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The Present Subjunctive

The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

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Page 1: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Present Subjunctive

Page 2: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

Page 3: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

J’apprends l’espagnol pour le voyage à Espagne.

Page 4: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

French has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

Page 5: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, as well as to tell, suggest, or recommend what someone else should do.

Page 6: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.

For example:

Page 7: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

Je veux que tu respires lentement.

I want you to breathe slowly.

Page 8: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

Je sugère que tu boive de l’eau avant de courir.

I suggest that you drink water before running.

Page 9: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

L’extreneur demande que les athlètes etirent les muscles.

The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.

Page 10: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as il est necessaire… il est bien…and il est important…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.

Page 11: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

Il est necessaire que tu fasses les exercices.

It’s necessary that you do exercise. Il est important que les jeunes gens

mangent bien. It’s important that the young people

eat well.

Page 12: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

Page 13: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

2 Clauses

Elle sugère que j’apprende le français.

Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb

Separated by the word “que”

Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”

Indicative Verb

Subjunctive Verb

Page 14: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

Page 15: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive Expressions that are often followed by the

subjunctive include:• Vouloir (i.e. Je veux)• Il faut que

• Expressions of necessity:• Il est necessaire que• Il est essentiel que• Il faudrait que• Il vaudrait mieux que

Page 16: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive Expressions of possibility or doubt:• Il est possible que• Il se peut que• Je ne crois pas que• Je ne pense pas que• Ça m’étonnerait que• Je ne suis pas sûr/e que• Je ne suis pas certain/e que

Page 17: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

The present subjuntive verb forms are based on the ils/elles forms of the present indicative.

Page 18: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

Drop the indicative ending and add

–e,-es,-e, -ions, -iez, -ent.

Page 19: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

SAUTER – to jump

que je saute

que tu sautes

qu’il saute

qu’elle saute

que nous sautions

que vous sautiez

qu’ils sautent

qu’elles sautent

Page 20: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

SORTIR – to go out

que je sorte

que tu sortes

qu’il sorte

qu’elle sorte

que nous sortions

que vous sortiez

qu’ils sortent

qu’elles sortent

Page 21: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

REPONDRE – to respond

que je réponde

qu tu répondes

qu’il réponde

qu’elle réponde

que nous répondions

que vous répondiez

qu’ils répondent

qu’elles répondent

Page 22: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

The Subjunctive

Most irregular verbs in the

-IR and –RE groups follow a regular pattern in the present subjunctive. These verbs include: lire, écrire, dormir, partir and mettre.

Page 23: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

Certain irregular verbs have regular subjunctive stems but undergo spelling changes in the nous and vous forms that correspond to similar irregularities in the stem of the present indicative.

Page 24: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je croie

que tu croies

qu’il croie

qu’elle croie

que nous croyions

que vous croyiez

qu’ils croient

qu’elles croient

CROIRE – to believe

Page 25: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je voie

que tu voies

qu’il voie

qu’elle voie

que nous voyions

que vous voyiez

qu’ils voient

qu’elles voient

VOIR – to see

Page 26: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je prenne

que tu prennes

qu’il prenne

qu’elle prenne

que nous prenions

que vous preniez

qu’ils prennent

qu’elles prennent

PRENDRE – to have, take

Page 27: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je tienne

que tu tiennes

qu’il tienne

qu’elle tienne

que nous tenions

que vous teniez

qu’ils tiennent

qu’elles tiennent

TENIR – to hold

Page 28: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je boive

que tu boives

qu’il boive

qu’elle boive

que nous buvions

que vous buviez

qu’ils boivent

qu’elles boivent

BOIRE – to drink

Page 29: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je vienne

que tu viennes

qu’il vienne

qu’elle vienne

que nous venions

que vous veniez

qu’ils viennent

qu’elles viennent

VENIR – to come

Page 30: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

Stem-changing verbs undergo the same spelling changes in the present subjunctive as in the present indicative.

Page 31: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que j’achète

que tu achètes

qu’il achète

qu’elle achète

que nous achetions

que vous achetiez

qu’ils achètent

qu’elles achètent

ACHETER – to buy

Page 32: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que j’appelle

que tu appelles

qu’il appelle

qu’elle appelle

que nous appelions

que vous appeliez

qu’ils appellent

qu’elles appellent

APPELER – to call

Page 33: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que j’espère

que tu espères

qu’il espère

qu’elle espère

que nous espérions

que vous espériez

qu’ils espèrent

qu’elles espèrent

ESPÉRER – to hope*

*Préférir, répéter, protéger work the same way

Page 34: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que j’essaie

que tu essaies

qu’il essaie

qu’elle essaie

que nous essayions

que vous essayiez

qu’ils essaient

qu’elles essaient

ESSAYER – to try*

*Verbs ending in –ayer, -oyer and –uyer work the same way

Page 35: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je jette

que tu jettes

qu’il jette

qu’elle jette

que nous jetions

que vous jetiez

qu’ils jettent

qu’elles jettent

JETER – to throw

Page 36: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je lève

que tu lèves

qu’il lève

qu’elle lève

que nous levions

que vous leviez

qu’ils lèvent

qu’elles lèvent

LEVER – to raise*

*Mener, Emmener, and Geler work the same way

Page 37: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je mange

que tu manges

qu’il mange

qu’elle mange

que nous mangions

que vous mangiez

qu’ils mangent

qu’elles mangent

MANGER – to eat*

*Verbs ending in –ger work the same way

Page 38: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

A few verbs have totally irregular stems in the present subjunctive.

Page 39: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que j’aie

que tu aies

qu’il aie

qu’elle aie

que nous ayons

que vous ayez

qu’ils aient

qu’elles aient

AVOIR – to have

Page 40: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je sois

que tu sois

qu’il soit

qu’elle soit

que nous soyons

que vous soyez

qu’ils soient

qu’elles soient

ÊTRE – to be

Page 41: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je veuille

que tu veuilles

qu’il veuille

qu’elle veuille

que nous voulions

que vous vouliez

qu’ils veuillent

qu’elles veuillent

VOULOIR – to want

Page 42: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je puisse

que tu puisses

qu’il puisse

qu’elle puisse

que nous puissions

que vous puissiez

qu’ils puissent

qu’elles puissent

POUVOIR – to be able to

Page 43: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que j’aille

que tu ailles

qu’il aille

qu’elle aille

que nous allions

que vous alliez

qu’ils aillent

qu’elles aillent

ALLER – to go

Page 44: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je sache

que tu saches

qu’il sache

qu’elle sache

que nous sachions

que vous sachiez

qu’ils sachent

qu’elles sachent

SAVOIR – to know

Page 45: The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

que je fasse

que tu fasses

qu’il fasse

qu’elle fasse

que nous fassions

que vous fassiez

qu’ils fassent

qu’elles fassent

FAIRE – to do; to make