and new oppo r~unitie8 ~or applying the technolog y appear .

OL course this ty pe 0"1. approach to organlza"tion oL bus in ess requires ~ h.at communIca.tion bet ween all members 0"1. th e or~anI2.at ion .. ust be at" a high level. Manaaelllen t 0 .1' such an orga.nl.zat ion In the trad iti onal sence o~ control Is next to ImpossibLe. but mana g ement in the Bence o-t g e~t ln K the most 1 rom the indLvLduats employed la " reatty 1acilltated .. The role 01 the manager i s more dl~tlcult than In conventional organizations, since he ~ust be contin ua lly concerned with settins goals and gui d elinea -tor the organization. This is :fu.cilitated howe v e r. by the ready access he has to his worker ' s thinking .. The morale of such an org aniZation is hi g h because the W'o rker s cont ribut e to the Rettin g: 01' ~oals lor the ora an J zatJoo . [t 151 the computer baaed in"f"ormation systom that the Ce nt er Is developing wblch insures that this orf,l:anization works. Wi"thout it one would be hopLessly lost in paper work .

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DLS l1-AUG-72 13:18 11379 MlS--A GUIDED TOU R

Whu.t these "eople on the 1::orefront 01 MrS thinkin g are all sayIng is that .e will have to change our way 01:: dotnM business ir we are to truly take advantase ot the potentlu~ o1::1::ered by co~pute r based InLormatlon systems. Both the individual and the organization must give up , however reluctan~ly, conventional methods of thlnkLna and cQmlltunlcot ion l:f there is any hope 01 solvina the complex problclIIs facing today's society.

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DLS ll- AUG-7 2 13:18 11379 WIS--A GUrDED TOU R

REFERENCES :

1. Barnett , Arnotd. " T r a.ining M6 n agement for Mr S" , Cent r a l New York Chapter of the Association ~o r Systems Wanag:BNlent , (reprint of speech presented 17 Ma r 70).

2. liead , Roher1: V. " The Elusive MIS", DATAMATION, Vat 16, tHO , pp

22-27.

3 . L earruan, 1. "Cos-t Be n e~i t Analysis in the Design and Evaluation o"f Tn1'orm6tlon Systems" , AFIPS CONFERENCE PROCEED I NGS , Vot . 39 , Nove_bel" 1 9 71, pp 469 - 476 .

4. Lindgren, N j to .. "To .. ard The Dece n-tratized Worksho p ll, INNOVATION, #24, Sep, 1971 , pp 50- 60 .

5 . )lI nker, Jack. u Ge neraliz.ed Da-ta Y'anageme n-t Systems - Sollie Pe rs pecti ves" , Uni v e rs J ty o£ Maryla n d Comp u te r Sciences Center, Techni cal Report #69-101, Dec. 1969.

6 . Olle , T. W. " Feature Aualy~is o~ Gene r alized Database Managelllent Systems", CODASYL Systems COlftmittee TechnJcal Report , May 197 1.

7. Pendleton , J. C . "lnt e a r ated InforlQation System" , AFIPS CONFERENCE PROCEEDI NGS , Vol .. 39 , 1971 FlI.ll Joint Compu t er Con£e r e nce, Novemher 19 71, pp 4 9 1-500.

8 . Rech , Paul. " The Bifoca l Ce ll u l ar Now Organiz.ati on ", Shell Oil t

Un publIshed Internal worki ng pll.pe r.

9 . Turoff , M. "D e l phi and It s Pote ntia.l Impact on in:torrnat ion Syst ems ", AFIPS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS , Vol. 39 , 1971 Pa ll Joiut Comp uter Co n :(erence , Nov 1911, pp 3 17- 326 .

Norman C . Dalkey, 1 0rmerly o-t RAND now wlth UC L A Is conducti n g research into -the e1~ectiveneas of the DELPHI technique to elicit ~roup Judgements when the g r oup is usi n g an on-lin e Inter~ctlve

system as the ~ed ium 1' or communicatIon .

Douglas Englebart , 01 SRI 1s developing an interacti v e system to augment the intellect of individuals, groups and organizations to allo .. more e1f'ectl v e decis io n !!faking 1n cottlp l e:x problelll so lVin g envi .ronments. (see appendIx A)

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OLS 1 1-AUG-72 13:18 1137 9 NlS--A GUIDED TOUR

APPEND lX A

This report was p repared In my o:t:fiee, Grif'tiss APD, NY. usin g a computer system at S tanl'ord Research rnstitute, Ven l o Park, Calif . r aTn curren-tly heading an in-bOUse team who is evatuatin g the Au g mented Human ( ntet leet system at Sil l. This system has been develo ped over a number oi' years, under ARP A sponsership, with the g oats 01' makin g a computer use:full 1 n the e veryday ottice eRvl ronmen t.. The in-hOUse eV!:luation is the fi r s t attempt to see if Indeed the system can be use by reLativeLy untrained and unsk illed (io the nrt of usin g a computer) individuals. The eva lua t ion wi 1. l 1 nclu de som e 40 I ndl vidua ls in the [n-to rill at ion Processing Branch ot the Rome Air Develop ment Center. Secetaries, administrators, en g ineers and Ma na g ers 7ill use the system for two years durIn g the evaluation.

Tbe heo.rt of -the system is a subsystem call the "DIalogue S ur, port Sys"tem". I t contaIns an easlly tearned command lan g uag e r or compos in g , edi"t i ng , and p roduc in M documen ts. There i also a message sen ding sys tem (ca l led the uJourna l ll ) which a lto ws one 1:0 send documents, f J1.es and mes Su, ile s to other ind ivIduals or g roups who use the system . The Journal places ft notificatIon o~ a delivered document in the recipent's maLlbox and nu"tom a tlcally indexes i"t by author, number a nd keyword In the title. T hese indlcles are also a v o.ltable on-line f or searching a nd retrieval.

The communIcatI ons 1:0 the West coast are obtained vJn the A RP ANET. The ARPANET is a n asynchronous st ore and for"ard network with some 20 nodes in tbe US and 3 nodes overseas connected by 8a1:ellite. At each of these nodes Is a comput Ing taci 1i ty (or several ). The ne tw-ork a llo ws sharI n g 0 .1 computer resources, .. hether they be hardwl:I.re, soJ'twa re, or people . The AugTnentu.tIon Research Center at SR I was chosen to be the Network Information Cent e r because of th e advanced inforDlation systela descrlbed abo ve. I t i s now possible -for a team ot pe ople worki n g on the same project to do so e:f:fect.lvely even thoug h the y a r e seperu.t ed in tillte and

B pace.

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DLS tl-AUG-7 2 13:18 11379 NIS--A GUIDED TOUH

(J11379 ) 11-AUG-7 2 13:18 ; Tl tle: Author(sl: Duane L. Stone/DLS; D istribution: John L. NcNamara!JLN'; Sub-Co Llections: RADC ; Clerk: DLS; O rl~ln: <STO~E)M I ST.NLS;6 r ll-AUG-72 13:12 DLS ;

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DLS 11-AUG-72 13:38 lJ 3RO CQURSE- 2

Computer AUjjI(mented R S D Planning a.nd Mu n (l. ~e .. en "t

by

DUl\.ne S tone

rntroduct Ion:

Billions o~ dollars are spent annually for R&D wIthin the DOD. Thia Massive effo rt Is aJmed at i.proving existing or de v eloping new; warning systems , comlfland and con t 'rot systems, Weu.ponB systems nnd 'theJr necessary support systems .. DespIte rationa.l flt" g uments 1'Ot" u.

rich a nd v o rl ed RSD pro(t;ram, there Is n. current downwa r d trend in do llars and manpowe r a v aila.ble. This hILS occured ,lor" an number 01

reasons:

The war in Vie tn am has caused a diversion o~ ~undB from R6D to ope r a~ J on al ac t i vi~ les.

The war , shl:tt In

co.bin ed with mounting d omes~lc prlortles away from DOD.

has caused (l

fnflatlon has reduced the ~mount of research nbtalnab~e per dollRr spen t.

R&D projects which have not been co~ple~ely sucess1ul or which have been unduly publi c sc rut i n y y

expensive eg . o- SA ,

hAve bee .D F-l1l.

iocreasin a 1y exposed for

Un less ft major coun ter ~rendy wi ll cont inue

In~ern~tional contlict situation arises it Is expected that resources availab l e

to decline to r some years .

to cause a :tor DOD R&D

On ~he o th e r hand, the l'I r oblelUs which lIIust be 'faced tn deVelopin g weupons systems are beconilIog more compLe 'x . The syBte~s the~selves a r e mo r e complex , le. they contain .ore co~poneDts which Must work ~ngether to r espond fastery No r e aCCUrately , and wLtb grea~er

reliabilIty. The number of ~echnical choices available ~or reallzln ~

coftlponen~s and subsyste.s increa ses dn.lly . The inforlltation available to systems developers continues to p rolIferate. And final l y eKtenslve revle. aod coordInation o~ R&D projects I s required due to the size and complexIty at the DO~ org anization and the requlatl ons which po vern Its behavior .

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DLS ll-AUG-7 2 13 : 38 11380 COUIlSE- 2

A promisIng meal1 8 o~ aVoidins this apparent detema I s b ein g devol oped hy Stan:for d R esearch Ins-titute ( SRI ) In the Au.glOentatlon Research Center~ It is a general purpose computer based sys tera which is u Rod on It. dally basis by all l e vel s 01' personnel in the Ce nter to recor d and document th e ir thoug ht s , plans I,I,nd pro g ress . T he essence of "thI s analYB is Is to exp lore the potentIal 0 1 applying this te chnolo ll: Y to the Air Force ReD co .. munl-ty 80 that the de velop,.ent 01' weapons ftystems may be Improve d .

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DLS ll-AUG-72 13:38 lL380 C OU"RSE - 2

HIe rarchy of Objectiv es:

It is clear that systems d evelopmen t must b('come more cost e:t1'ectIve i~ t he US is to main~uln a credible dete rent ~orce under the con~llct ln il :fo r ces outllned above .. This can be accornpl _isbed in a nu mber o _f ways , as illustrated by ~he hierarchy of objec-t ives i n ~lgure 1.

The subsys~em de v elopment component contributes most to the or gaol smi c obj ec t i ve (i mproved weapons sys tem de v etopmen-t), as iLlus tra ted by the relati v e weight s assi g n ed to each strateg ic objective .. One can ha ve the best system des i g n and i nteg ra.-tion techniques a v ai lib Ie, y et i ~ the basic subsystem tec hn olog y Is in 1'e r .ior, the sys 'l em ,..- 111 :fall short 01' Its pe r fo r ma n ce goa ls.

At t he tactIcal level In round one, the exce l l ence of subsysteM teChnology is Influ n c e d by the re s ources made avai tab~e, ie. doltar s ond manpower, and by the proper mana g ement of these resources. Becaus e o~ the li mitations in dollars and ~anpower mentioned ear l ier, elllphAs i s is bei n g p l aced on the manag ement and p1.annl n g 0-( WE: D in tb i s analysIs .

Fi n a lly at the tactlcal level o f inte.rest i n tbis analysls , a dist rl ~uted COmpu t er- based information system o£ters the mnst potentIal for suppo rting R S D p lanners and mana g ers. Jt wuuld s upp ort all facets o£ information creation, edI tin g , documentation , s torag e , retrieval, dJ.sem ruJ nat i on and communication . Such a system is technIcally lelis i ble based o n r e ce n t advances I n terminals, comp uter hardware and so:ftwtl_re, a n d In computer-t o - comp uter communlcations , ( see appendi x I). Au t omated of~ice eq ui pme nt a n d text editin g equ.i pllle nt would support only the dOCUmen t ation process a n d ..-ould not dlaterlally assist in commu n ica.tin g or u si n g other's intorlll8t100 .

The re l ati v e importance of each le v el In the hi.e r archy to t h e or g an i sm i c objec tive is g iven o n the teft of fi ~ ure 1. Each level was co nsi dered t o he a n ord er of ma g nitude mo ,re imp ortant than the l aye r level. The score u nde reach objec tl ve 1 n the h i erar chy represen1:s the relative importance attached to 00 1: .f u l l fillin g that ob,Jectjve. T h e wei g hted pena l ty is g i v en ou the ri g ht 0 1 -.fi g ure t o.nd pertalns o nly to the p re .fered objecti v e lit eac h level. It Is computed Simply by mu lti plying the sco r e of an objecti v e b y t he we i g h 1. for that level.

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DLS ~ tt-A UG-7 2 13: 38 11380 CO UIlSE- 2

~ea8u reB o~ Pe r ~o rmance:

The per10rma nce 01 the Int e r active in~ormatlon syste. cftn be measured by the I n'lpa c-t it has on th e etJ' Jclency and et.l'ectlvenl'Ss of th e planners and mana g ers who use it. Et':riclency can be measured directly by keeping l ogs of th e numbe r or manhours required by

e n g ineers, .anagers, administrators , a n d sec r e tari es to prepar e each vers i o n o f a Bpecl£ic p tan. The ~lme t o respond with a ptan can also be noted l'o r eac h IndlvLdual or org anizatIonal unil. The q ualit y o"f tl p i a n can be measured directly by not ln g t he numb e r of revis! ons r equir ecf u t t er each r e vlew. The seriousness 01 th e r e vIsion can be r a nke d o n a sC Ale t r om one to five . Two di r ect measures can be ~ade by not inf:l the " of pLans ftl'p roved by Hq aSAP and the ~ or fu n ds request e d 'that were ac tual ty recel ve d .

A ~oneral r educ ti o n I~ e n g ine e ring tiMe spent on travel , brie~ings ,

docu~entatlon produc tion, and p r ocurement ac tiviti es i s also expected from dally use a t t he systeR! . A data sheet I s r equired -t o document ti~e spent on these activlties .

These measu r es can be made for two s i m ili8.r R&D g 'r o u ps o v e r th e same ti l:lle period and 10 1" the saMe g rou p Itt dlfterent tl lae pe riods . I n

each cas e th e control g roup will us~ conventl~nal o ~ fjce equ ipMe nt and proceedures while the expe ri me ntal ~ roup wIll use th e int e r ac tiv e computer system to aCCOMplish their work. Co~parigons can then be

lIlade between the two g roups to determine the deg re e 01 chan a e in the mf'lasu r es ..

Th e performance 01' the weapons eys t et" de v e lopllIen t can be measured by t he numb er o~ weapoo sys~ems that 1 ftit to Mee t ~hc ir pe r fo r man ce o r cost Moa l s . The serious ness o~ the ~a ilure ca n be ranked on a scal e by hi g h l e v el rnanusemen~ . T hese data wilt ho.v e t o be co llec-t ed over a number 01 ye a r s t o de tec -t any chang e' JI Wf'tlpons sys-tem fa i l lLres .

Althou gh made, it

th e proposed me a s ure 0:1 weapons Hyste m. perfo rmance should be is not a prac tical one wh i c h would be helrJtul I n persuadin g

.anage~ent to ins t all a n expensive and compl ex in fo r mation system . PLanners at Al I' S taLf a nd ot-her hi gh level8 who al u s t app r o v e such a proj ect a re No re r eadily jn~luenced by di rect sa vin g s in man power or dollars .. With the squeeze on Jaanpowe r, the R&D com!ll\lI\lty In the 0\. 11'

Fo rce has reduced its support to the scientist/eng inee r; ie . li b r ary sta:tl, p rintIn g a nd repo r t p r oduct i o n, s ecre1"arlal , e t c , in an ef~o r t

1"0 r eta in as ma ny t eCh nica l peopLe liS poss I ble . This has had th e e-tfect 0"1 placing More nonproductive Job s on the e n g ineer, with a r esu ltant loss in time a v a ill b te "for technical acti vit y .. Fo r these reasons the r e mainder o~ ~he a nalysis wlll concentr a t e on potential manpower savin gs that could he expec t ed from I nstall a tion o~ the proposed d i s tribut ed information Byste~.

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DLS ..11 - AUG-72 13:38 t 1 38 0 CQORSE-2

Analysis!

The amount of ~anpower savin g s that could be expected to result ~rom installation o~ the information system depends upon the job profile of the people in an org aiz ation and the de g ree to which the proposed system supports individuals in the dit~erent kinds o~ work they do. A recent survey was made o~ the In~ormatlon Processin g Branch at RAD e (42 people) in whlch engineers and manag ers were asked to estlAlate the ~ o~ time they spent in different cate g ories o~ work . The results ClOre depicted In 'fi g ure 2. Job ca 'tegories 2 , 3 , 5 . 7, 8 , and 10 are the ones most likely to be e~1ected by the proposed system and represents 62* of the total work time of the org anization.

[n1'0I"m8tlon :from SRI resea, rch (1) IndIcates a 75 " reductlon In report writin ~ and production time 'fr01'll a month to a week. In addi"tion the 1inalreport was compiled to a g r e at extent by teChnical writers and clerical help 'from Instruction s g iven them by the en g ineerIn g sta1t. Si nc e the category 2 Job J s primarIly one of pap er work, a s l ml110.r reductlon could be expected . The time spent in preparing for and t:dvlng -forma't britd' ings Is reduced p 'ractlcally to 0, since brie.fin g s are given us _in @. tite s in the sys~em and using a c ,rt display. CombInIn g the above percenta g es wj th the job profIle .tor the branch yields a po~entlal manpower savings of 31 ~ ~or the three job cate g orics in quest .lon. There are app roximately 1100 people in RADe . 800 who are scientific and technical types. Allowin a: 6 weeks f o r

'he annual, sicl~ and holiday leave; there is a possible savin g s 10 center 01 45,600 manhours per year.

Additional manpower savIng s can be expected from a reduction in travel. ~o other Alr Force R &D org anIZations tor briefing s , coordinatIon meetinGS , etc.

Addltlonal manhou.rs are expected to be g ained 'from an increase in mutlva"tion on the job. The typical RADe eng ineer spends so much of his time in nonproductive Jobs that motivatatioD to do a g ood job on thl1 technJcal. llSpccts of hIs work lessen s . He becollles -t't"ustrated and bored. Studies h ave correl.&ted this .. ith absenteeisnl, alcholJS IB, and hI g h tu 'rnover rates. Th1s dec _reases the number of technical rnanhours actually availible, while some or the people will be sa"tlstied with a .. inimal amount o :f produc1"lon. At SRI the opposite has been noticed. Many of the technical types 'freety contrlbu~e 2 0-30 add itional ho~rs per week to the job because they feel a sence of accomplishment and prog ress. There Is no way to estimate how well this will carl"y over to the proposed AIr Force systeTll, but i1 it does , additional manhours Dre beln~ @alned.

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DLS l1-AUG-72 13:38 1138 0 COURSE-2

The sRvlngs in manpower could be interpreted in tWQ ways. The work :force could remain the same and 25'-' (a conservatJve es timate reduced £rom 31,-,) o~ theIr time on the average would be made avaIlabLe £or persuint! technical objectives of the u r g anization. On the other hand. with current Reduction in Force actions, The tLu g lJlented work :force would be able to handle the same Job even thoug h it had been reduced by 25'-' _ 01 course mixes 01 these two ex~remes are possible.

The cost o£ a system can be estJmated by directly scaling the current cost o~ SRI's system. The cost, including hardware, mai ntence. so.Ltware, people and communications Is $500 ,000 per year. (2) A llser popula1:10n of 100 (40 at SR I and 60 via the ARPA Network ) is serviced. (3) Thls means an expenditure of $5000 per person per year or a total increase .:for RAOC 01 .$5 , 500 ,000 pe r year. To p ut thIngs 10 perspective this is approximately 4~ of tbe annual budge~ ~or salaries and contracts at RADC.

This estimate represents an u ppe r bound 10r a number reasons . SK J is a basic: reseftrch organiz.a-tion and as such uses the computer tor at least 5o" of the tilJle tor developmental purposes which places a much heavier load on the system than would be expected with "normal" users. E1.f iclencies Cftn be rea.lized by reprog rammin g the executive system , controller, and the Job prograNS to altow an increase in the number ot g1.u11:aneous users served. The si7..e of the on-line population can be increased by taking some of the users o~f-line. Finally, economIes can he realized by the size of the system pu r chased (approximately 10 tImes as larg e as SRI's). These econo.les ml~h~ be negated however by the necessity to p rovide more redundancy In the system to improve Its availabIlity .

A reasonable lower bound ror system cost is $3 ,000, 000 considering the current developmenta~ computer which serves the cen~er for apprOXimately $ 1,000,000 per year in prllJ1arl. ly an off-line mode.

The cost SQvin8S associated with the system can be calculated in ~wo ways;

installation 01 the p roposed either by equa~jn g it to the

Manpower saved (no lon g er necessary) or by estimatin g the valu e of the additional eng ineering time g ained. The firs t approach rel)rCsen ·ts u nl 7,000 , OOO a.nnual savings plus 80 ,,,e reduction in the size and therefore the cost 0" -the computer re qul.red. Since this is an economically depresed area , it is not adviseable that the RAD C commander initiate this proposal. It: should only be persued if reductions in workforce are I mposed :from higher headquarters.

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Dl,S 11-AUG-72 13:38 11380 CQURSE-2

If there is no reducti,on In :force then savings can be expected from two sources . These are re la~ed ~o the timely award o~ con~racts and t h e nona .. ard o:f contracts which. were not really nee ded. In the fir~t

Instance , R&D project's are frequently Clo r e costly than necessary because they are stretched out over a lon ge r pe riod than necessary simply because the paperwork required to ge t a contract takes ft lon g t1me to p rocess (the average RADC contract takes 8 months from

Inltla~lon 0'" the paperwork to award o:f the cont ract). In the second case, con"tr8ct s 01 a clup llea ~i ve 0 r unneeded nature are aw a rded simply because the env;Ineer Is unaware 0-£ simi LIar work underway within the Center or other AI r Force installations. The amount o:f savings to be expected by avoldln~ these two plt:talLs Is dl~lcult to estimate, but wouLd have -to be at least $5 ,500,000 per yea.r to ,justI1'y the instal.atlon 01' the system.

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DLS Jt-A UG-72 1 3:38 11380 COURSE-2

COnc.lUB ion:

The original hypothesis that the effec tiveness o~ the devetop~ent o~

weapons systems could be increased by the Instalta:tLon 01: a dIstributed .information system was not verified nor was it rejected. Two major probLelfts emerged during the analysis; -the measure at effectiveness for the system objective was nut readIly available and rather Insensitive to Bubsystea perto.-manee and the data which s~pported ~he analysis was based tor "the mos"t part on extension ot small sampLes ob"to.lned trom an environment Which is not known to be typical of the Air Force KSD community as a wbote. Two potentIal proulems in actual~y implementing the proposal were not addressed, Le, data security Ln this largo sys1:eN and thl'! probLems o::f 1:ralnln 6!: ond educat in a the ALr Force personnel in the use ot the system.. One thln ~ did become cLear however, tha1: the system should only be seriously considered by the Air Force at this ~ime I ~ they have to reduce the number 0"1. people In flSD for SOPIC reason .. S ince this is apt to occur as a gene ral cost savI n g measure, there may not be ~unris

avel lable :for computers el ther.

R eco .. menda t lon8:

The proposed system shows enough promise o:f dollar and/or manpow er savings that J t should be instalted on an e xperimental basis wjthin an Air Force lab . An experiment should be conducted over a retlSlonable length o~ tIme , usIng a representative tHL .. ple ot people, pertorming thei r e veryday jobs in order to determine:

the extent ot traInIng required -to reach a level of profIciency In system use

the actual ~ of tIme spent be assisted by use o:f the

in var .lous system

Job categories which Ni ght

the reduction in time and manhours tn accomplIsh a numbe r ot typical but slgnl~lcant reoccurlng tasks.

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ULS ll-AUG-72 13: 38 1138 0 COURSE-2

(Jl1380 ) ll-AUG- 72 13:38 ; Title: Author(s): Duane L4 S 'tone/DLS;

Ois trJbutJon: John L . YcNamara/JL!lj Sub- Collect ions! RADe ; Cler k: DLS ; O rl Qi n! <STONE>COURSE.NLS.l, ll-AUG-7 2 13:36 DLS ;

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WLB tt-AUG-72 14:11 Specl:ficatlons l'or the JnteT'connectlon ot an ARC and u. DD S I

11382

These are the specs wh i ch 1 have sent to DOSI re ga rdin g the Jni1.1at lnterface hetween the NLS Ou t p ut Processor and DDS1 ' 9 COMp80 service. It's not two tate to change anythin ,w; that's really bad , but you ' ll have to convince me that any chan g es you s u g¥est a re realty c rltlcal at thls time. -- Walt

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WLB \1-AUG-72 14:11 Speci.£lcations ~or the Interconnec"tion oJ: an ARC a~nd a DDSI

11382

'I'his document is pursuant t o a meetin g held at DDS1 (L()9 An g eles) on 2 AU{lUs-t 1972 to discuss specJ1'ieatlOlls 1'or inter:facin g the NLS Output Processor to DDSI 'g COMp80 service . Attendin g this meeting were Walt Bass, Mark Brown, and Paul Johnson. The prIne lpal. poInts dlac'ussed we re: 1

C()nventions j'or simplifying the user in-ter:face to the COMp80, so that the user can access the power.tul capabILIties of the COMp80 without hHving to cope wIth the machine's :full generalIty. la

Spec1.flcatioos :for the lan guage Interfacin g the Output Processor to the COM p SO.

Standards 1ar !IIagne-tlc tape formatting .

User rnter:tace

The COMp80 provIdes a great deal of f'texibility -tor s p eci-fyin g pasitions , character s izes and spacing s, --tonts, spot si.-ze and 1ntenslty, etc . It is my sense that g Ivin g all thI s "power" to the g eneral user would be counterproductive In that ~he user would be likely to end up ge tting involved in lon g design cycles, ~ryin& to optimIze all the variables so as to produce 8 sought-a~ter document £orlnat.

What j have sought to do is to spacl~y 10r the user a slmpli~ied subset 01 the full CQMp80 capabilIty which _Ill enable users -to easily and reliably ge t dOCUMents p roduced without ex'tenslve debugg in g 0:1 Output Processor directi v es. This SimplIfied subset bas tbe folla_lng characterl~tics:

The user will view the COMp80 /:I.S a. machine Lor cOfllpos.lng B 1/2 X 11" pages (any of these specs . may be g eneralized In

lb

lc

2

2.

2b

the future, but until we ge t it working ••• ). 2b1

The user will have the unit "points" avail-able f()r speclfyin@ physical dimensions such as character s ize. A "poJnt" is 1/72 Inch, and the pag e will have n coordinate system in which (Ot O) is the upper le~t corner of the page and (612, 7 92 ) Is the lower ri g ht corner . 2b2

The user w1l. l specl1'y the character sIze and basic line spacing usIn g a single number which wi 1 l be re fe rred to a.s the "Character:- S izc tl - an inte g er In a ran g e yet to be determined, which is the number of points be~ween the bo~to~s o~ two successive lines of text -- e . g ., a 12 poiot character size bas 72/l 2 = 6 lines per incb. ODSI will a.ccept responsi blll ty 1'01' c on ve rtin g our " Charac ter S l ze l1

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WLB l1-AUG-7 2 14:11 SDeciflcations for the Interconnection ot an ARC and a ODSr

11382

parameter Into the COWp80 character s I ze spec I ficatio ns needed to produce the des ired r esults in the ~lnal p rod uct (l . e ., after blow-up 1rom the mlcro~ilm Into delivered hardcopy .

The CONp80 o _tfer~ 8 line widths (CRT spo t sIzes) and 8 int e nsity levels . ~ark Brown has indicated ~hat of the 64 charHcter densities which It.re thus possible , pe rhaps 8 or t6 could ftct.uo.lly he distinguished in a final offset-printed product . r~ is my teeling that only 3 o r 4 densitJes would actually prove to be ot gene r al use , and I p r opose to o~fer the user only the toll owing options: LIght, M.edlum (Normal), Bold, and Dark ( Extra Bold ). DDS[ has accepted responsibi 11 ty fo ,r de termi nin " "the COMpBO settings which wIll produ ce the des ired et1'ects In the flnut printed documen~s so ~ha t we (ARC ) don't have to worry about dlddling with the COMpaO hardware .

Ou~p~t Processor I COMpaO Interface

The Output Processor (OP ) wItt produce ~ sequen~jat fl~e

co nsjstln~ o~ 7-bit bytes, packed 5 t o a 36 bit word, l eft-Jus~ i:fied (Low- order bIt Is wasted). This sequential :lile wl.l\ be copied to -tape as per the specJf'lcatlons 10 the ~ollowln~ section for transmiss ion to DDSi.

The by1e s treaffl w1l1 be punctuated hy command bytes, e ach o~ whJch may be followed by argument bytes whAn appropritLte . The commands to be imp lemen ted 1'1r9t a r e :

= : Output Line SeElllleot

= 2 : New Pafolle (llIdvance _frll.me'

= J Output Plctu~e (to be imp Lemented lat e r)

= 4 End 01 Docu~ent (Any mark on the tape are to be

by tes be twee n i gno r ed )

th is and the EOF

The Output Line Se@ftlen~ cOIII.and byte Ls 1'ollowed by these araumt'lots:

y-coordinate o~ line segment ( 2 bytes)

Thls I s the y-coordinate (In poInts) 01 the base-line or the characters to be printed In the tine-segment -­I.e., th e lin e on whIch the u ppe r case l e tte rs rcst .

x-coordinate o~ le_f~ _rgin 01 line segment (2 bytes)

2

2bJ

2b4

J

Ja

Jb

Jb l

3h2

31>3

3b4

Je

3e l

lc l a

Je2

)

)

'LB l1-AUG-72 14:11 Speciflca~ions 10r the interconnection of an ARC and a DDSr

113B2

This is "the x-coordioa~e (in points ) oj' ~he left edg e 01' the lef~most character posl~ion In the line seg~ent.

x-coordinate 01 rl~ ht margl n o"f LIne se g ment (2 by~es)

ThI s is the x-coordinate (in p oints) 0'( the ri ght edge of the rightmost character position in "the line so gment.

The x-coordinates wi II actually address the posi tion which lIes between two adjacent character pnsitions --1. e . , value

the x-ri g ht o:f one line segment may have the same

us the x-t eft of the ~ollowing line segMent.

Justi1ication Code (one byte '

o : Se~ l.ine Segmen t Lef~ FLush Cragged ri g ht'

I : Set Li n e Segment R I f(.ht Flush (ragg ed left)

= 2 Ce nter Line Segment Betwee n Left and Rig ht Margi n s

= .3 : Full Justl..tlcati on ( I nse .rt spaces to make both ri gh t and left edges of line segme nt flush with marg ins)

~umher of text string s in ~his line seg ment (one by~e)

A line seg ment may co,ntain any number of text string s, each 01 which may be in a di1terent font, siZe, boldness, etc. These strin~s are combined into a single line seg ment so as to permIt them to be consistently Justl~jed by the COMpaO.

Each text str1ng consists of the totlowlng inforlllation:

Pont ( one byte)

= 0 : Courrier

= 1 : Directory

=2:FI1m

= 3 : OCR-B

= 4 : NMA Micro~ont

= 5 : News Gothic

= 6 : Times Roman

J

3c2a

3c3

3c3a

3c3b

3c4

3c4a

3c4b

3c4c

3c4d

3cS

JcSe.

3c5b

3c5b l

3cSb ia

3c5bl b

3c5blc

JcSb ld

3c5 bl e

3cSbl"t

JcSb l g

)

)

)

WLB tl-AUG-~72 14:11 Speclf l cations for the Interconnection of an ARC and a DDSJ

S I.ze (one byte)

11382

The spacing in points between the base lines 01 two adjacent lines.

S tyle (one byte = hi b2 b3 b4 bS b6 b7)

Boldness (b6 b7)

= 00 : lIIedium ( normal)

= 01 : light

= 10 : bo ld

= 1 1 : do. rk (e x tra bold)

Slan t (bS) [hardware Italics]

If b5 is 00, slant the characte r s in this text string.

Underlinln~ (b4)

r1 b4 Is on, draw I.L line under the text in this string, usIng a boldness to COMplement that of

3cSb2

3cSb2a

3c5b3

3cSb3a

3cSb3a l

3c5b3a2

3cSb3a3

3c5b3u4

3cSb3b

3c5b3b l

3cSb3c

the text. 3c5b3c l

Character Count f two bytpg'

Cha racters (one hyte per charac ter)

Magnetic Tape Format

7 track format

One fite per document

Piles seperated by EOF tape marks

E nd of tape indlca"ted by two HOP marks in a row

A Lite consists 01 any number of flxed length r~cords

The las 1: record in a .file is the sallie ien M:1:h as all the othe,r a , hence may canto. In ga rba ge .

Each record consists of 512 36-blt words

4

Jc5b4

3c5bS

4

4.

4b

4bl

4h2

4c

4cl

4<1

)

)

WLB l1 -AUG-72 14: 11 Spec i :f i ca 1-1 ons lor 1:he Interconnection 0:1 an ARC and a DDSl

11382

Each .ord 1s b r oke n i nto 6 6 - bi1: packets , e a ch 0 :1 which has

one parity bIt.

5

4.

)

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WLB l1-AUG-72 14:11 Speci .tica-tlon!;'l -fo r the Interconnection of an ARC ft~nd a DDS I

11382

(J11382) 11-AUG-72 1 4 :11; Tltle! Au th or( s ,: Wul t Bass / WLB i Dist ribution: Walt Bass, N. Dea n Me yer, Dirk H. v an Nouhuys, Narilyn F . Au e rbach, Diane S . Kaye , Douglas C . En g e lbart, Jam es C. Norton , Richard " . Wa1.son, Charles H. [rby/DPCS ; Sub- Co llec1:ions: SR I-A.RC DPCS; C l erk : 'ILH ;

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WAK lJ-AUG-~2 16:27 11406 Comments on NLS

Comments on NLS

Group Idents

With the number o-t g roups, g roups , the activIty levels o-t

~he memberships within g roups and the interest on

~ormlng groups o~ people, widely spread arund the country , ~ll increasing, I -tee 1 tbat it would be a worthwhile thing to do, to make a (hopefully) small cange to NLS to allow g roups to have initial ~Iles.

In that way , It would be possible to send documents to g roup (all people in that g roup) wJthout sendIn g Jt to of the indi v jduals in the g roup. Similarly , dOCliments interesti n g In~ormatlon could exist in a central place that flrouJ' (any o~ 'lts ,nembers).

The NrC users" g tlide

• any

and

~or

Atter reading the NIC Users' g uide and talkin g to secretarys who have read It or taken your class, r feel obll p: ated to make a tew conllDents. The document h~s, in some cases had a ne g ative educa tional e:f-fect . For peop le who know somethin g about duta s ·tructures and have had s ome experience with interactive systems it Is a passable ref manual, but as a tutorial manual it was sorely inadequate.

One of our secretaries , Bryna Lang , after havin ~ read the manual and taken the class was so thourog hly snowed tha~ we have gIven u p the idea ot teachin g her to use NLS. ([t shoud be n o ted that she does text edIting on our systea

I

I.

1.1

1.2

Ib

lbl

with our editor fairly well). lh2

l understood most of what was sald in sti1.1 -found most 01 the explanations and very poor.

the f1l(Lnual but :r discrlptlo n s to be

I sUS flest the folLowIn g in hopes that it will aid in the ~roduction ot a more useful manual. [suggest that a technically competent person (Dirk V. has of~ered his services) working In collaboration with a non-technically oriented person who has g ained 0. working knowlege of the

9ystern.

If such an ef10rt prduced a mo r e useable beginners g u.lde, 1 1 m fairly certain that it would have proven worthwhi Le to you, ARPA and the user p opuLaion alike.

In g ene.rat

I

Ib3

Ib4

Ib 5

Ie

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MAX II-AUG-72 16:27 11406 Comments on NLS

As I (e nobody) see it, ~he NrC La a very power~ut tool :for In1'ormatlon management . (predictably), there Is !I. rather

Un1'ortuna tely high throabhold o~

expertlse end understanding required before o n e can even start to utJllze it. 11' the Nle Is to be 01 use It must be us eab l e by the average user. t cl

11 it I s to be of uee to non-techin i cal ly oriented peo ple, they mu s t be able to un de rsto.nrf 1 t. It would be very valuab1.e to ou r (and others' )work ef'-tnrt , If our non-technical personal could ·take advantage 0" your serv ice .

These cOIl~ l derationsbring lIle -to the punch line. 1 lee l that the production 01 a useable tutorial .anual Oil t he NIC

le2

a nd NLS should be one o..fyour HIGliFST priori ty tasks. lc3

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MAK ll-AUG-72 16: 27 .1 l40 6 . C omments on NLS

(Jll406) tl-AUG-72 16:27; TItle: Author(s): Vark A. KaMpe/NAK; D ls1:rlbution: Dirk H. Vf\n Nouhuys, Mark A .. Kampe, RIchard W. Watson/DVN( tell me what. you thlnk) MAK RWW(my collected ra.vIngs on the sub ject); S ub-Collectlons: NIC; Clerk: MA K;

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DCB II-AUG-72 18:13 L aunchin q The Use r-Systems Analysis Role

This memo a n ounces the crea tion of a new LINAC role: n User-Systems Analysis." As o:f abo u-t 24 July, Paul Rech has sh_1 ft-ed his -tull--time energ y "to launching this new (lctlvl ty .

11407

Since this is to be a ~utl-tlrne assignment for Paul, his previous pusher roles have bep- n trans.ferred to "i r k van Nouhuys for ~he RADC project, and to Jim Norton for the BRS

1

thrust. 10.

1 vIew the Use.r System Analysts role as a " Ce ntral Staf:f" function , pa r allel to t hoBe of Operations and Development Coo r dj n ato r ( see the LINAC-launch mem o -- l0034 , 2 b); It Js subject t.o my p:ene ral di r ect-Lo n and to executive actions by RMC , Dnd It wIll have Jts plans a n d budget revIewed by PERC ( ... hieh, by -the ... ay, is not dead) . This -"ole a.utomat ic ally carri.es membe rshi p .in PERC ..

I feel it -to be importa.nt" -that t ills role be p laced in u neutral posi-tloTl w .l 1:h respect 1:0 operatio ns a.n (( de v elopmen 't .. There will be ma ny u fijes :tor the type o~ analyses that hopefully we will lettro to do; sometimes "they .ill ser v e to support " De v elopment" ( .to r both p lannin /( and desi gn actlvities, in proJects, th rusts , and "task s ); and sometimes they w i ll suppo r t -the Uope rations" peopl e ( ~or inst"an ce , ~ivin g an independent eval uation 01 the p lans and des i gns be Ln@ o:fi'ered by the Devel opment people to 1'il1 some exp r essed ne ed on the operations sldel.. 1 wou1. d rather that the AnalysJs Actlv.ity weren't organIzatIonally under either the Development o r the Opera-tlons Acti.vitJes.

We are long overd ue :for es tabli sh ing a persisting ac tivity in this ar ea ; it wil l be completely nece ssary to the development o~ 8 Ii discipline o~ au@menta~ion systems ,ll and will be very Important 1:0 s ome or our ne xt st~ges o~ activity.

In this User S ystem area , lIIany o:f u s can think of things that. we would like to :fI n d out about , things that we would like to have some analySiS app lied to. But we Gre all a bit in the dark llS to what question .e oug ht to ask, what sorts o~ answers we could expect , how we would 1.lke -to see th e analytic r esults portrayed in order to sh o ... us in fo rmati o n that would be use1ul , etc. And Paul, who knows about analyzing operAtl ons , and has tools, concepts, etc .. that" are probably app l i cable , l sn ' t tamiliar enough yetwtth wha -t can be measured , what the gen e ral operational dynaMIcs a r e, e tc .. , to tell us what. he could do 'fo r us even i:f we could t el l him what we wan t ed . What we soug ht, therei'ore , was an a ppropri a t e

2

launching mode fo r -thls n ew ac ti vi ty. 3a

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DeE 11-AUG-72 18:13 T~ aunching The Use ,r-Sys1:ems Analysis Role

11407

1 hftve ftsked Paul having to do wl -th

,to beg in with bas i c metl.surements and analys es the USA.GE OF OUR COYPUTER RESOURCES .

Ny initi a l ques1: l o n about our computer-service resources is II Where do th ey g O? 1I Which 01' o ur people, fo r what ope r a tional purposes, 801: wha t times oP the day/week, e tc. absorb the resourc es? I expect study of this 1:0 lead into such considerations tl.S servic e - cost breakdowns, an d measures 0-'­utilIty (averag e or marg inal) to di1:fe r e nt specific a pplicatlo ns.

rn _1tl a lly I want us to use the -fac ilities of 1:he Super Watcb program and , untIL we more or l ess exhaus t its .. easurement and analysis capab ILIty, to restri ct our exploration to what that prog r am can support .

Ana ly sis _ Ill be im portant to us in propo rti o n to its e:f~ect o n the p lannin g and design decis ion s wlthin our devel op~en t thrus 1:s !lind our ope r a tion s . There:fore , the role .. .i LL inc lude a service aspect , since people wi ll e _x pec t ·to he ab l e to a sk ( contrac t' "for he l p tow a r d spec lfic need s. I1: will also inclUde a developlI:ten1: !lIspect , towards Improving the concep-t s , tools, and -techni ques of measureme nt and a nalysis .

Investin g In developme nt o-f t oo ls and t ec hniques for a n a lysi s must be perceived as worthwhll e by the pushe r s who are to be benef Itt ed . Wh it e Jni-tl a lly Pau l bas a se verat-mon-th " exp 'l orato ry b u d g et,." the 8.ssu l!'llp ti o n is that his con t i nuin g wo rk, Includi n u spec i al sup port such as de v e l opmentu.l prog r amm in g , specia L hunkS o~ compu t er r esources , etc., will be lnv estmen t s whose proposals , al~ocations, r e view , etc . are -to be handled In the same way as our other central ln ves t~ent s

{e. ~. i"'proved compIler, (~ ra phics , COM outpu t, BRS

4

4.

4b

5

improvements, query, fIle mana g ement, e1.c . '.. Sa

There-to re, as 900n 813 poss i ble, Pau l should be in e-t:fectl.ve dlalo~u e wIth the decIsIon mak ers 10 r plans, des i g ns, a n d operat ion s . rt.is from them thtl.t service contracts will come, toward ends that "they must see as bene'flttln g ARC -- as r e:fl ec·ted by the improved per:tormance/e.t:fort( cos t) rat i os in ou r plans , our desig n s , and our ope.r at ion a l serv Ices . And It i.s through a r ev i ew cOlllm i ttee ( PERC ) rep r esentin g these declsion make rs that resource atlocations must pass t oward d e v e l op i n g improved toots and 1:echniques. 5b

[ would l'ike to ge1: us a tl educa-ted as q uickl y as pnss ibte toward heln @ ab le to sustain a healthy ana lysis ac"t(vlt y . [ thInk that 1:he bes t wa y is to use existLng toots to g e t the

2

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DeE l1-AUG-72 1 8 : l3 Launchin g The User-SyBte~s AnaLysIs R ole

t 1407

interest and aW5reness both widespread enough and higb enough to "naturally" suppor1: a balance of' servlce and develop .. en t.

For t:he first month 01' Paul's new activity., Ken Vict:or will help

Paul learn how to use S uper '1 a.tch, help hi..tn lea.rn the g eneral environment of users and NLS inte ,rface , 5nd ~enerally provide a soun((lng bOHrd for Jnit:ial interp retatioos (both 0"1. the measllrelllents , and oj' what other people may say about them tbat mi g ht be 1:00 esoteric or brief).

I would ~lke the rest o~ ARC staff to provide Paul with as much sup port and dialo g ue as he can use throug h those ~i.,.st months . A~ter that we wiLL consirler more speci"lic and complete role

arrun g ements relative to the User-Systems Analysis Activity.

For instance, 1 think ·we all would be n e:flt i1 Paul had bull sessions every day with several di.f.terent people. And [ :feel

tha"t the eftrl.y progress In opening up this territory should consist oL II. succession o~ rather short vectors., llke: tryln g this , huntin @ 101' an interpretation of that, redoing tha ·l prevIous lI.nelysis in this new way, tryin g to g et: a subjective rating 0"1 retative uti~J~y ~rom so-and- so on Service X, ~ettin~ 8 roug h array ot service-cost ~I gures tor these services , etc.

It would be releven"t .for many types of people to tune In - ­

the users, the dif':terent proje ct and thrust pushers whose plans lind desi g ns woul.d be a:f"fected by bet"ter un d erstanding , and the pro @r ammers who ore famil.lar with the innards o~ our service systems; all of us cun bene:fit 1'rom d i alog ue toward no t I Ol\S o:f what we wou1.d 1. ike to see measured or ana Lyzed.

I r ealize that as applicable Analysis, Brld

many 0"1. the above remarks about analysis are to Service System AnalySiS as to User System that, have made no parallel assignments ~or

Just

5c

6

7

7b

Service S ystem Analysis. 8

:My intention is that Paul specializ.e In User S ystem Anutysis, and thet other people handle Service System Anal.ysis. [huve

a "feelin g that lt is to our best interests for these to be distinctly separate roles. (More needs to be said (later)

obout the dl1~erences hetween the analytic roles ~or these "two systems, and how we wIll handle them urg aniza1:.lonally . ) S a

Jt seems reasonably likely thu.t Paul's InitIal explorations (mig ht/should) wander across the line a bit, includinp: sOllie analysps that strictly speakIn g would be In the cost/efficiency domoln 01 the S ervice SysteM analysis, But

3

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DeE 11-AUG-72 1S :13 Launching The User-Systems Analys ts Role

11407

later ther(> "i'll be a very clear d.lstinctl on between the two eidcM of that line.

There is much Jnterf"st and p r obable payo"ft in analyz.i n g; the Service System, but ma ny people are ulready orie n ted and Glotlva1:ed to that end, and there Is nluch ge neral appreciation 'tor 1:he potential value; I want Paul to do sOllie real pi oneering in the Us"r S ystem AnalySiS area , to",ardM p roducing tor it a de"rce o-t orientation, motivation, and perceived

8h

value on a par _I-th 'lhe Service Syste .. AnalySiS area . Se

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DeE l1-AUG-72 18 :1 3 .Launc hi o g The Use r-Systems Analysis Role

(J11 407) tl-AUG-72 18 :1 3 ; Title : Author( s ): Dougl.a.s C.

t1407

E n g elhart/ OCE ; 'Dist ri bution: Augmen t ation Re sea.rch Ha n dbook, Kirk E e Kelley, N. Dea n Heyer , Kay F . Byrd , Ralph Prathe r, James E . White , Jacques F . Va ll ee , Diane S . Ka.ye , Pa ul Rech t Michael D. Kud llck, Do n L i mu ti , Vl illium R . Ferguson , Li n da L. Lane , Mar i Lyn F .. Auerbach , .. alt Bass, Dou~l as C . En ge lhart , Beauregard A. Harde~an , Martin E. Hardy, J.

D . UOPlle r, Cha r 'les H . J rby, !i ll E . Jerni g an, lIa rvey G . Leht_an, Jeanne B . North, James C . No r ton , Ci n d y Page , Wi ll iam H. Pax1"o n, Jef"tr ey C . Pet ers ., Jtlkf'i Ra tlL11' , Ba rba r a E. Ro", EM K. Van De Riet, Dirk H. van Nouhuys. Ke nn e1:h E . V Leto r, Dona.Ld C .. Wa l Lace , RIchar d W .. Watson, Don 1 . Andre1rs , Bo n nar Cox , David R . B rown, Du a ne L. Sto n e/SR.I - ARC BC DRB DLS; Sub-Colle c t I o n s: SR I-ARC; Clerk : DeE;

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nCE ll-AUG-72 19: 11 11409

Letter ~o Ed Parker , answerin g X( 1082 9 ,)

P ro~essor Ed.- in Parker rnatl. tute fo r Communl.catlon Research CYpress Hall Stanfor d Unlversity Stanford, CalifornIa 94305

D6'.ar Ed:

Stanfo r rl Research Institute Augmentation Research Center 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park , Califor nia 9 4025

This le"tter is a :formal acceptance trom the Aug mentation Nesearch Center to your invitation of March 26 , 1 9 7 2 (our xnoe -- 10829,): we o'f:fer our system as a candidate tor your analyses, incl.uding makln p: It available "on-sIte" at Stan:ford In your March 1 9 7 .3 workshop. I understu.nd that you will let us know as soon as possible (e. ~ ., by No vemher L9 72) as to whether you wa nt to lnclu.de our system, and l:f so , the de t ails 01' the tests, and analyses.

As T mentioned in our 2 6 June telephone conversatIon , our system Isn't considered hy us to be "primarily ortented towards in~ormatlon stoTa g e and retrieval " as cited on pa g e 8 item 7 of your pro)osal (our XDOC -- 10830.). We shall trust the Judg ement of you and TOni Martin for evu lua-ting our system wIthin a

1

reasonable framework. 2

You mi g ht remember that I also broug h -t up -the matter 01' relative operator ski ll in the actual evaluative tests on the different systems. T-t lI!enerally ttl-kes months of cnnti nuous use and per sistent experImentin g -to become really skillful wIth our Whole systel'fl. It is true that a modest amount of experJence wIth it w .itl provide a certain level of utility, and we aasUlJle that at this level compa rative experiments on retrIeval test problems, by one or more Ollerators trained to u se all o:f the systems , would provide relevant evalua-tlve data . But I hope you _ill consider , ~or our system us well ~B ~or any o:f the otbers where practiced skI'll may make sl@nlfican1: peri'of"mance dl t _ferences , that possIbly you would include some tests where the operators are hi g hly practiced users.

Par ke r/ En g elba r-t Page 1

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DCB ll-AUG- 72 19!11 11409

Letter to Ed Parker, answerin g X( I0829~ }

For communicatIons and pe neral administration o:f this experIment, l hove asked Nr . Dirk van Nouhuys to be our liaison with you {and Tom \{ar1:i nl; amonp other thin g s he can make arran g ements :to r Tom

to fl}.m1 11 8r12.e h .imseLf with our sys1:elD.. 11' and when it becomes appro p riate, Di rk can b ·rl n g Into the scene Dr .. Jacques Vallee and/or Mr . Charles Irby, who wjll be chiefly responsible to r our retrieval inter-iace<.s J.

The project sounds cha.llenging; 1 wJsh you luck with It.

Parker/Engelhart

SInce re ly,

Do u g las C. En~etbart, DJrac1:or AugmentatIon Research Cente r

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DeE l1-AUG-72 19:11 11409

Lette r to Ed Pa r ker, answering X{ 10829, )

(Jl1409, Jt-AUG-72 19:1J; Title: Enge l ba rt/ OCR; DIstribution : W lt lla~

C. Norton , Jacques F . Vallee , Jea nn e Charles R . lrby/ EJIC JFV JBN WDK CHI;

Clerk ~ DeE ;

Author( s ): Doug las CoO

II . Paxton , Richard W. Wa t son, 8. North , Nichaet D . Kud tlck, Sub- Collections : SRf-AHC ENe;

Ortgin: (ENGELBART)PARKER . NLS;l, 11 -AUG-72 1 8 :43 DeE i.OtR= I; ... SNF=72i .HIP=FL; . LBRJUl=O; . RRN=72; . FRN=72; . LOS=l; . RM=65 ; . LFH=2; . S.N=O.:t"fi . PBS ;

.. RJolirna l = " DCE .. GDT; 17 AUG 7 2 3:50AU n n nnnll;

.HI="Letter to Ed Parker, answering X( tOR29 , )";

James

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DCE 11-AUG-.72 19: 5 0 Extending the P(}sslbility 1''01'' Dean Meyer , to work with ARC

11410

I have asked Boh Wlng to chang e Dcan Meyer's SRI- employee status 1'1"0. l1:s current "Temporary" to one called " Permanen t Hourly. " WIth this new ata1:us , he .il1 he left on the employee roster du r in g the sch(}ol year , and tor any week that he does any work -ror us, he merely Z111s out a tim.e card to g et paid 'for the hours worked.

r did this becuuse T .teel thu.t he has been performing exceptlonally well, and J would Like to encourag e our uslng hI_ whenever he may have time during the school year , as we l l as next summer. Dean me n 't:loned 'tha1: last year his schedule lett him wIth ft compl etely .I' r ee day -- and he seemed I n t erested I n the possibILity of cOlllin~ down f rom BerkeLey one day (plus?) e ver y week to work o n a reg ular basis with us.

This isn't an automatic cont r ac-t "'or him: what r have done is to Nake him available us a contracto~ within ARC. J wouid like ENC to cons i der h is poten~lal ~or dLrect contrLbution and ~o r g rowth, and to encourage somebody to oe Kot i ate continuing contracts wLth Dean tor appropriate work. (I would assume that continuIng to _ark in UPCS to r VLB is a g ood candIdate . )

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DCE ll-AUG-;72 19:50 Ext end!" " the Posslbill~y tor Dean Meye r to .ork wIth ARC

(J114tO) 1 l-AUC-72 L 9 : 50 ; Title: Author( s }: Douglas C ..

1141 0

E n~elb~ r~/DCE ; Dls~rlbutJon: William H. Paxton, C . Norton, Cha rles H. lrb y, N . Dean Meyer , Wa l1. Sub-Collectio ns: SlH-AIitC ENC; Clerk : OCE ;

Richard W. Wa tson, James Bass/EWe CHI NDM WLS;

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DCE 11-AUG-72 20:10 11 you HAVE TO contac~ me during my vacation

11411

I plan to be (l,:o np frolll my local residence f'roM Tuesda.y 1 5 Aua :t or a po ro:xlmately two weeks., and -to be ge nerally a.round town here o-therwlse, r e tuning to work on Tuesday 5 Sept.

The ~lrs~ six days or so of beJn ~ g one ., I'll be whero there Isn't any phone, at a cab in In Eastern Oreg on owned by an old 'friend 01 m ine. In a real emergency, you could calL hll:l at his ho me in Eu@ene , OreHon , and he could tell you how J t _l g ht be possl b te to ~ et a messa g e -to me -- Dr . (lIIedlcal -type) Oi 11 Guyer ( 503 ) 686- 9 7 66 .

A~ter that we witt probabLy be in Portland , wh o re I can best be reached throua: h my sls-ter., Mrs . Thomas ("'Oorlanoe) Vadnai s , (503) 646-1486. Or , try my mother if: it Js lmportan-t., u.t ( 503 ) 297-2493 . ( S he would be happy to hetp, but s he isn't very wel t.)

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DCE tt - AUG-72 20 :1 0 If you HAVE TO contact "Ie durin g my vacation

(J1l41l ) 11-AUG-12 20:10i Tl +le: Author( s) : Douglas C.

t 1411

En~elbart/DeE; DistrIbution: Ri cha r d SUb-CollectLons: SRI -ARC; Cle rk: DeE;

W. Watson, Ja~es C. Norton/RWW JCN;

DeE t4-AOG-~7 2 12:02 11423 Gnodbye, I'm 011 on my vacation

To a ll 01" ARC: T'11 be back ~ rom vacation on Sept 5. Dick Wntaon is in chGr ~ e . Doug . 1

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DCE 14-AU~72 12: 02 11423 Goodbye, ".011 on my vacatIon

(J114 23) 14-AUG-72 12:02; Tl1:1e: Author( B) : Do u g l as C. E naelbart/DCE; Distribution: Augmentation Res earch lIandbook, Kirk E . Xe lley , N. Dea n Meyer , Kay F. Byrd , Ralph Pra t he r, Ja~e B E. White, Jacques P . Vallee, Dia ne S . Kaye, Paul Rech t Michael D. Kudlick, Do n Llmuti , William R . Ferguson , Linda L. Lane , Marilyn P . Auerbach, Walt 8asB , Dou{ltas C . EnJletbart , BeaureQl;ard A. Ha r do_an , Mar tin E . Ha r dy, J. D. Hopper , Cha rles H. (rby, NIL E . Jernl "a.n, Harvey G . Le htma.n, Jeann e 8 . North , Ja.es C. No rt on , C indy Page , Wi ILia .. B .. Paxton, Jet.trey C . Peter s , Ja.ke Ra tlI1'f', Barbara E . Ro .. , Ed I . Van De Ri et , Dirk R . v an Nouhu ys, Ke n net' h E. VIctor , Dona ld C . WItLlace, Richard W. Watson , Don 1. Andrews/SRi - ARC; Sub-Co tt ec~lon9: SR I-ARC; Cterk : DeB;

JOlt 14 -AUG""t1 2 16: 20 11456

) Do n't read this .cssage . I

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J o n 14-Aur_72 16:20 11456

) (Jl1456) 14-AUG-7216: 2 0; Author(s): J oO D . Hopper/JDII; Distribution: William .R oO Ferguson/WRP; Sub- Collections: SRI-ARC; Clerk: JDB;

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MAX 14-AUG-72 18: 52 11457 reguardlng [MLAC Spacewar

1 s p oke to Ari and he says that it Is illiprac"tical, a"t thls

tllJle to ship spqacewnr o1~ over of certain inadequacie s in conet oes . We d o no ·t ftnticipate that we a~orementloned

the network to you . This Is because the versatility we altow network

will be able to remedy the

inadequncies £01' a few months at1.e8.8t. BUT .. ..... We can send you 8. nlne ttruck tape. arl. have a nJce day.

"If you are interes"ted, contact either me or

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XAK 14-AUO-72 l 8:52 11457 re~uardin~ l WL AC Spacewar

(JI1457) t4-AUG-721 8 : 52; Title! Author(s): Mark A. KaTllPe/MAK~

I) l s -trlbutlon! Dirk U. van Nouhuys, Arl A • . J. Ollikalnen/l> VN AlH( 1 1 YOll ore interested In .... ha-t s p; oin on); Sub- Collec tions : NIC; C lerk : MAK;

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DeE 15-AUG-.:72 14:31 11462

Letter to A. Jud~e answerin g x( 11041, and 11 048 ,)

Mr. A . J.N. Judge Asslstant Secretary GeneraL

Stanford Research Institute Augmentation Research Cente,r 333 Ravens.ood Avenue Uenlo Park, CaLilornla 9 4025

UnIon Des Associations Internationales 1, Rue Aux Laines 1000 Bruxelles BELGIQUE

D ear Mr. Judge:

J appreciate very much the interest expressed in our work by your correspondence with respect to the International Symposium on Documentation 01 the Uol, ted NatIons and Other Interg ove rnmental Org ani7.u,tions. please note .:from the enclosed copy 01 our letter to Mr. Gribaudn x( 11158 ,) that we complIed wIth your request, and added a .:few more re~erence items. We are really most pleased to provide this smaL I hi t oof s 'u pport, and T wish to aBure you that my tardy re sponse doesn't re~lect any sort of Indll~erence -- r Just dont~ happen to cope with correspondence very ef~ectlvely.

.r am proceedlng si"padlly on p lans tor 0. possible proposed program aimed at accelerating the rate at Which interested organizations can develop awareness and exploratory utiliza1:ion of' high-technology informa.-tion systems. Even though ~or the mos-t part the countries partic [pating In your symposium "ould be unable to consIder utilizing such techniques on a wide scaLe , I assume that each could consider supportIng all d B 'tal-fln g at leas~

8 s mall exploratorY actIvity.

Judlle IE n gelbal"t Page 1

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DeE 1 5 -AUG-.72 14:31 11462

Let"tel" to A. Judg e answerin g x( 1t047, and 1t048 ,)

La~er this year I plan ~o have some thlnkpleces to s end to yOU about our pro g ram ideas, and I would apprecla~e your commen1:s. Me a n .. hi t9, g ood to your sympusi um.

S lnce :r ely,

Doug las C . Engelbart Di rector Augmentatlon Research Center

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DCB 15 -A UG ..... 12 14: 3 1

Letter 1:0 A. JudAe answering x( 11 04 7, a nd 11 048 ,)

(JIl462 ) J 5 - AUG-7214:31; Title: Au1:hor( s ): Do u g las C .

E n~e l bll rt/ DCE ; S u b-Co ll ec tion s: SRT-A RC i Clerk : KPBi OrJ .v:ln : <UYRD")JI1462 . NLSi3, t5-AUG-72 14:17 KPB

• HJol,rnal = "nCE 17 AUG 72 3 : 55AM 11462 ";

11462

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DCE 1 6 -AUG-7 2 9 : 4 7 11463

Le'tter to W. S . E llIott answering XC 11458,)

S tanford Research institute Aug me ntatIon Research Center 333 Ra venswood Avenue Menlo Park t Cali~orni& 9 4025

w. s. ELliott P ro~essor 0 f Comput in g Imper~al College 01 Sc ience and Technology Departmcn1: o~ Compu'ling and C ontrol Royal School o~ WI nes Building , London SW7

Dea.r B ill:

T h~nk you for the copy (No. 7 9 ) of your Jnteractive Computer G r a phics repor-t (our xdoc -- 11459 , J. r appr ecifLte your "sbort supplyl1 s ituation -- aDd J would very much like to keep this copy ~or Gur lib r a ,ry. It will be catalogued and wil 'l pop u p in on- line searches -tor years to comet so we ' d lIke to have a g ood copy f'rom which we could photo- dUplIcate. 0 .. K .. ?

Good to see s uch so lid work; hope th~ p art-time Cam brI dge CAD / G rall,hics work mea n s .. ore ot what you want and like.

Note: 1'1U just leaving .for a throee-week vacation.

Res t re glJ.rds ,

Douglas C. En ge lblJ.rt D i.rec tor Augme ntati o n Researc h Cent e r

k1b

Fltiott/Eng elbart Pa ge 1

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DCE 16-AU~72 9:41 11463

Letter to W. S . Elliott answer i nK Xl 11 458,)

(J11463 ) 16-AUG-72 9 :47; Title! Author(s): Do ug las C . En g elbart/ UCE ; S ub-CollectJons: SRI -ARC ; Clerk: KFB; O rlqin: (BYRD)lt46:l . NLS;2, 16- AUG-72 9 :43 KFB ;

. HJolirnal=l1dce 17 AUG 72 4:11AM 11463 11 ;

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DCE 12-oCT-72 9:35 Let~er to E e Puruyama re 11470

(Journal) Journal documents (moat recent first)

KEV II-oCT-72 14:33 12122 maiotainin@ the userejdents ~ile for log in Location: (LJOURNAL , 12122 , t:w)

11471

Comments : this documen~ descrihes the auto~atic handlins o~ idents that has been .runnin g for some time no ....

DIA 11-0CT-7 2 16!02 12130 Description o~ Compute-bound cutoff system Location: (LJOURNAL, 12 130 , t: ... .)

Comments: Compute-hound jobs wi l.l be sllspended from runnin g

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durJog periods of heav y load under TENEX 1.29.01 . Ibl

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DCE 12-oCT-72 10: 0 1 11 4 7 2 Lett9r to E. FuruyaNft r e 1147 0

) Journ al N1 1471 .as in error.

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Let~er t o B . Furuya_ a re 11470

Nlss Eileen Furuyama Co_putation Center Stan~ord University Stanford , CalIfornia

Dear Niss Furuyama:

94305

DCE 12-oCT-72 1 0 : 0 1 It472

S~anford Research Instl~u~e

Augmenta~lon Research Center 333 Ra venswood Avenue Menlo Park, Ca llfornia 94025

This tetter replIes to your 'letter 0.( 28 Sep 7 2 (our XDOC - ­tI470,). [n 'that letter you described genera lly the n a ture at 'the two or~anlzatlong, the Calilornia Educationa l Computing Consortium (CRCe) and its hi gh/secondary school c ounterpart, the Callfornia Educational Data P rocessin g Assoc iation (CED PA). You Asked l~ [ could speak at one 01 the sessions o~ ~he annual Joint eDCe/CEDPA Con~erence, to be hel d 7,8 Dec 72 at the Cabana Hya tt In Palo Alto -- in the tIMe slot between 1045 and 1145 on FrIday B Dee. Topic_ise, you saId, "We are especIal.ly interested in bea r in g either ahout y ou r activIties wi-th your in:formation ~ etrleval and text edi-tln g system or in having an ARPA in~or Ma.-tion session . '1

I n Bur last (o~ sev eral ) phone calls, 1 told you that I have a Bchedulln s uncertainty that won't allow me to make a definite com.i ·tlllen t ; aDd [ o1fered to be scheduled for a JoJntly aut hored talk 10r which one of the authors would surely be able -to make the engagement . Dr .. Richard W. Ya t!:Jon wI tt be my co- author .

And you Bald that you would need :

Brief abstract, including title (see below);

Short reSUme each about mysel~ an d about Dr .. Wa tson ( see enclosures ) ..

ABSTRACT : Computer su pport of tomorrow's knowledge workers

We are deeply involved I n exploring the p oten tIal value o~ heavy compu ter support :for ",an l s basic "knowledge Work," whicb Pe te r Druc.ker says 1 s beeo,,1 n il our predonli nant orga.n I zed ae~Jvity. We wilt describe some 01 our experiences and

Furuyama/Eng etbart Page 1

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! \ [CCC Carriers

DVN 18-oCT-72 16:25 1 1474

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The (otlo_1.n w; i . a list o~ who is carryln~ wha t ~o and ~ro. the Ieee .. ce1:inp~

Dirk takes the recorder and s.all TV the small TV ~tut~ and po rta pack ~

PAuL lakes the .on itar .

Marilyn ~akes the po rta pack .

J acques takes a satchel of binders • •

Jim Norton t~kcs the pos ters.

Walter tak~s a satchel of biuders • •

J eanne t akes a sutchel o~ binders . *

Mike takes a g;atchel o~ b inders.*

J i_ Wh ite returns .jtb the Ti .

Dick re1urns with the moni t or .

Charles returns with the rec orde r.

stut~ and r eturns with

* A ll people who carry satchels 01 b i nders can p ic k t hem up between 1-3 F riday. r-r that Is a problom , Let U9 know.

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xxx, 18-AUg-77 19:51 < JOURNAL, HCD1STflLE.NLSJ1l482, >

< JOURNAL, HCDlSrFIL~. NLS .1148 2 , >, IS-Aug-77 17:56 -xxx :;;; (J 4 1538 ) (JOURNAL , J RNL47 , J4153 8 : gw) 17-Aug -77 20 :13;;;; .HJOUR NA L:" OVN 17-Aug-77 20: 13 41538"; Title: .Hl:"use at HelP July 15 throu gh August 15"; AuthOr[s): Di rk H. Van NOUhuyS/DVN; DistrJoution;

) IHELP( ( iNfO-O NLY J ) ; SUb-Collections: SRI-ARC HELP; Clerk: OVN; .lGO:O; • SNF:HJRM; • RM:HJRM-7; • PN:::-l; • 'i BS: 1; • PES;

Maste r Copy Printed by XXX 066951 (OVN) No te: Au thor Copy; ; tOEL: aI-done 066952 (KIRK) No te: I NfO-ONLY ) · . 'OEL: aI-done 066953 .. (POOH ) No te: ( INfO-O NLY J · . 'DEL: ol"'done 066954 .. (DVN) No te: [ INfO-ONLY J ; ; *DEL : aI-done 066955 (DAV) No te: ( IN ~'O-ONLY ) · . 'OEL: net-done 006956 .. (J MB) No te: INfO-ONLY ) · . 'OEL: aI-done 066957 .. (JAKE) No te: [ INfO- ON LY ) ; ; *OlL: oI"'done 066958 (NINA) No te: {INFO-ONL¥ J :; *O[L: aI-done U66959

(J41537J (GJOURNAL, 41537, l:w) 17-AU 9 -77 19;~b;;;; .HJOU RN AL="DV N 17-Aug-71 19:5 6 41537"; Title: .H1="Reads of Help, JUly 15 to August 15 . Raw Data"; Author[s): oir1<. H. Van NOUhuyS/DV N: Distribution: I&HE.LP( [ INFO-ONLY 1 J ; SUb -Collections: SR I-ARC HELP; Clerk: DVN ; .I GD =O:

) .SN~~ :IiJfH"; .R M:HJ RM -7: .PN=-l; .YBS=l; . PES;

Mas ter Copy Printed by XXX ( OVN) Note: Author COpy;; *DEL: ol-done (H ELP)

0069bO

060961

No te: {INFO-ONL¥ J ;; .DEL: hc-done·XXX 066962 (J41539l (GJOUR NAL, 41539, l:w) 17·Aug-77 21:46;;;; .HJDU RNAL:"JOJO 17-Aug-77 2 1:46 41539"; Title: .Hl:"Statistica! s ummary of July 1977 Feedback"; Author(s): Johanna M. Landsbergen/JuJ O; Distribution: ISHI-ARC( ( INfO-ONLV j ) ; Sub-Collections: SRI-ARC; AccesSList: SRI-ARC JOJO; Cleek: JOJ O; .1 GD:0 ; .SNF=HJRM; .RM=HJRM -7; . PN: -l; .'iBS=1; .P~S; Origin: < JOJO, JUL¥S'fAT.NLS.4, >, 17-Au g -77 21:33 JOJO ;;;;####i

.PEL; . PN:PN-l; .GCR;for those also on tne KWAC distribution list, these statistics are more complete than the ones that go to KWAC. hWAC does not receive the list of usage by individu a ls. 060903

(JOJO) Note: Author Copy;; *DlL: aI - done 066904 (OI:.MO) No te: INfO-ONL~ ) · . ·DEL: net ... cone .. 066965 (ALOG) No te: INfO-ONLY J .. 'OEL: aI -done 060960 (KEV) No te: I NfO -ONLY J ; ; 'DEL: aI-done 06b961

xxx, 18 - Aug -77 19:5 1 ( JOUkNAL , HCD I STfI L ~ . N L S . 1 1 482 . > 2

(DVN ) Note : l I N~-U -ONL Y J ; ; tOlL : aI-done 066968 ( JCP ) No t e : l I NfO - ON LY J · . *O EL: o l'"' do ne 066969

" ) (JCN ) No t e : ( I NfO - UN LY J · . *DEL: a I- done 066970

" (JDH ) No t e : I NfO - ON LY ) · . 'OEL : net ... done o l ... done 066971

" [ MEH) No t e : I NF'O - ON LY J · . t OEL : o l'"' done Obb972

" ( DC~)

No t e : I NfO - ONLY J · . 'DEL: o l'"' done 066973 " [K I RK)

No t e: I NfO - ON LY J · . ' OEL: o l'"' do ne 066974 " [JAKE. )

No te: ( I NfO - ON LY J ; ; *OEL : o l"' do ne 066975 ( i:. KM ) No te: 1 IN f O- ON LY J ; ; *OEL: o i-do ne 066976 [ JMB ) No t e; 1 I NFO - ONLY ; ; :tOlL : ol - do ne 066Y? I [RAB) Note : [ I NfO - ONLY J ; ; tOl L: ol "' done 066978 [J HB) No te: 1 I NFO - UN LY J · . ·OEL : ol "' done 066979

" [OSM) No t e: INfO - ONLY J ; ; *Dl L: ol - done 066980 (ACM ) No te: INfU - ONLY J · . 'D~ L: ol"done 0669~ 1

" [POOH)

) No t e: I NfO - ON LY J ; ; "DE L; ai - done 066982 (RH) No te: 1 I NfO - ONLY J · . "OEL: net ... done 066983

" [ PKA I No t e: 1 I NfO - ON LY J ; ; *OlL : ol · done 066984 (ANOO No t e: [ I NfO ... ON L:i J .. ·OEL : ol "' oone 066985 [ ROM ) No t e : 1 I NfO - ONLY J ; ; 'OEL: ol · done 066986 ( SKO ) No t e : 1 i Nf O- ONLY ;; 'Oo L: o l- done 066987 (IAT ) No te: INfO - ONLY J ; ; *OEL : a I-done 06698~

( BPM3) No t e: 1 I NFO - ONLY J ;; *OEL : a I-do ne 066989 ( DAP) No t e : 1 IN~O - ONLY J • • *DEL: ol - done 066990

" ( JR LJ) fIIo t e : INfO - ONLY J · . *OlL : ol "' done 066992 .. ,(NINA) Note : l INFO - UNLY J · . tDEL : ol '"' done 066993

" (KLH) No t e: 1 INfO - ONLY ) · . .DlL : ol '"' done 066994 .. ( SR) No t e : [ I NfO - UNLY J ; ; 'OEL: o I - done 066995 (LLG)

) Note: 1 I NfO - UN LY ) ; ; *O I=.. L: aI - done 066996

)

)

xxx , 18 - Aug -77 19 : 5 1 < J OURNA L, HCDISTFILE . NLS .114 82 , > 3

(RLL) No te: (I NFU - ONLt ;; f DEL : o l- done 066997 (LMf ) Note: l [ NFO - ONLt J :i *OLL : ol - done 06699ij IU RB) No te: (INfO - ONLt J " *OEL : ol - done Obb999

(J41540J (GJOURNAL , 41540, l:w) 17-Aug-77 2 1:4 7 ;;;; . HJOUR NAL;"JUJO 17-Aug -7 7 2 1:41 41540 "; Ti tle: . Hl =" Sta tistical Summary of July 1 977 feedbac Ktt; Author(s): Johanna M. LandSbergen/JUJO i Di s tributi on : IKwAC( { I NFO - ONL¥ 1 ) ; Sub-Collections : SRI - ARC KhAC ; AccessLlst: ~WAC JUJO; Clerk: JOJO; . IGD =O; . SN ~~ =HJRM ; . HM ; HJRM ... 7: . PN; -1; . ¥6S=I; . PES ;

(J OJ O) No te: Author Copy ;; , UEL : o l ... done ICKM) Note: I NFU"'ONLI' J ;; *OEL: net-done (OLS) Note: I NFO -u NL¥ J ;; 'DEL: o l-done (JH B) No te: I NfO- ON LY J ;: "' OEL : ol - done (JCN) No te: (INf O- ON LY J , I . O£ L: ol - done (UCE) No te: (f GB ) No t e: I NFO- ONLY J ;; tOEL: ol - done I JAK~) No te: I NfO - ONLY J ;; +OEL: oI "' oone (SMT) No te: (I NFO - ONLY J " +oE L: net-done ol - done I RPU ) No te: l I NFO - ONLY J ;; lOLL: ne t- done oi - done (RLL) No te: l I NFO - UNLY J ;i +OEL: o l- done (UAP) No te: (I NfO-ONLY);; *DEL: o l-d one (J MB ) Note: (I Nf O-ONL Y IGAS2)

;; +oEL: ol-done

No te: l I NfO-ONL Y j ;; *OEL: o l-d one (I:.SV) No t e: l I NFO- ONLY j ;; *OEL: net-done o l-done (PKA) No te: { I NFO-ONLY J ;; +Ol L: o l-done (H H )

Note : I NFO ... ON LY J I, *OEL : net-done (JEG) No t e : I NFO - ONLY J " tDEL : ol - oone lJ PC) No te: I NFO - ONLY j ;; t OlL : ol - done (CMI2 ) No te: l I N ~ O - ONLY J ; ; *DlL: net- done (PAUL) No te: l I NfO - ON LY;; *OlL : o l-done (PAN )

067000

06700 1

06700:/

Ob /0 0 3

0670U4

06"1005

007000

067007

Ob7008

067009

067010

0670 11

0070 1 2

067013

06101.

Ob7015

Ob70 16

0&7017

Ob7018

067019

Ob7020

067021

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xxx , 18-Aug-77 19:51 < JOURNAL, HCOISTFILE . NLS .114 82 , ) 4

No te: (INFO-ONLY (JT.3) Note: 1 II<FO -O NLY (BR)

" .DEL: ol - done

;; *OI::..L: oi-done

Note: (J WC) No te: (PO OH ) No te: (EJK) No te: (RICH)

( INfU-ONLY J ;; *DEL: ol - done

[ INFO-ONLY ;; .OEL: net-done

INFO-ONLY ;; *OEL: ol - done

INfO-ONL~ J ;; *DEL: aI-done

Note : 1 INFO-ONLY (W MH )

;; .OEL: aI-done

06702<

067023

Ob7024

067025

007026

061027

067028

No te: l INYO-ONL~ J ;; *DlL: ol - done Ob70~9 (J41541) (GJDURNAL, 4154 1, l:w) 17-Au g-77 21 :49;;;; .HJ OUR NAL= "JOJU 17-Au g - 77 21:49 41541"; Title: .Hl="Feedback Dialogue - July 1977"; Autho r(s); JOhanna M. Landsbergen/JOJO; Distr i bu tion: ISRI-ARCl [ INFO-UNLY J ) ; SUb -Collections: SRI-ARC ; Clerk: JOJO; .1G D=0 ; .SNf =HJRM; . RM =HJ RM -7; .PN="l; . YSS =!; .PI:.S; Origin: < FEEU BACK , MESSAGES -J ULY77 . NLS.7 , > , I1-AUg-?7 20:52 JOJO ;;; AccessList: SRI-ARC JOJO;AccessList: SRI-ARC;#I~~;

.~EL; .PN=PN-l; . GCR ; Thls tile is 77 pages long (JOJO) Note: Author Copy;; *OI::..L: ol-done (DEMO) Note : [ INfO - ONL~ J ;; .OEL: net - done (ALOG)

INFO-ONLY ;; *OEL: oI"done i~ote : (KEV) No te! (OVN)

INfO-ONLY J ;; 'DEL: ol-done

Note: {INFO-ONL~

(JCP) :; *DEL: ol - done

Note: l INFO-ONLY J ;: *OEL: ol - done (JCN) Note: {I NfO - ON LY J ;; 'OlL: o l-done (JOH) Not e: ( INfO - ONLY J ;; *OEL: net-done ol-aone (MEH) No te: [lNFO-ONL~ J ;; *DEL: o l-done (DCC) No te: INfO-ONLY j ;; *OEL: ol - done (K I RK) No te: l INfO-ONLY J ;; *OEL : ol-done (JAKE) Note: l INfO-ONLY J ;; "DEL: o l-done (EK M) No te: (I Nf O- ONLY j ;; 'DEL: ol-done (J MB) Note: [I NFO-ONLY J ;; *DI:.L: ai-done ( RAB) No te: l I NFO - ONLY J :; *OEL: ol - done (J HB) No te: l HIf'O - ONL~ j ;; *OEL: ol-done

0670;0

06103 1

0670;<

001033

001034

067035

067030

067037

0070Hi

067039

067040

06704 1

06104.

067043

061044

067045

067046

)

)

)

xXX, 18-Aug -77 19:51 < JUU RNA L, HCDISTf'1LE. NL5 .11 48 2 , > 5

( INFO - ONL~ ;; * OE L: ai - done

(OSH) No te: (AC H) No te: (PO UH ) No te: (RH) No te: (PKA)

( INfU-ONLY J ;; *OEL: ol"'done

{ I NfO - ONLY J ;; *OEL: net"'done

No t e: INfO-U NLY J ;; fOl:.L: ai - done (A ND~ ) No te: I NfO - ONLY J ;; f Ol L: ol - done (R OM ) No te: [I Nf O- ONL1 J ;; *OEL: ol - done (SKO) Note: I NfO - ONL:t: J ;; *01:.L: ol-done (IAT) No te: (INfO-O NLY (BPM3) Note: (I NFO - ONL! (OAP)

;; *O EL: oi-done

" *DI::L: ol - done

Note: (INfO- ONLY J :: *OEL: ol - aone (J RL3) ote: i NFO - ONLY

( N I NA ) No te: (INFU-ONL! (KLH)

;; . DEL: ol - done

;; *OEL: ai -d one

Note: l INFO-O NLY J ;; *Ol:.L: oi-done (BH) No te; (INf O-O NLY ];; *OEL: a i-don e (LL G) No te: (kLL)

I NfU -O N L~ ;; *DEL: ai - done

No te: l lNt-O-ONL Y J ;; *OEL: aI- do ne (LMF ) No te: I I N,"U-ONL! (DRH)

;; *OEL: ol - done

Ob7047

007048

Ob7049

067050

06705 1

Ob7052

Ob7053

067054

Ob7055

06705b

061057

Ob7059

0070bO

0670b l

067062

067063

0670b4

001065

Note: l IN fO -O NL:t: ;; *DEL: Oi -done Ob70bb (J41542) (GJOURNAL, 4 15 42 , I:w) 18-Aug-77 07:35;;;; .HJ OO RN ALo"OAP IS-Aug-77 07:3 5 41542"; Title: . Hl="contact, Julian Green , EQu itable Life Assu r ance society, 8 /18/77": AuthorCs}: David A. po tter/ OAP; Distribution : I MARKI::T ( l ACTION 1 ) ; SUb - Collections: SRI-ARC MAH~1:. 1; AccessList: MAR KET OAP; Clerk: OAP ; .I GO =O; . SNr=HJ RM ; .R /II =BJ fU·1-7; . PN =-l; • XBS =l; . PES ;

lDAP) Note: Author Copy;; tOlL: ol-done (JAKE) No te; l ACTION J ;; * DE L: o l-aone l JC ) Note: l ACTION ;; *OlL: ol-done (PKA) Note: l ACrlON ;; *OEL: ol ... done (O VN) No te: [ACTION j ;; * DEL: o l", don e

007067

Ob70b8

Ob70b9

067070

06101t

067073

)

)

xx>:, 18-AU9 -7 7 19:51 < JOURNAL , HCO I STfI Ll.NLS .114 82 , > b

( DRB ) Note : (ACTION J ;; l OlL : o l-done U67014 ( OCE ) Note: l ACflON J ;; lOLL: ol - done 00707,:> (JH B) Note: (ACTIO N J :; tOlL: ol - done 0070/0 (>'KM) Note: l ACT I ON J ;; "DE.L: o l-done 067077 (BR) No te: {ACT ION j ;; f DEL : o l-done Ob7U78 ( RLL) No te: {ACT I ON j ;; lOLL : ol-done 067079 ( RH ) No t e : l ACT I ON J ;; *DEL: net - done 067080

(J 4 1 543 J tGJOU RNA L, 4 1543 , 1:~) 1 S - Aug - 77 12 :30;;;; . HJUUR NAL =" OAP I B- Aug -71 12 :3 0 4 1543 11 ; Tit l e; .H1: I'contact, Dean Meye r, Xerox , 8/ 18/1 1"; Author (S): David A. potter/ OAP; Distri bution: /KlV( [ ACTION} ) MARKET( I I NfU-O NLY } } ; S Ub-Col lecti ons : SRI - ARC MARKET ; AccesSLis t; KEV MARKET OAP ; ClerK: OAP ; .I GO =O; . SNf = HJRM ; . RM = HJRM - 7 : . PN=-l: . 'iSS= 1; . PES ;

l UAP ) Note: Author copy ;: tOlL: o l- done lJA KE )

o t e : (I NfO - ONLY (J CN) No t e: IN FO -O NL~ (PKA)

;; "DEL: o l-done

;; "Ol L: ol - done

Uote : ( OVN)

INfO - ONLY J " tOlL: o i-done

Note : l I NfO - UNLY J ; ; 'DEL : o l-done ( ORB) No t e : (UCE) No te: ( JHB ) Note: ( EKM)

i NfO - ON LY j ; i l DE L: o l-done

I NFO - ONLY J ;; tOEL: ol - do ne

I NfO - ON LY J ;; * D£L : ol - done

No te: (i NFO -O NLY ( 8~)

No te: I I NFU - ONLY (RLL)

;; "DEL : o l-aone

Note: [INfO - ONLY J " 'DEL: a I-done (RH) No te: (INFO-ONLY J ;; "OlL : rle t-do ne (KH)

Ob70"1

001082

0670~3

00lU84

Ob10tlo

Ubl0B7

06708B

067U~9

Ob7090

067D9 1

Ob7092

067093

Note: l AC 'UON ) :; "DEL : o l-done 0&7095 (J4}544) (JO URNA L, J RNL47 , J4 1544:g_) 18 - Aug -7 7 12 : 38 ;;;; .HJ OURNAL="JMS 18 - Aug - 71 12 : 38 41544" ; Titl e : .Hl="problem with expunge directory command in NLS "; Author{sJ: Jeanne M. secK/J Mb ; Dis tr i bution: If EE.DBACK ( L ACTlON ) ) ; Sub-C o llec t ions: SRI - ARC ~EEl)SACK; ClerIC JMB ; .1 GD =Oi . SNF =HJ RM : . RM = HJRM -1; . PN=-l: . YSS =I; . PlS ;

06.,096 ) (J MB )

xxx , 18-AU9 -n 19:51 < JUURNAL, HCD lbfFIL E.NLS .114 82 , > 1

Note : Author copy: ; . OE L: ol-aone ( fEW )

007097

Note ; t ACTION J ;; .DEL; ol - done 067098 lJ 4 1~ 45 ) (GJOU RNA L, 4 1 54~ , l:w) l S- AU9 - 11 12 :59;;;; . HJUU R~ AL =" DAP

) I S- Aug - 77 12 :59 4 1545 "; Title: . Hl= "contact, Bill LeitCh , 10C, 8/ 1 B/77 "; Au t hor(s) : Dav id A. potter/DAP; Dist ribution : IMARK E. 'f( l I NfO - U~LY J ) ; Sub - Collections : SR I-A RC MARKlT: AccessLls t: MARK ~ l OAP: Cle r k. : DAP ; .1 GD =O; . SNF =HJ RM ; . RM =HJ RM -7; . PN= .. I: . YBS =l: . PES:

)

00 1099 (l!AP) No te; Au thor Copy; ; ' DE L: ol-done 007 100 (J AK t.) No te: [ I Nf O- ONLY J ; ; ·OEL: oi-done 007 101 (JCN) No te: l I NfO - ON L! J ; ; ·D EL: o l"' done 007102 (PKA) t-lo te; l I NfO - UNL! J · . *DEL : ol -don e 007104 .. ( DVN ) No te; [ I NfO - ON L! .. <D EL: o l-done 067 10, (O RB ) No te: l I NfU-ONL ! · . <DEL : o l-done 007 100 .. ( OCt. ) No te: I NfO - ONL! J · . . DEL : oi - done Ob7107 • • (J HB ) No te: INfO- ONLY J .. <DEL: o l-done 007 108 .. (t.K M) Note: I N ~- O - ON L! J ; ; "DEL: o l"' done 00 7! 09 (BR) Note: ( IN~O-ONLY J ; ; .DEL: ol-done 007 ]1 0 (RLL) No te: l I NfU - ONL! J ; ; .DE.L: o l-done 0071 11 ( RIl ) Note: [I N ~ O - ONL~ j ;; l DE L: net-do ne 067 11 2

(J41546) (JOU RN AL, JRNL47 , J415 4b :gw) l B-Aug - 77 17:1 0 ;;;; . HJUURNAL= "AC W I B-Au g -7 7 17 ; 10 41~46 "; Title: . Hl="test use of sendrnail for weyer "; Autl1or(s): Anne C. wah rrnun d/ACW i Distributi on: I PKA { l ACrION J ) POOH( [ ACTI ON J ) AG M( l INfO-ONL! J ) ; ;Ub -C OI]eCt!ons: NIC; Clerk.: ACW i .i GD=O ; .SNF= HJk M; . RM :HJ RM -7; . PN = .. l; . 'i Ss =l; . PE.~ ;

(AC w) No t e : Author Copy;; *DlL: o l-done (A GM ) Not e: l lNfO - ONL~ J ;; "' OlL: ol - done (POOH )

067 11 j

007114

Db/ li S

No te; (AC TIO N J ;; "OEL; ol - done Ob7 11 b (PK A) No te: [ACTiU N ;; .DEL : ol - done 007 11 7

(J 294b6) (G JOURNAL , 2946b , 1: W) I B-AU 9 -77 15 : 54:;;; . HJOUR NAL= "J bP l S- Aug - 77 15:54 29460" ; Ti tle; . h l="llN • 3 . Split; I NfERNlT Mee tl ng No t es "; Au tnor(s): Jonathan B. postellJBP; Distri bu ti o n: ILL G{ t I N~~U - ON LY 1 ) ROM( l HH·O-ONL~ j ) ; SUb- Collections: N1C; Cle r k.: JI:Hl; .1 GD= 0 ; . SNF=HJRM; . RM =HJRM ... 7 ; . PN= -1; . YBS=1; . PES ; Orig in: < PUSTEL , MElT I NG - NOTES . ~ L S .1 7 , > , IS .. AUg .. 77 15:53 JBP i;i; .OetaultFont=1 0p , Olr ectorY, Me d iu rn ; . BP =J; .LMBase =,1. 0 ;

)

)

)

xxx , lS -A ug - 77 19:51 < JOURNAL , HCDlSTFILE . ~LS .11 482 , > 8

. HJourna l~tt. GO ;"; . aM ~ 47 ; .YPf=2; . HJkM=72 , 6 . 5 ; . R~ ~/ 2 , 6 . 5 ; . BRM:72,b . 5 ;

. SNt =Off : . ~BS =l; . PES; .H1sw:Oft: . H2Sw=Uft ; . Hl:"l lN # 3 . Sp lit: I NtERNET Me eting Notes t, ; . f =" Section 1. 4.1 . Sp li t : [pa ge . GP N;J "; . PN= -l; . NumDash=O;~###;

06 111 8 ( ROM) No te: I Nf O- ON LY J ;; ·D EL: o l-done 067 11 9 (L LG) No te; INfO - ON LY J .. * DE. L: ol-done 06 712 0 "

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Re1 : NF ~e~be r9hjp List (NrC 10938 ). _For S tev e Crocker, Tel. nrs .. should be (202) 694- 5922 , or - 5037.

DAD lS-AUG-72 8 :21 l1488

1

RAD lS-AUQ-72 8 :21 1 1488

)

(JLI4 88 ) t5-A UG-72 8 : 21; Tltle: Author(s): Bruce A~ Dolan/BAD; Distribution: Jeanne B. No rth/J HN; Sub-Collections! NIC; Clerk : BAD;

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HER 15-AUo-72 8 : 28 PSO Work Hours Experl.elr t 14-t8 AuguS "t 1972

1. 1489

This is a request tor commen~s by PSO participants and others who mig ht be interested. DJrect the commen~s to Di r k .

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DGR L5-AUo-12 8:28 PSO Work Hours Experiment 14-18 Aug ust 19 72

11489

As stated In Kirk's Journal mess~ge o~ las~ week (KJOURNAL, tI330 ,), PSO is experi~enting durin " the week o~ 14-1 8 Au g ust with a <I-day (IO/hours per day) work week .

PSO ... ill return to Its re g ular 8-12 and 1-5 5 -day work week tbe week of 21-25 Aug ust.

O n Friday, 25 Aua ust there wIlt be a meetln u of PSQ participants and supervisors to discuss the experiment.

Comments ot the participants and any others int.erested should be dIrected to DIrk , pre:terably ue:fore Aug ust 25.

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4

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DEB lS-AUG- 72 8:28 PSO Wo r k Hours Experiment 14-18 August 1 9 7 2

11489

(J 1I 489 ) 1 5 - AUG-72 8 -: 28 ; T itle: Au thor(s ): Bta r bar a E . Row / BER ; nls~ r lbu~lon: Augme n tation Research Uandbook , Klr k E. Kelley , N. De a n Meyer, Kay F . By r d , Ra l ph P r ather , James E . \fh i t e , J acques F .. Va ll ee , Diane S . Kaye , Pa u l Rech, Mi chael D. Ku dLlck , Don Llmu t l , WIllL am R. Ferf!U!'lon, L i nda L . Lane , Ma ri lyn F . Auerbach , Wa l t Bass , Doug l as C . En~etbart , Beau re~ard A. Hardeman , Martin E . Ha r dy , J . D. Hoppe r, Charles H. Irby , Ni l E . Jerni gan , Ha rvey G. Lehtman, J ean n e B . North , James C . No ri on , Cind y Page , WI llIaN H. Paxton , Je~t r ey C . Pete r s , J ake Rat ll 'ft , Barbara E . Ro w, Ed K . Vn. n De R l et , Dirk R. v an Nouhu ys , Kenneth E . Vic t or , Dona l d C . Wa.llace , R J cha r d W. Wa t son , Do n I . Andrews / S RI-ARC ; Sub- Coll e ct ions : SRI - ARC ; C l e r k: BER ; O .. l~i n: (ROW) J PSO . NLS j 1, t 5 - AUG- 72 8: 23 BER ;

)

PMK 15-AU~72 8:48 11490

A l:

Due to the recent problems wi.th the N1C, this .. eesage is somewhat

old .. Steve has taLked wi th MATHLAH and Hllrvo.rd about" participatlng in t h.

I CCC demons1:atJon and bo1:h are "eag er to ptl.rt l c l lll4"t"e" . You

should work out tho deatlals wi-th Joel Moses (whIch J belleve you have

al .. eady don e) and with Tom Cheatham at: Harvard.

C he e r s - PepQ:Y

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PWK l S- AUG-72 8 : 48 t 1490

(Jl1490 ) 15 -AUG-72 8 : 4 8 i Title: Author( 8 ):

D istribution: Albert Vezza!AVi SUb-Collections ! Pe&&y M. Karp /PWK; Hte; C l erk : PMK;

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HGL 15-AUG-.12 13: 38 t 1493 The New PODAC S[Gs

rntroduction

The 1'ollowin@ no'tes concern -the establishment and malntenance 01: Spec .ial In~erest Groups (S[Ga) in PODAC. r do no1: wish to

have too 10rmal an arran8e~en1: and certainly do not wish to spend too much time IICoord inatin g " wha "t I teel can gene rally eKist In rela1:ive freedom.

What They Are

Groups 01' ARC 'IIlembers interested In a. particular subJect (hopeLully POD related, whatever that means, bu't not too far afield) aay invest their 1:ime and POD scrip resources (where neeessary-- 10r speaker honoraria, ~or exafllple) in SpeciaL In terest Groups which meet as long as the sUbJec1: Is 0;1

interest to ttl0 group.

[ hope that g roups would be of at leas1: five .embers be1'ore bein g considered SIGs . This will not be a hard and fast

1

2

2a

rule. 2al

Of course, you may be more than one S [G. 2a2

C~rrently operational and proposed S lGB include: 2b

Lan g uag es -- see Jacques Vallee 2bl

POD t'-'lchnJques -- See "Di rk van Nouhuys 2b2

ARC EnvJronmen1: -- See Marilyn Auerbach 2b3

EducatJon and CO"ll'lpu-ters -- Sec Pfl.ul Rec h 2b4

Computers and Soc Iety -- See Harvey r.ehtman 2b5

When They Will Meet 3

Ueetin@ tiaes should be clefl.red to elimin&te con~licts as much as possible. A POD bulletin board _Jlt be available to keep AR C In g eneral aware o -t S[G a.ctivities. SpecIal seminars and ~roup actlvities may be est&blLshed by S[Gs working throug h the respective PQDAC coordina1:ora. 3a

Kow- to Es1'ablish One 4

To create a SIG, convince "II'Ie 01 the need, ~et some people to gether, and pu't a no1:ice in tbe Journal and on the POD board.. PARSLEY, I SU llpose, ShouLd consider ch&rterin g S1Gs, but I guess what each ARC member does wi th POD scrip is hIs or

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MGL t5-AUG-72 13: 38 The tf ew PODAC SIG e

her own business (wlthjn reason and the _hll1 of the S 'lG co ord l ne tor) .

2

11493

4.

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HGL 15-AUG ..... 72 13:38 11493 The New PODAC SrGs

tJl1493) 1 5 -A UG-7213:38; Title: Author(s': Harvey G . Lehtillan/HGL; Dist rlbutJ on: Aua;mento:tion Resea. rch Handbook, Kirk E . Kelley, N. Dea.n Neyer , .Kay F. By·rd, R aLph P rather, James E. White , Jacques F . Vallee, D i ane S . Kaye ., Paul R echt Mic hael D. K.udilck , Don Limu1:i, Wlllio.UII R. Fer (Ell.son , LInda L. Lu.ne, Marilyn F . Auerbach, Wal t Hass, Doug las C. E ngelbart, Beauregard A. Hardeman, Martin E . Hardy , J. D. Hopper, C harles H. Irby, aut E. Jernigan, Har vey G. Lehtnlan, Jeanne B . North, Jtunes C. Norton, Cindy Page , Wi llia,.. H. Paxton , Jet"frey C . Pe ters, Jake Ratlli'f', Barbara E. Row, Ed K . Van De Rlet, D irk H. van NouhuyB, Kenneth E . Victor, Donald C . Wallace, R ichard W. Wa-tson, Don I. A n d rews/S R [-A.WC; S ub-Collect Ions: SRI -A.RC; C l e rk: HOL; O riFln: (LEUT WAN) SIG .N·LS; 2 , 15-AUG-72 13:33 HOL ;

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KIRK 15-AUG"""t,72 14:23 11494 podscrlp proposal

(KELLEY)PODSCRJP.NLS;t, lS-AUG-72 13:26 KI RK;

P~D SC RIP is a proposed method of distributin g and account~ng ;tor the nou-payroll money allocated to PODAC by the EMC.

Each individual in the ARC would ha.ve an equal portIon 01 the muncy kept In his name to do with as he pleased in PODAC. A calendar 01 proposed PODAC functions w~th the per person cost :for each, if RDY, would he provided by the Parsley Coml1littee .. From this lIst, one could choose how she/he wishes to spend his/her portion oL the money. [1 not enoug h people wish to support the cost o~ any particular expensive actIvity, it would ~ot happen wIth ~uod s ori g inally allocated to PODAC.

One proposal for insurin g a minimal d eg ree of participation in PO DAC even if 1 tIs on ly to e ln l>lias 1 ze tha t NOT TO CHOOSE an activity rs TO CHOOSE tu reject the actIvity Lor you at that tilne., Is .lor each person to choose whlch activities to s upport by elIminating his name 1rOM those activities he/she canno~ aftord. This way, the PODSCRIP allocated to those who refuse tu even purtlclpate by g ivin g the nes a1.1 ve feedback o:t what they d on't lIke, will not be lost. That Ls, unwanted PODSCRIP would not be :frozen.

'I would keep an account for p.very inrHvldual In the ARC and each proposed ",ctivi ty with a per person cost. That cost wnuld be trans ,terred trom the uccound o.l each p ersetn vho did n o t take his/her name 01t of an activity to the account :for that activity. Presumedly 1 would know exactly how n.1uch Lnoney was in each account at all times.

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KIRK J.5- AUG~12 14:23 11494 podscrip p roposal

(J1l 494 ) t S- AUG-72 14: 23; T i tle: Autkor(s): KIrk E~ Kelley/I(l R"; Dist rIbution: Di r k H ~ van Nouhuys , Donald C . Walt~ce , Warilyn F . Auerbach, K irk B . Kelley, Rar ve y G . Lehtman , J~ O . Hopper , Donald NcC rack e n, Mit E . Jernigan , Linda L . Lane / DVN DeW MFA KIRK HGL JOR OM N.SJ LLL; S U b-Col lections: SKT-ARC ; C lerk: KIRK;