S. MARHEFKA2010-2011

The Present Subjunctive

The Subjunctive

Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

The Subjunctive

Aprendo francés para mi viaje.

Yo estudio mucho antes de sufrir un examen.

Nosotros comemos en la cafetería.

The Subjunctive

Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

The Subjunctive

We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú, +/-Ud. and +/-Uds. commands.

The Subjunctive

We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings (the opposite endings).

The SubjunctiveFor -ar verbs:

e emos es éis

e enFor -er/-ir verbs:

a amos as áis

a an

SALTAR – to jump

salte

saltes

salte

saltemos

saltéis

salten

CONOCER – to know

conozca

conozcas

conozca

conozcamos

conozcáis

conozcan

DECIR – to say/tell

diga

digas

diga

digamos

digáis

digan

The Subjunctive

The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and +/- Ud./+/- Uds. commands.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

Remember that “yo-go” verbs in the present-tense keep the “g” in the present subjunctive.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

hacer hag-o haga

tener teng-o tenga

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

caersedecirhacerponersalirtenertraer

(me) caigodigohagopongosalgotengotraigo

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spelling change in order to maintain the original sound.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

buscar busco busque

pagar pago pague

cruzar cruzo cruce

The Subjunctive

We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

Algunas expresiones que necesitan el subjuntivo

Preferir (ie)InsistirQuerer (ie)AconsejarRecomendar(ie)ProhibirExigir(g>j in yo)

To preferTo insistTo wantTo adviseTo recommendTo prohibitTo demand

¡A practicar!

I prefer that…José insists thatWe want thatMy mom advises

thatYou recommend

thatThey prohibit

thatY’all demand that

Yo prefiero queJosé insiste queQueremos queMi mamá aconseja

queTú recomiendas

queEllos prohiben queVosotros exigéis

que

The Subjunctive

A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.

For example:

The Subjunctive

Quiero que tú respires lentamente.

I want (that) you to breathe slowly.

The Subjunctive

Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.

I suggest that you drink water before running.

The Subjunctive

El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos.

The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.

The Subjunctive

You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as es necesario…es bueno…and es importante…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.

Expresiones impersonales

Es importante que Es necesario que Es bueno que Es raro que Es (im) posible que Es lógico que Es (im)probable que Es peor que Es mejor que Es dificil que Es increíble que Es preciso que Ojalá que

It is important that It is necessary that It is good that It is rare that It is (im) possible that It is logical that It is (im) probable that It is worse that It is better that It is difficult that It is incredible that It is necessary that May Allah grant that (I hope

that)

The Subjunctive

Es necesario que hagas ejercicio.It’s necessary that you do exercise.

Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien.

It’s important that the young people eat well.

The Subjunctive

Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

2 Clauses

Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francésIndependent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb

Separated by the word “que”

Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”

Indicative Verb

Subjunctive Verb

The Subjunctive

The first subject uses the present indicative (tense) verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

The Subjunctive

Verbs that are often followed by que + subjunctive:

decirinsistir ennecesitarpermitirpreferir (e > ie)

prohibir querer (e > ie) recomendar (e >

ie) sugerir (e > ie)

¡A practicar!

It’s important that you don’t fall from the roof!

I insist that they look for a job.

It is hoped that we pay for the tickets on time.

My mom demands that I tell the truth.

They want us to set the table now.

¡Es importante que no te caigas del techo!

Insisto que ellos busquen un trabajo.

Ojalá que paguemos los billetes/entradas a tiempo.

Mi mamá exije que yo diga la verdad.

Quieren que nosotros pongamos la mesa ahora.

Verbos y expresiones de recomendación e influencia

Preferir QUEInsistir QUEQuerer QUEAconsejar QUERecomendar

QUE

Prohibir QUEExigir QUE

To prefer THATTo insist THATTo want THATTo advise THATTo recommend THATTo prohibit THATTo demand THAT

Duda o incertidumbre

GHS prohibits that the students wear bathing suits in class.

You prefer that Susana does her homework at home.

We advise that the 1st year students use a backpack.

Manuel wants us to call him at 8:00.

I recommend that they eat before going to the movies.

GHS prohibe que los alumnos lleven trajes de baño en clase.

Prefieres que Susana haga la tarea en casa.

Aconsejamos que los alumnos del 1er año usen una mochila.

Manuel quiere que lo llamemos a las 8.

Recomiendo que coman antes de ir al cine.

EmociónAlegrarse queEsperar queSentir queTener miedo de que

Lamentar queMolestar queSorprender queGustar que

To be happy thatTo hope thatTo be sorry thatTo be afraid thatTo regret thatTo be bothered thatTo be surprised that

To like that

¡A practicar!

I like that GHS is big.My dad is afraid that my

sister doesn’t study enough.

It bothers him that we have many exams.

My grandfather regrets that my grandmother is not going to graduation.

We are happy that classes end soon!

Me gusta que GHS sea grande.

Mi papá tiene miedo de que mi hermana no estudie bastante.

Le molesta que tengamos muchos exámenes.

Mi abuelo lamenta que mi abuela no vaya/asista a la graduación.

¡Nos alegramos que las clases terminen pronto!

Mandatos y órdenes

Pedir que Mandar que

Decir que***when telling someone

to do something***

Exigir que

To ask thatTo order that

To tell thatTo demand that

¡A practicar!I ask that the students

study a lot before the exams.

My mom tells my sister to drive carefully.

The encomenderos order that the indians convert to Catholicism.

You demand that I help you study for the Spanish exam?

Pido que los alumnos estudien mucho antes de los exámenes.

Mi madre le dice que mi hermana conduzca con cuidado.

Los encomenderos mandan que los indios conviertan al catolicismo.

¿Exiges que yo te ayude estudiar para el examen de español?

¡Ojo! Son diferentes:

subjuntivo

¡Ojo! Son diferentes:

subjuntivo¡Ojo! La diferencia:

indicativo

¡Ojo! La diferencia:

indicativo

Dudo queNo creo queNo pienso queNo estoy seguro queNo es cierto queParece mentira queNo es verdad que No es evidente que

No dudo queCreo quePienso queEstoy seguro queEs cierto queNo parece mentira

queEs verdad queEs evidente que

Duda e incertidumbre

¡A practicar!I doubt that we have

enough money.I don’t doubt that we have

enough money.You don’t think that the

encomienda sistem is fair.You think that the

encomienda system is fair.We are not sure that it’s

going to rain.We are sure that it is

going to rain.

Dudo que tengamos bastante dinero.

No dudo que tenemos bastante dinero.

No piensas que el sistema de encomiendas sea justo.

Piensas que el sistema de encomiendas es justo.

No estamos seguro que vaya a llover.

Estamos seguro que va a llover.

¡A practicar!It seems a lie that y’all graduate in a month!

It doesn’t seem a lie that y’all graduate in a month!

¡Parece mentira que vosotros os graduéis en un mes!

¡No parece una mentira que vosotros os graduáis en un mes!