January 2013 | Vol. 1 | Issue 10 | Price ` 10

LIMITS OF

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Gtgmfw Zn\-¸-{X-§-fnð Im¼n-tÈcn Icp-Wm-I-c³ tPmen sNbvXp. Xe-Øm\ \K-c-¯nse km[m-cW dnt¸mÀ«À apXð No^v FUn-äÀ ]Zhn hsc \ofpó ssZ\w-Zn\ ]{X-hr-¯n-bpsS Fñm ]S-hp-I-fnepw Ccpó Im¼n-tÈcn A\ym-Zr-iy-amb hen-sbmcp amXr-I-bmWv ae-bmf am[y-a-N-cn-{X-¯nð Fgp-Xn-t¨À¯-Xv...

Im¼ntÈcn IcpWmIcsâ PohNcn{X{KÙw tIcf {]kv A¡mZanbnð \nópw sI.kpµtci³ cNn¨

Im¼ntÈcn, Imew Im¯ph¨ ]{Xm[n]À hne ` 75

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kztZim`nam\nsb \mSpIS¯nb \S]Sn km[qIcn¡m³ ]n.cmPtKm]memNmcn XncphnXmwIqÀ ZÀ_mdnð kaÀ¸n¨ dnt¸mÀ«v. t]Pv 212 hne 35 cq]

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{]mtZinI ]{Xte JIòmÀ¡p thïn FgpXnb Cu ]pkvX Iw apXnÀó ]{X{]hÀ¯IÀ¡pw Hcp ssI¸pkvXIambn D]tbmKn¡mw t]Pv 96 hne 7.50 cq]

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]{X{]hÀ¯ImNm cy\pw tIcfNcn{X ¯nse hnhmZ]pcpj \pambncpó kzcmSv ]{Xm[n]À F. sI. ]nÅbpsS Poh Ncn{Xw. t]Pv 370 hne 135 cq]

aebmf ]{X, kmln Xy, kmwkvImcnI aÞe¯nð \nd ªp\nó {]Xn`mim enbmbncpó hn. Icp WmIc³ \¼ymcpsS PohNcn{Xw.t]Pv 106 hne 60 cq]

{]apJ kzmX{´y kac tk\m\nbpw BZyIme ]{X{]hÀ ¯I\pambncpó Pn.Fw. s\tòenbp sS PohnXw ]cnNb s¸Sp¯pó {KÙw. t]Pv 377 hne 75 cq]

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P\phcn 2013 $ ]pkvXIw 1 $ e¡w 10 $ hne ` 10

08 Hate Speech: Civil Right or Civil Riot? Madabhushi Sridhar

15 Public attention on the Media Ranjona Banerji

18 hmÀ-¯ hnð-¸-\-N-c-¡v B-Ip-t¼mÄ ]n. _k-´v

FUntämdnbð 4{]XnIcWw 6{^w hÀ½mPn, hn¯v eu 25sI. Fð. taml\hÀ½

ap³t] ]dóhÀ 33]n. kpPm-X³

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hmb-\ 43jmPn tP¡_v

Bookshelf 47\yqkv s\äv 48C.]n.jmPpZo³

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22 am-[y-a -{]-hÀ-¯-\-¯nsâ k-ôm-c-]-Y-§Ä tkh-´n ss\-\m³

27 am[y-a hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-se D-bÀ-¨-I-fpw Xm-gv-N-Ifpw F³. ]n. cmtP{µ³

31 Towards a Better Communication Education for India S. Ganesh

38 Women in Media Dr. Shoma A. Chatterji

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\yqkv Hm-^v Z thÄUv t^m¬ tNmÀ¯ð A-]-hmZ-s¯ Xp-SÀ-óv

Xnf¨ P-\-tcm-j-¯n-sâ B-gw Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªmWv {_n-«ojv K-h-

s×âv tem-Uv P-Ìn-kv se-hv-k¬ A-[y-£\m-b H-cp I-½o-j-s\ \n-b-an-¨Xv. cm-Py-s¯ am-[y-a-§Ä ]n-´p-Scp-ó kw-kv-Imcw, {]-hÀ-¯-\ coXn, [mÀ-an-I-X Fónh-sb Ip-dn-¨v B-g-¯nð ]Tn-¡m-\pw P-\-hn-cp-²am-b {]-h-W-X-IÄ \n-b-{´n-¡m-\p-Å \-S-]-SnIÄ ip-]mÀ-i sN-¿m\p-am-bn-cp-óp I-½o-j-t\m-Sv \nÀ-t±-in-¨n-cp-óXv. aÀ-tUm-¡n-sâ \yqkv Hm-^v Z thÄ-Uv ]-{X-¯n-\v F-Xn-sc am-{X-añ, Cu Imes¯ am-[y-a-co-Xn-IÄ-s¡-Xn-sc sam-¯-¯nðX-só cq-£am-b P-\-tcm-j-w D-b-cp-óp-ïv FómWv Cu kw-`-h-§Ä hy-à-am-¡n-bXv. A-t\z-j-W I-½o-j³ k-aÀ-¸n-¨ dn-t¸mÀ-«n-s\-Xp-SÀ-óv {_n-«-\nð D-bÀ-ó ]pXnb hn-hm-Z-hpw C-Xv B-hÀ-¯n-¨v sh-fn-hm-¡p-ópïv.

2000 t]-Pv h-cp-ó dn-t¸mÀ-«mWv tem-Uv P-Ìn-kv se-hv-k¬ 2012 \-h-¼-dnð k-aÀ-¸n-¨Xv. Nne ip-]mÀ-i-IÄ hn-hm-Z-§Ä-¡n-S-bm-¡n-bn«pïv. A-Xn-te-ähpw {]-[m-\-am-bXv, {_n-«-\nð \n-e-hn-ep-Å {]-kv Iw-s¹-bvâv-kv I-½oj-\v ]I-cw a-sämcp kzX-{´ kw-hn-[m-\w D-ïm-¡-W-sa-ópÅ-Xm-Wv. \-½psS {]-kv Iu¬-kn-en-\v k-am-\-am-Wv {_n-«-\n-se {]-kv Iw-s¹-bvâv-kv I-½oj³. ]-cm-Xn-IÄ ]-cn-K-Wn-¡m-\ñmsX Ip-ä-¡m-sc in-£n-¡m-s\mópw c-ïv I-½o-j\pw A-[n-Im-c-an-ñ. P-Ìn-kv se-hvk-sâ dn-t¸mÀ-«n-se Im-Xem-b H-cp-Im-cy-an-XmWv. ]ñnñm-¸p-en-bm-bn H-cp I-½o-j³ am-[y-a-cwK-¯v D-ïm-b-Xp-sIm-ïv H-cp Im-cy-hp-anñ. \n-b-{´Wm[n-Im-c-ap-Å I-½o-j³ th-Ww.

kzm-`m-hn-I-ambpw Cu in-]mÀ-i \o-ïp-\nó hn-hm-Z-§Ä-¡v Xn-cn-sIm-fp-¯n. AXn-t¸mgpw sI-«-S-§n-bn-«nñ. s]-«-sómópw sI-«-S-§p-I-bp-anñ.

C-t¸mgs¯ {]-kv Iu¬-knð sN-bÀ-am³ P-Ìn-kv amÀ-¡tÞ-b I-Sv-Pphpw ap³ sN-bÀ-am³-amcpw B-hÀ-¯n¨p]-d-ªn-«pïv, {]-kv Iu¬-knð sh-dp-sam-cp amÀtKm-]-tZ-i-I kw-hn-[m-\-am-bn-cp-ómð t]m-c F-ó-v. Cu A-`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\w X-só \o-ï NÀ-¨-I-fn-te-¡v \-bn-¡m-dp-ïv. {]-kv Iu-¬-kn-en-\v Iq-Sp-Xð A-[n-Im-cw F-ó B-i-b-t¯m-Sv hen-b F-XnÀ-¸nñm¯-hÀ t]mepw {]-kv Iu¬-kn-en-\v in-£m-[n-Im-cw In«-Ww F-ó -A-`n-{]m-b-t¯mSv tbm-Pn-¡m-dnñ. Cu s]m-Xp-hn-Im-cw am-dp-óp F-ó-Xn-sâ kq-N-\-I-fm-Wv {_n-«-\nð \n-óv \-ap-¡v e-`n-¡p-ó-Xv.

am-[y-a-§Ä-¡v tað \n-b-{´-Ww GÀ-s¸-Sp¯-Ww F-óv C-´y-bnð kÀ-¡mÀ I-½o-j-\p-Itfm tIm-S-Xn-Itfm C-Xph-sc \nÀ-t±-in-¨-Xm-bn A-dn-bnñ. \n-b-{´-Ww th-Ww F-óv B-h-iy-s¸-Spó-Xv ]-{X-kzm-X-{´y-¯n-s\-Xncm-b -\o-¡-am-tb ]-{X-§fpw H-cp ]-cn-[n-tbm-fw P-\-§fpw I-cp-Xm-dpÅq. H-cp ]m-Sv Ip-ä-§fpw Ip-d-hp-Ifpw A-]m-I-§fpw am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\-¯n-ep-ïv F-ó Im-cy-¯nð am-[y-a-cw-K-¯p-Å-hÀ-¡p-t]mepw A-`n-{]m-b hy-Xym-k-ap-ïm-Inñ. F-ómð am-[y-a-\n-b-{´-Ww am-[y-a-kzm-X-{´yw C-ñm-Xm¡pw F-ó Im-cy-¯nð s]m-Xp-sh A-`n-{]m-b k-a-\z-b-apïv. \n-b-{´-Ww thWw, ]-t£ A-Xv am-[y-a-§Ä kz-b-taÀ-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bm-Wv thï-Xv F-óm-Wv am-[y-a-§Ä DÄ-s¸-sS Fñm A-`n-{]m-b \nÀ-am-Xm-¡fpw ]-d-bm-dp-Å-Xv. d-Kp- te-jt\m skð-^v d-Kp-te-jt\m F-ó tNm-Zy-¯n-\v C-hn-sS F-t¸mgpw skð-^v d-Kp-te-j³ F-ó D-¯-c-¯n-te F-¯m-dpÅq. s]m-Xp-k-aq-lw C-Xn-semópw h-ep-Xm-bn C-S-s]-Sm-dn-sñ-¦n-epw k-aq-lw X-§Ä-s¡m-¸-apïv F-ó hn-iz-k-¯nepw \m-Sy-¯n-ep-am-Wv am-[y-a-k-aq-lw Fópw s]-cp-am-dm-dp-Å-Xv.

F-s´ñmw d-Kp-teä-dn kw-hn-[m-\w D-ïm-bmepw A-sXm-ópw am-[y-a-§-fn-ep-Åhsc in-£n-¡p-ó-Xn-te-¡v F-¯n-¡q-Sm F-ó Im-cy-¯nð am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\ cw-K-¯p-Å-hÀ G-Im-`n-{]m-b-¡m-cm-Wv. D-]-tZ-ihpw hn-aÀ-i-\hpw £-an-¡mw, in-£ th-ï F-óXm-Wv \n-e-]mSv. ]-{X-¯n-s\-Xn-sc {]-kv Iu¬-knð hn-[n ]-d-ªmð B hn-[n {]-kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯m-\p-Å a-cym-Z

EditorN. P. RajendranChairman, Kerala Press Academy

Editorial BoardE. P. ShajuddeenChief News Editor, Mangalam, KozhikodeN. RajeshNews Editor, Madhyamam, KozhikodeM. P. SuryadasChief Sub Editor, Mathrubhumi, KozhikodeP. SujathanPolitical Editor, Veekshanam, KochiT. R. MadhukumarNews Editor, Deshabhimani, KozhikodeC. N. MohananManager, Deshabhimani, Kochi

Editorial AssistantP. Salil

Design & LayoutPraveen Ophelia

Printer & PublisherV. G. RenukaSecretary, Kerala Press Academy

Address'Media'Kerala Press Academy Kakkanad, Kochi - 682 030Phone: 0484 2422275E-Mail: media.kpa@gmail.comWebsite: www.pressacademy.org

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t]mepw ]-e ]-{X-§fpw Im-Wn-¡m-dnñ. {]-kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯-W-sa-óv \nÀ-_-Ôn-¡m-\p-Å A-[n-Im-cw t]m-epw {]-kv Iu¬-kn-en-\nñ F-ó-Xm-Wv Z-b-\o-bam-b k-Xyw. C-sXmópw s]m-Xp-k-aq-lw A-dn-bm-dnñ. ]-{X-kzm-X-{´yw kp-{]-[m-\-amWv. kzm-X-{´yw D-]-tbm-K-s¸- Sp¯n am-[y-a-§Ä k-aq-l-¯n-\v hn-e-s¸-« tk-h-\-§Ä G-sd \ð-In-bn-«pïv, \m-sf \ð-Ip-Ibpw sN-¿pw. ]t£, [m-cm-fw i-cn sN-¿p-óp F-óXv Fñm sX-äp-IÄ¡pw Ip-ä-§Ä-¡pw s]m-Xp-am-¸v In«m-\p-Å Im-c-W-am-tI-ï-Xp-tïm F-óv P-Ìn-kv se-hv-k¬ X-sâ dn-t¸mÀ-«nð tNm-Zn-¡p-óp-ïv. th-sd H-cp cw-K-¯pw Cu A-h-Ø-bnñ. B-bn-cw icn sN-bv-Xmepw sN-¿pó H-cp sX-än-sâ in-£ A-\p-`-hn-t¨ Xocq. `q-cn]-£w \ñ-h-cm-Wv Fó-Xv \yq-\-]-£am-b sX-äp-ImÀ-¡v c-£-s¸-Sm-\p-Å \ym-bo-I-c-W-am-hp-ónñ. am-[y-a-kzm-X-{´y-¯n-\v km-[m-c-W a-\p-jyÀ in-£-b-\p-`-hn-t¡-ï Im-cy-ta-bnñ þ P-kv-änkv se-hv-k¬ Nq-ïn-¡m-«póp.

in-£n-¡-s¸-«, C-c-bm-¡-s¸-« h-en-sbm-cp hn-`m-Kw km-[m-c-W P-\-§Ä {_n-«-\n-ep-ïv Fóv Cu A-t\zj-Ww sh-fn-hm-¡n. am-[y-a-§-fmð ]o-Un-¸n-¡-s¸-« A-t\-I-am-fp-IÄ se-hv-k¬ I-½o-j³ ap-¼msI sX-fn-hp-\ð-Im³ F¯n. kz-´w [mÀan-I kw-ln-X-IÄ¡p t]mepw hn-e Ið-¸n-¡m-sX-bmWv am-[y-a-§Ä X-§-fp-sS I¨-h-S Xm-ev-]-cy-§Ä kw-c-£n-¨-sX-óv ]-e h-«w hm-Zn-¡-s¸«p. G-sd \n-c-]-cm-[n-I-fp-sS Po-hn-XwX-só X-IÀ-¡-s¸-«-Xn-sâ sR-«n-¡p-ó I-Y-IÄ sh-fn-s¸«p. hmÀ-¯ In-«m³ th-ïn sN-bvX Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-§-tfsd. km-[m-c-W a-\p-jy-cp-sS kz-Im-cy-X-IÄ-¡p-t]mepw ]pñphne. X-§-tfm-Sv tNm-Zn-¡m\pw ]-d-bm\pw B-cp-anñ F-ó A-lw-`m-hw ]e am-[ya¡m-scbpw \-bn¨p. t]m-eokpw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw A-h-cpsS ]-e ZpÀ-ó-S-]-Sn-IÄ¡pw Iq-«p-\nóp. C-sXñmw- A-¡-an-«v hn-h-cn-¨p-sIm-ïmWv P-Ìnkv se-hv-k¬ X-sâ hn-hm-Zam-b ip-]mÀ-i-IÄ ap-tóm-«p-sh-¨Xv.

am-[y-a-§Ä-s¡-Xncm-b ]-cm-Xn ]-cn-tim-[n-¡m\pw [mÀan-I a-cym-Z-Ifpw hy-h-Ø-Ifpw \n-b-ahpw ew-Ln-¡p-t¼mÄ in-£n-¡m-\p-ap-Å Hcp kzX{´ kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-\v cq-]w \ð-Ip-ó-Xn-te-¡v \-bn-¡p-am-bn-cp-ó dn-t¸mÀ-«mWv P-Ìn-kv se-hv-k¬ k-aÀ¸n-¨-Xv. {]-[m-\-a-{´n Im-a-dq¬, C-¯-c-sam-cp IÀ-i-\ am-[y-a-\n-b-{´-Ww km-[y-añ F-ó \n-e-]m-sS-Sp¯-Xv s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-¯nð tcm-j-am-Wv D-ïm-¡n-bXv. H-cp ]m-Sv am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-Icpw ]-{Xm-[n-]-òmcpw dn-t¸mÀ-«n-\v A-\p-Iq-e-am-bn cw-K-¯p-hóp. {_n-«-\nð C-Xp-kw-_-Ôn-¨ NÀ-¨-IÄ A-h-km-\n-¨n-«nñ.

P-Ìnkv se-hv-k¬ I-½o-j-sâ ip-]mÀ-i-IÄ Xð-¡m-ew K-h-s×âv kzo-I-cn-¨n-«nñm-bn-cn-¡mw. ]t£, ip-]mÀ-i-IÄ-¡v H-¸-am-Wv s]mXpk-aq-l-sa-ó hy-àam-b kq-N-\ h-óp-I-gnªp. am-[y-a-cwK-¯v kz-bw \n-b-{´-W-ta ]m-SpÅq, H-cp X-c-¯n-ep-ap-Å in-£m-hy-h-Ø-Ifpw ]m-Snñ F-óo c-ïv ]-g-¡-ta-dn-b X-¯z-§Ä ZpÀ-_-e-am-Ip-óp F-ó-m-Wv {_n-«o-jv A-\p`-hw hn-fn-¨p-]-d-bp-óXv. am-[y-a-§Ä-¡v ap-¼v Ið-¸n-¨ hn-etbm B-Z-cthm hn-izm-ky- X-tbm k-aq-lw C-t¸mÄ I-ev-¸n-¡p-ónñ. P-\m-[n-]-Xy-tem-I-s¯-¼mSpw Cu {]h-W-X i-àn {]m-]n-¡p-I-bmWv. am-[y-a-kzm-X-{´yw th-ï co-Xn-bnð D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m-¯-Xn-sâtbm Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sN-bv-X-Xn-sâtbm ^-e-am-Wv CXv. {_n-«-\nð am{Xw kw-`-hn-¨Xñ, C-´y-bnð kw-`-hn-¡m-\n-cn-¡p-ó-Xp-am-Wv CXv. H-cp ]m-Sv \ñ Im-cy-§Ä {_n-«o-jv am-[y-a-§Ä am-{Xañ, C-´y³ am-[y-a-§fpw sN-¿p-ópïv. ]-t£, s]m-Xp-k-aql-s¯ A-kz-Ø-am-¡p-ó A-[mÀ-an-I-X-IÄ B-hÀ-¯n-¨p-sIm-ïn-cp-ómð C-Xv am-[y-a§-sf A-]-I-S-¯n-se-¯n¡pw F-óXp-X-só--Xm-Wv \mw DÄ-s¡m-tÅ-ï ]mTw.

tIcf {]kv A¡mZan `cW kanXnsNbÀam³: F³. ]n. cmtP{µ³ (sU]yq«n FUnäÀ, amXr`qan) sshkv sNbÀam³: sI. kn. cmPtKm]mð (aebmfat\mca, {]knUâv, sI.bp.U»yp.sP.)FIvknIyq«ohv t_mÀUv: Fw. Fkv. chn (amt\Pn§v UbdÎÀ, tIcfIuapZn), F³. cmtPjv (\yqkvFUnäÀ, am[yaw, tImgnt¡mSv), F. ^ntdmkv (UbdÎÀ, ]»nIv dntej³kv), sk{I«dn (^n\m³kv Un¸mÀ«vsaâv), sk{I«dn (P\dð AUvan\nt{Ìj³) P\dð Iu¬knð: Sn. BÀ. a[pIpamÀ (kvt]mÀSvkv FUnäÀ, tZim`nam\n, sIm¨n), C. ]n. jmPp±o³ (No^v \yqkv FUnäÀ, awKfw, tImgnt¡mSv), Fw. ]n. kqcyZmkv (No^v k_v FUnäÀ, amXr`qan, tImgnt¡mSv), Fkv. _nPp (No^v tImÀUnt\än§v FUnäÀ, Gjyms\äv \yqkv, Xncph\´]pcw), kn. F³. taml\³ (amt\PÀ, tZim`nam\n, sIm¨n), _nPp hÀ¤okv (amt\Pn§v FUnäÀ, awKfw), ]n. ]n. k®n (amt\Pn§v UbdÎÀ, Zo]nI), sI. Fw. tdmbv (ko\nbÀ tPWenÌv), It¡mS³ apl½Zv (P\dð amt\PÀ, N{µnI), hn. F. kenw (sdknUâv amt\PÀ, am[yaw, FdWmIpfw), sP. Fkv. CµpIpamÀ (FIvknIyq«ohv FUnäÀ, Pbvlnµv Snhn), hn. cmPtKm]mð (sU]yq«n FUnäÀ, amXr`qan, tImgnt¡mSv), ]n. kpPmX³ (s]mfnän¡ð FUnäÀ, ho£Ww), t__n amXyp (amt\Pn§v UbdÎÀ & sshkv sNbÀam³, Poh³ Snhn), sNdpIc k®n eqt¡mkv (kvs]jð Idkvt]mïâv, tIcfiÐw) sk{I«dn: hn. Pn. tcWpI AknÌâ v sk{I«dn: F³. ]n. kt´mjv

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{]XnIcWw

Nmc-t¡-kn-sâ t]-cnð B-ß-]cn-tim-[-\ \-S-t¯ï-hÀ F-óv "ao-Un-b' (H-tÎm-_À e-¡w)

hn-[n-sb-gp-Xn-b, 1994þ95 Ime-¯v Po-hn-¨ ]--{X-{]-hÀ-¯-I-cp-sS- Iq-«-¯nð-s¸-« H-cm-fm-Wv C-sX-gp-Xp-óXv. A-¡me-¯v sh-dp-sXb-§v Po-hn-¡p-I- am{Xañ; ap-J-{]-kw-K-¯nð B-tcm-]n-¡p-ó "AÀ-[-k-Xy-§fpw A-k-Xy-§fpw A-_-²-§-fpw' F-gp-Xn-¡q-«p-ó-Xnð a-Õ-cn-¨, Aó-s¯ Xn-cp-h-\-´-]pc-s¯ hmÀ-¯m _yq-tdm-I-fnð H-ón-sâ km-cYyw h-ln¡p-I Iq-Sn sNbv-X hyàn. tI-c-f-¯n-se G-ähpw {Iq-cam-b am-[y-a-th-«-bp-sS C-c-bm-Wv \-¼n-\m-cm-b-W-s\ópw Aó-s¯ i-cn-sX-äpI-sf Ip-dn-¨p-Å Fñm kw-i-b-§fpw ]-Xn-s\-«p hÀ-j-¯n-\p ti-jw \o-§n-¡-gn-sª-óp-ap-Å \n-co£-Ww sh-Åw tNÀ-¡m-sX hn-gp-§m³ {]-bm-k-ap-Å H-cmÄ.

B-ß-]cn-tim-[-\ \ñ-Xp Xsó. ]-s£ A-Xp sIm-ïp-sN-só-¯n-¡p-ó \n-K-a-\-§Ä Ipsd-sbm-s¡ h-gn-am-dn-bm-Wv t]m-Ip-ó-sX-¦-nð H-«pw A-Ûp-X-s¸-tS-ï-Xnñ. Im-c-W-§Ä ]-e-Xm-Wv. "X-\n-¡p tað h-en-s¨-dn-b-s¸-« am-en-\y-¡q-¼m-c-¯nð \nóp tam-Nn-X-\m-bn Xq-sh-Å ap-Jhpw a-\-Êp-am-bn \-½p-sS ap-ónð \nð-¡p-ó im-kv-{XÚ³' F-ó hn-ti-j-Ww Ip-ä-¡m-c--sñó tIm-S-Xn-hn-[n t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-ó k-I-e-am-\-t]À-¡pw D-Zm-c-ambn NmÀ-¯n-s¡m-Sp-¡m³ \mw X-¿m-dmhptam? 2þPn tI-knð hn-Nm-c-W-bv-¡p ti-jw F.cmPsb tImS-Xn sh-dp-sX hn-Sp-I-bm-sW-¦nð A-t±-l-t¯bpw \o-Xn-am\pw \n-jv-I-f-¦-\p-am-bn sIm-ïm-Sm³ `m-cXo-b k-aq-lw ap-tóm-«p hcp-tam? C-t¸mÄ kn.F.Pn. dn-t¸mÀ-«n-\p ]n-óm-se kp-{]ow tImS-Xn \-S-¯n-b Nn-e ]-cm-aÀ-i-§-fm-Wtñm A-t±-l-¯n-\p ta-ep-Å G-ähpw {][m-\ am-en-\y-¡q-¼m-cw. Nm-c-t¡-k-t\z-j-W-¡me¯v sF.Pn.{io-hm-kv-X-h-s¡-Xn-sc sXfn-shmópw In-«n-bn-sñ-óv kn._n.sF. ]-d-ªn«pw Nm-c-_-Ô-ap-sï-óm-Wv Im-Wp-ó-sX-óm-bn-cp-óp _-lp-am-\-s¸-« tI-cf ssl-t¡m-S-Xn-bp-tSbpw \n-co-£-W-sa-tómÀ-¡Ww. im-kv-{X-Ú³ \n-c-]-cm-[n-bm-sW-óv tIm-S-Xn-bp-sS A-´n-a-hn-[n h-ó-tXm-sS-bm-Wtñm a-e-bm-fn-k-aq-l-¯n-\v Ip-ä-t_m-[w sIm-ïv e-Ön-¨v X-e Xm-gv-t¯-ïn h-ó-Xv. A-tXm-sS C-t¸mÄ ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ B-ß-]cn-tim-[-\ \-S-t¯-ï km-l-Ncyw D-ïm-sb-óp ]-d-bpó-Xp t]m-se F.cm-P Ip-ä-

hn-ap-à-\m-¡-s¸-Sp-ó]-£w kn.F.Pn. F-ó `-c-W-LS-\m Øm-]-\hpw A-Xn-sâ a-\-Ên-te¡pw {]-hÀ-¯n-bn-te¡pw B-g-¯n-en-d-§n-s¨-óv ]cn-tim-[-\ \-S-t¯-ï Øn-Xn-bnem-sb-óp ]-d-tb-ïn h-cntñ?

cm-P-bp-sS Imcyw hn-Smw. A-§s\-sbm-s¡ kw-`-hn-¨mð C-§s\-sbm-s¡ B-hn-tñ F-ó H-cp A-g-sIm-g-¼³ \ym-b-am-bn A-Xn-s\ I-W-¡m-¡mw. F-ómð \-ap-¡v \-½p-sS sXm-«-Sp-¯p X-só-bp-Å km-£mð Ip-ªm-en-¡p-«n-bn-tñ? Hcp sF-kv-{Iow ]mÀ-e-dn-sâ t]-cnð F-{X sImñ-am-bn B am-\y-tZ-lw ]-cn-lm-khpw ]-gnbpw A-]-am-\hpw k-ln-¡p-óp. A-t\z-j-Whpw tI-kp-Ifp-sam-s¡ A-S§n, 2001þ06 Ime-¯v hoïpw a-{´n¸-Wn In-«n-b-t¸mÄ H-ó-aÀ-ón-cp-óv `-cn-¡m³ k-½-Xnt¨m s]m-Xp-k-aq-lw? s]-s«-óv Xm-sg C-d-§n-s¡m-Sp-t¡-ïn h-ón-tñ? Aópw \mw am-[y-a-§Ä h-ln-¨ ]-¦v Nnñ-d-bm-bn-cp-tóm? F-gp-¯p am{Xw t]m-cmª-tñ A-t±-l-¯n-\v t\À-¡v I-cn-s¦m-Sn h-en-s¨-dnª-Xv, \-½p-sS [o-c-k-l-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ. Im-emh-[n Xocpw h-sc c-ïp h-«w F-XnÀ-apó-Wn `-cn-¨n«pw A-Xn-\n-sS ]-e A-t\z-j-W-§fpw ]-e tI-kp-Ifpw \-S-¯n-bn«pw Hópw I-sï-¯m-\m-hm-sX ta-tem-«p t\m-¡nbn-cn-bv-t¡ \-½p-sS BÄ-¡mÀ X-só X-¸n-¸n-Sn¨-tñ sIm-ïp-hó-Xv km-£mð ]o-Un-X-h-\n-X-sb? AXpw sI-«S-§n sImñ-§Ä \o-ï-t¸mg-tñ am-¸p-km-£n-bm-bn ap³ k-l-{]-hÀ-¯-I\m-b _-Ôp-hn-t\bpw F-gp-ó-Ån-¨p \-S-ó-Xv? H-t«-sd A-t\z-j-W-§fpw tI-kp-Ifpw I-gn-ªn-«pw, H-ónepw H-cp sX-fnhpw In-«m-Xn-cp-ón«pw Cópw B I-d am-bm-³ A-\p-h-Zn-¡msX \n-e-\nÀ-¯p-óXpw am-[y-a-§-fp-sS Iq-sS an-Sp-¡p X-só-btñ?

A-t¸mÄ Nn-e-cp-sS Im-cy-¯nð sX-fn-hn-sñ-óv kn._n.sF.]-d-ªmepw tImS-Xn ]-d-ªm-epw a-sämópw t\m-¡-ï, I-®S-¨v hn-iz-kn-¡mw. a-äp Nn-e-cp-sS Im-cy-¯nð km-£mð ssZ-hw-X-¼p-cm³ ]-d-ªmepw hn-iz-kn-¡-cpXv; ssI-¡q-en sIm-Sp-¯v ]-d-bn-¨-Xm-sW-tó ]-d-bmhq þ F-sóm-cp A-enJn-X N-«w C-hn-sS D-sï-óp th-Ww I-cp-Xm³. \-¼n-\m-cm-b-W³ sN-bv-sX-óv ]-d-bp-ó Ip-ä-¯n-\v sXfn-shmópw C-sñ-óp I-ïm-Wv tImS-Xn A-t±l-s¯ Ip-ä-hn-ap-à-\m-¡n-b-Xv. Ip-ªm-en-¡p-«n-bp-sS Im-cy-¯nepw kw-`-hn¨-Xv A-Xp X-só. cm-P-bp-sS Im-cy-¯nepw H-cp

F³. _meIrjvW³

Nmct¡kns\¸än...

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]-s£ A-Xp X-só kw-`-hn-¨p-Iq-sS-óp-anñ. C§-s\ sX-fn-hnñm-¯-Xn-sâ t]-cnð Ip-ä-hn-ap-à-cm-¡-s¸-« F{Xtbm t]-cp-ïv. A-Xnð Øn-cw Ip-ä-hm-fn-Ifpw cm-{ão-b-t\-Xm-¡fpw im-kv-{X-Ú-cS-¡w a-äp sXm-gnð ta-J-e-I-fnð s]-«-h-cp-sam-s¡ I-tï-¡mw. ]-g-b {]-am-Zamb am-S-¯-cp-hn sIm-e-t¡-kv, C-t¸mgpw G-hcpw Xm-Xv-]-cy-]qÀ-hw Däp-t\m-¡p-ó A-`-bm-tI-kv XpS-§n F{Xtbm tI-kp-IÄ. am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ am-{X-añ k-I-e P-\-§fpw e-Ön-¨v X-e Xm-gv-¯n, Xm-gv-¯n I-gp-s¯m-Sn-bm³ th-ï-{X-bp-ïv h-óp-I-gn-ªXpw h-cm-\n-cn-¡p-ó-Xpam-b tI-kp-Ifpw hn-[n-I-fpw.

C-¸-d-ª tI-kp-I-fn-señmw {]-Xn-I-fm-bh-sc Ip-ä-hm-fn-Itfm Ip-ä-hn-ap-à-tcm B-bn {]-Jym-]n-¡m³ \-ap-s¡mópw Bcpw H-c-[n-Im-chpw X-ón-«nñ. A-Xp a-\-Ên-em-¡m-\p-Å hn-th-Iw {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡p-ó-Xn-\mWv \-ap-s¡m-s¡ ssh-ap-Jyw. F-ómð A-¡m-cy-¯nð Hm-tcm-c-p-¯À¡pw Hmtcm hy-Xy-kvX am-\-Z-Þ-§Ä kzo-I-cn-¡p-ó X-c-¯nð hn-thN-\w Im-«p-ó-Xn-\v \-ap-¡v a-Sn-tb-Xp-an-sñ-ó-Xm-Wv hn-Nn-{Xw. hn-h-c-ti-J-c-W-¯n-\v \-½Ä ]-ïpw C-t¸mgpw A-h-ew-_n-¡p-ó G-ähpw A-im-kv-{Xo-bhpw sX-äp-]-äm-hp-ó-Xpam-b co-XnI-sf \-ap-¡v F-fp-¸-¯nð ]-gn-¡mw. ISp-¯ a-Õc-cwK-¯p k-Zm-k-a-bhpw ap-Ån³-ta-se-tóm-Ww \nð-t¡-ïn h-cp-ó am[y-a {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡v Nq-ïn ¡m-Wn-¨p sIm-Sp-¡m³ \-½p-sS ]-¡ð i-cnbm-b h-gn hñ-Xp-aptïm F-óXpw {]-k-àamb tNm-Zy-am-Wv. ]m-In-Øm-\n im-kv-{X-Ú³ Xn-cp-h-\-´-]pc-¯v X-¼-Sn-¨v ]-e im-kv-{X-Ú-cp-am-bn NÀ-¨ \-S-¯n-sbópw C-´y-bp-sS d-UmÀ c-lkyw ]m-In-Øm-\v tNmÀ-¯n-s¡m-Sp-¯-Xmbn sF.F-kv.BÀ.H. im-kv-{X-Ú³ Ip-ä-k½-Xw \-S-¯n-sbóp-sam-s¡ kw-i-b-te-i-sas\y X-«n-aq-fn-¡p-ó co-Xn H«pw B-im-ky-a-sñ-óp ]-d-bm-sX h-¿. F-g-pXp-ó-Xn-sâ bp-àn kz-bw t_m-[y-s]-Sp-¯m-s\-¦nepw H-cp \n-an-jw B-tem-Nn-¨p t\m-t¡-ï-Xtñ?

hn-aÀi-\w AÀ-ln-¡p-ó A-Xn-s\-sbñmw X-Ån¸-d-bp-t¼mÄ X-só H-cp-Imcyw ]-d-bm-Xn-cn-¡m-\m-hnñ. Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-c-¯v Nm-c-hr-¯n kw-i-bn-¨v tI-sk-Sp-¡p-I, am-en-¡mcm-b c-ïp h-\n-X-IÄ A-d-Ìn-em-hp-I, sF.F-kv.BÀ.H.hn-se Nn-e im-kv-{XÚ-sc I-Ì-Un-bn-se-Sp-¯v

tNmZyw sN¿p-I XpS-§n kw-`-h-§-fp-sS H-cp ]c-¼-c X-só D-ïm-hp-t¼mÄ A-¡me-¯v am-{X-añ C-¡m-e-¯m-bmepw A-sXm-s¡ hmÀ-¯-I-f-tñ? A-sXñmw I-ïn-sñ-óp \-Sn-¨v ]-{X-{]-hÀ¯-\w \-S-¯m³ A-óm-bmepw C-óm-bmepw km-[y-amIp-tam? Iq-Sm-sX tI-{µ-Câ-en-P³-kv _yq-tdmbpw tIc-f-t]m-eo-kn-se G-ähpw k-aÀ-°\m-b D-tZym-KØ-sâ t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-ep-f-f {]-tXy-I kw-Lhpw tNÀ-ó-t\z-jn-¨ tI-kv Iq-Sn-bm-W-sX-tómÀ-¡-Ww. A-Xn-\n-S-bv-¡m-Wv Aó-s¯ {]-[m-\-a-{´nbpw kn._n.sF.U-b-d-Î-dpw H-tc-ka-bw bm-sXm-cp {]-tXy-I ]-cn-]m-Sn-bp-anñm-sX Xn-cp-h-\-´-]pc-¯p h-óv c-ïp \mÄ X-§nb-Xv. A-Xv F-´n-s\-ó tNm-Zy-¯n-\v C-\nbpw Xr-]v-Xn-I-camb D¯-cw In-«m-¯-Xn-sâ -s]m-cp-fpw tX-S-¯-¡-X-sñ-óv Nm-c-t¡-kv am-[y-a-§Ä ssI-Imcyw sNbv-X co-Xnsb C-cp-ï A-[ym-b-am-bn hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡p-ó ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-I-c-S-¡-ap-Å-hÀ-¡v XoÀ-¯p ]-d-bm-\mhp-tam?

A-t¸mÄ ]nsó F-´m-Wv C-Xnð \n-sóm-s¡ a-\-Ên-em-¡m³ I-gn-bp-ó-Xv? A-óv ]-{X-§Ä Nm-c-t¡-kn-s\ F§-s\ B-tLm-jn¨pthm A-Xn-sâ ]-Xn³-aS-§v ho-cy-t¯m-sS ]pXn-b am-[y-a-§Ä, B tI-kn-s\ A-Xn-Po-hn-¨ \-¼n-\m-cm-bW-sâ hn-P-b-s¯ sIm-ïm-Sp-óp, H-cp X-cw hmin-tbm-sS F-óp am-{Xw. A-tX-ka-bw hmÀ-¯m D-d-hn-S-§-fp-tSbpw Ah-sb B-{i-bn-¨v {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó am-[y-a-§-fp-tSbpw kz-`m-hhpw co-Xn-Ifpw H-s¡ ]-ï-t¯-Xnð \n-óv H«pw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-Im-¯ \n-e-bnð Xp-S-cp-Ibpw sN-¿p-óp. B-SpI-sf ]-«n-Ifpw ]-«nI-sf B-SpI-fpw B-¡p-ó {]-{In-b \nÀ-_m-[w Xp-S-cpóp. A§-s\ ]-«n-I-fm-¡-s¸-«-h-sc am-[y-a-§Ä \nÀ±-bw Xñn-s¡mñm-dm-¡p-óp. tIm-S-Xn-I-fmI-s« C-Xn-\n-S-bnð A-h-sc-s¡m-ïm-hp-ó hn-[-¯nð X-cmX-cw t]m-se ]ncn ap-dp-¡p-Itbm A-b-bv-¡p-Itbm sN-bvXp-sIm-ïp-an-cn-¡p-óp þ A-\-kyqXw. C-Xn-\n-S-bnð BÀ-¡pw B-scbpw ]-gn Nm-cm-hp-ó Ah-Ø. h-gn-bnð Xq-¡n-bn-« sNï t]m-se ku-I-cy-¯n-\v ]-{X-¡m-cp-ï-tñm? sIm-s«-Sm sIm-«v...

teJIsâ Cþsabvð: nbalakrishnan48@yahoo.com

Nmct¡kpambn _Ôs¸«v aoUnb HtÎm_À e¡¯nð {]kn²oIcn¨ FUntämdnbent\mSpÅ {]XnIcWw.Nmct¡knð am[ya§Ä ]qÀ®ambpw sXäp sNbvsXóv F§s\ ]dbm\mIpw Fóv tNmZn¡póp A¡me¯v amXr`qan Xncph\´]pcw _yqtdm No^mbncpó teJI³

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Free speech does not include the hate speech. Incitement to an offence cannot be part of

expression right. Provoking communal hatred is unconstitutional for any political party which is supposed to take oath to abide by the Constitution. If true, as it appears to be from the video recordings available on social media, Akbaruddin saying 25 crore Muslims are powerful enough to confront rest of Hindus, is an unwarranted declaration of hostility against a huge population that could attract the penal provision of waging war. At the same time speaking with same vigour and provocation in retaliation to Akbaruddin speeches by Hindu religious leaders is communally problematic. Alleged hate speech by Akbaruddin has provoked multiple charges under different sections of IPC and counter speeches by leaders of other religion, lathi charge, stone pelting etc, necessitating a debate whether political party indulge in anti-religion speech and how far the law allows this hate as free speech?

Provocation extendedEven as Akbaruddin is arrested in several

criminal cases and was given police custody for interrogation, Hindu religious leaders started speaking with same vigour and provocation in retaliation which is becoming communally problematic situation in Hyderabad. Alleged

Hate Speech: Civil Right or Civil Riot?

Madabhushi Sridhar

objectionable remarks formed basis of another spate of hate speech cases against Swami Kamalananda Bharati at three different police stations. Swamy who is on padayatra to protect Hindu Temples allegedly made counter challenges to Akbaruddin. The city police are now busy with investigation of all these cases.

Mr. Mazher Hussain, Executive Director of Confederation of Voluntary Association cautioned the state to check the situation which, if not, might spiral out of control and more and more religious elements can join the fray. Jana Vignana Vedika decried this trend of resorting to provocative speeches as a quick march to fame1.

The arrest and getting jailed is seen as a strategic set up of securing publicity and also political strength. It is unfortunate, while freedom fighters sacrificed their freedom to fight against British rulers, the present day leaders prefer jails for wrong reasons. In the process the impunity is flourishing and people’s peace is suffering. Detention whether pre-trial or post-conviction is neither offering deterrence nor disqualifying the politician from contesting election. The delay in dispensation of justice offers incentive to political popularity through arrest. A politically vested interest is being created in hate speech followed by detention and trial, which was never expected by lawmakers to happen.

A political leader has to be more responsible. For speech not to be criminal it should be reasonable and could be critically constructive, if not, it would attract ‘reasonable restrictions’. Generally hate speech is unreasonable and same by politicians is irresponsible. With increasing incentives for prosecutions and arrests, the politicians are deliberately resorting to hate speech to gain cheap popularity. This is a most unfortunate situation where the ‘law’ fails to fulfill its objectives and criminal justice becomes impossible.

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or morality or which undermines the security of, or tends to overthrow, the State.

Though there was no ‘reasonable’ prefixed to ‘restriction’, it was difficult for state to curb expression unless it tended to overthrow the state, which means unless expression is so serious to disturb the state freedom of speech extends to include anything.

After First Amendment, the article 19(2) reads as:(2) Nothing in sub-clause (a) of clause (1) shall

affect the operation of any existing law, or prevent the State from making any law, in so far as such law imposes reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.

The grounds of sovereignty and integrity of India was introduced by the Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963.

Section 153A is added in Indian Penal Code by Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Act of 1898 with a view to prevent breaches of the public tranquility and to prevent various classes coming into conflict by mutual abuse and recrimination. But this section was extensively amended to prevent communal tensions. Sub-clause ‘c’ is added to this Section in 1972 which intends to punish organization of

Freedom sacrificed for Public OrderIn Brij Bhushan v State of Bihar2, the chief

commissioner of Delhi passed an order of pre-censorship of an English weekly from Delhi called the Organizer from being circulated for its inflammatory comments with respect to the Partition. In the Romesh Thapar3 case the ban order was imposed against the mouth piece of left parties, the ‘Cross Roads’ for being critical against Congress party, while in Brij Bhushan case the order was against the newspaper, mouth piece of right wing organization RSS. As per the order, the editor of the Organizer had to submit for scrutiny, before publication, all communal matter and news and views about Pakistan including photographs and cartoons other than those derived from official sources or supplied by the news agencies, viz, Press Trust of India, United Press of India and United Press of America. The Supreme Court delivered judgment in both of these cases on the same day upholding the freedom of speech and expression and invalidating legal provisions which authorized the Government in imposing ban on communist party’s paper and pre-censorship on newspaper on communal grounds.

The state thought that these two judgments would not allow any control over the press and the Home Ministry (under the guidance of Home Minister Sardar Patel) sought introduction of two grounds – ‘public order’ and ‘incitement to an offence’. Any expression, which disturb the public order or incite an offence to overthrow the state was sought to be criminalized and penalized. Cabinet committee formed by Prime Minister Nehru preferred to drop ‘to overthrow the state’ from the proposed provision. First amendment is passed in 1951 which amended Article 19(2) adding two grounds. With this any writing though it may not overthrow the state could be restricted. Ambiguity in interpreting ‘public order’ has increased the power of state to control the writings and speeches. If the first amendment to Constitution of US is hallmark of freedom of press, the first amendment to Indian constitution reduced the scope of free speech. Public order together with incitement to an offence is constitutionally a legal ground to restrict freedom of speech and expression.

Overall restriction on ‘restrictions’ is introduced with the usage of adjective ‘reasonable’ before word ‘restrictions’. While other sub-articles under Article 19 have this expression, 19(2) did not have it originally.

Before substitution of 19(2) by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951 the original Article 19(2) was:

(2) Nothing in sub-clause (a) of Clause (1) shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it relates to, or prevents the State from making any law relating to, libel, slander, defamation, contempt of court or any matter which offends against decency

Akbaruddin Owaisi and Swami Kamalananda Bharati

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exercise, movement, drill or other such activity if intended to use as criminal force against any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste. Even if such act causes apprehension, fear, or alarm or feeling of sense of insecurity amongst members of effected group the penalty can be imposed.

Before it was amended in 1972, section 153A of IPC was struck down as unconstitutional by East Punjab High Court in Master Tara Singh vs State of Punjab4 as it restricted the Fundamental Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression. This happened before the first amendment to the Constitution was passed in 1951. After the amendment the ambit of restrictions was increased and section 153A is validated in Sheik Wajih Uddin v State of Uttar Pradesh5, Kedarnath Singh v State of Bihar6, and Gopal Vinayak Godse v Union of India7. However criticizing the other religion for its negative characters will not attract this section, as held in Lalai Singh v State of Uttar Pradesh8. If the Hindu religion is criticized for untouchability it will be legitimate exercise of free speech right, especially when Mahatma Gandhi himself was criticizing this aspect. As far as the criticism is couched in temperate, dignified and mild language and do not have the tendency to insult the feelings or the deepest religious convictions of any section of the people the section 153A is not attracted9.

Criticism or inflaming hatred?

In Gopal Vinayak Godse v. Union of India, Special Bench of Bombay High Court emphasized that in order to bring a case within the purview of Section 153A, intention to promote enmity or hatred apart from what appeared from the writing itself was not a necessary ingredient. It was enough to show that the language of the writing was of a nature calculated to promote feelings of enmity and hatred for, a person must be presumed to intend the natural consequences of his act. The Special Bench carefully studied the different passages of the book entitled “Gandhi Hatya ani mee” which had been proscribed by the Delhi Administration under Section 99A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 and was of the view that although the language of the book was somewhat heavy and involved, it was not of a nature which could inflame feelings of hatred and enmity between Hindus and Muslims and no criminality could attach to the author under Section 153A of the Indian Penal Code.

Blasphemous libel was considered a serious crime by English jurisprudence during the First World War days. Christian religion was considered the part of the law of the land and the view held by the courts was that any attack on the basic doctrines of Christianity was an offence inasmuch as it tended to destroy those obligations whereby the society was bound together. This view of law was applied with full vigor by the English Courts to protect the society from the fall-out from the disorders, following

the French Revolution. The teachings of French philosophers like Voltaire and Rousseau naturally had their impact on the intelligentsia in England and a spate of books and articles were published by English authors which questioned the basic concepts of the teachings of Christ. The decisions of the English Courts were intended to prevent the disintegration which overtook French society after the fall of Bastille.

Starkie on Libel enunciated the law of blasphemous libel in the following words:

“A willful intention to pervert, insult, and mislead others by means of licentious and contumacious abuse applied to sacred subjects, or by willful misrepresentations or artful sophistry calculated to

If the first amendment to Constitution of US is hallmark of freedom of press, the first amendment to Indian constitution reduced the scope of free speech. Public order together with incitement to an offence is constitutionally a legal ground to restrict freedom of speech and expression.

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mislead the ignorant and unwary, is the criterion and test of guilt. A malicious and mischievous intention, or, what is equivalent to such an intention in law as well as morals, a state of apathy and Indifference to the interests of society, is the broad boundary between right and wrong.”

The law enunciated by Starkie was accepted as the correct law by Lord Coleridge, C. J. in R. v. Ramsey and Foots10. Lord Coleridge again applied the same principle in R. v. Bradlaugh11.

Lord Simmer of House of Lords held in Bowman v. Secular Society Limited12 held: “In the present day, meetings or processions are held lawful which 150 years ago would have been deemed seditious, and this is not because the law is weaker or has changed but because the times have changed. The society is stronger than before. In the present day, reasonable men do not apprehend the dissolution or the downfall of the society because religion is publicly assailed by methods not scandalous.”

In Rex v. Lemon13, Lord Diplock enunciated the law thus: “To publish opinions denying the truth of doctrines of the established Church or even of Christianity itself was no longer held to amount to the offence of blasphemous libel so long as such opinions were expressed In temperate language and not in terms of offence, insult or ridicule.”

Discussing several judgments on blasphemous libel, the Supreme Court finally said: It is thus firmly established both in India and in England, that criminality for the offence of blasphemous libel, of criminality under Section 153A of the Indian Penal Code, does not attach to the things said or done but to the manner in which it is said or done. If the; words spoken or written are couched in temperate, dignified, and mild language, and do not have the tendency to: insult the feelings or the deepest religious convictions of any section of the people, penal consequences do not follow.

Dignity of the language used in criticism is deciding factor of the criminality. This decision of the Supreme Court brings back the freedom of speech and expression which is otherwise punished by the state for criticizing the religion. Critical exposure of religious practices is what is required in a scientific society and information world. None should be faulted for questioning the religious fundamentalism. But what happens if one fundamentalist religious criticism attacks and provokes another religious fundamentalism? Should state protect such provocations as free speech or take care of lives of the people around places of worship?

In Azizul Haq Kausar Naquvi v State of Uttar Pradesh14, the Allahabad High Court considered the question of validity of prohibition of the book called “Munaqibe Ahle Bait”. In the introduction of the book it has been specifically stated that it was being written to controvert the erroneous teachings propounded in the book by one Mahmood Ahmad Abbasi which is entitled as “Khilafate Muavia wa

Yazid.” The work of Mahmood Ahmad Abbasi was itself proscribed by a notification issued under Section 99-A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898. Based on the above reasoning the court struck down the proscription of book ‘Munaiqibe Ahle Bait’.

Speech by MIM leaderThe peace is threatened, four injured following

various developments after strong words and angry sentences were used by a legislator15. The Majlis-Ittehadul-Muslimeen MIM is a major beneficiary of being a minority based party, but believes strongly that it is only Muslim’s party and only Muslims vote them enbloc which gave them political power. With name of religion in its party title, MIM is not supposed to act like a party of Muslims exclusively. One right thinking Muslim leader has rightly said that if several crores of Muslims are safe in India, it was because of secularism of crores of Hindus and other religious people. Asking police to keep off, so that their power is revealed is a most unfortunate provocation which could lead to civil riot but never can be an exercise of civil right.

More than ‘hate speech’, the repeated talk of Majlis MLA Akbaruddin at different places could

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be categorized as problematic and quite disturbing speech because it has tendencies to disturb the communal harmony and that necessitated police charging him under various sections of Indian Penal Code.

Nirmal and Nizamabad town police booked suo motu cases against him16. Osmania University police station registered a case following a directive from local court. Second Metropolitan Magistrate Court of LB Nagar issued summons to Owaisi. Another local court directed Mangalhat Police to register a case for speech against a community in Nanded last year. Another court in Nampalli, took note of petition from a complainant and asked him to sanction from the government to prosecute MIM legislator under section 295A IPC. This section deals with deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings or any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs.

If the legislator or any person does not like Hindu Religion, none will bother. Even if he hates other religion, that might only reflect his closed opinion. Since several trial courts are examining his different speeches to establish their criminality, it is difficult and improper to categorize instantly his speech as ‘criminal’. But as a political leader, does he want to hate majority section of the people? When a particular group of religion is densely concentrated in a locality, majority or minority is just a relative expression where meaning could reverse. Any political party basing its growth on single religion cannot be qualified to represent the people in general because the country and constituency consists of different faiths. Personal faith should not become anti-thesis of living together.

Because of such beliefs and utterances, besides cases for hate speech, for the first time, a legislator is facing charges of sedition, conspiracy and waging war against the nation, which generally and liberally slapped against revolutionary writers, journalists and also innocent commentators on social media without justification, of course.

The police alleging that he conspired to spread communal hatred though his ‘hate speeches in multiple places’ and ‘shared the dais with many people’. The police added Section 124 A (sedition), 120 B (criminal conspiracy), 188 (disobeying the orders promulgated by public servant), 295 A (deliberate and malicious act to outrage religious feelings), 505 (public mischief) in his remand diary. This is in addition to Sections 121 (waging war against the nation) and 153 A IPC (creating enmity between communities) that Akbaruddin Owaisi and others were initially charged with.

The police tried to justify the charges saying: “The conspiracy and sedition section are added as he was going on giving these speeches at multiple places and many people were involved in these. Though the permission was granted for the meeting, the rules were violated for which Section188 was

added”. Supreme Court considered if Section 124A Indian

Penal Code which prescribes punishment for the offence of sedition is violation of freedom of speech guaranteed by the Constitution. It was argued that the provision was violative of the fundamental right guaranteed to the citizens under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution. The apex court held that the true scope and content of Article 19(1)(a) can be determined only by reading it along with Clause (2) of the said Article which is in the nature of an exception to the general words used in Article 19(1)(a).

Justice Sinha, held in Kedar Nath Singh v. State of Bihar17:”Any law which is enacted in the interest of public order may be saved from constitutional invalidity. It is only when the words written or spoken etc. which have the pernicious tendency or intention of creating public disorder or disturbance of law and order that the law steps in to prevent such activities in the interest of public order. So construed, the Section, in our opinion, strikes a

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correct balance between individual fundamental rights and the interest of public order.” Every speech may not be sedition unless it is understood to have capacity to affect public order.

Multiple speeches and casesThe AP High Court admitted a writ petition

filed by arrested legislator Akbaruddin, seeking a direction to the police not to issue multiple FIRs on his alleged hate speech. Unless offensive speeches are made at different places in different times, there cannot be more number of criminal cases. Only proofs will answer this question. According to Article 20 none could be convicted twice for same offence.

Freedom of speechPublic interest litigation about Akbaruddin

speech seeking a direction to remove hate speech videos from You Tube was dismissed. The petitioner alleged that this video which recorded lakhs of hits within a week would disrupt the communal

harmony. A division bench comprising Justice Sanjay Kumar and Justice L. Narasimha Reddy observed that ordering YouTube to remove Akbaruddin’s speech would amount to violation of freedom of speech and expression, explaining: “There may be people who may feel happy to listen to the speech, while some others may protest; and some others might go through the speech only to know what is happening around them. Banning such post on YouTube is against Freedom of Expression of the people”. The High Court asked: “When Akbaruddin does not have any objection in his speech being posted on YouTube, why the petitioner should have it? If he (Akbaruddin) has any objection, he can as well approach the YouTube management and make a request to remove the speech from internet.”

However, the question that could be raised is: if a criminal case is booked for criminal charge of hate speech, how can that video be allowed remain in public domain with questioned incriminating content? If speech is allegedly capable of provoking violence, war and communal hatred, should that be seen everywhere including communally sensitive places? It should not mean that though speech is capable of causing the communal disharmony, its video is not. It opens new dimension of free speech, though speaker cannot exceed the reasonable limit, the exceeded speech can be heard by the others freely. If it is exercise of free speech by him, can he be prosecuted?

Perhaps the petitioner has to approach the High Court again if the trial court agrees that it is hate speech and punish speaker, and then court might direct the removal of hate speech from social media network. The trial courts have to start trial to ascertain whether the freedom of speech of Akbaruddin is limited by reasonable restriction based on public order and thus it is ‘criminal’ under several sections of IPC as charged by the police. If it is proved to be criminal, videos may not continue to be visible. Investigators and courts have agreed that charge is prima facie established and thus prosecuted. People have freedom to watch the speech without emotions in view of the dismissal of this writ petition. While High Court dismissed this writ petition, the OU Police have issued notice to local TV channel for airing the controversial speeches that Akbaruddin made at Nizamabad and Nirmal18.

Fatal mix of politics and religion and free expression

Such speeches from leaders and representatives would send across the message validating the fatal mix of politics and religion and spur the communal hatred. This is reflected even in the appreciation and claps to the violent remarks made by the accused legislator. Freedom of expression is not supposed to be conduit for spreading hatred and divide the society on communal lines inciting the conflicts.

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Besides, the violent consequences those follow Friday prayers in historic Mecca Masjid in old city of Hyderabad on 11th January 2013. It is sad that a religious prayer is followed by stone-throwing incidents, injuries and lathi-charging. The places of worship cannot be centers of provocations and conspiracies of violence.

Prayers to provocationsWhatever may be the verdict of the courts in

these cases, Akbaruddin’s speech remains a blot on the claims and credentials of ‘secularism’ of that party and manifest communal overtone of their political interests. Responding to Akbaruddin speech in almost similarly couched language by Kamalananda Bharathi Swamy has invoked some of these penal actions again. Difference between these two hate speeches is that Mr. Akbaruddin is not religious leader like Kamalananda, which does not mean that later is excused. A political leader has to be more responsible. For speech not to be criminal it should be reasonable and could be critically constructive, if not, it would attract ‘reasonable restrictions’. Generally hate speech is unreasonable and same by politicians is irresponsible. With increasing incentives for prosecutions and arrests, the politicians are deliberately resorting to hate speech to gain cheap popularity. This is a most unfortunate situation where the ‘law’ fails to fulfill its objectives and criminal justice becomes impossible.

The state by not reacting to such hate talks for a long time and coming up now to respond with slapping of several cases including serious penal section of sedition which has potential to send the accused to prison for life will raise a question of law pertaining to rule of law. Only when MIM party distances away from alliance with ruling party, it is exposed to prosecution for such speeches. The question of High Court “is this what you promise to this democratic country which gave a lot to your father, family and you” is appropriate. The answer to this question may not impact the prosecution but this politico-social question should be answered by a political party if it requires support from all sections of people.

Subversive and anti-constitutionalA political party which does not subscribe to

constitutional values and character cannot represent any constituent part of that country. The Election Commission of India should have enough power

to question this anti-constitutional character of the party. If the criminal charges are established the elected legislator should be disqualified to represent the people. If several of legislators and the leader also had the history and character of anti-secular and fundamentalist communal character, whole party should be derecognized and disqualified to contest elections. The people also reject any communal fundamentalist. Not only the state, it is for the people to secure secular fabric of the society by questioning such tendencies and rejecting them in polls.

Madabhushi Sridhar, Professor and Head, Center forMedia Law and Public Policy, NALSAR University ofLaw, Hyderabad.M. Sridhar’ E-Mail: professorsridhar@gmail.com

1. The offensive speech club has a new member, The Hindu, January 12, 2013, page 5.2. Judgment of Supreme Court reported in AIR 1950 SC 1293. The Judgment of Supreme Court reported in AIR 1950 SC 1244. The Judgment of Punjab High Court in AIR 1951 Punj 275. The Judgment of Allahabad High Court reported in AIR 1963 All 3356. The Judgment of Supreme Court in AIR 1962 SC 9557. The Judgment of Bombay High Court in AIR 1971 Bom 568. The Judgment reported in 1971 Cr L J 17739. The Judgment of Allahabad High court reported in AIR 1980 All 14910. Judgment of English Court reported in (1883) 15 COX C C 231 at p. 23611. Judgment of English Court reported in (1883) 15 Cox C. C. 217 at p. 23012. Judgment of English Appellate Court reported in 1917 AC 4013. Judgment of English Court reported in (1979) I All EH 89814. Judgement of Allahabad High Court reported in http://indiankanoon.org/doc/184342215. ‘Four persons injured in stone pelting after noon prayers, 30 minutes of tension’, the Hindu, January 12, 2013, page 316. ‘Cases dog Akbar like never before’, The Hindu, January 12, 2013, page 317. The Judgment of Supreme court reported in AIR 1962 SC 95518. ‘Cases dog Akbar like never before’, the Hindu, 12th January, 2013, page 3

if a criminal case is booked for criminal charge of hate speech, how can that video be allowed remain in public domain with questioned incriminating content? If speech is allegedly capable of provoking violence, war and communal hatred, should that be seen everywhere including communally sensitive places?

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Ranjona Banerji

The coverage of Delhi’s now infamous gang-

rape of December 16, 2012 is something that the media can be proud of. Incessant TV and print focus on the rape and the subsequent protests meant that spotlight remained on one of India’s more sordid secrets – its treatment of its women. Because the media never let go of the story, the political class and officials were under the scanner at all times. The extent of public protests and the media attention forced those involved to take action.

Of course, there was some criticism that the media had gone too far. But perhaps this was one of those occasions where the media’s decision to stay on the story served a larger purpose. Many had become so blasé about women’s issues that the mainstream media shied away from feminist subjects. What new angle was there to this story anyway?

But as it turned out, the deeper you dug, the more muck you found. Crimes against women are at an appalling high across India – rapes, assaults, domestic violence, incest. Patriarchal attitudes from leaders of society meant that the battle for equality was far from over. Rather than depend on our Constitution for guidance, many politicians were happy to look back fondly at the epics to try and limit women.

TV discussions and newspaper columns and articles, as well as the social media, all dwelt on the subject. Young people appeared to be more receptive

to change while old feminists were dusted and brought off their shelves to explain the foundations of the battle. For over three weeks the media did not let go and the country and its women has much to thank it for.

Even while on the horrific gang-rape itself, the Indian media did a good job. The victim’s name was not revealed, in keeping with the law. (The name was finally

made public by a UK newspaper but the Indian media has stuck to anonymity, although some may argue that the labels given to the victim speak of false sentimentality.) The chief minister of Delhi and the police were not let off the hook. The fact that politicians did not understand public anger was also exposed. That the trial has already started – in a country notorious for a painfully slow judicial process – is thanks to the media effectively broadcasting public anger.

In such a scenario, public scrutiny of the media is essential and necessary. The public keeps the media on its toes and the media takes that responsibility to keep the government on its toes. Since the advent and the success of private news channels, TV has also made the media seem like a part of the viewer’s social circle. Newspapers and print journalists can appear to be aloof and lofty but television reporters and anchors enter drawing rooms and bedrooms every day. They become familiar and seem approachable.

The social media – particularly sites like

Public attention on the Media

Public scrutiny of the media is essential and necessary. The public keeps the media on its toes and the media takes that responsibility to keep the government on its toes.

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Facebook and Twitter – allows the general public to make their voices heard to a large, sometimes worldwide, audience. Several journalists also use these platforms to spread their opinions in a way that the mainstream cannot support and often allow. This makes for both a more stringent scrutiny as well as, it has to be said, a series of petulant complaints and insults. People start to imagine conspiracy theories which make the media more powerful than it is and more responsible than it can be.

The media can and does misread its power. Soon after the Delhi rape trial began, the television media shifted its focus to the border skirmishes with Pakistan. Suddenly, TV anchors appropriated for themselves the roles of defence and external

affairs ministers. They wanted immediate action – which in this instance would presumably mean war, surely not a favourable state of affairs or in the best interests of the nation.

The power accrued to the media through successful campaigns gets dissipated with this sort of irresponsible behaviour. Certainly the job of the media is to ask difficult questions. But the role of chief inquisitor combined with chief executioner adopted by television is counter-productive and unnecessary. It is far better to question how people in power are doing their jobs than insist that as a journalist, you know best how they should do their jobs.

The problem again and again comes down to

Even while on the horrific gang-rape itself, the Indian media did a good job. The victim’s name was not revealed, in keeping with the law. (The name was finally made public by a UK newspaper but the Indian media has stuck to anonymity, although some may argue that the labels given to the victim speak of false sentimentality.) The chief minister of Delhi and the police were not let off the hook. The fact that politicians did not understand public anger was also exposed. That the trial has already started – in a country notorious for a painfully slow judicial process – is thanks to the media effectively broadcasting public anger.

Demonstrators hold placards and shout slogans in front of the India Gate against Delhi gang-rape

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the way television sees journalism in India – which is often at loggerheads with the way print sees journalism. The processes and checks and balances which print has – as has been discussed ad nauseum in various fora – are practically non-existent in India as far as television journalism is concerned. The competition between the various news channels is so fierce that in the mad, belligerent, disorganised run for the finish line, the truth, facts and perspective all get a little lost. Not that print journalism is free of problems and as news about unnatural phenomena like “paid news” becomes public knowledge, the credibility of all news organisations is at stake.

Hardly surprising that there are now so many media watchdogs, in print and online. Most newspapers will not even hire an ombudsman to deal with complaints and readers’ issues. Organisations like the Press Council of India, the delightful pronouncements of its current chairman Markandey Katju notwithstanding, are toothless ruminants. Instead senior and retired journalists have taken it upon themselves to try and make sense of what is happening.

There is a danger however in taking all public criticism too seriously, even when some of it is warranted. Criticism from within the fraternity is important, criticism from without has to be considered carefully – it need not all be dismissed but cannot be accepted in entirety either. Often, avid consumers of the news media will decide that the news is too full of doom and gloom or that there is no “good news” and other such happy thoughts. These observations have to be taken with a pinch of salt. But when complaints about sensationalism and about trivialisation increase, we have to act before they reach a critical mass.

It is also not possible for anyone to do their job if they are constantly being watched and graded. This is especially true for journalism where the day’s news is a series of judgment calls some of which will do well and others will bomb. It is the aggregate of bombs and successes which have to be judged. Endless scrutiny is an impossible imposition.

Yet today’s world is a watcher’s world. In all that, the media has to watch itself the most. Public attention can be addictive but in the ultimate analysis, it is not all that makes a news programme worth viewing or a newspaper worth reading. It’s that little extra attention to detail, that little extra legwork to get a story, that little fine-tuning of a page or an opinion which it is not so easy for the outsider to understand but might well make him or her more appreciative. The media has to be its own best critic and admirer for it to be most effective.

The writer is a senior journalist who is currently a consulting editor with the media website MxMIndia.com. Her E-Mail: ranjonab@gmail.com

An appeal to well-wishers of ‘Media’

‘Media’ is the flagship publication of Kerala Press Academy, the pioneer institution in Communication studies in Kerala. The bi-lingual publication is unique in character, because this is the only magazine published from Kerala covering the media. Kerala Press Academy, as you may be aware, is a joint venture of the Government of Kerala, Kerala Union of Working Journalists (KUWJ) and Indian Newspaper Society (INS). It was established in 1979 and is located in Kochi, Kerala.And, the architects of the magazine are the top most media personalities from Kerala and outside. Since there are several journalism and communications institutes and colleges having graduate and post graduate courses in Kerala, a large number of media students will be benefited by this publication. Besides this, the magazine will be circulated among the decision makers and peers of the larger community.This is not going to be run for profit. We need financial support from persons and institutions with a larger heart and a concern for the well-being of the society. We seek co operation of all persons and institutions in the form of advertise ments.

The Publication is consisting of 52 pagespublished in English and Malayalam.

Size: Demy 1/4

The tariff is as followsBack cover: Color: Rs 25,000 Inside cover: Color: Rs 20,000

Inside full page: B&W: Rs 15,000 (Discounts On 6 issue,

12 issue packeges)

Your order may please be sent to The Secretary,

Kerala Press Academy, Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030.

E-Mail: media.kpa@gmail.com

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Ið-¡-cn ]m-Sw e-`n-¨-Xpam-bn _-Ô-s¸« hmÀ-¯ \nÀ-¯n sh¡póXn\v {]ap-J

hy-h-km-b Øm-]-\-am-b Pn-Þmð {Kq¸nð \nó-v \q-dp tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS ]-c-kyw "ko \yq- kv' hmÀ-¯m Nm-\ð B-h-iy-s¸-« kw`-hw C´y³ am[y-a cw-K-¯n-sâ G-ähpw \n-Ir-ãam-b h-i-am-Wv Xp-dó-p-Im-«n-b-Xv. cm-Py¯vv A-e-b-Sn-¡pó- hnhn-[ A-gn-a-Xn B-tcm-]-W-§-sf B-th-i-t¯m-sS k-ao-]n-¡pó am-[ya- §Ä "ko \yq-kn'-s\-Xn-sc-bp-Å B-tcm-]-W- §-tfm-Sv X-Wp-¯ a-«n-em-Wv {]-Xn-I-cn-¨-Xv. C-sXmcp XpS-¡w am-{X-am-sW-ó Xn-cn¨-dn-b ð B-bn-cn-¡m-a-Xv. B-g-¯nð A-t\z-j-Ww \-Sómð hmÀ-¯- sb hnð-¸-\ N-c-¡m-¡póXn\pw A-¸p-dw am-[y-a-§-fpsS hn-e-t]-i-en\v ]n-ón-se {In-an-\ð-ap-J-hpw ]p-d-¯p-h-cp-saó-v a-äm-sc-¡m-fpw A-dn-bm-hpóXv am-[y-a-§Ä-¡v Xsó.

a-lm-cm-{ã \n-b-ak-`m Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸n-\v ti-jw {]ap-J am-[-y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-I-\m-b ]n. km-bv-\m-Yv ]p-d-¯p-sIm-ïp hó- "t]-bv-Uv \yq-kv' F-ó {]-Xn-`m-kw ]-Xn-äm-ï-p-Ifm-bn C-´y-bnð \n-e-\nð-¡póXmWv. apw-ss_-bnð \nó-v {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨n-cpó- "_v-fn-ä-kv' F-ó Sm-t»m-bvUv sN-dn-b cq-]¯nð \-S-¸m-¡n-b-Xv C-t¸mÄ hn-iz-cq-]w {]m-]n-¨p-sh-óp am-{Xw. Aó-v "B-bn-c'§fnð H-Xp-§n-bn-cpó-Xv Có-v \q-dp tIm-Sn h-sc-sb-¯n F-ó hy-Xym-k-ta-bpÅq.

PnÞmð ]-ÆÀ Bâv Ìoð en-an-ä-Un-\v e-`n-¨ Ið-¡-cn ]m-S-§Ä-¡v ]n-d-In-se A-gn-a-Xn-sb Ip-dn-¨v "ko \yq-kv' Nm\enð kw{]-t£]-Ww sN-bv-Xn-cp-ó hmÀ-¯-I-Ä \nÀ-¯n sh-¡póXn-\v AXn-se ap-XnÀ-ó am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-Icm-b kp-[oÀ Nu-[-cnbpw k-aoÀ A-ep-hm-en-bbpw \q-dp tIm-Sn cq-] B-h-iy-s¸-SpóXn-sâ ho-Untbm Zr-iy-§-fm-Wv ]p-d-¯p hóXv. Pn-Þmð {Kq-¸n-sâ F-Iv-kn-Iyq-«o-hp-I-fp-am-bn \-S¯n-b hn-e-t]-i-en-\n-Sbnð C-cp-h-cpw B-hÀ-¯n-¡pó- H-cp Im-cy-ap-ïv. "ko' {Kq-¸n-sâ X-e-h-\m-

ko \yq-kvþPn-Þmð \n-b-a-t]m-cm-«w: hmÀ-¯ hnð-¸-\-N-c-¡v B-Ip-t¼mÄ

]n. _k-´v

b kp-`m-jv N-{µ- tKm-b-e-nsâ ]qÀ-® k-½-X-t¯m-sSbpw A-dn-thm-sS-bp-am-Wv Cu C-S-]m -Sv NÀ-¨-I-sfó-v ho-Un-tbm Zr-iy-§fnð c-ïv t]cpw B-hÀ-¯n-¨p ]-d-bpó-p-ïv.

C-hn-sS ]-cn-tim-[n-t¡ï-Xv kp-[oÀ Nu-[-cnbpw k-aoÀ A-ep-hm-en-b-bpw "ko \yq-kn'ð h-ln-¡p-ó Øm-\-amWv. kp-[oÀ Nu-[-cn "ko \yq-kn-'sâbpw k-aoÀ A-ep-hmenb "ko _n-kn-\-Ên'-sâ-bpw F-Un-äÀ-am-cmWv. A-tXm-sSm-¸w, _n-kn\-kv sl-Ív F-ó X-kv-Xn-I-bp-w kp-[o-À Nu-[-cn¡v \ð-In-bn-cpóp. am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\-hpw hy-h-km-b-hpw

X-½n-ep-Å A-XnÀ-h-c-¼p-IÄ Cñm-Xm-hp-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. H-cp tZio-b Zn-\-]-{X-am-Wv am[y-a {]-hÀ-¯-\hpw _n-kn-\-kpw X-½n-ep-Å _-Ô-¯n-\v ]p-Xn-b km-[y-X-I-fp-sïó-v hf-sc ap-¼v Xsó I-sï-¯n-bXv. A-h-cp-sS apw-ss_, Uð-ln F-Un-j-\p-I-fn-se Cw-{]nânð F-Un-äÀ (Uð-ln amÀ-¡-äv) A-sñ¦nð F-Un-äÀ (apwss_ amÀ-¡äv) F-óm-Wv tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. hmÀ-¯-sb-óXv I-t¼m-f-am-sW-óm-Wv ]-{Xw kq-Nn-¸n-¡póXv. A-t¸mÄ hnð-¡-s¸-tSï-Xv X-s-óbm-W-Xv.

am[y-a amXr-I A-\p-Zn-\w am-dpó- tem-I-¯m-Wv \mw Po-hn-¡pó-Xv. H-cp \n-b-{´-W-hp-anñm-¯ CâÀ-s\-äv tem-Iw \-½p-sS ap-ónð Xp-d-n-ón-cn-¡p-óXv hmÀ-¯-I-f-p-sSbpw A-dn-hn-sâbpw h³ km-[y-X-bmWv. A-hn-sS hmÀ-¯-IÄ-¡v \n-b-{´-W-anñ. hmÀ-¯ \ð-IpóXn-\v ]-{X-¯n-sâtbm Nm-\-en-sâ-tbm k-lm-bw Cu temI-¯v B-h-iy-anñ. H-cp hmÀ-¯-¡m-bn \n-§Ä ]-Ww ap-S-¡n ]{Xw hm-§n-t¡-ï-Xnñ. H-cp hmÀ-¯m Nm-\epw Xp-d-t¡-ï-Xnñ. A-¯-c-sam-cp Im-e-L-«-¯nð, A-¨-Sn¡m³ ]t¯m ]-Xn-\-tôm cq-] sN-e-hv h-cpó- ]{Xw \-ap-¡v X-cp-óXv A-ôv cq]-¡v Xm-sg-bpÅ hn-e-¡m-Wv. h-cn-¡mcnð \n-óp-Å h-cp-am-\w sIm-ïp am-{Xw Cu hy-h-km-bw \n-e-\n-ð-¡n-sñ-óXv

Uð-ln sX-cp-hn-eq-sS hm-l-\-tam-Sn-¡pó- BÀ-¡pw hn-Nn-{X-am-b t]-cp-I-fp-Å ]-{X-§-fp-sS-bpw am-kn-I-I-fp-sS-bpw "{]-kv' Ìn-¡À H-«n-¨ B-Uw-_-c Im-dp-IÄ Im-Wmw. ]-e-Xpw C-S-¯-cw cm-{ão-b-¡m-cp-sSbpw aäpw D-S-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ-h. am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\-s¯¡mÄ ]-ckyw kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡-emWv e-£yw. Uð-lnbnð C-S¯-cw ]-{X-§fnð tPm-en sN-bv-Xn-c-p-ó ]-e ap-XnÀó- tPÀ-W-en-Ìp-IÄ t]mepw kz-´-am-bn am-knI-IÄ \-S-¯pó-p-ïv. ]-e-Xpw ]-cn-an-Xam-b kÀ-¡p-te-j-\pÅ-h. F-ómð, ]-c-ky-¯n-sâ Im-cy¯nð am{Xw bm-sXm-cp ]-cn-an-Xn-bp-anñ. am-[y-a-§Ä \nt£-] kulr-Z ta-J-e-bm-bn am-dp-óXnð A-Ûp-X-an-ñ.

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ã-¯n-\v tI-kv sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-ónS-¯v Im-cy-§Ä \nð-¡pó-p.

Cu hn-hm-Zw am[y-a h-y-h-km-b-¯n-sâ \n-Ir-ãam-b h-i-s¯ Xp-dó-p-Im-«n-sbó-v B-hÀ-¯n-¡m-sX h¿. Ipd-¨p ]-W-¯n-t\m H-cp Ip-¸n a-Zy-¯nt\m am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯I-s\ hn-e-¡v hm-§n-bn-cpó- Im-ew I-gnªp. H-cp am-[y-a Øm-]-\-s¯ X-só hne-¡p hm§m³ I-gn-ªmð ]n-s-ósb-´n-\v am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-I-cnð {i-²-]-Xn-¸n-¡Ww. aÀ-tUm-¡n-sâ ]{Xw hmÀ-¯-¡m-bn Ip-«n-I-fp-sS t]mepw sS-en-t^m¬ kw-`m-jW-§Ä tNmÀ-¯n-b-Xv hn-hm-Z-am-b-Xns\ Xp-SÀó-v {_n-«³ \n-b-an-¨ "temÀ-Uv P-Ìo-kv eo-hv-k¬ I-½n-j³' am-[y-a§-sf \n-b-{´n-¡póXn-\v ]pXn-b \nb-aw th-W-saó-v \nÀ-t±-in-¨n-«pïv. 17þmw \q-äm-ïn-\v ti-jw B-Zy-am-bn-«m-Wv C-¯-c-sam-cp I-½nj-s\ Ip-dn-¨p-Å B-h-iy-w {_n-«\nð D-b-cpóXv. t^m¬ tNmÀ-¯ð t]m- ep-Å kw-`h-§Ä B-hÀ-¯n-¡n-sñó-v P-\-§Ä-¡v Dd-¸p \ð-IpóXn-\v- th-ïn-bm-Wv C-¯-c-sam-cp \n-b-a-saó-v I-½n-j³ Nq-ïn-¡m-«póp. 2000 t]-Pp-Å dn-t¸mÀ«v am-[y-a§-sf Xp-d-óp-Im-«póXm-Wv. AXnð {]-[m-\w cm-{ão-b-¡mcpw ]-{X am-t\-Pv-saâp-Ifpw X-½n-ep-Å A-hn-ip-² Iq-«p-sI-«n-s\ Ip-dn-¨mWv.

hmÀ¯-IÄ \ð-I-póXn-\v, A-sñ¦nð F-Xn-cm-bn-«p-Å hmÀ¯-IÄ \ð-Im-Xn-cn-¡póXn-\v ]-Ww \ð-In-b-Xn-sâ I-Y-IÄ c-l-ky-am-sb-¦n-epw ]-¦p-sh-¡pó- cm-{ão-b-¡m-À \n-c-h-[n-bm-Wv. ]-Ww X-cn-sñó-v ]-dbm³ N-¦q-ä-apÅ-hÀ Ip-d-hm-Wv. ]-Ww \ð-In _m-¡n thm-«À-am-cp-sS Ir-]-¡m-bn ssI-\o-«póh-cm-Wv cm-{ão-b-¡m-cnð `q-cn-]-£-hpw. ]-{X-¯n-sâtbm Nm-\-en-sâtbm cm-{ão-b Nm-bv-hv tX-Sn t]m-I-p-t¼mÄ A-Xn-sâ a-d-hnð c-£-s¸-Sp-óXv am-[y-a-§-fp-sS A-gpIn-b Cu ap-J-am-Wv.

C-´y-bn-se am[y-a cw-K-¯n-sâ A-dn-b-s¸-Sm-¯ ap-J-am-Wv C-t¸mÄ ]p-d-¯p-h-ón-cn-¡póXv. ]-e am-[y-a-Øm-]-\-§fpw C-tX am-Xr-I {]-tbm-Kn-¡pó-p-shóXm-Wv b-YmÀ-

km-¼¯n-I im-kv-{Xw. Nm-\-e-p-IÄ-¡v h-cn-¡m-sc-ó {]-Xn`mkhp-anñ. A-t¸mÄ, Cu hy-h-km-bw \-S-¯n-sIm-ïp t]m-IpóXn-\v ]-c-kyw B-h-iy-am-Wv. F-ómð, A-Xp am-{X-am-tWm H-cp am-[y-a-¯n-sâ \n-e-\nð-¸v? hn-izm-ky-X-bpw Iq-Sn tN-cp-t¼mÄ am-{X-am-Wv H-cp ]{Xw A-sñ¦nð Nm-\ð hn-P-bn-¡póXv. C-e-Ivv-t{Sm-Wn-Iv am[y-a cw-K-¯v \n-ch-[n Nm-\-ep-I-fp-sS cw-K-{]-th-iw Iq-Sn-bm-b-t¸mÄ a-Õ-cw I-Sp-¯-Xmbn.

ko \yq-kn-sâ Im-cy¯nð \q-dp tIm-Sn cq-] tNm-Zn-¨n-cn-¡póXv am-t\-Pv-saân-sâ Iq-Sn A-dn-thm-sS-bm-sW-óm-Wv ]p-d-¯p-h-ón-«p-Å hn-hc-§Ä k-q-Nn-¸n-¡póXv. km-[m-c-W-bmbn, cm-{ão-b-¡m-sc am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-I-cm-Wv H-fn-Iym-a-d-bn-eq-sS Ip-S-p-¡póXv. Cu kw-`-h-¯nð tdm-fp-IÄ ]-c-kv]-cw sh-¨p-am-dn-bn-cn-¡póp. am[y-a {]-hÀ-¯I-À ssI-¡-q-en tNm-Zn-¡póXv cm-{ão-b-¡m-c³ þ tIm-¬{Kkv Fw.]n-.bm-Wv \ho³ Pn-Þmð þ H-fn-Iym-a-dbnð ]-IÀ-¯n tem-I-¯n-\v Im-«n- sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-¡pó-p. ko \yq-kv B-Is«, Pn-Þmð {K-q-¸v Im-Wn-¨ kn. Un. Ir-{Xn-a-am-bn D-ïm-¡n-b-Xm-sWó-v B-tcm-]n-¨n-«pïv. Ið-¡-cn- ]mS-§Ä \ð-In-b-Xp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« Ipw-`-tIm-Ww hn-i-Z-am-bn A-t\z-jn-¡póXv X-S-bpóXn-\v th-ïn-bm-Wv hym-P kn. Un. \nÀ-½n-¨-sX-ópw Ip-ä-s¸-Sp¯n. \ho³ PnÞmð {]-kv Iu-¬kn-en\pw \yq-kv t{_m-Uv-Im-Ìnw-Kv Ìm-tâ-Uv A-tXm-dn-än-¡pw ]-cm-Xn \ð-In-bn-«p-ïv.

A-tX-k-abw, t{_m-Uv-Im-Ìnw-Kv F-Un-tä-gvkv A-tkm-kn-tb-j³ {S-j-d-dm-bn-cp-ó kp-[oÀ Nu-[-cn-sb X-Xv-Øm\-¯v \nóp ]p-d-¯m-¡n. `o-j-Wn-s¸-Sp-¯n ]-Ww X«m³ {i-an-¨p-sh-ó ]-cm-Xn-bn³tað c-ïp t]-sc-bpw t]m-eo-kv A-d-Ìp sN-bv-Xp. XolmÀ P-bnenð Zn-h-k§Ä I-gn-ª am[y-a {]À-¯-IÀ-¡v A-Sp-¯n-sS Pm-ayw In«n. G-ä-hp-sam-Sphnð "ko \yqkv' D-S-a-س kp-`m-jv N-{µ-sb t]m-eo-kv tNmZyw sN-bv-Xn-«pïv. kp[oÀ Nu-[-cnbpw kaoÀ A-ep-hm-en-b-bpw \-ho³ Pn-Þm-en-s\-Xn-sc am-\-\-

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°yw. F-Un-täm-dn-b-en-sâ `mK-¯v \n-óp "k-l-I-c-W-'hpw "hn-«p-ho-gv-¨-'I-fpw- {]-Xo-£n-¡pó- am-t\-Pv-saâp-I-fm-Wv C-Xnð {]-Xn-Øm-\-¯p-ÅXv. HmÀ-¡p-I, kp-[odpw k-aodpw ]-d-ª-Xv ko \yq-kn-sâ D-S-a-Ø-\m-b kp-`m-jv N-{µ A-dn-ªn-«m-Wv X-§Ä Cu C-S-]m-Sn-\v C-d-§n-bn-cn-¡pó-Xv F-óm-bn-cp-óp.

F-Un-ä-dp-sSbpw _n-kn\-kv ta-[m-hn-bp-sSbpw X-kvXn-I H-cmÄ-¡v \ð-Inb-Xv X-só e£yw a-äp ]-e-Xn\pw B-bn- c-p-óp-shó-v hy-à-am-Wv. c-ïv X-kv-Xn-I-I-fp-sSbpw D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-§Ä hy-Xy-kv-X-am-Wv. Nm-\-en-sâ F-Un-ä-sdó- \n-e-bnð kp-[oÀ Nu-[cn Pn-Þm-en-\v F-Xn-sc hmÀ-¯ \ð-In. _n-kn\-kv sl-sÍ-ó \n-ebnð kp[oÀ Nu-[-cn \ho³ Pn-Þm-ep-am-bn ]-c-ky-¯n-\v hn-e-t]in. C-Xv ]-e-cq-]-¯nð ]-e-Øm-]-\-§-fnepw B-hÀ-¯n-¡m-dp-ïv. hmÀ-¯-bp-sS hn-j-b-am-b hy-ànbnð \ntóm Øm-]-\¯nð \n-tóm ]-ckyw hm-§pó-n-sñó-v G-sX-¦n-epw am[y-a Øm]-\w A-h-Im-i-s¸«mð a-\-Ên-em-¡mw. C-¯-c-sam-cp km-l-N-cy-w H-gn-hm-¡póXn-\v th-ïn-bm-Wv F-Un-äÀ-amÀ¡v am-[y-a-Øm-]-\-¯n-sâ h-cp-am-\w Iq-«pó {]-{In-b-bnð Øm-\-anñm-Xn-cpó-Xv. Im-ew amdn. am[y-a cw-K-¯n-sâ kz-`m-hhpw am-dn-sbóXn-sâ D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv "ko \yq-kvv'.

Uð-lnbnð H-cp {]ap-J Nm-\-enð F-Un-ä-dm-bn-cpó- hy-àn a-säm-cp Nm\enð _n-kn\-kv sl-Ím-bn Ip-d-¨p-Im-ew ap-¼v tN-À-ón-cpóp. A-t¸mgpw ]mÀ-e-sa-ïn-sâ sk³{Sð lmfnð A-t±-lw k-` \-S-¡p-t¼mÄ F-¯p-óXv ]-Xn-hm¡n. ]mÀ-e-sa-ïn-sâ sk³-{Sð lm-Ä Fñm Fw. ]n-.am-cpw H-¯p-Iq-S-p-ó Ø-e-amWv. ap-XnÀ-ó ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ A-hn-sS sh-¨h-sc Im-Wp-Ibpw X-§Ä-¡v th-ï hmÀ-¯-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« hn-h-c-§Ä ti-J-cn-¡m-dp-ap-ïv. A-Xn-\v ]p-d-sa, a-{´n-am-scbpw a-äpw ap³IqÀ A-\p-a-Xn-bnñm-sX Im-Wm³ ]-äp-ó Ø-ew Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\w \-S-¯n-bn-cp-ó k-ab-¯v e-`n-¨ ]m-kv D-]-tbm-Kn¨v, B sXm-gnð a-Xn-bm-¡n Fâ-sS-bv³-saâv Øm-]-\-¯n-sâ _n-kn\-kv sl-Ím-bn tPm-en sN-¿p-t¼mgpw sk³-{Sð l-mfnð sNñp-óXv F-´n-\m-bn-cn-¡Ww? XoÀ-¨-bmbpw hmÀ-¯¡v th-ïn-bm-bn-cn-¡nñ. C-t¸mÄ tPm-en sN-¿pó Nm-\-en-sâ _n-kn-\-kv- Xm-Xv-]-cy-§Ä kw-c-£n-¡póXn-\v th-ïn-bm-Wv B am\y³ A-hn-sS F-¯n-b-sXó-v B-sc-¦n-epw kw-i-

bn¨mð sX-äp-]-dbm³ ]-änñ. Im-c-Ww, sk³-{Sð lm-Ä ]m-kp-Å, C-t¸mÄ am-[y-a-cw-K-¯nñm-¯ ]-e ap-Xn-À-ó ]-{X-{]-hÀ¯-IÀ C-t¸m-gp-ap-ïv. A-h-scm-s¡ A-Xv aS-¡n \ð-Ip-Itbm sk³{Sð lmfnð t]m-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-Itbm sN-¿póp. am[y-a {]-hÀ-¯-\-¯n-se [À-½w I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯v B-bn-cn-¡ma-Xv sN-bv-X-Xv.

"ko \yq-kv' Nm-\ð A-I-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-ó [À-½-k-¦-S-s¯ a-äv Nm-\-ep-IÄ F§-s\ dn-t¸mÀ-«p sN-bv-Xp-sh-óXpw ]-cn-tim-[n-t¡-ï-Xpïv. t{_m-Uv-Im-Ìnw-Kv F-Un-äÀ-am-cp-sS Iq«m-bv-abnð \nó-v kp[oÀ Nu-[-cn-sb ]p-d-¯m-¡n-sbó-v t\-c-s¯ hy-à-am-¡n-bn-cpótñm. Pn-Þmð {Kq-¸v ]-c-ky-s¸-Sp¯n-b kn. Un. hym-P-am-sW-v "ko \yqkv' B-tcm-]n-¨n-cpóXmWv. X-§-fpsS Iq-«¯nð HcmÄ ]-d-ª-Xn-\v hn-e-Ið-¸n-¡m-sX-bm-Wv `-c-W-I-£n-bn-se Fw. ]n. Iq-Snbmb H-cp hy-h-km-bn \-S-¯n-b ]-{X-k-t½-f-\-¯n-se B-tcm]-Ww I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯v Zn-h-k-§Ä-¡p-Ånð kp-[o-dn-s\ ]p-d-¯m-¡n-bXv. kn. Un-. bn-se Zr-iy-§-fp-sS hn-izmky-X tNmZyw sN-bvX-Xv B-tcm-]-W hn-t[-b-am-b am[y-a Øm-]-\-am-Wv. A-Xn-s\¡mÄ X-§Ä-¡v hn-izm-kw H-cp hy-h-km-bn-bp-sS hm-¡p-I-fm-sWó-v kp-[o-dn-s\ ]p-d-¯m¡p-I h-gn F-Un-ä-À-am-cp-sS kw-L-S-\ {]-Jym-]n-¡p-t¼mÄ B-tcm-sS-¦n-ep-apÅ hn-t[-b-X-zw Im-«p-I-bmtWm A-tXm am-[y-a- cw-K-s¯ H-cp i-{X-p-hn-s\ X-IÀ¡m³ In«n-b A-hk-cw hn-Z-Kv-²-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I-bm-tWm sN-bv-X-Xv F-óXv I-sï-¯Ww. C-e-Iv-t{Sm-Wn-Iv am-[y-a-§-sf \n-b-{´n-¡póXn\v \o¡-§Ä \-S-¡pó- km-l-N-cy¯nð kz-bw \n-b-{´-Ww GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯p-óp-shó-v Im-Wn-t¡-ïXpw C-hÀ-¡v B-h-iy-am-Wv. kn. Un-. bp-sS t^m-d³-kn-Iv ]-cn-tim-[-\-bp-sS ^-ew C-X-ph-sc e-`n-¨n-«nñ. A-Xp e-`n-¡póXn-\v ap-¼v kp-[oÀ Nu-[-cn-sbbpw kaoÀ A-ep-hm-en-sb-bpw Ip-ä-¡m-scó-v F-Un-äÀ-am-cp-sS kwL-S-\ I-sï-¯n-bn-cn-¡póp. B-Zy-am-bn-«m-Wv Cu kwL-S-\ C-¯-c-sam-cp \-S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¡póXv.

F-ómð, kp-[oÀ Nu-[-cn-¡v F-Un-äÀ F-ó X-kv-XnI-¡v ]p-dsa, _n-kn\-kv sl-Uv Fó- ]Z-hn Iq-Sn "ko \yq-kv' Ið-¸n-¨p \ð-Ip-t¼mÄ t{_m-Uv-Im-Ìnw-Kv F-Un-äÀ-amÀ F-hn-sS-bm-bn-cpó-p? ""F-Un-täm-dn-bepw _n-kn-\-kv Xm-Xv-]-cy-§fpw G-tIm-]n-¸n-¡p-ó R-§-fp-sS h-fÀ-¨m am-Xr-Ibpw `m-hn-bpw I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ kp[oÀ Nu[-cn A-Xn-\v tNÀ-ó hy-àn-bm-Wv'' F-óm-Wv kp-[o-

kp-[oÀ Nu-[-cn k-aoÀ A-ep-hm-en-b

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P\phcn 2013

dn-s\ \n-b-an-¨p sIm-ï-p-Å "ko \yq-kn'sâ A-dn-bn¸nð ]-d-ªn-cpóXv. Cu \n-b-a-\-¯n-se ssh-cp-²yw F-Un-äÀ-am-cp-sS kwL-S-\ Im-Wm-¯-XmtWm I-ïn-sñó-v \-Sn-¨-Xm-tWm? C-Xn-s\-¡m-sfm-s¡ kwi-bw Cu kwL-S-\ [r-Xn-]n-Sn-¨v F-Sp-¯ A-¨-S-¡ \-S-]-Sn-bm-Wv. A-kanð s]-¬-Ip-«n-sb s]m-Xp-\n-c¯nð ]o-Un-¸n-¨-Xp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸« hnhm-Z kw-`-h¯nð B-tcm-]-W hn-t[-b\m-b Nm-\-en\pw te-J-I-\p-sa-Xn-sc-bp-Å A-t\z-j-W-¯n-sâ dn-t¸mÀ«v F-Un-äÀ-am-cp-sS kwL-S\ C-Xph-sc ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡n-bn-«nñ. \-S-]-Sn-bp-sa-Sp-¯n-«n-ñ. kp-[oÀ Nu-[-cn-¡pw k-aoÀ A-ep-hm-en-b-¡p-sa-Xn-sc-bp-Å B-tcm-]W-§Ä A-t\z-jn-¨ aqów-K k-an-Xn-bp-sS dn-t¸mÀ-«n-sâ D-Å-S-¡hpw BÀ-¡p-a-dn-bnñ. A-kw kw-`-h-¯nð A-t\zj-Ww Xp-S-cp-t¼m-gm-Wv F-«p Zn-h-kw sIm-ïv ko \yq-kv hn-j-b¯nð Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp¯-Xv F-óXv hn-tcm-[m-`m-k-am-bn tXmó-mw.

]-ckyw hmÀ-¯-bp-sS cq-]-¯nð hm-b-\-¡m-cntem {]-t£-I-\ntem F-¯n-¡póXm-Wv em-`-sa-ó Xn-cn-¨-dn-b-em-Wv am-[y-a- cw-K-s¯ ]pXn-b {]-hW-X. ]-c-ky-¯n-\v sN-e-hm-¡pó- ]-W-¯n-\v Xp-eyam-b Xn-cn-¨p-hc-hv e-`n-¡p-ón-sñ¦nð hmÀ-¯-bp-sS cq-]-¯nð AsX-¯n-¡m-\p-Å k-½À-±w Có-v am-[y-a {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ t\-cn-Spó- ]pXn-b shñp-hn-fn-bmWv. ]-c-ky-saó-v Xn-cn-¨-dn-bm-\p-Å kq-N\-IÄ t]m-epw H-gn-hm-¡-W-saó- k-½À-±-am-Wv D-b-cp-óXv. ]-c-ky-¯n-sâ cq-]¯nð A-¨-Sn-¡póXn-s\¡mÄ hn-izmky-X hmÀ-¯-bp-sS cq-]¯nð h-cp-óXv sIm-ïm-WnXv. F-Un-äÀ-am-sc _n-kn\-kv sl-Ím-¡póXpw ]-c-ky-¯n-\m-bn hy-h-km-bn-I-fp-sS A-`n-ap-J-¯n-\v am-[y-a {]-hÀ¯-IÀ \nÀ-_-Ôn-¡-s¸-Sp-óXpw C-tX Im-cW-§Ä sIm-ïm-Wv.

]-e C-e-Iv-t{Sm-WnIv am[y-a Øm-]-\-§fpw \-ã¯nð {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-óXpw C¯-cw am[y-a amXr-I kzo-I-cn-¡-p óXn-\v Im-c-W-am-Ipóp. 24 a-Wn-¡qdpw hmÀ-¯ \ð-Ipó- Cw-¥o-jv, ln-µn Nm-\-ep-IÄ-¡p ]p-dsa, {]m-tZin-I `m-j-I-fnepw \q-dp I-W-¡n-\v Nm-\-ep-IÄ \n-e-hn-ep-ïv. 20 sImñw ap-¼v Cu cw-K-¯v kz-Im-cy ta-Je-¡v A-\pa-Xn \ð-In-b-t¸m-g-s¯ km-l-N-cy-añ C-t¸mÄ. ]-ïv h-f-sc I-p-d-¨v am-{Xw ]-{X-§-fp-ïm-bn-cpót¸mÄ C¯-cw km-l-Ncyw t\-cn-tS-ïn h-ón-«nñ. kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ ]-c-ky-§fpw sS-ïÀ hmÀ-¯-I-fp-sam-s¡-bm-bn Øm-]\§Ä "Po-hn-Xw' X-Ån-\o¡n-b Im-e-L-«-w ap-XnÀ-ó ]-{X-{]-hÀ¯-IÀ HmÀ-¡p-óp-ïm-Ipw. Có-v am-[y-a-{]-hÀ¯-IÀ t\-cn-Spó- k-½À-

±-samópw A-ónñm-bn-cp-óp-shó-v A-hÀ Nq-ïn-¡m«pw. t{_-¡nw-Kv \yq-kp-I-fp-sS Im-e-L-«-¯nð, am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-I-\pw Dð-¸óambmð A-Ûp-X-s¸-tS-ï-Xnñ. cm-{ão-b-¡m-cp-sS C-ã-Xm-h-fhpw \n-t£-] ta-J-e-bpw Có-v am-[y-a-§-fmWv. B-{Ôm-{]-tZinð ap-Jy-a-{´n-bm-bn-cp-ó A-´-cn¨ ssh. Fkv. cm-P-ti-J-c sd-Ín- A-gn-a-Xnbnð \n-óp-ïm¡nb ]-Ww \n-t£-]n¨-Xv a-I³ P-K³ tam-l³ sd-Ín Xp-S-§nb ]-{X-¯nepw Nm-\-en-ep-amWv. Uð-ln sX-cp-hn-eq-sS hm-l-\-tam-Sn-¡pó- BÀ-¡pw hn-Nn-{X-am-b t]-cp-I-fp-Å ]-{X-§-fp-sS-bpw am-kn-I-I-fp-sS-bpw "{]-kv' Ìn-¡À H-«n-¨ B-Uw-_-c Im-dp-IÄ Im-Wmw. ]-e-Xpw C-S-¯-cw cm-{ão-b-¡m-cp-sSbpw aäpw D-S-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ-h. am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\-s¯¡mÄ ]-ckyw kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡-emWv e-£yw. Uð-lnbnð C-S¯-cw ]-{X-§fnð tPm-en sN-bv-Xn-c-p-ó ]-e ap-XnÀó- tPÀ-W-en-Ìp-IÄ t]mepw kz-´-am-bn am-knI-IÄ \-S-¯pó-p-ïv. ]-e-Xpw ]-cn-an-Xam-b kÀ-¡p-te-j-\pÅ-h. F-ómð, ]-c-ky-¯n-sâ Im-cy¯nð am{Xw bm-sXm-cp ]-cn-an-Xn-bp-anñ. am-[y-a-§Ä \nt£-] kulr-Z ta-J-e-bm-bn am-dp-óXnð A-Ûp-X-an-ñ.

am[y-a cw-K-¯n-sâ \n-b-{´-Ww ]-c-ky-w sN-¿póh-cp-sS ssI-I-fn-te-¡v am-dn-sbó- hn-aÀ-i-\-¯n-\v a-dp]-Sn \ð-tIï-Xv ap-Jy-[m-cm am-[y-a-§-fmWv. A-§-s\-b-sñó-v Im-Wn-t¡-ï D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-hpw A-hÀ-¡p-ïv. C-hn-sS-bm-Wv CâÀ-s\-äv t]m-ep-Å _-Zð amÀ¤-§Ä {]m-[m-\y-aÀ-ln-¡póXv. i-¼-f-anñm-sX, ]-c-ky-hp-an-ñmsX X-só am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\-¯n-\v km-[y-X-bp-sïóXn-\v D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wo temIw. t»m-Kp-I-fp-sS temI-¯v sN-e-hnñm-¯ am[y-a {]-hÀ¯-\w C-t¸mgpw Xp-S-cp-óp.

[mÀ-an-I aq-ey-§Ä- D-bÀ-¯n-]n-Sn-¡pó- am-[y-a-§Ä P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-sâ \n-e-\nð-¸n-\v B-h-i-y-am-bn-cn-s¡, ]pXn-b am[y-a am-XrI-IÄ tX-tS-ï-Xv Im-e-L-«¯n-sâ B-h-iy-amWv. em-`¯n-\-¸p-d-t¯-¡v Nn-´n-¡p-ó H-cp am[y-a kw-kv-¡m-c-s¯ Ip-dn-¨v Nn-´n-¡m-\p-Å k-a-b-hpw A-Xn-{I-an-¨n-cn-¡pó-p.

teJI³ amXr`qanbpsS sUðln _yqtdmbnð

kvs]jð Idkvt]mïâmWv.

teJIsâ Cþsabvð: basanth67@gmail.com

kp-`m-jv N-{µ- \ho³ Pn-Þmð

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P\phcn 2013

]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ H-cp h-tc-Wy- hÀ-K-amWv, c-k-I-c-am-Wv

A-h-cp-sS Po-hn-X§Ä. N-ta-en tZ-hn sP-bn³ A-hmÀ-Un-sâ cïmw hÀ-j-¯nð A-sX-\n-¡v e-`n-¨n«v (A-[n-Iw A-t]-£-I-cnñm-¯-Xn-\m-emhpw AXv) ap¸-Xv hÀ-jw I-gn-ªv Xn-cnªp-t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ B hÀ-jw Rm-s\-gpXn-b hmÀ-¯-IÄ¡pw A-Xp-ïm¡n-b a-\p-jyÀ¡pw A-hn-iz-k-\o-bam-b k-a-Im-eo-\-[z-\n-I-fp-ïv.

B-{Ô-{]-tZ-in-sâ h-\-\n-_n-Uam- b A-Xn-cp-Ifn-eq-sS am-thm-hm-Zw _-kv-X-dn-te-¡v \p-g-ªp-I-bdn-b hÀ-j-am-bn-cp-óp AXv. Iãw, HmÀ-¡m-hp-ón-S-t¯m-fw A-Xv Hä tkm-gv-kn- s\ am{Xw B-{i-bn-¨v F-gpXn-b hmÀ-¯-bm-bn-cp-óp þ {Km-a-§-fnð \n-óv am-thmhm-Z km-lnXyw ]n-Sn-s¨-Sp¯ t]m-eo-kn-s\ am-{Xw. "_-kv-X-dn-\p ap-I-fnð Np-h-ó \-£-{Xw' F-óv C-´y³ F-Iv-kv-{]-Êv A-Xv Hómw t]-Pnð X-só X-e-hm-N-I-am¡n. F-\n-¡p `b-¦-c k-t´m-j-am-bn-cpóp. ]t£, A-Xv Rm³ am-[y-a-hn-aÀi-\w Xp-S-§p-ó-Xn\pw hÀ-j-§Ä ap-¼m-bn-cp-óp. C-só-\n-¡-dnbmw kwLÀ-j hmÀ-¯-IÄ H-cn-¡epw Hä tkm-gv-kn-s\ am{Xw B-{i-bn-¨v F-gp-X-cp-sX-óv. F-Iv-kv-{]-Ênð hnI-k-t\mòp-J teJn-I Fó tPm-en-bnð {]-th-in-¨n-«v Gtgm Ft«m am-k-§Ä I-gnª-tX D-Åp A-óv. F-\n-¡v ]Tn-¡m³ G-sd-

am-[y-a -{]-hÀ-¯-\-¯nsâ k-ôm-c-]-Y-§Ä

tkh-´n ss\-\m³

anI¨ h\nXm ]{X{]hÀ¯IÀ¡v Hmtcm hÀjhpw \ðIn hcpó tZiob AhmÀUmb Ntaen tZhn sPbv³ AhmÀUv t\SnbhÀ X§fpsS A\p`h§Ä hnhcn¡pó "sabv¡n§v \yqkv, s{_bvIn§v \yqkv tlÀ Hm¬ th' Fó ]pkvXI¯nð \nópÅ ]cn`mj. hnhÀ¯\w: _mecma³

bp-ïm-bn-cp-óp-sh-óv hyàw.P-Kv-Zmð-]p-cnð Rm³ Zñn cm-P-d-

bn-te-¡v t]mbn, A-hn-sS _n-\mb-Iv sk³, i-¦ÀKp-l \n-tbm-Kn \-bn-¡p-ó O-¯n-kvK-Uv ssa³-kv {im-an-Iv kw-Ln-\p th-ïn j-lo-Zv tlm-kv-]n- äð Xp-S-§n-bn-t« D-ïm-bn-cp-ópÅp. ]-{X {]-i-kvXn tX-Sp-ó a-\pjy-\m-bn-cp-ónñ _n-\m-bIv, F-¦nepw a-{Zm-knepw shñq-cn-ep-apÅ tIm-tf-Pv Ime-¯v R-§Ä¡v ]-c-kv-]-c-a-dn-bm-am-bn-cpóp. B {]-tZi-¯p \n-óv hoïp-sam-cp tÌm-dn-¡v th-ïn-bp-Å F-sâ i-eyw-sN-¿ð Xn-c-kv-I-cn-¡m³ a-\-Êp-h-cm-¯ \ñ a-\p-jy-cm-bn-cp-óp A-t±-lhpw \n-tbm-Kn-bpw. j-lo-Zv tlm-kv-]n-äð h-gn sN-¿m³ {i-an-¡p-ó-sX-´m-sW-óv F-\n-¡v a-\-Ên-em-bn-«n-sñ-óv ]n-óo-S-t±-lw kc-k-am-bn F-tóm-Sp ]-d-ªn-«pïv.

1983þtem A-Xn-sâ ]n-tä-s¡mñw Xp-S-¡¯ntem a-l-cm-{ã-bnð K-h-×âv, K-h-×ân-X-c hn-I-k-\-{]-hÀ-¯-\§-sf ]-än A-t\z-jn-¡p-ó-Xn-\n-S-bnð Rm\pw F-Iv-kv-{]-Ên-se k-l-{]-hÀ-¯-I-\m-bn-cp-ó ]-tc-X-\m-b- {]-Im-iv ImÀ-Uv-tebpw dm-se-Km³-kn-±n-bn-se-¯n-s¸-«p. A-®m l-km-sc F-ó {l-kz-Im-b\m-b ap³-]-«m-f-¡m-c³ A-hn-sS kz-´w {Km-aw l-cn-Xm-`-am-¡p-Ibpw a-Zy-hn-cp-²-ap-tó-ä-ap-ïm-¡p-Ibpw sX-äp-Im-sc in-£n-¡m³ \-ho-\-in-£m-hn-[n-IÄ

I-sï-¯p-I-bp-am-bn-cpóp. F-´p Ip-ä-¯n-\m-sWóv HmÀ-a-bnñ, A-óv Nn-e Ip-ä-hm-fnI-sf {Km-ao-WÀ X-e-Io-gm-bn sI-«n-¯q-¡p-ó-Xn-s\ ]-än l-km-sc F-tóm-Sv ]-dª-Xv F-\n-¡v hy-à-ambn HmÀ-a-bp-ïv. H-cp ]t£, A-§-s\-bm-bn-cn¡-Ww cmPyw A®m l-km-sc-sb ]-än B-Zy-am-bn tI-«Xv.

Km-Ôn ]o-kv ^u-tïj-sâ tP-Wemb thm-fâ-dn B-£-\nð {Kmao-W dn-t¸mÀ-«n-§v \-S-¯n-b-Xn-sâ Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-bn-cp-óp C-´y³ F-Iv-kv-{]-Ên-se hn-I-kt\mòp-J ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯\w. ]-{Xm-[n-]À tPmÀ-Pv hÀ-Ko-kv {Kmao-W F-³.Pn.Hm.IÄ sN-¿pó tPm-enI-sf ]-än te-J-\-§-sf-gp-Xm³ F-só A-b-¡pw. aq-« I-Sn sIm-ïv Np-h-ó i-co-c-hp-am-bn Rm-\-t±-l-t¯m-Sv tNm-Zn¡pw: "Rm-s\-hn-sS-bm-Wv Xm-a- kn¡p-I?' (A-sñ-¦nð Ip-fn-¡p-I, \n-Xy-IÀ-a-§Ä \nÀ-h-ln¡p-I þ C-Xv tNm-Zn-¡m-¯ tNm-Zy-§-fm-Wv). Nn-e F³.Pn.Hm.IÄ-¡v K-kv-äv lu-kp-IÄ D-ïm-hpw. ]-t£ Nn-e-bn-S-§-fn-se {Kmao-W Km-Ôn-b³ {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ Im-en-s¯m-gp-¯m-Wv Im-Wn-¨p XcnI þ I-óp-Im-enI-sf sImïp-t]m-bv-¡-gn-ª ti-jw _-¡äpw aKpw D-]-tbm-Kn¨v A-hn-sS Ip-fn-t¨mfp ({Kmao-W kv-{Xo-IÄ Ip-fn-¡p-ó Ip-f-§-fn-se ]-¨-\n-d-ap-Å sh-Åw I-ïmð Rm³ hn-f-dn-t¸mhpw).

Rm³ ]n.km-bv\m-sYm-ópañ1, F-¦n-epw ]n-óoSv H-cp hÀ-jw {]m-b- ap-Å A-hmÀ-Uv t\-Sm³ F-só tbm-Ky-bm¡nb tIm-¸n F-gp-Xm³ F-sâ \m-ep hÀj-s¯ tPm-en-¡n-S-bnð Rm³ a-Wn-¸p-cpw A-k-ap-aS-¡w [m-cm-fw kw-Øm-\-§-fnð t]m-bn-«pïv. \n-§Ä am-{X-sa F-s´-¦nepw

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P\phcn 2013

{]-tXyI tPm-en sN-¿p-óp-Åp-sh-¦nð A-hn-sS Xn-f-§m³ F-fp-¸-amWv. Cu I-ã-¸m-Sn-s\ñm-am-bn Rm³ {Km-ao-W dn-t¸mÀ-«n-§n-\p-Å A-hmÀ-Uv t\Sn, ln-µp-Øm³ ssSw-kn-se F-sâ ap³ k-l-{]-hÀ-¯-I-bm-bn-cp-ó {]-` Z-¯p-am-bn A-hmÀ-Uv ]-¦n-«p þ A-hÀ¡-Xv e-`n¨-Xv \m-Kcn-I dn-t¸mÀ-«n-§n-\m-bn-cpóp. A-§-s\-bm-Wv {]-i-kv-Xn ]{Xw ]-d-ªXv.

A-¡me-s¯ {Kmao-W dn-t¸mÀ-«n-§n-sâ {]-tXy-I-X G-Xv Im-cyhpw km-[yam-b H-cp tÌm-dn-bms-W-ó-Xm-bn-cp-óp. ]t£, C-´y³ F-Iv-kv-{]-Êv thm-fâ-dn B-£-\m-bn-cp-ónñ, A-cp¬ jq-dn-bp-sS H-cp hÀj-s¯ X-IÀ-¸³ A-t\z-j-Wm-ß-I ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-\-¯n-\p ti-jw "tKm-_À- Kym-kv tP-W-enkw" þ A-§-s\-bm-Wv \nÀ-Z-bcm-b k-l-{]-hÀ-¯IÀ F-sâ tPm-en-sb hn-fn¨-Xv þ B-bn-cp-ónñ t]-¸-dn-\v B-h-iyw. F-Iv-kv-{]-Ênð H-cp ]mÀ-«oj-sâ A-¸pd-¯v tPm-en sN-bv-Xn-cp-ó kzm-an-\m-Y³ A-¿À H-cn-¡ð ]dªp: "F-Iv-kv-¢q-ko-hv F-ó-Xn-sâ ]pXn-b \nÀ-hN-\w C-Xm þ Bcpw t]m-Im³ C-S-bnñm-¯ Øe-¯p t]m-hp-I, A-hn-sS \n-§Ä F-gp-Xp-ó-sXñmw F-Iv-kv-¢q-ko-hv B-bn-cn-¡pw."

H-cp hÀ-jw Iq-Sn I-gn-ª-t¸mÄ F-Iv-kv-{]-Ên-se Nne-hp Np-cp-¡ð {i-a-§Ä F-sâ X-cw tP-W-en-k-¯n-sâ I-Y I-gn¨p. {Kmao-W k-ôm-c-¯n-\p-Å _P-äv Cñm-Xm¡n, A-{X Xsó. Ip-ªn-s\ h-fÀ-¯m\pw \-K-cm-Sn-Øm-\-¯n-ep-Å dn-t¸mÀ-«n-§v tPm-en I-ïp-]n-Sn-¡m\pw k-a-b-am-bn.

F-Iv-kv-{]-Ên-sâ ]-{Xm-[n-]-Øm\-¯v _n.Pn.hÀ-Ko-kn-sâ ]n³-Km-an-bm-bn kp-a³ Zp-s_-sb¯n. {]-[m-\-a-{´n-sb-ó \n-e-bnð cm-Po-hv Km-Ôn X-sâ B-ZÀ-i-hm-Z-¯n-sâ -B-Ëm-Z-¯n-ep-am-bn-cp-óp. X-sâ A-\p-kv-a-c-W-§Ä F-gp-Xn {]-kn-²o-I-cn¨ `m-kv-IÀ tLm-sk-ó _yq-tdm-{Im-än-s\ hn-c-kam-b kÀ-¡mÀ ZqÀ-ZÀi-s\ ]cn-jv-I-cn-¡-cn-¡m³ ]Ýn-a _w-Km-fnse UmÀ-Pn-en-§n-ð \n-óv Uð-ln-bn-te-¡v sIm-ïp-h-ón-«p-apïv. Hm-¸-td-j³ hn-izmky-X F-óm-Wv R-§-sfñm-a-Xn-s\ hn-fn-¨Xv. "t]m-bn `m-kv-I-dn-s\ CâÀhyq sN-¿p', Zp-s_ ]-cªp. A§-s\ F-sâ c-ïma-s¯ kv-s]-j-sse-tk-j³ P-\n¨p: am-[y-a§-sf dn-t¸mÀ-«v sN-¿p-I.

G-Xm\pw hÀ-jw ap-¼v sS-en-hn-j³ I-f-dm-bn am-dn-bn-cpóp. A-Xv {i-²n-t¡-ï am-[y-a-am-bn am-dm³ t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cpóp. 1996em-bn-cpóp

A-Xv. A-Sp-¯ A-ôp hÀ-j-¯n-\n-S-bnð am-[y-a§Ä F-{X-am{Xw ]p-jv-]n-¡p-sa-óv H-cp ]n-Sn-bp-ap-ïm-bn-cp-ónñ. Asñ-¦nð am-[y-a-{]-hÀ¯-\w F-{X -am{Xw am-dp-saóv. H-cp a-{´n-bp-sS {]-kw-K-Øe-¯v \n-óv a-säm-cp a-{´n-bp-sS th-Zn-bn-te-¡v Spho-e-dp-I-fnð ]c-¡w ]m-bp-ó ITn-\m-[zm-\n-I-fnð \n-óv Xn-f-§p-ó Im-dp-I-fnð I-d-§p-ó bp-hm-¡-fn-te-¡v am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ am-dp-I-bm-bn-cpóp (C³-ÌmÄ-saâv hy-h-Ø-bnð Im-dp-IÄ hm-§p-I-bm-Wv D-bÀ-¨-bp-sS e-£-W-sa-ó Øn-Xn-bn-te-¡v Im-cy-§-sf-¯n-¯pS§n). Np-½m {]-kw-K-§Ä dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ sN-¿p-ó-Xnð \n-óv A§-s\ Nn-e _o-äp-IÄ D-sï-óv t]m-ep-a-dn-bm-¯ _o-äp-I-fnð \n-óv ^o-¨À tÌm-dn-I-sf-gp-Xp-ó-Xn-em-bn A-hÀ-¡v I¼w.

hmÀ-¯m-te-J-IÀ þ A-[ym-]-I-cpw- h-¡o-e-òmcpw tjm-¸p-S-a-I-fpw. C-h-cp sS {Kmao-W dn-t¸mÀ-«n-§v hmÀ-¯ kr-ãn-¡p-ó-h-cpsS kz-`m-hw amän.

{Kmao-W C-´y-bnð ]-{X-§Ä Nn-e-hm-I-W-sa-¦nð Ip-d-ª A-f-hn-se-¦nepw {Kmao-W Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ hn-h-c-§fpw \ð-I-Ww. X§-sf ]-än F-s´-¦nepw ]-d-ªn-«ptïm F-óv {Km-ao-WÀ t\m-¡p-ó sU-bv-en _p-Å-än³-t_mÀ-Uv B-I-Ww ]{X§Ä.

D-Zm-co-I-c-Wm\-´-c Im-e-¯n\v th-sd F-s´m-s¡ tZm-j-ap-sï-¦n-epw AXv ap-s¼mópw tI-«n-«nñm-¯ X-cw ]-c-ky-h-cp-am-\w kr-ãn¡p-I hgn sS-en-hn-j-sâbpw A-¨-Sn-bp-sSbpw h³-h-fÀ-¨-bv-¡v h-gn-bn-«p. C-´y-bp-sS {Kmao-W ]-{X-hn-¹-h-w km-[y-ambXnsâ Imc-Ww D-Xv-]-ó-§Ä-¡v

am-[y-a§-sf ]-än 26 hÀ-jw dn-t¸mÀ-«v sN-¿p-ó-Xn-\n-S-bnð am-[y-a-§-fp-sS {]-Ir-Xn-Zriyw X-só am-dn. Zn-\-]-{X-§Ä \-K-c-§-fnð \n-óv sN-dp-]-«-W-§-fn-te¡pw ]n-só {Km-a- §-fn-te¡pw ]-SÀ-óp. A-h-bv-¡v \n-d-§Ä hóp, k-¹n-saâp-I-fp-sS I-\w sh¨p. sS-en-hn-j³ Zq-c-ZÀisâ Du-cm-¡p-Sp-¡nð \nópw h-fÀ-óv \n-b-a-hn-cp-²am-b tI-_nÄ hy-h-km-b-am-bn. 1995þð \-½-fmcpw kz]-\w ImWp-I Iq-Sn sN-¿m-¯ km-[y-X-I-fp-am-bn CâÀ-s\-äp-sa¯n.

Zn-\-]-{X-§Ä- Pnñm B-Øm-\-§-fn-te¡pw {Km-a-§-fn-ep-sa-¯n-b-t¸mÄ C-Xnð amÀ-K-ZÀ-in-I-fm-bn-cp-ó "Cu-

\m-Sv' kv-{Snw-KÀ-am-sc D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Xp-S§n. C-h-cm-Wv B-Zy-s¯ ]u-c

þ A-Xv _-lp-cm-{ã-am-bmepw tZ-io-b-am-bmepw þ {Kmao-W hn]-Wn B-h-iy-am-bn-cpóp, A-h {]-N-cn-¸n-¡m³ am-[y-a-§fpw th-W-am-bn-cp-óp F-ó-XmWv. {Kmao-W Zn-\-]{X-§Ä D-¯À-{]-tZ-inð A-hÀ-¡v {KmaoWhn]-Wn kr-ãn-¡p-sa-óv sIm-I tImf-sb hn-iz-kn-¸n-¡m³ X-¿m-dm¡n-b ]hÀ- t]m-bâp-IÄ ssZ-\n-Iv Pm-K-c-Wn-sâ D-tZym-K-ØÀ F-\n-¡v Im-«n-¯-ón-«p-ïv.

2002þð Rm³ _-kv-X-dn-te-¡pw _n-\mb-Iv sk-ón-sâ tlmw t_-kn-te¡pw ho-ïpw a-S-§n-b-t¸mÄ ]n-¨-sh-¨p-Xp-S-§p-I-bm-bn-cp-ó am-thmhm-Z {]-Øm-\w F{Xtbm th-cq-ón-¡-gn-ªn-cpóp. sk³ {Kmao-W B-tcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bnð X-sâ {]-hÀ¯-\w

tkh´n ss\\m³

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B-cw-`n-¨p-I-gn-ªn-cpóp. _-kv-X-dn-se tP-W-en-k-¯n-sâ A-hØ-sb Ip-dn-¨v F-\n-¡v ]-d-ªp-X-cm³ A-t±-lw P-Kv-Zð-]q-cn-se A-t±-l-¯n-sâ H-cp ]n-.bp.kn.Fð. (]o-¸nÄ-kv bq-\n-b³ t^mÀ kn-hnð en-t_À-«okv) k-l-{]-hÀ-¯-I-sâ A-Sp-t¯-¡v F-só A-b-¨p. ]t£, b-YmÀ-° hn-Zym-`ym-kw hgn-bn-ep-ïm-bn-cpóp..

dm-bv-]q-cnð \n-óv I-¦-Wn-te-¡pÅ ssl-th-bnð tdm-U-cn-In-ep-Å H-cp IS-bp-sS t_mÀ-Unð C§-s\ Iïp: "\n-§-fp-sS hmÀ-¯-IÄ C-hn-sS \ðIpI'. I-S-¡m-c³ O-¯n-kv-K-Vn-se H-cp Zn-\-]-{X-¯n-sâ kv-{Snw-K-dm-bn-cp-óp. X-\n-¡v hmÀ-¯ tX-Sn t]m-tI-ï-Xnñ, I-S-¡m-c³ R-§-tfm-Sv ]-dªp, hmÀ-¯ th-W-sa-óv B-h-iy-ap-Å-hÀ A-X-hn-sS F-¯n-¨p-sIm-Åpw. {]m-tZin-I N-S-§pI-sf ]-än ssI-sIm-sï-gpXn-b hmÀ-¯-I-fmhpw AXv. h-gn-bnð I-ïp-ap«n-b H-cp F-k-v.Sn.Un. _q-¯v D-S-abpw H-cp hn-[-¯nð H-cp kn-än-k¬ tP-W-en-Ìm-bn-cpóp. A-tX ssl-th-bnð H-cp am[y-a Ip-Spw-_hpw R-§-fp-sS I-®nð s]«p. c-ïp k-tlm-Z-c-òmÀ tNÀ-óv ]-{X-hnð-]-\-¡m-c-sâbpw te-J-I-sâbpw ]-ckyw G-Pân-sâbpw tPm-en sN-¿póp. {Kmao-W tP-W-en-kw i-cn¡pw P-\m-[n-]-Xy-h-Xv-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡póp, A-Xv Xn-I¨pw ]p-cp-j-òm-cp-tS-Xv am-{X-hp-am-bn-cpóp.

C-´y-bp-sS {Km-a-§-fnð \n-óv G-I-bmbn B-Zy-s¯ hnI-k-t\mòpJ dn-t¸mÀ-«n-§-v sN-bv-Xv Ir-Xyw 20 hÀ-jw I-gn-ª-t¸mÄ C-sXmópw hen-b

Im-cy-a-sñ-óv F-\n-¡v a-\-Ên-em-bn þ \n-§Ä A-Xn-s\ F§-s\ \nÀ-h-Nn-¡p-óp F-ó-Xm-Wv {]-iv-\w.

am-[y-a- _q-an-sâ c-ïp ]-Xn-äm-ïp-I-fn-eq-sS tP-W-en-kv-äpIÄ F-§-s\-bm-Wv I-Sóp-t]mbXv? \n-§-fp-sS Im-gv-N-¸m-S-\p-k-cn-¨v B tKm{Xw ]-cn-W-an-¡pI-tbm ]n-óm-¡w t]m-hp-Itbm sN-bvXp. tI-_nfpw kmä--sse-äv sS-en-hn-j\pw C-´y Io-g-S-¡n-b-Xn-\p ti-jw tP-W-en-kv-äpIÄ¡v Xn-cn-ªp t\m-t¡-ïn h-ón-«nñ. A-Xn-{Zp-Xw s]-cp-Ip-ó \yq-kv Nm-\-ep-IÄ {]nâv tP-W-en-ÌpI-sf sh-«n-hn-gp-§m³ Xp-S§n, H-¸w H-cp ]pXn-b hÀK-s¯ hmÀ-s¯-Sp-¡m\pw þ N-ta-en-tZ-hn sP-bv³ A-hmÀ-Uv tP-Xmhm-b _-À¡ Z-¯n-s\ t]m-ep-Å-hsc, A-hÀ tPm-en ]Tn¨-Xp X-só sS-en-hn-j-\n-emW-v-.

D-Zm-co-Ic-Ww am[y-a cw-K¯pw aÕ-cw sIm-ïp-hóp, Nn-´n-¡m³ ]-äm-¯ A-{Xbpw sN-dp-¸-¯nð X-só Có-s¯ tP-W-en-Ìp-IÄ h³-Xp-I-IÄ t\-Sn-¯p-S-§n-bn-cn-¡póp. A-tX kabw Cu tKm-{X-¯nð s]-« ]-eÀ¡pw hn-j-b-¯n-ep-Å ]-cn-Úm-\w F-¡m-e-s¯bpw Xm-sg-bp-amWv. CâÀ-s\-äv \n-§Ä-¡v I-«v B³-Uv t]-Ìv ]Tn-¸n-¨p-X-cpóp, sS-en-hn-j-\n-em-sW-¦nð B-¦À-s]-gv-k¬ C-bÀ ]o-kn-eq-sS ]d-ªp X-cpó tNm-Zy-§Ä tNm-Zn¨p-sIm-ïv ssa-¡v H-cm-fp-sS ap-J-t¯-¡v X-Åpó-Xv am-{X-am-Wv dnt¸mÀ-«n§v. kv-äpUn-tbm-bn-em-sW-¦nð sS-en-t{]mw-]v-äÀ t\m-¡n hm-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ hf-sc hn-Z-Kv[-s\ t]m-se

A-`n-\-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿mw. Cóv D-tZym-K-¯n-se ]p-tcm-K-Xn-

bpw F{Xtbm th-K-¯n-emWv. F-sâ Ime-¯v hÀj-§-tfm-fw dn-t¸mÀ-«-dm-bn \-S-óm-em-Wv H-cmÄ K-h-׳-dv ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ I-hÀ sN-¿p-ó kv-s]-jð I-dkv-t]mïâv B-Ip-ó Xv. A§-s\ Ipd-¨p Im-ew I-gn-ªv dn-«-bÀ sN-¿p-óp. ]-t£ A-Xn-th-Kw I-b-dn-t¸m-Ip-ó-hÀ B ]T-\-Im-ew \-ã-am-¡p-óp þ k-ô-cn¡ð, _o-äp-IÄ ]Tn-s¨-Sp¡ð, B {]-{In-b h-gn \n-§Ä-s¡-´n-em-Wv Xmð-]-cy-sa-óv a-\-Ên-em¡ð. Có-s¯ A-]m-c-am-bn B-ß-hn-izm-k-ap-Å dn-t¸mÀ-«À-amÀ-¡v tIm-a-IÄ F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- C-tS-ï-sX-ó-dn-bn-sñ-óv am-{X-añ ]-ecpw {Km-a-§-fn-te-¡v k-ô-cn-¨n-«p Iq-Sn-bp-ïm-hnñ, A-hÀ ]m-c-Nyq-«v h-gn A-t§m-«v Nm-Snb-tX D-ïmIp. sS-en-hn-j-\v kv-XpXn, A-hÀ-¡v X-§Ä I-hÀ sN-¿p-ó cm-{ão-b t\-Xm-¡-sfbpw _n-kn-\-Êp-I-tcbpw t]-sc-Sp-¯v hn-fn-¡m³ am{Xw A-Sp-¸hpw D-ïm-Ipw.

]n-só k-a-Imeo-\ kw-`-h§-sf ]-än-bp-Å c-N-\-I-fnð \-h-am-[y-a-§-fp-sS k-½m-\-hp-ap-ïv þ t»mKÀ. t]-cnñm-bv-a-bnepw A-`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-¯nepw A-`n-c-an-¡p-ó C-¡q-«À kz-´w ssk-_À ¹mäp-t^m-ap-IÄ sI-«n-¸-Sp-¡póp. Ch-sc ap-Jy-[m-cm am-[y-a-§Ä¡pw B-h-iy-am-W-v þ 24 a-Wn-¡qÀ sS-en-hn-j-\n-epw 100 t]-Pv ]{X-¯nepw Ø-ehpw k-a-bhpw \n-d-¡m³ km[-\w th-W-a-tñm, A-h-sc-t¸mgpw B-sc-sb-¦nepw D-²-cn-¡m³ t\m-¡n \-S-¡p-I-bm-bn-cn-¡pw.

N-ta-en-tZ-hn A-hmÀ-Uv C-t¸m-gp-apïv. Imc-Ww \-h-am-[-ya -bp-K-¯nð ap-ó-Wn-t¸m-cm-fn-IÄ kv-{Xo-I-fm-Wv. ]-t£ A-Xv t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡m³ {i-an-¨ tP-W-en-k-¯n-\v cq-]m´-cw kw-`-hn-¨n-cn-¡póp. Nn-e-t¸mÄ Cu A-hmÀ-Uv C-\n sIm-Sp-t¡ï-Xv t»m-KÀ-amÀ-¡m-bn-cn-¡pw.

Ct¸mÄ Uðlnbnð Xmakn¡pó

tkh´n ss\\m³ lnµp, lnµpØm³

ssSwkv XpS§nb ]{X§fnð am[ya

taJesb¡pdn¨v FgpXpó tImfanÌv

BWv. ku¯v Gjy³ aoUob hm¨v

sh_vsskämb Zn lq«v tUm«v HmÀKn-

sâ Øm]I ]{Xm[n]cmWv.

1. Z ln-µp-hn-sâ dq-dð A-t^-bv-gv-kv F-UnäÀ. hn-ZÀ-`-bnepw a-äp-apïm-b IÀ-j-I B-ß-l-XyI-sf ]-än dn-t¸mÀ-«p-I-sf-gp-Xn-b-Xn-\v am-Kv-tk-tk A-hmÀ-Uv e-`n-¨n-«pïv.

am-[y-a- _q-an-sâ c-ïp ]-Xn-äm-ïp-I-fn-eq-sS tP-W-en-kv-äpIÄ F-§-s\-bm-Wv I-Sóp-t]mbXv? \n-§-fp-sS Im-gv-N-¸m-S-\p-k-cn-¨v B tKm{Xw ]-cn-W-an-¡pI-tbm ]n-óm-¡w t]m-hp-Itbm sN-bvXp. D-Zm-co-Ic-Ww am[y-a cw-K¯pw aÕ-cw sIm-ïp-hóp, Nn-´n-¡m³ ]-äm-¯ A-{Xbpw sN-dp-¸-¯nð X-só Có-s¯ tP-W-en-Ìp-IÄ h³-Xp-I-IÄ t\-Sn-¯p-S-§n-bn-cn-¡póp. A-tX kabw Cu tKm-{X-¯nð s]-« ]-eÀ¡pw hn-j-b-¯n-ep-Å ]-cn-Úm-\w F-¡m-e-s¯bpw Xm-sg-bp-amWv. -

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\m«p `mjbmbn amdns¡mïncpó Imeambncpóp AXv. BÀ. sI. \mcm bWsâ amðKpUn Zn\§Ä¡pw, apð¡v cmPv B-\-µnsâ hmfn\pw Acnhmfn\pw, cmPmdmhphnsâ ]m¼pw Ibdn\pw A¸pdt¯¡v C´y³ Cw¥ojv Aóv IS¡pIbmbncpóp.

doUÀjn¸nsâ amäs¯¡pdn¨v At±ls¯ Ccp¯n¨n´n¸n¨ Hcp kXyIY Ipjz´v knwKv ho¡venbnð hnhcn¨Xv HmÀ¡póp.

ho¡ven Aóv Hcp kvs]jyð ]Xn¸p kvs]jyenÌmbn amdnbncpóp.

knÔn, ]ôm_n, A¿¦mÀ, am²zm, tat\m³ kvs]jyð ]Xn¸p IÄ. C´y³ kaql¯nsâ ckIc amb F³sskt¢m]oUnbmIÄ. A¡q«¯nð Hcp aZÀ sXdoÊm kvs]jyepw Cd¡n. hfsctbsd tlmw hÀ¡p sNbvXv AXnat\mlc amb hÀ®Nn{X§fpw, ]T\§fpw, Ipjz´v knwKv Xsó aZdns\ Znhk§Ä ]n´pÀóv Xbmdm¡nb apJmapJhpw DĸsS Kmw`ocyhpw DóX\nehmchpw AtX kabw Fñm¯cw hmb\¡mscbpw BIÀ jn¡póXpw ]nSn¨ncp¯n hmbn¸n ¡m³ tijnbpÅXpamb kq¸À tPÀWenÌn¡v F^À«v. Aóv e`yamb Fñm A¨Sn kmt¦XnI hnZybpw tem`anñm¯ s_óäv tImÄam³ I¼\nbpsS km¼¯nI iànbnð A[njvTnXamb anIvkv. aZdnsâ Poh\pÅ IhÀt]Pv. Ipjz´v knwKnsâ Bscbpw {`an¸n ¡pó IhÀ tÌmdn. At±lw

Xsâ hÀ¡nð AXoh k´pjvS\m bncpóp.

B Bgv¨ Ipjz´v knwKn\v Znñnbv¡v t]mIWambncpóp. hnam\¯nð sXm«p apónse koänð kn\namXmcw Ejn I]qÀ. C´y³ kn\nabpsS Poh\mUnbmb I]qÀ ^manenbnse A¡mes¯ ]pXnb sk³tkj³ Ccn¡póp. t_m_n Fó cmPvI]qdnsâ kq¸À FâÀ sSbv\À ^nenaneqsS C´y³ bphXz ¯nsâ sF¡Wmbn amdnb sNdp¸ ¡mc³. koän\p apónð hmbn¡m\m bn h¨ncpó A\h[n ]{XamknI Ifnð \nóv Ejn Hmtcmómbn t\m¡n Ahkm\w Xsâ aZÀ sXdnÊm kvs]jyð FSp¯t¸mÄ Ipjz´v knwKv kt´mjt¯msS F¯n t\m¡n. Aôp \nanjw. Ih-dnse aZÀ sXdnÊmbpsS Nn{X¯nð \nóv Ejn t\sc ho¡ven adn¨p. ]pdw t]Pnse ]ckyw Hcp \nanjw t\m¡n. ]nónte¡v s]s«óv aqóm ep t]Pv adn¨p.

kÀZmÀPn BImw£tbmsS F¯nt\m¡n.

hm«v Zn ÌmÀkv t^mÀ sSð t]PmWv.

hmc^ew.Ejn I]qÀ {i²tbmsS Xsâ

hcpw Bgv¨s¯ PmXI^ew hmbn¨p.

ASp¯ t]Pnte¡v adn¨p. ImÀ«q¬ Nn{XIY, ^mâhpw am³ t{U¡pw. AXpw IuXpI]qÀhw hmbn¨p. BÀ sI e£vaW\pw adnbm andm³sUbpw sXm«Sp¯pïm bncpóp. Ahsct¸mepw ssa³Up sN¿msX Ejn ]pôncn¨p sImïv ho¡ven aS¡n aäp ]{XamknIIÄ s¡m¸w C«p.

kÀZmÀPn KmVambn Nn´n¨ncn

sI. Fð. taml\hÀ½

CeyqÌvtdäUpw it¦gvkpw

{^w hÀ½mPn, hn¯v eu

am[ya§Ä \ðIpóXp XsóbmtWm P\§Ä¡p thïXv? hmb\¡mcpsS, t{]£Isâ ]£¯p \nóv \½psS ssZ\wZn\ am[yatemI¯neqsS ISópt]mhpIbmWv Cu ]wànbneqsS teJI³.

\qdp hÀj¯ntesd C´ybn se Cw¥ojv hmb\¡mcpsS

{]nb hos¡³Uv hnt\mZhnÚm\ tkmgvkmbncpó CeyqÌvtdäUv ho¡ven Hm^v C´y 1993 ð {]kn²o IcWw \nÀ¯n. 1975ð ASnb´ncm hØ {]Jym]n¨v A[nIw Xmakn-bmsX Atóbv¡v ap¸Xp hÀjambn \s½ ckn¸n¨ncpó it¦gvkv ho¡venbpw AS¨p ]q«n. Fsâ sNdp¸Imes¯ Iq«pImcmbncpóp Ccphcpw. Rm³ GImInbmsWó kXyw HmÀ¡mXncn¡m³ AhÀ Fsó klmbn¨p. Fsâ Imgv¨¸mSn \pw Nn´mkcWn¡pw `mjbv¡pw cq]w \ðInb {]nbs¸« am[ya-kplr¯p¡fmbncpóp Ccphcpw.

Chcnð CeyqÌvtdäUv ho¡ven Bbncpóp IqSpXð P\{]nb³. kmbn¸òmÀ am{Xw ]{Xm[n]òmcmbn cpó ho¡ven BZy C´y³ ]{Xm[n ]cmb F.Fkv. cmasâ ssIbnse ¯nbt¸mÄ BsI ssl t{_m Bbn amdnsbóv F\n¡p tXmónbncpóp. AXv Gsd¡mew \nónñ. \nXybphm hmb Ipjz´v knwKv ]{Xm[n]cmbn NmÀsPSp¯t¸mÄ Xangv {_mÒW \pw ]ôm_n kÀZmÀPnbpw X½nep Å cq]`mhhyXymkw t]mse ho ¡venbpsS apJ¯n\pw DÅS¡¯n \pw s]s«óp amäw Dïmbn. Cu amäw Ipd¨v t]À¡v kln¨nsñ¦nepw ho¡venbv¡v A\h[n Cc«n ]pXnb Bcm[Isc krjvSn¨p. Cw¥ojv `mj `cWm[nImcnIfpsS `mj FóXnð \nópw km[mcW C´y¡mcsâ Hcp

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¡Ww.Chs\ F§ns\ Rm³ ho¡ven

hmbn¸n¡pw?]e hnZyIfpw t\m¡n. Ahkm

\w kÀZmÀPn t]mbn. ]nsó Fw. hn. I½¯pw, {]oXojv \µnbpw {ian¨p. Ahkm\w ho¡ven {]kn²oIcWw \nÀ¯n.

\nÀ¯nbXñ. \nóXmWv. clky-ambn tNmZn¨mð CXmbncn¡Ww D¯cw.

it¦gvkv ho¡ven A§ns\ Bbncpónñ.

ASnb´ncmhØ {]Jym]n¨p.Nncn¡v sk³kÀ jn¸v hóp.i¦Àkv ho¡ven \nóXñ.

\nÀ¯nbXmWv.i¦À ho¡venbpsS Ahkm\s¯

apJ{]kwK¯nð FgpXn.R§Ä BZy apJ{]kwK¯nð

FgpXnbXpt]mse ho¡venbpsS e£yw hmb\¡mcs\ Nncn¸n¡pI FóXmbncpóp. temI¯ns\, s]mÅ{]Xm]nIfmb t\Xm¡òmsc, NXnbòmsc, shÅ ]qinb XncpSòm-sc, am\knIsshIeyw ad¨p h¨ am\yòmsc, \½sf¯só. ]s£ CÆn[w Nncn¡m³ XbmdmIpóXn\v Hcp ehenepÅ kmwkvImcnI \nehmcw thWw, kl\iàn thWw, Aev]w A\pI¼bpw Iw]m j\pw thWw. GIm[n]XnIÄ¡v Nncn¡m³ AdnªpIqSm. lnävednsâ

`cWIme¯v Hcp \ñ tImaUntbm, \ñ ImÀ«qtWm, \ñ ]mcUntbm, Hcp \nÀt±mj¯ami¡_fn¸n¡tem PÀ½\nbnð Dïmbnñ.

P\m[n]Xy¯nepw GIm[n]Xn IÄ `cWm[nImcw ssIbS¡pó ssien hÀ²n¨p hcpó C¡me¯v Nncn sasñ aoUnbbnð \nópw A{] Xy£amIpIbmWv. Fñm¯cw s{]m^jWepIfpw, tUmIvSÀ, h¡o ð, sSIvt\mfPnÌv, A²ym]I³, tPÀWenÌv Fñmh-cpw, AhchcptS Xmb IqSpIfnð can¡pIbmWv. Ahsc t\m¡n Nncn¡m³ AhÀ Bscbpw k½Xn¡pIbnñ. A[n Imcw ssIhiapÅ cmjv{Sob¡mÀ H«pw k½Xn¡pIbpanñ.

\s½¯só t\m¡n Nncn¡m\p Å Ignhv \ap¡nñmXmIpIbmWv.

Gähpw ZpxJ-I-cw, Cu Ignhnñm bva ImcWw \½psS `mh\ sNsó ¯nbncn¡póXv apcSXz¯nepw `oIcXbnepamWv FóXmWv. A{Ia hpw _emXv¡mchpw lnwkbpw {]IrXn hncp²ssewKnIXbpw hmbn ¡m³ \mw CjvSs¸Spóp. sslPm ¡nwKv, Iq«_emÕwKw, \Kca²y ¯nse sIme, InUv\m¸nw-Kv þ Chbv¡v cmjv{Sobt¨cnXncnhpw t]Pv {Xo skmsskänbpambn _Ô s¸Sp¯mhpó tKmkn¸v ss]¦nfn cq]w.

Cóv sR«n¸n¡pó tjm¡v

\yqkpIÄ¡mbn \mw Im¯ncn¡p IbmWv.

it¦gvkv ho¡ven {]²oIcWw \nÀ¯nbt¸mÄ {]hNn¨p.

R§Ä ip`{]Xo£IcmWv. Cós¯ AhØ amdn temIw IqSp Xð k´pjvShpw dnemIvkpamIp-saóv R§Ä¡p-d-¸pïv.

]s£ Ft´m, Rm³ ZpxJnX \mWv.

Xami ]dbm\pw I®mSnbnð t\m¡n Nncn¡m\papÅ Ignhv \ap¡p hosïSp¡m³ Ignbpónñ. A¨Sn am[yaw kaql¯nsâ Cu IgnhnñmbvabpsS \ñ DZmlcWam-Wv. aebmfnbpsS {]nbs¸« aebmf at\mca Ipsd hÀjw ap¼v \ñ \nehmcapÅ hnt\mZamknI {]kn²oIcn¨ncpóp. amXr`qan Fñm Bgv¨bpw Hcp \mep t]Pv hnt\mZ ]pÅu«pw hmb\¡mÀ¡v \ðInbn cpóp. cknI\pw, kck\pw, \À½Zbpw, I«v I«pw, SIv S¡pw aebmfw it¦gvkv ho¡venIfmbn cpóp. Fñmw {]kn²oIcWw \nÀ¯n.

\mw hmc^e¯nte¡pw ^mâ¯nte¡pw aS§pIbmWv.

t\mhenÌpw ho£Ww

ap³ No^v FUnädpamWv teJI³.

teJIsâ Cþsabvð: varma.klmohana@gmail.com

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P\phcn 2013

]g-¡w sN-ó sNmñm-W-Xv. tP-W-en-Ìp-IÄ P-\n-¡p-I-bmWv, ]Tn-¨p-ïm-hp-Ibñ. P-ò-kn-²am-b I-gn-hp-IÄ

B-Wv H-cm-sf \ñ ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-I-\m-¡p-óXv. F-{X Im-ew ]Tn-¨m-epw H-cmÄ \ñ ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-I-\m-I-W-sa-ónñ, ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-\- ]mT]p-kv-X-I-§Ä Hópw ]Tn-¡m-¯ th-sdm-cmÄ \ñ ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-I-\m-sbópw h-cmw. ]-g-b X-e-ap-d-bn-se an-I-¨ ]-{Xm-[n-]-òmcpw tIm-f-an-Ìp-Ifpw dn-t¸mÀ-«À-amcpw tP-W-en-kw kv-Iq-fp-I-fnð t]m-b-n ]Tn¨ h-cñ. Có-s¯ ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ A§-s\ ]Tn-¨-h-cm-Wv Xm-\pw. C-Xnð \n-óv F-¡m-e-t¯¡pw _m-[-Iam-b k-Xy-hm-N-I-§Ä D-ïm-¡m-\m-hn-sñ-¦nepw H-cp Imcyw k-½-Xn-t¨ ]äq. C-¡me-¯v H-cp ]m-Sv ]Tn-t¨ H-cmÄ-¡v ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-I-\m-Im³ I-gnbq. tem-Iw A§-s\ am-dn-bn-cn-¡p-óp, s{]m-^-j-sâ co-XnIÄ, km-t¦-Xn-I hn-Zy-IÄ Fñmw am-dn. ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-\-¯nsâ X-¯z-§fpw {]-tbm-Khpw k-¦oÀ-W-am-bn. A-Xp-sIm-ïpX-só A-Xn-sâ ]T-\

hpw ]mTy-]-²-Xn-I-fp-sañmw Ku-c-h-tadn-b Imcy-§-fm-Wv Cóv.

tPW-en-kw C³-kv-än-äyq-«p-Ifpw A-{X-tb-sd hym-]-I-am-bn-cn-¡póp. am[y-a-ta-J-e-bv-¡v B-h-iy-am-b-Xn-sâ ]-e-bnc-«n hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ C-óv am-[y-a-{]-h-À¯-\w ]Tn-¡p- óp-sï-óv tXm-ópóp. H-cp-X-c-¯n-ep-Å \n-b-a-§fpw {I-aoIcW-§-fp-w Cu cw-K-¯nñ. sS-Iv-Ìv _p-¡p-IÄ t]-cn-\p-t]mepw Cñm-¯ tIm-gv-kp-IÄ ]-e bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-I-fnepw \-S-¡póp. F-{X t]-sc ]Tn-¸n-¡mw, ]Tn-¸n-¡p-ó-h-cp-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k tbmKy-X F-´v, ]Tn-¡p-ó-h-cp-sS tbmKy-X F-´v, F-´v kn-e_-kv A-\p-k-cn-¨m-Wv ]Tn-¸n- t¡-ïXvþ H-cp Im-cyw- kw-_-Ôn¨pw H-cp hy-h-Øbpw Cñ. BÀ-¡pw tP-W-en-kw C³-kv-än-äyq-«v Xp-S-§mw, BÀ¡pw ]Tn-¸n¡mw.

G-Xv co-Xn-bnð tP-W-en-kw ]T-\w ]p-\xkw-L-Sn-¸n¡mw F-ó B-tem-N-\ tZio-b Xe¯nepw B-tKm-f-

am[y-a hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-se D-bÀ-¨-I-fpw Xm-gv-N-Ifpw

F³. ]n. cmtP{µ³

am[y-a-ta-J-e-bv-¡v B-h-iy-am-b-Xn-sâ ]-e-bnc-«n hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ C-óv am-[y-a-{]-h-À¯-\w ]Tn-¡p-óp-sï-óv tXm-ópóp. H-cp-X-c-¯n-ep-Å \n-b-a-§fpw {I-aoIcW-§-fp-w Cu cw-K-¯nñ. F-{X t]-sc ]Tn-¸n-¡mw, ]Tn-¸n-¡p-ó-h-cp-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k tbmKy-X F-´v, ]Tn-¡p-ó-h-cp-sS tbmKy-X F-´v, F-´v kn-e_-kv A-\p-k-cn-¨m-Wv ]Tn-¸n-t¡-ïXv þ H-cp Im-cyw- kw-_-Ôn¨pw H-cp hy-h-Øbpw Cñ. BÀ-¡pw tP-W-en-kw C³-kv-än-äyq-«v Xp-S-§mw, BÀ¡pw ]Tn-¸n¡mw.

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X-e-¯nepw \-S-¡p-ópïv. C-´ym-K-h-s×ân-sâ a-\p-jy hn-`-h h-Ip-¸v 2012 amÀ-¨nð tZio-b X-e-¯nð am-[y-a- hn-Zym-`ym-kw \n-b-{´n-¡p-óXpkw-_-Ôn-¨v ]Tn-¨v dn-t¸mÀ-«v k-aÀ-¸n-¡m³ 15 Aw-K CâÀ an-\n-Ìo-cn-bð Sm-kv-Iv t^m-gv-kn-s\ \n-tbm-Kn-¨n-cpóp. A-Xv kw-_-Ôn-¨v ]p-d-s¸-Sp-hn-¨ D-¯-c-hn-se \n-co£-Ww {i-t²-b-amWv.

In this context, it has come to the notice of the Government that institutions in the field of TV, print media, journalism, films, etc. offer courses of different durations, different quality and often charge exorbitant fee from students without ensuring trained staff, fully equipped facilities and without a formally recognized institutional framework.

{]ap-Jcm-b am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-I-cpw hn-Z-Kv-² A-[ym-]-Icpw A-S-§p-ó-Xm-Wv k-an-Xn. k-an-Xn C-Xph-sc dn-t¸mÀ-s«m-ópw k-aÀ-¸n-¨n-«nñ F-óm-W-dn-bp-ó-Xv.

am-[y-a D-S-a-Ø-cp-sS kw-L-S-\bmb C-´y³ \yq-kv t]-¸À skm-ssk-än I-gn-ª hÀ-jw C-tX co-Xn-bn-ep-Å H-cp ]T-\-¯n-\v Xp-S-¡-an-Sp-I-bp-ïmbn. kw-L-S-\-bp-sS H-cp D-]-k-an-Xn-bmWv Cu ]T-\w \-S-¯n-bXv. Cu ]T-\-¯n-sâ dn-t¸mÀ-«v kwL-S-\ {]-kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«nñ.

B-tKm-f-X-e-¯nð G-ähpw Ku-c-h-ap-Å ]T-\w \-S-¯nb-Xv A-ta-cn-¡-bn-se ImÀ-WnPn tImÀ-¸-td-j\pw ss\-äv ^u-tï-j\pw tNÀ-ómWv. ImÀ-Wo-Pnþss\-äv C-\n-tjy-äohv Hm¬ Z ^yq¨À Hm-^v tP-W-en-kw F-Up-t¡-j³ F-ó Cu ]T-\w A-ta-cn-¡-bn-se A-cn-tkm-W tÌ-äv, s_À-¡en, sIm-f-¼n-b, am-cn-emâv, an-tÊmdn, s\-{_-kv-I, t\mÀ-¯v I-tcm-en-\, t\mÀ-¯v sh-t̬, kn-dm-Iyqkv, sS-Iv-km-kv Fäv Hu-Ìn³ bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-I-fp-sS ]-¦m-fn-¯-t¯m-sS-bm-bn-cp-óp. kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-I-fn-se hnhn-[ hnÚm-\ hn`m-K§sf tP-W-en-kw ]T-\-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-Sp-¯n tP-W-en-kw ]Tn-¡p-ó-cp-sS [m-c-W-Ifpw A-dnhpw hn-]p-e-am¡p-I F-ó-Xm-bn-cp-óp ]T-\-¯n-se ]-co-£-Ww.

"am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\ Ip-g-¸-¯n-em-Wv F-ó [m-c-W-bm-Wv ImÀ-Wn-Pn ss\-äv ^-U-tdjsâ Cu ]T-\-¯n-sâ A-Sn-Øm\w. Un-Pn-äð km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy-bp-sS ap-gph³ B-Lm-Xw ]qÀ-W-tXm-Xnð hyàam-Ip-ó-Xn\pw tP-W-en-k-¯n-sâ km-¼¯n-I amXr-I X-I-cp-ó-Xn\pw ap-¼p-Xsó, k-¦oÀ-Wam-b Cu tem-I-¯n\v Iq-Sp-Xð B-g-¯n-ep-Å am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\hpw Iq-Sp-Xð \-óm-bn ]-cn-io-en-¸n-¡-s¸-« tP-W-en-Ìp-I-fpw B-h-iy-am-Wv F-ó [m-c-W \-½-fnð h-fÀ-óp-h-cp-óp-ïm-bn-cpóp. cm-Py-s¯ tP-W-en-kw hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§-Ä¡m-Wv Iq-Sp-X-embpw Cu ]-cn-io-e-\-¯n-\v D-¯-c-hm-Zn¯w. ]-t£ A-hÀ Im-e-¯n-\v hf-sc ]n-d-In-em-Wv. ]-te-S¯pw am[y-a ]T-\-hn-`m-K-§Ä Iym-¼-Êp-I-fnð \-só A-cn-Ip-I-fn-em-Wv I-gn-ªp-t]m-ón- cp-ó-Xpw' þ ImÀ-Wo-Pn ss\-äv ]T-\-dn-t¸mÀ-«n-sâ B-Zy JÞn-I X-só ]T-\-¯n-sâ D-t±iyw sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯póp.tP-W-en-kw ]T-\ Øm-]-\§-sf B-g-¯nð _m-[n-¨ B-ß-hn-izm-k-]-c-am-b {]-Xn-k-Ôn-sb BWv ]T-\w t\-cn-«Xv. k-¦oÀ-Wam-b ]pXn-b Im-e-s¯bpw tem-I-s¯bpw ]Tn- ¡m\pw hym-Jym-\n-¡m-\pw tP-W-en-kw hn-ZymÀ-°n-Isf k-Ö-cm¡p-I F-ó-Xm-bn-cp-óp e-£yw.

ap-I-fnð ]-d-ª bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-I-fn-señmw tP-W-en-kw hn-ZymÀ-°nI-sf \nÝn-X Im-ew hnhn-[ im-kv-{Xþ km-aq-ly-im-kv-{X h-Ip-¸p-I-fp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-Sp-¯nb-Xv hen-b {]-tbm-P-\-ap-ïm-¡n F-óm-Wv C-Xp-kw-_-Ôn-¨ ]T-\-dn-t¸mÀ-«nð ]-d-bp-ó-Xv. hn-Úm-\m-[n-jvTn-X am-[y-a -{]-hÀ¯-\w F-óv hn-fn-¨ t{]m-P-Iv-äv a-äp Un-¸mÀ-«v-saâp-

IÄ¡pw tP-W-en-kw A-[ym-]-IÀ¡pw {]-tbmP-\w sN-bvXp. im-kv-{Xþkm-aq-ly-im-kv-{X ta-J-e-I-fnð ]pXn-b K-th-j-W ^-e§Ä, A-h-bn-se K-th-j-W co-Xn-IÄ F-ón-h-bnð tP-W-en-kw hn-ZymÀ-°n-Ifpw tP-W-en-kw co-Xn-I-fnð im-kv{Xþ km-aq-ly-im-kv-{X A-[ym-]-Icpw ]-cn-Nn-X-cm-bn F-ó-Xp-X-só {]-[m-\-^ew. tP-W-en-kw cw-K-t¯-¡v h-cp-ó-hÀ-¡v X-§Ä {i-² tI-{µo-I-cn-¡m³ t]m-Ip-ó hn-j-b-¯nð Xp-SÀ-¨bm-b hn-Úm-\-k-¼m-Z-\-¯n-\p-Å km[y-X I-sï-¯m\pw C-Xp-aq-ew I-gn-ªp-sh-óv Un-]mÀ-Sv-saâv ta-[m-hn-IÄ A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp-ópïv.

Cu ]-co-£-Ww tem-I bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-I-fnð \-S-¡p-t¼mÄ C-Xn-sâ a-tä A-ä-¯m-Wv \-½Ä \nð-¡p-óXv. _ncp-Z X-e-¯nepw _n-cp-Zm\-´-c X-e-¯nepw D-Å A-[y-b-\-¯nð hy-XykvX hn-Úm-\ a-Þ-e§-fn-se hn-Im-kw DÄ-s¡m-ï ti-j-amWv hn-Ikn-X cm-Py-§-fn-se hn-ZymÀ-°nIÄ am-[y-a hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-te-¡v I-S-¡p-ó-Xp-Xsó. F-ón«pw A-hÀ hn-Úm-\-¯nð ]n-d-In-em-Wv F-óm-bn-cp-óp ]-cmXn. t\m¡q, \-½Ä C-hn-sS F-s´-¦nepw hn-Úm-\w BÀ-Pn-¡p-ó-Xn-\v ap-¼v hn-ZymÀ-YnI-sf tP-W-en-Ìp-I-fm-¡m³ ]m-Sp-s]-Sp-I-bm-Wv. tP-W-en-kw H-cp hn-Úm-\ im-Jbñ, A-Xv hn-Úm\-s¯ D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-ó H-cp D-]-Ic-Ww am-{X-am-Wv F-ó A-Sn-Øm-\-X¯zw hn-kv-a-cn-¡p-óp. _n.F. X-e-¯n-se ap-Jy-hnj-bw tP-W-en-k-am¡mw F-óv sX-än-²-cn-¡póp. tP-W-en-kw ]Tn-¸n-¡m³ ¹-kv Sp X-ehpw sIm-Åp-ó-Xp-Xsó Fópw sX-än-²-cn-¡póp. H-cp hn-Úm-\-ta-J-e-bnepw A-dn-hnñm-¯ tP-W-en-kv-äv kz-bw A-]-I-S-¯n-emhpw F-ó-p-am-{X-añ k-aql-s¯ A-]-I-S-

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P\phcn 2013

¯n-em-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw F-óv \-½p-sS hn-`ym-`ym-k B-kq-{X-IÀ a-d-óp-t]m-Ipóp. Fñm-h-scbpw F-s´-¦nepw sXm-gnð ]Tn-¸n-¨mð c-£-s¸-«p F-óv hym-tam-ln-¡p-I-bm-Wv AhÀ.

am-[y-a-tem-I-¯n-sâ Un-Pn-äð ]-cn-hÀ-¯-\-¯nð B-Wv C-ós¯ am-[y-a-hn-Zym-`ym-kw Du-óp-óXv. tP-W-en-k-¯nð ssh-Z-Kv-²yw D-ïm-¡p-I, A-Xp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« Fñm ta-J-eI-sf Ip-dn-¨p-ap-Å A-dn-hv sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯p-I, H-cp Xn-I-ª s{]m-^-j-\ð B-Ip-ó-Xn-\p-Å A-¨S-¡w t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-I, A-\p-`-h-§Ä BÀ-Pn-¡p-I F-ón§-s\ t]m-Ip-óp tP-W-en-kw hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-sâ {][m-\ e-£y-§Ä. ]p-¯³ B-i-b-§Ä I-sï-¯m-\pw A-h D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n kz-bw h-f-cm-\p-ap-Å A-`n-cp-Nn P-ò-kn-²-am-sW-¦nepw A-Xn-\p-Å I-gn-hp-IÄ Ip-sd-sbñmw h-fÀ-¯n-sb-Sp-¡m-\m-hpw.

\-½p-sS am-[y-a-hn-Zym-`ym-k-w Un-Pn-äð ta-J-e-bv-¡v {]m-[m\yw \ð-Ip-ónñ. ]-e bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-I-fn-epw kn-e-_-Ênð C-¡m-cyw Cñ-Xsó. ]pXn-b Ime-s¯ G-ähpw hen-b hmÀ-¯m-t{kmX-kv CâÀ-s\-äv B-bn am-dn- bn-«pïv. ]-e hn-Ikn-X cm-Py-§-fnepw \yq-kv U-kv-Ip-IÄ hmÀ-¯m G-P³-kn-I-sf-bñ \yq-kv s{_-bv-¡p-IÄ-¡v B-{i-bn-¡p-ó-Xv, CâÀ-s\-äv ssk-äp-I-sf-bmWv. CâÀ-s\-än-s\ h-I-Xn-cn-hnñm-sX B-{i-bn-¡pó-Xv CâÀ-s\-än-s\ H«pw B-{i-bn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-ó-Xn-t\-¡mÄ A-]-I-S-I-c-am-Wv. am-[y-a C³-Ìn-äyq-«p-I-fn-emh-s« bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-I-fn-emh-s« CâÀ-s\-än-s\ hmÀ-¯bpw A-dnhpw -ti-J-cn-¡p-ó-Xn-\p-Å D-]-I-c-W-am-bn F§-s\ D-]-tbm-Kn¡mw F-óv

]Tn-¸n-¡p-ó-Xn-\p-Å A-[ym-]-I-tcm I-¼yq-«À ku-I-cy-tam C-t¸mgpw Cñ. ]-e bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än Un-¸mÀ-«v-saâp-I-fnepw Øn-Xn hy-Xy-kv-Xañ. tPm-en In-«n am-[y-a-Øm-]-\-§-fnð F-¯n-bmð t]mepw Bhiyam-b s{S-bv-\n-§v e-`n-¡p-ónñ. am-[y-a-Øm-]-\-§-fnð hmÀ-¯m-hn-`mK-s¯ C-¡m-cy-¯nð kpk-Ö-am-¡m³ an-¡ am-t\-Pv-sa-âp-I-fpw sa-\-s¡-Sp-ónñ. CâÀ-s\-äv t\m-¡p-ó-hÀ Ft´m tam-ãn-¡m³ {i-an-¡p-ó-h-cm-Wv F-ó [m-c-W t]mepw NneÀ ]p-eÀ-¯póp!

\yq-kv dqw Câ-t{K-j³ F-ó ]pXn-b Bi-bw C-t¸mÄ hn-Ikn-X cm-Py-§-fn-se \yq-kv dq-ap-I-fnð \-S-¸m-bn h-cpóp. hn-im-eam-b H-cp \yq-kv dq-anð ]-{X-¯n-sâbpw am-K-ko-\n-sâbpw Hm-¬sse-\n-sâbpw sS-en-hn-j-sâbpw U-kv-Ip-IÄ {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-Ibpw In-«p-ó F-ñm hn-h-c-§fpw hmÀ-¯-Ifpw t^m-t«m-Ifpw ho-Un-tbm-Ifpw bp-àam-b co-Xn-bnð Fñm {]-kn-²o-I-c-W-§Ä-¡p-an-S-bnð ho-Xn-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p-ó kw-hn-[m-\-am-Wn-Xv. e-`yam-b hn-`-h-§Ä G-ä-hpw Im-cy-£-a-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ C-Xp-aq-ew I-gn-bp-óp. ]-te-S¯pw Htc So-w B-Wv H-cp Øm-]-\-¯n-sâ Fñm am-[y-a-§Ä-¡p-wth-ïn dn-t¸mÀ-«n-Mv \nÀ-h-ln-¡p-óXv. sS-en-hn-j³ ho-Un-tbm-IÄ ]-{X-¯nsâ Hm-¬sse³ ssk-änepw C t]-¸-dnepw sF ]m-Unepw a-äv tS-»-äp-I-fnepw D-]-tbm-Kn¡p-I Fó-Xv C-t¸mÄ km-[m-c-W-am-bn-«p-ïv. Iym-a-d D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v ho-Un-tbm-Ifpw t^m-t«m-Ifpw Hm-Untbm dn-t¡m-Un§pw \nÀ-h-ln-¡p-ó dn-t¸mÀ-«dpw A-]qÀ-h Imgv-N Añm-Xm-bn-«pïv.

C-Xp-Imc-Ww tP-W-en-Ìv ]e ]pXn-b I-gn-hp-Ifpw t\-tS-ï-X-m-bn h-cp-óp. h-kv-Xp-X-Ifpw hn-h-c-§fpw J-\-\w- sN-bv-sX-Sp-¯v hym-Jym-\n-¡m-\p-Å I-gn-hv A-Xym-h-iy-am-Ip-óp. C-Xv [-\-Im-cy-¯nepw a-ä-t\-Iw ta-J-e-I-fnepw kv-s]-j-sse-kv sN-bv-tX Im-cy-£-a-ambn \nÀ-h-ln-¡m³ I-gn-bq. Um-ä tP-W-en-kw F-sóm-cp {]-tXy-I ta-J-e X-só h-fÀ-óp-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-óp. kÀ-¡m-dn-sâbpw Øm-]-\-§-fp-sSbpw ssI-h-i-ap-Å Um-äm ti-J-c-§Ä A-]-{K-Yn-¨v I-sï-¯-ep-Ifpw hym-Jym-\-§fpw \-S-¯p-ó ta-J-e-bm-Wv Um-ä tP-W-enkw. ]-e cm-Py-§-fnepw C-Xv h-fÀ-óp-I-gnªp. (Iq-Sp-Xð hn-h-c-§Ä¡v http://data-journalismhandbook.org). C-Xn-eq-sS e-`n-¡p-ó hn-h-c-§Ä am-[y-a-§-fn-eq-sS A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡m-\p-Å {Km-^n-¡p-Ifpw t]-Pp-Ifpw t{]m-{Km-ap-Ifpw D-ïm-t¡-ï-Xpïv F-ó-Xp-sIm-ïv ^v-fm-jv, F-¨v.Sn.Fw.Fð t]m-ep-Å I-¼yq-«ÀþCâÀ-s\-äv km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy-IÄ ]Tn-¡m³ tP-W-en-Ìp-IÄ ap-tóm-«p-h-cpóp. sh-_v t]-Pv \nÀ-amWw, ho-Un-tbm tP-W-en-kw F-ón-hbpw h-cpw-Ime-¯v tP-W-en-Ìn-sâ ssI-h-i-am-hp-I-bmbn.

\n-e-hn-ep-Å tP-W-en-kw tPm-enIÄ Ime-l-c-W-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ A-]-cn-Nn-Xam-b ]p-¯³ D-tZym-K-§Ä P-ò-sa-Sp-¡póp. ]-{X-¯nð A-¨-Sn-¨p-h-ó hmÀ-¯ X-só CâÀ-s\-änð tkm-jyð ao-Un-b-I-fn-eq-sS ]-c-amh-[n B-fp-I-fn-se-¯n-¡m\pw A-Xphgn h-cp-am-\-ap-ïm-¡m-\pw tP-W-en-Ìp-IÄ \n-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Spóp. "{Sm-^n-Iv I-ï-Iv-äÀ' F-ó t]-cnð H-cp ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯I-s\ \yq-kv dq-anð I-ïmð A-Ûp-X-s¸-tS-ï. thÄ-Uv A-tkm-kn-tbj³ Hm-^v \yq-kv t]-t¸-gv-kn-sâ I-gn-ª tem-I k-t½-f-\-¯nð kzo-U-\nð \n-óp-Å F-Un-äÀ A\-sä t\m-hm-Iv B cm-Py-s¯ C¯-cw Ip-sd ]pXn-b tPm-en-I-fp-sS t]-cp-IÄ ]-d-bp-I-bp-ïmbn. P-\-hn-`m-K§-sf am-[y-a-¯n-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\-]-¦m-fn-I-fm-¡p-ó ]-²-Xn-IÄ B-kq-{X-Ww sN-¿m-\pw sIm-ïp-\-S-¡m\pw Np-a-X-e-bp-Å "C-hâvkv U-b-d-IväÀ', \ñ F-gp-¯p-Im-scbpw te-J-I-scbpw D-ïm-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³

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\n-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Sp-ó "I-ayq-Wn-än tP-W-en-kw F-Uyq-t¡äÀ', am-[y-a-sh-_v-ssk-änð Iq-Sp-Xð ¢n-¡v \-S-¯m³ F§-s\ B-fpI-sf t{]-cn-¸n-¡m-sa-ó ]-cn-tim-[n-¡p-ó "F-Un-täm-dn-bð Izm-ïn-^-bÀ' Xp-S§n-b tPm-en-t¸-cp-Ifpw C-t¸mÄ tem-I am-[y-a-§-fnð tI-«p-Xp-S-§n-bn-«p-ïv.

a-ebm-f am-[y-a-cw-K-t¯-¡v I-S-óp-h-cp-ó ]pXn-b X-e-ap-d-¡m-cp-sS {][m\ ]-cn-an-Xn F-´m-Wv? Cu ta-J-e-bnð ZoÀ-L-Im-e-ambn {]-hÀ-¯n--¨p-h-cpó ]-e-tcmSpw A-t\z-jn-¨p-t\m-¡p-I-bp-ïmbn. ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡v H-gn-¨p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm-¯Xmb s]m-Xp hn-Úm-\-¯n-sâ Im-cy-¯nð A-h-cp-sS A-dn-hv ]-cn-an-X-am-Wv. kv-t]mÀ-Svkpw kn-\n-abpw Añm-¯ ta-J-eI-sf Ip-dn-¨v A-dn-bp-ó-hÀ h-f-sc Ip-d-hm-Wv. ¹-kv Sp-hn-epw _n-cp-Z-X-e-¯nepw _n-cp-Zm\-´-c X-e-¯nepw ]Tn-¨ hn-j-b-¯nð t]mepw A-dn-hnñm-sX kv-t]m À-Sv-kv A-dn-bm-sa-ó-Xn-sâ _-e-¯nð ]-{X-{]-h-À-¯-I-\m-Im³ I-gn-bptam? H-cp Øm-]-\-¯n-\v F-{X kv-t]mÀ-Sv-kv te-J-I-sc th-Ww? F-{X N-e-Nn-{X te-JI-sc th-Ww?

ssZ-\wZn-\ kw-`-h-§-fm-Wv hmÀ-¯-I-fm-bn h-cp-óXv. ]-t£, H-cp {Sm-^n-Iv A-]I-Sw dn-t¸mÀ-«v sN-¿p-ó-Xn\v I-ïXpw tI-«Xpw ]-IÀ-¯n-bmð a-Xn-bm-tb-¡pw. ]-t£,

B-`n-ap-Jy-anñm-¯ A-cm-jv-{So-b I-cn-b-dn-kw t]m-se A-\m-im-ky-am-Wv ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯I\v cm-jv-{So-b-I-£n-b-Sn-a-¯-hpw. am-[y-a-]T-\-¯n-sâ ap-Jy D-t±iyw hn-ZymÀ-°n-¡v H-cp s{]m-^-j-\ð ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-I-sâ ]Iz-X D-ïm-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-I-bm-sW-óXpw hn-kv-a-cn-¨p-Iq-Sm.

Cw-¥o-jnð ]n-Sn-]m-Snñm-¯-Xp-sImïv ]-e ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ¡pw sXm-gnð-\nÀ-h-l-W-w {]-bmkam-Ip-óp-ïv. \-½psS tIm-tf-Pp-I-fnð F-¯p-ó-XpX-só G-ähpw an-I-¨ hn-ZymÀ-°n-If-ñ. s{]m-^-j-\ð tIm-gvkv th-sï-óv Xo-cp-am-\n-¨v F-{X-t]À _n.F.¡pw _n.F-kv.kn.¡pw tN-cp-óp? hf-sc A-]qÀ-hw am-{Xw. A-h-cnðX-só tIm-tf-Pv A-[ym-]-It\m ssl-kv-IqÄ A-[ym-]-It\m kÀ-¡mÀ Hm-^o-knð Fð.Un.¢mÀt¡m B-Im³ I-gn-bm-¯-h-cm-Wv ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-I-cm-Ipó-Xv F-ó A-h-Ø t]mepw C-t¸m-gpïv. th-sd tPm-en-sbmópw th-ï, ]-{X-{]-hÀ¯-\w a-Xn F-óv \n-Ý-bn-¡p-ó B-ZÀ-i-hm-Zn-IÄ C-sñóñ. A-h-cp-sS F-®w h-f-sc-¡p-d-hmWv. am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\-t¯m-Sv I-¼w D-Åh-sc B-IÀ-jn-¡m³ ]-cym-]v-X-añ B ta-J-e-bn-se th-X-\ L-S-\ F-ó k-Xyhpw Im-Wm-Xn-cp-óp-IqSm. H-cp Im-e¯v tIm-tf-Pv A-[ym-]-I-\v Xp-eyam-b i¼-fw D-ïm-bn-cp-ó ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯I-\v C-óv ]-e Øm-]-\-§-fnepw F-ð.]n.kv-IqÄ A-[ym-]I-sâ \n-e-hm-c-¯nð t]mepw th-X-\-anñ. C-Xv am-[y-a-hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§Ä-¡v ]-cn-l-cn-¡m³ I-gn-bp-ó Im-cy-a-sñóXv i-cn Xsó.

tP-W-en-kw C³-Ìn-äyq-«p-I-fp-sS F-®w s]-cp-Ipó-Xv a-säm-cp {]-iv-\w kr-ãn-¡p-ópïv. ]-ïv ssS-]v ssd-än-§v C³-Ìn-äyq-«p-I-fnð tN-À-ón-cp-ó em-L-h-t¯m-sS C-óv tP-W-en-kw C³-Ìn-äyq-«p-I-fnð tN-cp-ó-h-cp-ïv. Sn.hn.¥m-a-dn-sâ A-an-Xm-IÀj-Ww thsd. {]-th-i-\ ]-co-£-I-fnð In-«p-ó hf-sc Ip-d-ª amÀ-¡v H-cp C³-kv-än-äyq-«n-epw {]-th-i-\-¯n-\v X-S-Ê-am-Ip-ónñ. Imc-Ww \m-ev-]Xpw A-¼Xpw ko-än-\v Nn-e-t¸mÄ \q-tdm \qtdm \q-än-cp-]tXm t]-tc A-t]-£n-¨p-Im-Wq. ]m-kv-amÀ-¡v In-«m-¯-h-scbpw {]-th-in-¸n-¨m-te F®w Xn-I-¡m-\mhq, D-t±-in¨ h-cp-am-\-ap-ïmIq. i-cm-i-cn-bnð Xm-sg amÀ-¡p-Å-h-scbpw {]-th-in-¸n-t¡-ïn-h-cpóp. Cãw t]m-se hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ ]Tn-¨n-d-§p-ó-Xp-sIm-ïv sXm-gnð-hn-]-Wn-bnð F-s´ñmw {]-iv-\-§-fm-Wp-ïm-hpó-Xv Fó-Xv a-säm-cp hn-j-b-amWv.

tI-c-f-¯n-se am-[y-a-hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-\v a-säm-cp Ku-c-h- I-cam-b ]-cn-an-Xn-bpapïv. H-cp hÀj-s¯ Un-t¹m-a tIm-gv-kpIfpw c-ïv hÀ-j-s¯ Fw.F. tIm-gv-kp-I-fp-am-Wv tI-c-f-¯nð {]-[m-\-am-bp-ÅXv. Un-t¹m-a tIm-gv-kp-I-fnð ]Tn-¸n-¡pó-Xv ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-\ cw-K-¯p-\n-óp-Å-h-cmWv. A-hÀ-¡v {]m-tbmKn-I ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-\-¯n-sâ A-\p-`-h-Úm-\w [m-cm-f-ap-ïm-hpw. ]-t£, hn-j-b-¯n-sâ A-¡m-Z-an-Iv h-iw ZpÀ-_-e-am-Wv. t\-sc a-dn-¨m-Wv bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-I-fn-se A-[ym-]-I-cp-sS ØnXn. A-h-cn-ð {]m-tbmKn-I A-\p-`-h-ap-Å-hÀ hn-c-f-am-Wv. \yq-kv dq-ap-I-fnepw am[y-a ta-J-e-bn-em-sIbpw D-ïm-bn-s¡m-ïn-cn-¡p-ó am-ä-§Ä A-dn-bm-sX tP-W-en-kw ]Tn-¸n-¡pó-Xv tZm-jw sN-¿pw. ]-e cm-Py¯pw bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-I-fnð tP-W-en-kw ]Tn-¸n-¡p-óhÀ ]-{X-Øm-]-\-§-fnepw ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än Un-¸mÀ-«v-saâp-I-fnepw \nÝn-X Im-e-b-f-hnð \n-Ýn-X ka-bw {]-hÀ-¯n-¡-W-sa-óv hy-h-Ø sN-¿m-dp-ïv. Cu ]-cn-an-Xn-bnð \n-óv F§-s\ tam-N-\-ap-ïm-¡m-sa-óv c-ïv ta-J-e-I-fn-ep-ap-Å-hÀ Nn-´n-t¡-ï-Xpï.v

teJIsâ Cþsabvð: nprindran@gmail.com

\-½Ä C-hn-sS F-s´-¦nepw hn-Úm-\w BÀ-Pn-¡p-ó-Xn-\v ap-¼v hn-ZymÀ-YnI-sf tP-W-en-Ìp-I-fm-¡m³ ]m-Sp-s]-Sp-I-bm-Wv. tP-W-en-kw H-cp hn-Úm-\ im-Jbñ, A-Xv hn-Úm\-s¯ D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-ó H-cp D-]-Ic-Ww am-{X-am-Wv F-ó A-Sn-Øm-\-X¯zw hn-kv-a-cn-¡p-óp. _n.F. X-e-¯n-se ap-Jy-hnj-bw tP-W-en-k-am¡mw F-óv sX-än-²-cn-¡póp. tP-W-en-kw ]Tn-¸n-¡m³ ¹-kv Sp X-ehpw sIm-Åp-ó-Xp-Xsó Fópw sX-än-²-cn-¡póp. H-cp hn-Úm-\-ta-J-e-bnepw A-dn-hnñm-¯ tP-W-en-kv-äv kz-bw A-]-I-S-¯n-emhpw F-ó-p-am-{X-añ k-aql-s¯ A-]-I-S-¯n-em-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw F-óv \-½p-sS hn-`ym-`ym-k B-kq-{X-IÀ a-d-óp-t]m-Ipóp. Fñm-h-scbpw F-s´-¦nepw sXm-gnð ]Tn-¸n-¨mð c-£-s¸-«p F-óv hym-tam-ln-¡p-I-bm-Wv AhÀ.

a-äp-Im-cy-§Ä-¡v AXp t]m-c. A-c-\q-äm-ïv Im-e-s¯-sb-¦nepw tI-c-f N-cn-{Xw A-dn-bm-sX tI-c-f-¯n-se H-cp cm-jv-{So-b kw-`-h-hn-Im-khpw dn-t¸mÀ-«v sN-¿m-\m-hnñ. F-{X \nÊm-c kw-`-h-¯n\pw ImWpw H-cp ]-Ým-¯-ew. Có-s¯ H-cp am-[y-a-hn-ZymÀ-°n 2000 ¯n\v ti-j-amhpw ]{Xw hm-bn-¨p-Xp-S-§n-b-Xp-X-só. ]-Xn-\-ômw -h-b-Ên-ð Ku-c-h-]qÀ-hw ]{Xw hm-bn-¨p-Xp-S-§n-bmð t]mepw F-{X Ip-d-¨p-Ime-s¯ cm-jv-{So-b N-cn-{X-am-Wv A-h-À-¡v a-\-Ên-em-¡m³ I-gn-ªn-cn¡p-I? tI-c-f cq-]-hð-¡-c-W-¯n-\v ti-j-ap-Å \m-ev ]-Xn-äm-ïp-Ime-s¯ cm-jv-{So-b N-cn{Xw F§-s\ A-dn-bm-\mWv? hm-bn-¨p-]Tn-¡m³ H-cp ]p-kvX-Iw t]mepw Cñ. K-th-j-W-a-\-tÊm-sS Xn-c-ªp-hm-bn-¨m-te F-s´-¦nepw ]Tn-¡m³ I-gn-bq. H-cp tP-W-en-kv-äv Fópw H-cp cm-jv-{So-b- hn-ZymÀ-°n-bmWv. tIm-tf-Pn-se kw-LS-\m cm-jv-{So-b-¯n-sâ lm-Mv-Hm-hÀ Xo-cm-sX, {]m-bw Ip-sd ]n-ón-«n«pw tIm-tf-Pv Im-e cm-jv-{So-b Nm-bvhp-I-fnð \n-óv tam-Nn-X-cm-Im-¯- ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯IÀ \n-c-h-[n-bm-Wv. cm-jv-{So-bm-Sn-a-¯-ap-Å a-\-Êp-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó H-cmÄ-¡v ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-\-t¯m-Sv \o-Xn ]p-eÀ-¯m-\m-hnñ. H-cp X-¯z-t¯mSpw H-cp B-ZÀ-i-t¯mSpw H-cp e-£y-t¯mSpw

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India needs a better com-munication education

than the one which is currently existing and this is obvious to a curious onlooker. Many leading colleges like the Asian College of Journalism in Chennai and the Xavier College in Bombay have launched communication and Journalism courses and these are meant for graduates and the like. The government run universities offer correspondence courses in various facets of media and these benefit lower economic class of students. The universities offer courses in Journalism and Mass Communication and these number more than 50 in India. The leading national institutes like IIMC offer various diplomas in Journalism and Mass Communication for students and these benefit liberal arts and science students. Now a days, the technical universities like Anna University in Chennai have started media sciences courses and these also help in Journalism education. However, a comprehensive Syllabus is needed to be evolved taking into consideration of the needs of the journalism and mass communication field in a changing digital environment and how these would the country which has 1 billion or more people.

Communication is considered a low key intelligent field unlike medicine, engineering sciences and management and it attracts only those who are left out of these streams during the early period of education. The reason being that the jobs are not that well paying in democracies like the

India and the US and the fields of medicine and engineering attract more well qualified candidates. This situation is however changing in the country with the emergence of the information society in the west during the last two decades of the 20th century. The new media have become big and caters to all digitally oriented people in

India, the US and Europe. The fall of communism in the Russian federation and the emergence of democracies have all given room for better equipping a journalist and communication person in a society such as India. At least, 5 kinds of societies exist in India like the agriculture, information and industries existing together at the same time and this calls for better trained and qualified communication persons in the country.

The journalism and communication education existing in the country dates back to 6-7 decades and do not fully meet the needs of the country. The needs for properly trained communication researcher have been met by the IITs and IIMs the elite institutions in the country. More departments offer vernacular journalism and barring a few many have not taught properly statistics which is needed in communication research. The few who get to go to the US and other western countries for higher education in Communication do not come back and add to the richness of the host nation than to the Development of India. As a result ommunication education is continued to suffer in the country

Towards a Better Communication Education for India

S. Ganesh

The journalism and communication education existing in the country dates back to 6-7 decades and do not fully meet the needs of the country. Thus, there is a need to revamp the communication curriculum in the universities and introduce better quality teachers.

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with hardly a few which could offer a wholistic education.

Thus, there is a need to revamp the communication curriculum in the universities and introduce better quality teachers. The UGCs move to insist PhD for teaching in the absence of NET should be welcomed by one and all and this will do much to benefit communication and journalism education particularly. With the government implementing 6th Pay Commission for university teachers, we can attract better qualified candidates for teaching in Journalism and Communication departments. The pay in the private sector aided and unaided colleges have gone up considerably and this will surely benefit those who are left out in the university selection panels.

What needs to be done? It is a good question to ask and the answer lies at looking into Inward and correcting a few things. With the advent of the information society and globalization, the need to keep up with the world standards at large have emerged and this goes for communication education also. The syllabus has to be broadbased meeting everyones needs at the national level and international level and importance has to be given to growing needs of the nation. The trained graduates would need to know how to write well, to produce and to research properly and this has to be emphasized at all levels and at all universities. The need to meet the industry demands have to be augmented and more importantly to meet the needs of social sector and the government at large. One should have theory plus practical experience to do proper justice to ones job. This has to be emphasized at all level and more training and workshops to be organized for journalists and communication educators at national level and international level. The existing government schemes to send teachers and scholars abroad for Commonwealth fellowships,

the Fullbright and the Chevening Schemes need to be fully utilized by the scholars and teachers themselves and the authorities need to earmark a percentages of positions in these schemes for the field of mass communication at large. Moreover, we need to bring in all kind of scholars from the west and the US and from the emerging democracies like the Russia and the east to these schools so that the students and lecturers get the maximum benefit. Thus, a need to give full importance to communication education at the national level and the present, past and current students to be involved in the debate.

The library facilities need to be strengthened in the existing institutions and more scholars from all hues and cries need to be encouraged to write books and article in English and vernacular languages in the field of communication and mass communication. More grants are needed to be provided to write books and more organizations are to be involved in the entire process in keeping view of the needs of the country at large and the profession at stake. The government needs to constitute a committee to study the learning needs of the profession and provide web print and electronic solution to the profession and the educational scenario at large.

A concerted effort is needed to be made by one and all to empower tomorrow’s communicators to serve the society profession and the country as well as the world at large. This will help in solving the communication teaching problems, students problems and the professions problems in becoming a better and ideal communication scholars and professionals of tomorrow.

Ganesh is a Lecturer - Media in ChennaiGanesh’ E-Mail: ganeshmedia@hotmail.com

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]n. kpPm-X³

k¼qÀ®Xm t_m[-¯nsâ {SmPUn

ap³t] ]dóhÀ

]{X{]hÀ¯Isâ XqenIbv¡v, Iymad¡®n\v temIs¯ amän

adn¡m\pÅ Ignhpïv. hmÀ¯bpsS temI¯v AÛpX§Ä

krãn¨ temIam[yacwKs¯ A¯cw AXpeycmb {]Xn`Isf

]cnNbs¸Sp¯pó ]wàn.

AÛpXw, Ipä-t_m[w! tIcfw C{X-thKw ad-óp-t]mbn

Hcm-sf. Hcn-¡epw hnkva-cn-¨p-Iq-Sm¯ HcmÄ þ sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³. ae-bm-f-]-{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nð ¢mkn¡v `mh-Ku-c-h-t¯msS \ne-\nðt¡ï IuapZn _me-Ir-jvW³.

¢mkn-¡p-IÄ \nc-´cw a\p-jy-tcmSv Fñm-Im-e¯pw kwh-Zn-¨p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-óp. aªnð ambm-sX, ag-bnð Hgp-In-t¸m-Im-sX, Ime-¯nsâ Aán-]-Y-§-fnð hmSn-¡-cn-ªp-t]m-ImsX \nXy-\q-X-\-`m-h-§-fp-ambn ¢mÊn¡v krjvSn-IÄ \ne-\nð¡p-óp. kmln-Xy-¯nepw kn\n-a-bnepw Nn{X-I-e-bnepw kwKo-X-¯nepw A§s\ F{Xtbm DZm-l-c-W-§Ä. ae-bmf ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nse ¢mkn-¡ð {]Xn-`m-k-amb sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ ad-hn-bn-te¡v amªp-t]m-Im³ ]mSn-ñm-¯-Xm-Wv. aqóv Xe-ap-d-Isf A£-c-§ÄsImïv hio-I-cn¨ am{´n-I-i-àn. Pohn-¨n-cpó Ime¯v cmjv{So-b-¯nepw kmln-Xy-¯nepw ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nepw C{X-tbsd Bcm-[-Isc krjvSn¨ asämcp ae-bm-fnsb Isï-¯m³ hnj-aw. Fón«pw sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ Fóv tI«mð Cós¯ bphm-¡Ä Xncn-¨-dn-bm-\n-S-bn-ñ. ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\w ]Tn-¡m³ F¯pó sNdp-¸-¡mÀ t]mepw tNmZn-¡póp; ""Bcm-W-bmÄ?''

bYmÀ°-¯nð Bcm-bn-cpóp IuapZn _me-Ir-jvW³? \oïp-sa-enª tImgn-¡m-ep-I-fnð \nhÀóp-\nó ipjv¡n¨ DSð. AXn-\p-tað henb Hcp Xe. NXp-c-ap-Jw. cïv Dï-¡-®p-IÄ. {]nbm-{]n-b-§Ä t\m¡msX kXy-§Ä hnfn-¨p-]-d-ªp-sIm-ïn-cpó Hcp \oï-\m-hv.

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CSn-ap-g¡w t]mepÅ i_vZw. {]kw-K-th-Zn-bnð t]am-cn-t]mse hm¡p-IÄ s]bvXv hnIm-c-{]-fbw krjvSn-¨-bmÄ. kq£va \nco-£-W-§-fpsS h{P-kq-Nn-sImïv Ccp-«ns\ Iodn-ap-dn¨ Fgp-¯p-Im-c³. hm¡p-I-fpsS Iqk-en-ñm-bva-bmð Øm]nX Xmð¸-cy-§sf hnd-¸n¨ _me-Ir-jvW³. ae-bmf ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nð sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ hnSÀ¯nb tdmkm-Z-e-§Ä Nne tImWp-I-fnð \nóv Cópw kuc`yw s]mgn-¡p-óp. F¦nepw IuapZn _me-Ir-jvW³ Fó a\p-jy³ ]mªp-I-¯n, s]s«óv AW-ªp-t]mb tXmó-ep-f-hm-¡p-ó-sX´v? Bi-b-§-fpsS hn\ym-khpw Huó-Xyhpw sImïv ]Àh-X-in-c-Ên\v kam-\-ambn \nón«pw Imew _me-Ir-jvWsâ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-am-Xr-I-Isf At±lw Pohn-¨n-cpó Ime-¯p-Xsó Ipgn-¨p-aq-Sn-¡-f-ªp. A{X-tbsd hyàn-\n-jvShpw A\p-I-cn-¡m³ {]bm-k-hp-am-bn-cpóp Ah Fó-XmWv kXyw.

ae-bmf kn\n-abv¡v BZy-ambn kzÀ®-sa-Uð t\Sn-s¡m-ïp-hó cmap-Im-cym«v Hcn-¡ð _me-Ir-jvW-s\-¡p-dn¨v C§s\ ]dªp: ""Rm³ Iïn-«pÅ Gähpw t{ijvT-\mb hyàn. F sP\p-hn³ t]gvk-Wm-en-än.'' ]c-kv]cw CjvS-s¸-«n-cpó ChÀ¡p cïn\pw hen-sbmcp kam-\X Dïm-bn-cp-óp. kuµ-cy-apÅ Alw-`mhw. tjmam-\n-kw. Pohn-X-¯nð ImWn-¡m¯ A¨-S¡w Imcym«v Xsâ Ie-bnð {]I-Sn-¸n-¨p. _me-Ir-jvW\pw A§s\ Xsó. kzIm-cy-Po-hn-Xs¯ Hcp ]´w t]mse I¯n¨p ]nSn-¨p-sImïv Xsâ hm¡p-I-fnð kq£va-amb ebhpw kwKo-Xhpw Xmfhpw krjvSn¨p _me-Ir-jvW³. ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I-sc-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Hcp ]d-¨nð, They know the A.B.C of every thing, but the X, Y, Z of nothing Fó-Xm-Wv. sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW\v kÀh-kv]Àin-bmb Adn-hp-ïm-bn-cp-óp. temI-cm-jv{Sobw At±-l-¯nsâ kq£va \nco-£W hnj-b-am-bn-cp-óp. kmlnXyw Bg-¯nð ]Tn-¨n-cp-óp. kwKo-Xhpw kn\n-abpw At±-l-¯n\v CjvS-am-bn-cp-óp. tIc-f-¯nsâ cmjv{So-b, kmwkv¡m-cnI A`n-cp-Nn-IÄ \ho-I-cn¨v XnI¨pw kzX-{´-amb ss[j-WnI aWvUew sI«n-¸-Sp-¡m³ IuapZn hmcn-Isb _me-Ir-jvW³ Bbp-[-am-¡n. Fñm hnj-b-§-fp-sSbpw X, Y, Z X\n-¡-dn-bm-saóv At±lw `mhn-¨p. _me-Ir-jvWsâ apJ-{]-kw-K-§Ä {]]-ô-¯nse Fñm hnj-b-§-sf-¡p-

dn¨pw "B[n-Im-cnI'ambn NÀ¨ sNb-vXp. AXnse Hmtcm hm¡pw hcnbpw Iuap-Zn-bpsS hmb-\-¡mÀ Im¯n-cpóp hmbn-¨p. F{X-am{Xw \mS-Io-b-am-bn-cpóp B apJ-{]-kw-K-§Ä!

tbip-Zmkv ]nóWn ]mSn-¯p-S-§nb Ime¯v sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ {]h-N-\m-ß-I-amb Hcp apJ-{]-kw-K-¯nð C§s\ FgpXn: ""kwKo-X-¯nð henb BNm-cy-òmÀ \nc-h[n Dïv. ap¯p-kzman Zo£n-XÀ, iymam-im-kv{Xo-IÄ, sNss¼... A§s\ t]mIpóp AhÀ. A¡q-«-¯nð sIm¨n-bnse tbip-Zmkv ]n¨-h¨p XpS-§pó Hcp inip-hm-Wv. Ign-ª-Zn-hkw sk\-äp-lm-fnð Ahsâ ]m«p-tI-«p. Rms\móp tNmZn-¡-s«, tamt\ \n\¡o \mZw Bcp-Xóp?''

kXy-PnXv tdbpsS "]tYÀ ]mô-men' Cd-§n-b-t¸mÄ ae-bm-f-¯nse BZys¯ Bkzm-Z-\-sa-gp-Xn-bXv _me-Ir-jvW³ Bbn-cp-óp. Iq«-¯nð ae-bmf kn\nam {]hÀ¯-IÀ BWp-§sf Iïp-]-Tn¡v Fsómcp D]-

tZ-ihpw sImSp-¯p. \S³ kXys\ _me-Ir-jvWsâ hm¡p-IÄ sNmSn-¸n-¨p. ""]W-ap-sï-¦nð kXy-PnXv tdbpsS X´-¸Sw Rm³ ]nSn¡mw'' Fóv kXy³ {]kw-Kn-¨p. ]ntä e¡w _me-Ir-jvW³ apJ-{]-kw-K-¯nð kXy\v adp-]Snsbgp-Xn. ""kXy³ kXy-¯nð kXy-Pn¯v tdbpsS ]qS ]dn-¡pw.''

Xncp-s¡m¨n apJy-a-{´n-bm-bn-cpó kn.-tI-i-h\v Aôv a¡-fm-bn-cp-óp. sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³, tIWð sI.-c-ho-{µ-\m-Yv, `{Z³, Cµn-c, sFj Fón-hÀ. B[p-\nI ae-bmf KZy-¯nsâ ]nXmhv Fóv hnti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-«pÅ kn.-hn.-Ip-ªn-cm-asâ aIÄ hmk-´n-bm-bn-cpóp Ch-cpsS A½. `{Z³ hnam-\m-]-I-S-¯nð AIm-e-¯nð acn-¨p. _me-Ir-jvW³ A\p-Psâ HmÀ½-IÄ sXm«p-WÀ¯n-s¡mïv A¡m-e¯v Fgp-Xnb Ipdn-¸nse ""`{Zm, kzÀ¤¯v \n\¡v kpJw Xsó-btñ?'' Fó tNmZyw _mesâ Bcm-[-I-scbpw kplr-¯p-¡-sfbpw

`mcy N{µnItbmsSm¯v

sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvWsâ Aѳ kn.-tI-i-h³ "Pohn-X-k-acw' Fó Bß-IY Fgp-Xn-b-t¸mÄ AXn\v Ah-Xm-cnI Na-bv¡m³ aI³ _me-Ir-jvWs\ Gð¸n-¨p. AÑsâ Bß-I-Ybv¡v aI³ Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-Xnb BZys¯ kw`-h-am-W-Xv. _me-Ir-jvWsâ cmjv{So-b-s¯bpw Pohn-X-ho-£-W-§-sfbpw Hcn-¡epw kn.-tI-i-h³ AwKo-I-cn-¨n-cp-ón-ñ. Fómð Xsâ Bß-I-Ybv¡v Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-Xm³ F´p-sImïpw tbmKy³ \ntj-[n-bmb Cu aI³ am{X-am-sWóv B Aѳ hniz-kn-¨p. A£-c-Úm-\-¯nð _me-Ir-jvW³ BÀÖn¨ anI-hn\v e`n¨ Gähpw henb AwKo-Imcw AXm-bn-cn-¡mw.

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AhnsS Im¯n-cn-¡p-óp. A{]-Xo-£n-X-ambn i¦sd Iïv _me-Ir-jvW³ sR«n. ""_me³, F´p-]-d-bpóp?'' þ i¦À tNmZn-¨p. ""Ft´ hóXv?''þ _me-Ir-jvW³. ""Fsó-¡p-dn¨v \nc-´cw Fgp-Xp-óp. thsd hnj-b-sam-óp-ansñ _mem?''- i¦-dnsâ ^en-X-¯nð apÅp-IÄ. ]ntä e¡-¯nð _me-Ir-jvWsâ apJ-{]-kwKw iwJp-apJw ISð¸p-d-s¯-¡p-dn-¨m-bn-cp-óp. \nXy-`m-kp-c-\-`-kn-s\bpw \nXm-´-amb a\p-jy-kvt\-l-s¯bpw aWð¯-cn-I-sfbpw ISð¯n-c-I-sfbpw hnh-cn-¨-tijw Gähpw HSp-hnð _me-Ir-jvW³ Ipdn-¨p. ""{]nb-s¸« hmb-\-¡mÀ tNmZn-t¨-¡mw, Rms\-´n-\n-sXms¡ Ct¸mÄ ChnsS Fgp-Xpóp Fóv. BÀ.-i-¦À Fsó Ign-ª-Zn-hkw D]-tZ-in-¨p, At±-l-s¯-¡p-dn-¨-ñmsX asä-´n-s\-sb-

sI. _meIrjvW³: cïp `mh§Ä

Ic-bn-¸n-¨p. dh-eyq-j-Wdn tkmjy-enÌv Bb _me-Ir-jvW³ kzÀ¤-\-c-I-§-fnð hniz-kn-¡p-óptïm Fó hnaÀi\w DbÀóp. Fómð ktlm-Z-csâ Zpc-´-a-c-W-s¯-t¸mepw Hcp B\p-Im-enI cN\m hnj-b-ambn Gsä-Sp¯ _me-Ir-jvWsâ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ Akm-[m-cW sshIm-cnI Xew Bcpw thï-hn[w {i²n-¨n-ñ. A\p-Psâ thÀ]m-Sn-s\-¸-än-t¸mepw F§s\ HcmÄ¡ohn[w Fgp-Xm³ ]äpw?

sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvWsâ Aѳ kn.-tI-i-h³ "Pohn-X-k-acw' Fó Bß-IY Fgp-Xn-b-t¸mÄ AXn\v Ah-Xm-cnI Na-bv¡m³ aI³ _me-Ir-jvWs\ Gð¸n-¨p. AÑsâ Bß-I-Ybv¡v aI³ Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-Xnb BZys¯ kw`-h-am-W-Xv. _me-Ir-jvWsâ cmjv{So-b-s¯bpw Pohn-X-

ho-£-W-§-sfbpw Hcn-¡epw kn.-tI-i-h³ AwKo-I-cn-¨n-cp-ón-ñ. Fómð Xsâ Bß-I-Ybv¡v Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-Xm³ F´p-sImïpw tbmKy³ \ntj-[n-bmb Cu aI³ am{X-am-sWóv B Aѳ hniz-kn-¨p. A£-c-Úm-\-¯nð _me-Ir-jvW³ BÀÖn¨ anI-hn\v e`n¨ Gähpw henb AwKo-Imcw AXm-bn-cn-¡mw. kn.-tI-i-h\v ka-ioÀj\pw tIm¬{K-Ênsâ {]ap-J-t\-Xmhpw ap³ apJy-a-{´nbpw Bbn-cpóp BÀ.-i-¦À. IuapZn hmcnI Xcw-In-«p-t¼m-sgñmw i¦-dns\ hnaÀin¨p t]móp. _me-Ir-jvWsâ apJ-{]-kw-K-¯nse Hmtcm hm¡pw kaqlw kzoI-cn-¡p-óXv F§-\m-sWóv _p²n-am-\mb i¦À a\-Ên-em-¡n-bn-cp-óp. Hcp Znhkw t]«-bnse IuapZn Hm^o-kn-te¡v _me-Ir-jvW³ F¯p-t¼mÄ BÀ.-i-¦À

cmjv{Sob kw`-h-§sf D]-tbm-Kn¨v kaq-l-¯nð tImfn-f¡w krjvSn-¡m\pw _me-Ir-jvW³ anSp-¡p-Im-«n. Xncp-s¡m¨n apJy-a-{´n-Øm\w kn.-tI-i-h³ cmPn-h-bv¡pó hmÀ¯ ho«nse a¨nð Ibdn Hfn-¨n-cpóv tNmÀ¯n kvIq¸v B¡nb cmjv{Sob teJ-I-\mWv _me-Ir-jvW³. tIcf _Päv \nb-a-k-`-bnð Ah-X-cn-¸n ¡pw ap¼v tIcfIuap-Zn-¡p-thïn tNmÀ¯n dnt¸mÀ«v sNbvXv H¨-¸m-Sp-ïm-¡n. i¦À a{´n-k-`-bnð B`y-´c a{´n-bm-bn-cpó ]n.-Sn.-Nmt¡m Hcp hnhm-Z-¯nð s]«-t¸mÄ ka-b-¡p-d-hp-aqew tNmZyhpw D¯-chpw _me-Ir-jvW³ Xsó FgpXn Dïm-¡n. ""Nmt¡m¨m Rm³ CâÀhyq {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW,'' Fóv A\p-aXn hm§n hnizm-ky-X-bpsS _ew {]ISn-¸n¨ _me-Ir-jvWsâ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\ amXrI A\-\yhpw A\-\p-I-c-Wo-b-hp-am-Wv.

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¦nepw ]än Fgp-Xm³. tIc-f-¯nð Ct¸mÄ i¦À Asñ-¦nð ]nsó iwJpw-ap-J-atñ DÅq.''

Fgp-¯p-Imsc Isï-¯p-ó-Xnepw Ah-cpsS BZyc-N\ hne-bn-cp¯n Hópw cïpw hmN-I-§-fnð hmb-\-¡mcpsS apónð Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡póXnepw _me-Ir-jvW³ ]peÀ¯nb {i² hep-Xm-bn-cp-óp. Iuap-Zn-bnse _me-]w-àn-bnð Fgp-Xnb sI.-k-¨n-Zm-\-µsâ sNdp-I-hn-Xsb ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡mïv ""CsX-gp-Xnb Ipªp-Ihn ae-bm-f-¯nð Gsd kô-cn-¡pw.'' Fóv ]{Xm-[n-]À {]h-Nn-¡p-óp. Fw.IrjvW³ \mb-cpsS kmln-Xym-kzm-Z-\-¡p-dn-¸n\v ""kmln-Xy-hm-c-^ew'' Fóv t]cn« _me-Ir-jvW³ ae-bm-f-¯nse F{X Fgp-¯p-Im-cpsS PmX-I-¡p-dn-¸mWv Xncp¯n Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. Sn.-]-ß-\m-`³ {]Xn-^-e-¯n\p hne-t]-in-b-t¸mÄ tNmZn-¨-Xnsâ Cc-«n-¯pI Ab¨v hnkva-bn-¸n-¨p. ssh¡w apl-½Zv _joÀ IuapZn hmcn-Ibv¡v IY Ab-¨n-sñ-¦nð ""Xsâ IY Rm³ FgpXpw'' Fóv I¯-b¨p hnc-«nb ]{Xm-[n-]À. XIgnsb t^mWnð hnfn¨v Xm¦-fpsS IY-bn-ñmsX Cs¡mñs¯ hnti-jmð{]Xn Cd-§m³ t]mIpóp Fóv ]dªv thKw ""shÅ-s¸m-¡-¯nð' Fó anI¨ IY Fgp-Xn¨ anSp-¡v. ]n.-sI.- hn-{I-a³ \mbÀ A´-cn-¨-t¸mÄ hb-emÀ cma-hÀ½sb hnfn-¨p-h-cp¯n \nÀ_Ô]qÀÆw IhnX Fgp-Xn¨v FUn-täm-dn-b-em-¡nb Iui-e-¡m-c-\mb FUn-äÀ. ""I¿n-sem-cn-{µ-[-\p-kp-ambv Imä¯p s]¿p-hm³ hó Xpem-hÀj taL-ta, \{a-in-ckv¡cP-\n-bn-en-óse Iïpthm \o Fsâ hn{I-a³ tN«s\? Fó B hcn-IÄ Cf-¡nb hnImc XcwKw Adp-]-Xp-I-fnð kmwkv¡m-cnI tIc-f-¯nse henb kw`-h-§-fnð Hóm-Wv. lrZ-b-càw sImïmWv \ñ cN-\-IÄ \nÀh-ln-¡p-ó-sXóv Fw.-Ir-jvW³ \mbÀ ]dªp. sImñs¯ Imªm-shfn Fó Øe¯p \nóv Hcp Ihn Xsâ hncð apdn-s¨m-gp-¡nb càw-sImïv GXm\pw hcn-IÄ FgpXn IuapZn hmcn-Ibv¡v Ab-¨p. Ihn-bpsS DòmZw a\-Ên-em-¡msX ]{Xm-[n-]-k-an-Xn-bn-epÅ Btcm AsX-Sp¯p amän. _me-Ir-jvW³ AX-dnªv tZjyw ]qïp. cà IhnX ]ntä e¡w shfn¨w Iïp; ]{Xm-[n-]-cpsS ASn-¡p-dn-t¸m-sS. {]ikvX

v IuapZn: BZy e¡hpw Ahkm\ e¡hpw

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Ihn Xncp-\-ñqÀ Icp-Wm-I-csâ ktlm-Z-c³ Xnc-\-ñqÀ hmkp-tZ-h³ Bbn-cpóp B Ihn. Fw.-Ir-jvW³ \mbÀ, Pn.-hn-th-Im-\-µ³, Infn-am-\qÀ cam-Im-´³, sI.-]n.-A-¸³, Un.-hn-\-b-N-{µ³, ]g-hnf cta-i³, Xcy³ ]mWm-hÅn XpS-§n-b-h-cp-sS-sbñmw BZy-Ime kmlnXy cN-\-IÄ Iuap-Zn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv shfn-¨¯p hó-Xv. Iuap-Zn-bnð Fgp-XpI FóXv ]n.-tI-i-h-tZhv apXð Fkv.-sI.-s]m-ä-¡m«v hsc-bp-Å-hÀ A´Êpw taò-bp-ambn Icp-Xn. ]{Xm-[n-]À _me-Ir-jvWsâ ssh`hw Hóp-am-{X-am-bn-cpóp AXn-sâ ASn-Øm-\w. Hcp \ñ kmln-Xy-c-N\ ssIbnð In«n-bmð, AXp-sIm-sïmcp kmwkv¡m-cnI DÕhw BtLm-jn-¡m³ IuapZn _me-Ir-jvW\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-óp. cmjv{Sob kw`-h-§sf D]-tbm-Kn¨v kaq-l-¯nð tImfn-f¡w krjvSn-¡m\pw _me-Ir-jvW³ anSp-¡p-Im-«n. Xncp-s¡m¨n apJy-a-{´n-Øm\w kn.-tI-i-h³ cmPn-h-bv¡pó hmÀ¯ ho«nse a¨nð Ibdn Hfn-¨n-cpóv tNmÀ¯n kvIq¸v B¡nb cmjv{Sob teJ-I-\mWv _me-Ir-jvW³. tIcf _Päv \nb-a-k-`-bnð Ah-X-cn-¸n¡pw ap¼v tIcfIuap-Zn-¡p-thïn tNmÀ¯n dnt¸mÀ«v sNbvXv H¨-¸m-Sp-ïm-¡n. i¦À a{´n-k-`-bnð B`y-´c a{´n-bm-bn-cpó ]n.-Sn.-Nmt¡m Hcp hnhm-Z-¯nð s]«-t¸mÄ ka-b-¡p-d-hp-aqew tNmZyhpw D¯-chpw _me-Ir-jvW³ Xsó FgpXn Dïm-¡n. ""Nmt¡m¨m Rm³ CâÀhyq {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW,'' Fóv A\p-aXn hm§n hnizm-ky-X-bpsS _ew {]ISn-¸n¨ _me-Ir-jvWsâ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\ amXrI A\-\yhpw A\-\p-I-c-Wo-b-hp-am-Wv.

t{SmSvkv¡n-bpsS sIme-]m-XIw _u²nI temI-¯p-ïm-¡nb A¼-c¸v sNdp-X-ñ. Ìmensâ In¦-c-òmÀ At±-ls¯ saIvkn-t¡m-bnð h¨v Xe-bv¡-Sn¨p sImó kw`hw C´y³ Iayq-Wn-Ìp-I-sfbpw De-¨p. tIm¬{K-Ênð \nóv tkmjy-enÌv ]£w DS-se-Sp¯v Iayq-WnÌv ]mÀ«n Dïm-b-Xp-t]mse, C´y-bnse Iayq-WnÌv ]mÀ«n-bnð \nóv `nón¨v \nc-h[n CS-Xp-]mÀ«n-IÄ cq]w-sIm-ïp. AXn-sem-óm-bn-cpóp XrZo-]vNu-[-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯nð Ið¡-¯-bnð DS-se-Sp¯ dh-eyq-j-\dn tkmjy-enÌv ]mÀ«n. tIc-f-¯nð \nóv N§m-c-¸Ån \mcm-b-W³ t]mänbpw sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW\pw Ið¡-¯-bnð t]mbn BÀ.-F-kv.-]n-bpsS cq]o-I-cW tbmK-¯nð ]s¦-Sp-¯p. Ccp-hcpw tNÀóv BÀ.-F-kv.-]nsb

tIc-f-¯nð Øm]n-¨p. F³.-{io-I-WvT³ \mbÀ, Sn.-sI.-Zn-hm-I-c³, t__n tPm¬ Fón-hsc tNÀóv sImñ¯v Hcp cmjv{Sob iàn-bmbn hfÀóp. _me-Ir-jvWsâ DÖze {]`m-j-W-§Ä At\Iw injy-K-W-§sf Npäpw krjvSn-¨p. h¡w-]p-cp-tjm-¯-a³, sI.-]-¦-Pm-£³, N{µ-Nq-V³ Fón-hÀ Ah-cnð Nne-cm-Wv. sI.-hn-P-b-cm-L-h³, Fkv.-P-b-N-{µ³ \mbÀ, sI.-Pn.-]-c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ Fón-hÀ _me-Ir-jvWsâ If-cn-bnð \nóv ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ {]mtbm-KnI amXr-I-IÄ DÄs¡m-ï-t¸mÄ At±-l-¯nsâ cmjv{Sob amXrI ]n³]-äm³ bphm-¡Ä Dïm-bn-ñ. At¸m-tg¡pw cmjv{So-bm-`n-cp-Nn-IÄ amdn-bn-cp-óp. Nn´m-co-Xn-IÄ XInSw adn-ªn-cp-óp. ]mco-knð \nóv \h-kzm-X{´y k¦ð¸-§-fpsS Imäv tIc-f-¯nse cmjv{Sob kmwkv¡m-cnI aWvU-e-¯nð hoim³ XpS-§n-bn-cp-óp.

1954 ð Xncp-s¡m¨n \nb-a-k-`-bnð AwK-am-bn-cpó sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ cmjv{Sob¯nð Iui-e-]qÀÆw Dd-¨p-\n-ón-cp-só-¦nð A[n-Im-c-¸-S-hnð GXv Db-c-¯nepw F¯m-am-bn-cp-óp. Fgp-¯n-sâbpw cmjv{So-b-¯n-sâbpw hen-sbmcp ]mc-¼-cy-¯nð \nóv sImfp-¯nb ]´-ambn kzbw Pzen¨v AkvX-an-¡m-\m-bn-cpóp At±-l-¯n\v CjvSw. hyh-Øm-]nX aqey-§-tfmSv hn«p-ho-gvN-bn-ñmsX Ie-ln¨ _me-Ir-jvWsâ NqSpw shfn-¨hpw IuapZn hmcn-I-tbmSp IqSn-¯só sI«-S§n. ImIm-I-te-¡À, IzmPm Al-½Zv Aºm-kv, _m_p dmhp ]t«ð, BÀ.-sI.-I-c-ôn-b, Inj³Nµv Fón-hÀ

tIc-f-¯nð kp]-cn-Nn-X-cm-bXv _me-Ir-jvWsâ Iuap-Zn-bn-eqsS Bbn-cp-óp. Hcp KX-Ime kvac-W-bmbn Ch-scñmw amª-Xp-t]mse _me-Ir-jvW³ Fó I\epw AW-ªp. ""\\-ªp-t]mbn F¦nepw Pzme'' Fóv Xsâ HmÀ½-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ¡v Xe-s¡-«n« _me-Ir-jvW³ Cós¯ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-IÀ¡v Hcp amXr-I-bm-Im³ CS-bn-ñ. Fómð Iuap-Znbpw _me-Ir-jvW\pw Hcp "t\mÌmÄPnb' BsWóv hniz-kn-¡p-ó-hÀ kmwkv¡m-cnI tIc-f-¯n-ep-ïv. 1971 ð A¼-e-¸pg temIvk`m aWvU-e-¯nð \nóv (C-ós¯ Be-¸p-g) Xnc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸« sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvWsâ cmjv{Sob AkvX-a-bhpw AtXmsS ]qÀ¯n-bm-bn. alm-ß-Pn¡p tijw hmb-\-¡m-tcmSv Gähpw at\m-l-c-ambn kwkm-cn¨ ]{Xm-[n-]À Bbn-cpóp _me-Ir-jvW³. At±-l-¯nsâ tNmtZym-¯c ]wàn hywKmÀ°-§fpw \m\mÀ°-§fpw \nd-ª-Xm-bn-cp-óp. Cw¥ojpw a-e-bm-fhpw kaÀ°-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cpó _me-Ir-jvW³ ]mÀe-saânð \nÈ-_vZ-\mbnt¸mb-Xnsâ ImcWw BÀ¡p-a-dn-bn-ñ. 1984 Pqembv 16-þmw Xob-Xn-bm-Wv 59-þmw hb-Ênð _me-Ir-jvW³ Cl-tem-I-hmkw shSn-ª-Xv. AXn\v F{Xtbm hÀjw ap¼v bYmÀ° _me-Ir-jvW³ Cñm-Xm-bn-¡-gn-ªn-cp-óp.

teJI³ ho£Ww ]{X¯nse

s]mfnän¡ð FUnädmWv. teJIsâ

Cþsabvð: sujaathan@gmail.com

Fgp-¯n-sâbpw cmjv{So-b-¯n- sâbpw hen-sbmcp ]mc-¼-cy-¯nð \nóv sImfp-¯nb ]´-ambn kzbw Pzen¨v AkvX-an-¡m-\m-bn-cpóp At±-l-¯n\v CjvSw. ""\\-ªp-t]mbn F¦nepw Pzme'' Fóv Xsâ HmÀ½-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ¡v Xe-s¡-«n« _me-Ir-jvW³ Cós¯ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-IÀ¡v Hcp amXr-I-bm-Im³ CS-bn-ñ. Fómð Iuap-Znbpw _me-Ir-jvW\pw Hcp "t\mÌmÄPnb' BsWóv hniz-kn-¡p-ó-hÀ kmwkv¡m-cnI tIc-f-¯n-ep-ïv.

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nostalgia for a more ‘democratic’ tomorrow. Others who demonstrated similar fluency with the language and courage of their convictions were – Sarala Debi, Hironmoyee Debi, Rasa Sundari Debi and so on.

Aunt Kolli from Navsari in Gujarat wrote in StreeBodh – a Gujarati journal known for its focus on social reforms – that it was wrong to blame women for marital strife and for the unhappiness of men. She pointed out that men visit nautch girls and spend entire nights drinking and being entertained by these women not in response to their wives’ behaviour but due to their own inclinations for such enjoyment. The article was written in 1866. Streebodh (spelt Streebodhe in English) was the first journal for women in India published in Gujarati from January 1857 until the late 1950s. It was formed to offer suitable reading matter for Parsee and Hindu women, indirectly making it clear that families going through modernization defined its target audience. Sonal Shukla in her paper Cultivating Minds - 19th Century Gujarati Women’s Journals, (Economic and Political Weekly, October 26, 1991) states that with time, as its founder-editor Kabraji died and his daughter Shirin, followed by his daughter-in-law Putlibai, took up the editorship, StreeBodh changed its profile in terms of (a) appearance, (b) language and (c) content. “It reflected changes that were taking place during the nationalist struggle and the new role assigned to middle-class women within it,” writes Shukla.

Flash forward to the present time. On April 3, 2002, Sonal Kellog, a woman reporter and her male colleague from a Surat-based newspaper were pounced upon by the police when they went into Gomtipur to interview women who had been attacked by the police themselves. Before she could take down their testimonies, policemen surrounded them both. When they went to the Police Commissioner to complain, they were told he had no time for them. Barkha Dutt of Star News covered the Kargil war, reporting directly from the front in the midst of shelling and firing with the mercury dipping down to minus centigrade.

Journalism, for women journalists, is no longer confined to ‘soft’ news critiquing the proliferation

of beauty contests or a single case of domestic violence in the neighbourhood. Women journalists in India, both in the print as well as in the electronic media, are known for their commitment to their vocation, for their integrity in not ‘selling out’ to propaganda or cheap p.r. for a price, and for their moral courage in facing the dangers of war coverage or the coverage of a communal riot. When the PTI recruited more women than men among their trainees a decade ago, begun with the system of entrance tests and interviews at entry point, Sujata Madhok of the Delhi Union of Journalists said, “PTI seems to have chosen so many women because they did better in entrance tests, also because women have acquired a reputation for being more hardworking and disciplined.”

The history of women in language journalism in our country dates back to more than a century. Interestingly, most of their writing applies to our social ethos today as much as it then did. Krishnabhabini Das, one of the first women writers in Bengal, in her article entitled Shikshita Narir Pratibader Uttar, (Response to a Protest from an Educated Woman) in Sahitya, (2nd year, No.10, 1891, pp.474-478) wrote –

It is unjust to say that only men should cultivate that intelligence, that God has given both men and women. God could never have imparted such a great gift without a noble end in view.

Jnanadanandini Debi, in Stri Shiksha (Women’s Education), an article published in the prestigious Bharati in 1882 (BS Asvin, 1288) offered a manifesto arguing the cause for women’s education. She argued for a desegregation of the sexes, and proves how education is both the cause and the effect of this process. In Shekele Katha (Tales of Bygone Days) Swarnakumari Debi praised the reforms introduced by her father in the areas within the domestic sphere marked out exclusively for women. Yet, she did not forget to add that this ‘women’s world’ did have its share of happiness and joy creating a space for

Women in Media

Dr. Shoma A. Chatterji

The history of women in language journalism in our country dates back to more than a century. Interestingly, most of their writing applies to our social ethos today as much as it then did.

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Like the editorial stance of StreeBodh in its later years, the profile of the woman journalist in India has also changed. Tavleen Singh (then correspondent with The Sunday Telegraph), who won the Sanksriti Award for Journalism, in one of her most memorable pieces, expressed her intense shame for being born a Sikh herself after she had met Bhindranwala and his followers at the Golden Temple.

She wrote another historic report on the murder of Sumeet Singh, editor of Preet Lari. Anjali Puri, then with the Indian Express, covered of the elections in Pakistan extensively, which returned Benazir Bhutto as the first woman PM of Pakistan. Sheela Barse won the PUCL Award for her contribution to investigative journalism focussing on human rights. She trod the rather uneven and rough terrain of women prisoners in the country, going from one jail to another, crossing insurmountable hurdles on the way, going on to examine human rights violations in Hyderabad prisons on juvenile offenders, then exploring the dingy and dark world of child labourers in the machine looms of Bhiwandi, near Mumbai.

Shahnaz Anklesaria, erstwhile of The Statesman and then with the Indian Express, also won the India Today-PUCL Award for human rights journalism for her “devotion to a free and open society with which she laboured to secure and defend civil liberties and human rights of the disadvantaged in the country.” Shahnaz got the award for the whole body of her work in contrast to the previous winners who won the same award for individual stories. Along with the late Neerja Chowdhury (also a PUCL Awardee) Shahnaz toured Punjab soon after Operation Bluestar. She is one of the first Indian journalists to report on the local response to the government’s action.

From a report by Usha Rai upon her return from the first International Women’s Media conference held in Washington D.C. in November 1986, we learn that the director of development at the Columbia School of Journalism states that between

1976 and 1986, 60 per cent of students at journalism schools in the US consisted of women. Yet, there remains a greater discrepancy in the salaries of men and women journalists employed in the print media than in radio or television. Nearly 90 per cent of editors responsible for women’s news are women. Of the 400,000 professional journalists in China, one-third are women who write about everything from politics to science. According to Vesna Prijam, an economic writer for Yugoslavia’s Tanjug, most successful women journalists in the country were either single or divorced.

Women’s journalism has three dimensions. One concerns women actively involved in contributing the power of their voice and perspective to journalism. This is journalism by women. The second relates to the portrayal of women in the print media. This defines ‘journalism about women.’ Examples of this could be found in coverage of women’s issues, news reports about a woman having been raped or murdered, some woman having bagged an international award, women portrayed in photo features, cartoons and comic strips, and so on. There is a specialized third dimension, which segregates the woman question through a proliferation of women’s magazines across the board. This purportedly targets women and could be termed ‘journalism for women.’ This paper aims to retrace its steps to recall the beginnings of women journalists in India – the area spanning journalism by women bringing us to the present day when the gender of the journalist is completely beyond question when it comes to discussing merit, efficiency, contribution and integrity.

The writer is a freelance journalist, author and film scholar based in Kolkata. She has authored 17 books and contributed to many edited compilations on cinema, family and gender. E-Mail: shoma.chatterji@gmail.com

Women’s journalism has three dimensions. One concerns women actively involved in contributing the power of their voice and perspective to journalism. This is journalism by women. The second relates to the portrayal of women in the print media. This defines ‘journalism about women.’ There is a specialized third dimension, which segregates the woman question through a proliferation of women’s magazines across the board. This purportedly targets women and could be termed ‘journalism for women.’

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B-Im-ihpw hm-bphpw t]m-se- bm-Wv \-ap-¡n-t¸mÄ CâÀ-

s\-äv. kÀ-h-hym]n. I-¼yq-«-dpw sam-ss_-epw am-{Xañ, {^n-UvPpw ImSpw P-e-hn-Xc-W-ss]-¸p-I-fp-sañmw CâÀ-s\-än-te-¡v L-Sn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-sa-ó Im-ew hn-Zq-c-a-sñ-óm-Wv sS-Iv ]-Þn-X-cp-sS A-`n-{]mbw.

Cu km-l-N-cy-¯nð B-cm-Wv CâÀ-s\-äv \n-b-{´n-t¡-ï-sXó tNm-Zyw, hm-bphpw B-Im-ihpw B-cm-Wv \n-b-{´n-t¡ï-Xv F-óv tNm-Zn-¡póXp t]m-sebmsW-óv tXm-ón-tb-¡mw. shdpw tXm-óð am-{X-añ C-Xv. C-óv \-½Ä Im-Wp-ó CâÀ-s\-än\v I-gn-ª A-dp-]-Xp-I-fnepw F-gp-]-Xp-I-fn-epw A-Sn-¯-d ]-Wn-XhÀ, A-Xv B-cp-sS-sb-¦nepw \n-b-{´-W¯n-tem D-S-a-Ø-Xbntem B-Im¯ hn-[-am-Wv cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯n-bXv. sXm-®q-dp-I-fp-sS BZyw thÄ-Uv ssh-Uv sh-ºv cw-K-s¯-¯p-t¼m-gpw, A-sXm-cp t]äâv sNbv-X hn-Zy-bm-bn A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-

Sm-Xn-cn-¡m-³ A-Xn-sâ D-]-Úm-Xm-hv G-sd {i-²n-¨p.

CâÀ-s\-äv h-gn-bp-Å B-i-b-hn-\n a-bw kz-X-{´-am-bn-cn-¡Ww, B-cp-sS-bpw \n-b-{´-W-¯n-em-h-cp-Xv þ C-Xm-bn-cp-óp Im-gv-N-¸mSv. Cu-sbm-cp Im-gv-N-¸m-Sn-sâ ]n³-_-e-¯nð cq-]-s¸-«Xp-sIm-ïv sF-Iy-cmã-k` t]m-ep-Å A-´m-cm-{ã kw-L-\-IÄ-¡v CâÀ-s\-än-sâ \n-b-{´W¯nð Im-cyam-b ]-¦nñm-Xmbn.

B-tKm-f-I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³ kw-_- Ôn-¨ \-b-§Ä- \n-Ý-bn-¡póXv bp.F-ón-\v Io-gn-ep-Å "A-´m-cm-{ã sS-en-¡-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³ bq-Wnb³' (ITU) B-Wv. io-X-bp-²-¯n-sâ I-dp-¯-\m-fp-I-fnð t]mepw kv-Xp-XyÀ-l-am-bn B G-P³-kn {]-hÀ-¯n¨p. a-äv bp.F³.G-P³-kn-I-fp-am-bn Xm-c-Xayw sN-bv-Xmð Im-cyam-b XÀ-¡-§Ä-s¡mópw C-S-sIm-Sp-¡m-sX ap-tó-dm³ A-Xn-\m-bn. A-´m-cm-{ã-X-e-¯nð tdUntbm kv-s]-{Îw ssI-

Imcyw sN-¿p-ó-Xn-epw, tdUntbm I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j-\nð ]pXn-b Ìm³-tUÀ-Up-IÄ hn-I-kn-¸n-¡p-ó-Xn-epw henb ]-¦mWv sF.Sn.bp.h-ln-¨Xv.

B kw-L-S-\-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯nð A-´m-cm-{ã D-S-¼-Snbm-b "CâÀ-\m-j-Wð sS-en-I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³ sd-Kp-te-j³kv' (ITR) G-ähp-sam-Sp-hnð ]p-Xp-¡n-b-Xv G-Xm-ïv Imð-\q-äm-ïv ap-¼v (1988ð) BWv. B D-S¼-Sn \n-e-hnð h-ó ti-j-w I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³ cwK-w hn-¹-h-I-c-am-bn am-dn-. sh-ºv B-hnÀ-`-hn¨p, ssk-_À-bp-K-w D-Z-bw- sN-bvXp. I-½yq-Wn-t¡jsâ am-{X-añ, B-tKm-f- km-¼¯n-I C-S-]m-Sp-I-fp-sSbpw {I-b-hn-{I-b-§-fp-sSbpw \-s«ñm-bn CâÀ-s\-äv ]-cn-W-an-¨p.

C-¡mcyw {]-Xn-^-en-¡m-¯ H-cp B-tKm-f I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³ D-S-¼-Sn-¡v F´v {]-k-àn-bp-ïm-Ipsaóv B-tem-Nn-¨p t\m-¡p-I. i-cn-¡p-]-d-ªmð, 1988 se D-S¼-Sn H-cp "N-¯ ]q-¨-' bmWv. ]pXn-b km-l-N-cy-§Ä-¡q-Sn {]-Xn-^-en-¡-¯-¡-hn-[w A-Xn-s\ ]p-Xp-¡p-I F-ó e-£y-t¯msSbm-Wv I-gn-ª Un-kw-_-À aq-óv apXð 12 Znh-kw \o-ï "thÄ-Uv tIm¬-^-d³kv Hm¬ CâÀ-\m-j-Wð sS-en-¡-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³kv' (U-»yp.kn.sF.Sn) Zp-_m-bnð \-S-ó-Xv. 193 cm-Py-

Cóv temI¯v Gsd hmÀ¯IÄ {]Xy£s¸SpóXpw ]e

Ne\§fpw krãn¡póXpw \yqaoUob Fópw tkmjyð

aoUnb Fópsams¡ Adnbs¸Spó sskäpIfnse P\§fpsS

t\cn«pÅ CSs]SepIfneqsSbmWv. Cu cwKs¯ ]pXnb

kw`hhnImk§sf ]cnNbs¸Sp¯pIbmWv Cu ]wànbneqsS

\yq thhvkv

CâÀ-s\-än-sâ A-h-Im-inIÄ

tPmk^v BâWn

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§-fnð \n-óm-bn 600 {]-Xn-\n-[n-IÄ ]-s¦-Sp-¯ B k-t½f-\w ]t£, ]-cm-P-b-¯n-em-Wv I-em-in-¨Xv. CâÀ-s\-äm-bm-bn-cp-óp ]-cm-P-b-Im-c-Ww!

tem-I-k-aql-s¯ hn-P-b-§-fn-te¡pw ]pXn-b ap-tó-ä-§-fn-te¡pw \-bn¡p-ó CâÀ-s\äv, I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j-\p-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« H-cp tem-I- k-t½-f-\w ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-ó-Xn-\v Im-c-W-ambn Fó-Xv hn-Nn-{X-am-bn tXm-ómw! ]t£, kw-`-hn¨-Xv A-§-s\-bm-Wv. H-¸p-sh-bv-¡m³ A-h-Im-i-ap-Å 144 cm-Py-§-fnð 89 F-®-ta ]p-Xp¡n-b D-S-¼-Sn-bnð Un-kw-_À 14 \v H-¸p-sh-¨p-Åp. 45 cm-Py-§Ä A-Xv Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡m³ hn-k-½-Xn¨p. D-S-¼-Sn-¡v \n-b-a-{]m-_eyw h-cn-I 2015 P-\h-cn H-ón-\mWv. A-Xn-\mð, hn-i-Z-am-b NÀ-¨-bv¡v ti-jw D-S-¼-Sn-bnð H-¸nSmw F-ó \n-e-]m-Sv C-´y-bpĸ-sS Nn-e cm-Py-§Ä kzo-I-cn¨p.

C-{X-Im-e-hpw an-I-¨ co-Xn-bnð {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-Ibpw hn-hm-Z-§Ä-¡v h-gn-sh-bv-¡m-sX Im-cy-§Ä \nÀ-h-l-n-¡p-Ibpw sNbv-X sF.Sn.bp.t]m-sem cp kwL-S-\ C-§s\-sbm-cp {]-Xn-k-Ôn-bn-e-I-s¸-Spó-Xv B-Zy-am-bmWv. CâÀ-s\-äv \n-b-{´-W-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« Nn-e ]-cm-aÀ-i-§Ä ]p-Xp¡n-b sS-en-I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³ D-S-¼-Sn-bnð

I-S-óp-Iq-Sn-b-XmWv, A-hkm-\ \n-an-jw k-t½f-\w ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sm³ C-S-bm-¡n-b-Xv.

CâÀ-s\-än-sâ km-t¦-Xn-I A-Sn-¯-d k-Ö-am-¡p-ó-Xnð cm-Py-§Ä-¡v Xp-ey A-h-Im-iw A-\p-h-Zn¡mtam þ AXm-bn-cp-óp Zp-_m-bv k-t½-f\-s¯ B-Zym-h-km\w ]n-´p-SÀ-ó tNm-Zyw. C-¡m-cy-¯nð cm-Py-§Ä-¡v Xp-eyam-b A-h-Im-iw B-Im-sa-¦nð A-¡mcyw sS-en-¡-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³ D-S-¼-Sn-bnð {]-Xn-^-en-¡-Ww Fópw hm-Z-ap-bÀ-óp. F-ómð, D-S-¼-Sn-bn-se hy-h-Ø-IÄ CâÀ-s\-än-s\ G-sX-¦nepw hn-[-¯nð \n-b-{´n-¡p-ó-Xn-te-¡v h-óp-Iq-Sm F-óv a-dp-tN-cn hm-Zn-¨p. A-§-s\-bm-Wv k-t½-f-\w ]-cm-P-b-s¸-«Xv.

tem-I-cm-{ã§Ä c-ïp-tN-cn-bm-Ip-ó-Xn-\m-Wv Zp-_m-bv km£yw h-ln-¨Xv. "Zn F-¡-tWm-an-kväv' hmcn-I C-¡m-cy-¯nð \-S¯n-b \n-co£-Ww {i-t²-b-amWv. io-X-bp-²-Ime-s¯ A-\p-kv-a-cn-¸n-¡p-ó tN-cn-Xn-cn-hm-bn-cp-óp A-sX-óv hm-cn-I-bp-sS dn-t¸mÀ-«v ]-d-bpóp. d-jy-bp-sSbpw ssN-\-bp-sSbpw t\-Xr-Xz-¯nð H-cp hn-`mKw, A-ta-cn-¡-bp-sSbpw a-äv ]m-Ým-Xy-cm-Py-§-fp-sSbpw a-dp-tN-cn! temI-s¯ ]pXn-sbm-cp io-X-bp-²-¯n-te-¡v

CâÀ-s\-äv X-Ån-hn-Sp-I-bm-Wv Fóp-t]mepw ]-d-bm-hp-ó AhØ.

CâÀ-s\-än-sâ \n-b-{´-W-¯nepw km-t¦Xn-I hn-Im-k-¯nepw cm-Py-§Ä-¡v Xp-eym-h-Im-iw th-W-sa-ó \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv d-jy³-tN-cn-bp-tSXv. d-jy-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯-nð ssN-\, ku-Zn A-td-_y, Að-Po-cn-b, kp-Um ³ Xp-S§n-b cm-Py-§Ä D-ó-bn-¨ Cu B-h-iyw k-t½-f-\-¯n-\v BZyw X-só D-t]-£n-t¡-ïn hóp. G-Im-[n]-Xy `-c-W-Iq-S-§Ä-¡v CâÀ-s\-äv sk³-k-dn-Mv GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pw, B-i-b-{]-Imi-\w A-Sn-¨-a-À-¯m\pw A-Xv A-hk-c-sam-cp-¡p-sa-ó A-ta-cn-¡-bp-sS hm-Zw H-cÀ-Y-¯nð hnP-bw t\-Sp-I-bm-bn-cpóp.

thÄ-Uv ssh-Uv sh-ºn-sâ D-]-Rv-Pm-Xmhm-b Snw t_ÀW-kv eobpw Zp-_m-bv k-t½-f-\-s¯¸-än B-i-¦ {]-I-Sn-¸n-¨n-cp-óp. CâÀ-s\-än-sâ {]-hÀ¯-\w \n-b-{´n-¡m³ Nn-e k-t½-f-\ {]-Xn-\n-[n-IÄ sF.Sn.bp. hn-s\ t{]-cn-¸n-t¨-¡m-sa-ópw, A-Xv A-]-I-S-I-c-am-sW-óp-am-Wv A-t±-lw ]-d-ªXv. CâÀ-s\-än-sâ {]-hÀ¯-\w ap-tóm«p-sIm-ïp-t]m-Ip-ó {Kq-¸p-IÄ \n-e-hnð bm-sXm-cp {]-iv-\-hp-anñm-sX-bm-Wv AXv \-S-¯p-ó-sX-ó Im-cy hpw t_ÀW-kv eo Nq-ïn-¡m«n. CâÀ-

Snw t_ÀW-kv eo

thÄ-Uv ssh-Uv sh-ºn-sâ D-]-Rv-Pm-Xmhm-b Snw t_ÀW-kv eobpw Zp-_m-bv k-t½-f-\-s¯¸-än B-i-¦ {]-I-Sn-¸n-¨n-cp-óp. CâÀ-s\-än-sâ {]-hÀ¯-\w \n-b-{´n-¡m³ Nn-e k-t½-f-\ {]-Xn-\n-[n-IÄ sF.Sn.bp.hn-s\ t{]-cn-¸n-t¨-¡m-sa-ópw, A-Xv A-]-I-S-I-c-am-sW-óp-am-Wv A-t±-lw ]-d-ªXv. CâÀ-s\-än-sâ {]-hÀ¯-\w ap-tóm«p-sIm-ïp- t]m-Ip-ó {Kq-¸p-IÄ \n-e-hnð bm-sXm-cp {]-iv-\-hp-anñm-sX-bm-Wv AXv \-S-¯p-ó-sX-ó Im-cyhpw t_ÀW-kv eo Nq-ïn-¡m«n.

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Øm-]-\amb "sF-Im\v' (Icann) A-Xn-\p-Å I-cmÀ ]p-Xp-¡n \ð-Inb-Xv A-Sp-¯-bn-sS-bmWv. AÀ-]m-s\-än-sâ kr-ãm-¡-sf-ó ]m-c-¼-cy-¯nð-\n-ómWv sF.F.F³.F.bp-sS \n-b-{´-Ww bp.F-kv.hm-Wn-Py-h-Ip-¸n-sâ ]-¡-se-¯n-b-Xv. am-{Xañ, CâÀ-s\-än-sâ km-t¦Xn-I am-\-Z-Þ-§Ä \n-Ý-bn-¡p-ó "CâÀ-s\-äv F³-Pn-\o-b-dn-Mv Sm-kv-Iv t^m-gvkv', Snw t_ÀW-kv eo t\-XrXzw h-ln-¡p-ó "thÄ-Uv ssh-Uv sh-ºv I¬-tkmÀ-jyw' Xp-S§n-b {Kq-¸p-Ifpw kw-L-S-I-fp-sañmw A-ta-cn-¡ tI-{µ-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó-h-bm-Wv.

AÀ-]m-s\-än-sâ ]m-c-¼cyw ]d- ªv CâÀ-s\-än-s\bpw A-Xp-ïm-¡p- ó km-[y-X-I-fnð hen-sbm-cp ]-¦n-s\bpw A-ta-cn-¡ A-\p-`-hn-¡p-I-bm-sW-óv kmcw. AÀ-]m-s\-än-sâ Im-e-¯p-\n-óv tem-Iw F-{X ap-tóm«p- t]m-bn-cn-¡p-óp F-ó-Imcyw A-ta-cn-¡ a-\-kn-em-¡n-tb Xo-cq F-óv F-XnÀ-tN-cn hm-Zn-¡p-óp. B-i-b-hn-\n-a-b-¯n-sâ-bpw k-¼-Zv-hy-h-Ø-bp-sS-sbbpw \-s«ñm-bn ]-cn-W-an¡p-I am-{X-añ CâÀ-s\-äv sN-bv-Xn-cn-¡p-óXv. {I-an-\-ep-I-fp-sSbpw Ip-_p-²n-I-fp-sS-bpw G-ähpw hen-b Xm-h-f-ambpw A-Xv am-dn-s¡m-ïn-cn-¡póp. A-ômw-bp-²-ap-Jw t]m-ep-am-bn CâÀ-s\-äv am-dpóp. ssk-_À-bp-²-sa-ó-Xv k-¦ð-¸-¯nð-\n-óv bm-YmÀ-Yy-am-bn ]-cn-W-an-¨n-cn-¡p-óp.

Cu k-ml-N-cy-¯nð A-`n-{]m-b- kzm-X-{´yw F-ó t]-cnð CâÀ-s\-än-s\ F-{X-Imew A-ta-cn-¡-¡-bv-¡v kz-´-am-bn sIm-ïp-\-S-¡m-\mIpw Fó-Xv I-ï-dn-bWw. Zp-_m-bnð NÀ-¨-sN-¿-s¸-« I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³ D-S-¼-Sn-bnð kv-]mw (]m-gv-k-tµiw) \n-b-{´n-¡p-ó-Xn-s\-¡p-dn-¨p-Å ]-cm-aÀ-i-hpw CâÀ-s\äv "kÀ-ho-kv Zm-Xm¡-sf'¡p-dn-¨p-Å ]-cm-aÀ-ihpw h-ó-XmWv, D-S¼-Sn Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-ó-Xnð-\n-óv A-ta-cn-¡, {_n-«³ DÄ-¸-sS-bp-Å tN-cn-sb X-S-ªXv. CâÀ-s\-än -s\-¡p-dn-¨v H-cp ]-cm-aÀ-ihpw B D-S-¼-Sn-bnð ]m-Sn-sñ-óm-Wv A-hÀ hm-Zn-¨-Xv.

G-Xm-bm-epw, CâÀ-s\-än-sâ D-S-a-Ø-X-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« Cu XÀ-¡w D-Ss\-sbmópw A-h-km-\n-¡p-sa-óv I-cp-Xm³ \ym-b-anñ. a-säm-cp io-X-bp-²w B-cw-`n-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-óv kmcw!

amXr`qan Hm¬sse\nð No^v k_v

FUnädmWv teJI³.

teJIsâ Cþsabvð:

jamboori@gmail.com

s\-än-sâ kr-ãm-¡fn-sem-cmÄ F-óv hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sm-dp-Å hnâv skÀ-^v Kq-KnÄ ssk-än-eqsS Cu {]-iv-\w D-bÀ-¯n-¡m-«n. A¯-cw B-i-¦-IÄ i-cn-bm-sW-ópw, CâÀ-s\-än-s\ G-sX-¦nepw G-Im-[n]-Xy `-c-W-Iq-S-§Ä-¡v \n-b-{´n-¡m³ h-gn-Xp-d-óp-Iq-Sm Fópw A-ta-cn-¡-bp-sS 120 Aw-K {]-Xn-\n-[n-kw-L-¯n-sâ X-e-h³ sS-dn {Im-aÀ hm-Zn-¨p.

A-ta-cn-¡-bpsS Cu hm-Zw kzm-K-XmÀ-l-am-sW-¦n-epw, C-¡m-cy-¯nð A-ta-cn-¡ {i-an-¡pó-Xv kz-´w Xm-Xv-]-cy-§Ä kw-c-£n-¡m-\m-sW-óv a-\-kn-em-¡m³ {]-bm-k-anñ. ImcWw Hm¬-sse³ cw-K-s¯ t\-«-§Ä G-ä-

s¯-¡p-dn-¨v ]-c-ky-am-bn NÀ-¨ sN-¿m³ t]mepw a-Sn-¨n-cp-ó cm-Py-am-Wv A-ta-cn-¡ ("ssk-_À bp-²-¯n-\p-Å B-bp-[§Ä', ao-Un-b, 2012 \-hw-_À e-¡w ImWpI). CâÀ-s\-än-sâ \-S-¯n-¸nð sF-Iy-cm-{ãk-`-tbm A-Xn-\v Io-gn-ep-Å sF.Sn.bp.t]m-ep-Å G-P³-kn-Itfm G-sX-¦nepw C-S-s]-Sð \-S-¯m³ A-ta-cn-¡ H-cn-¡epw A-\p-h-Zn-¨n-cp-ónñ.

F-óp-sh-¨mð, CâÀ-s\-äv F-ó kÀ-h-hym-]n-bp-sS \n-b-{´-Ww C-t¸mÄ ^-e-¯nð A-ta-cn-¡-bp-sS ]-¡-emWv. N-cn-{X-]-cam-b Im-c-W-§-fm-ð A§-s\ h-óp-`-hn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cpóp. CâÀ-s\-än-sâ ap³-Km-anbmb

hp-a-[n-Iw kz-´-am-¡p-ó cmPyw A-ta-cn-¡-bmWv. CâÀ-s\-än-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\-ku-I-cy-§-fnð hen-sbm-cp ]-¦v Øn-Xn-sN-¿pó-Xv A-ta-cn-¡-bn-emWv. am-{Xañ, CâÀ-s\-äv {Sm-^n-¡nð knw-l-`m-K-hpw Kp-W-I-c-am-Ip-óXpw B cm-Py-¯n-\v Xsó. Hm¬-sse³ hy-h-km-b-¯n-sâ a-lm-`q-cn-]-£hpw kz-´-am-¡p-óXpw A-ta-cn-¡³ I-¼-\n-IÄ Xsó. Kq-Kn-fn-sâbpw s^-bv-kv-_p-¡n-sâbpw {]-Xn-\n-[n-IÄ Zp-_m-bn-se bp.F-kv.kw-L-¯nð DÄ-s¸«-Xv sh-dp-sXbñ.

CâÀ-s\-än-sâ \n-b-{´-Ww a-äv cm-Py-§-tf-sX-¦n-epw B-h-iy-s¸«mtem F-ó kw-i-b-¯mð, ssk-_À-bp-²-

AÀ-]m-s\äv (ARPANET) \n-e-hnð-hóXv A-ta-cn-¡³ {]Xn-tcm-[-h-Ip-¸n-\v Io-gn-emWv. B ]m-c-¼-cy-¯n-sâ \o-¡n-bn-cp-¸m-bn C-t¸mgpw CâÀ-s\-än-s\ a-ämÀ¡pw hn«p-sIm-Sp-¡m-sX A-ta-cn-¡ A-Xn-sâ Nn-d-In³-Io-gnð \nÀ-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-óp.

CâÀ-s\-än-sâ \n-e-\nð-¸nð {]-[m-\-s¸-« L-S-I-§fn-semóv, s\-än-se A-{U-Êv kw-hn-[m-\w \n-b-{´n-¡p-ó "CâÀ-s\-äv A-ssk³-Uv \-t¼-gv-kv A-tXm-dn«n' (IANA) BWv. B A-tXm-dn-«n-sb B-cv {]-hÀ-¯n-¸n-¡-W-sa-óv Xo-cp-am-\n-¡pó-Xv bp.F-kv.hm-Wn-Py-h-Ip-¸mWv. Imen-t^mÀWn-b tI-{µ-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó kzX-{´

CâÀ-s\-äv F-ó kÀ-h-hym-]n-bp-sS \n-b-{´-Ww C-t¸mÄ ^-e- ¯nð A-ta-cn-¡-bp-sS ]-¡-emWv. CâÀ-s\-än-sâ ap³-Km-anbmb AÀ-]m-s\äv (ARPANET) \n-e-hnð-hóXv A-ta-cn-¡³ {]Xn-tcm-[ -h-Ip-¸n-\v Io-gn-emWv. B ]m-c-¼-cy-¯n-sâ \o-¡n-bn-cp-¸m-bn C-t¸mgpw CâÀ-s\-än-s\ a-ämÀ¡pw hn«p-sIm-Sp-¡m-sX A-ta-cn-¡ A-Xn-sâ Nn-d-In³-Io-gnð \nÀ-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-óp.

Zp_mbv kt½f\ thZn

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ae-bm-f-]-{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯n\v tZio-b-{]-Øm-\-hp-am-bp-ff _Ôw

hS-hr-£-§Ä t]mse hfÀóp-]-´-en¨ Hcp-\nc ]{Xm-[n-]-òm-cpsS t]cn-emWv {]mY-an-I-ambpw Adn-b-s¸-Sp-ó-Xv. cmjv{So-b-t\-Xm-¡Ä Ign-ªmð B[p-\nI C´y-bpsS Ncn-{Xs¯ Gähpw ASp-¯p-\n-óp-t\m-¡n-¡-ïXpw \nÀWm-b-I-ambn kzm[o-\n-¨-Xp-amb hn`m-K-hpw- C-h-cpÄs¸-Spó ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I-cm-Wv. Iï-¯nð hÀKokv am¸nfbnemcw`n-¡pó ae-bm-

]{X-{]-hÀ¯\w "Ncn-{X'-am-Ip-t¼mÄ

jmPn tP¡_v

Bdp-]-Xn-ämïp ]nón« Xsâ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\ Pohn-Xs¯ B[p-\nI C´y-bpsS Ncn-{X-am-sb-gp-Xp-I-bmWv hnJym-X- ]-{Xm-[n-]À _q_vfn tPmÀPv hÀKo-kv.

hmb-\

t]m¯³tPm-k^pw apXð F-S-¯« \mcm-b-W\pw sI.-kn.-tPm-Wpw kn.]n cma-N-{µ\pw H.-hn. hnP-b\pw A_p G{_lmapw, Sn.sP.Fkv. tPmÀÖpw -hsc DÄs¸-Spó aqómw-X-e-ap-d-bnðs¸« ae-bmfn ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I-cn-sem-cm-fmWv _n.-Pn.-hÀKo-kv. Cu Xe-ap-dbv¡p ]nómse hó Hcp h³\nc ae-bm-fn-IÄ Zðln-t]m-ep-ff alm-\-K-c-§Ä tI{µo-I-cn¨v BtKm-f-hð¡-c-W-¯n-sâbpw sSen-hn-j-sâbpw Ime¯v Cw¥o-jv am-[ya{]hÀ¯-\-¯n-eqsS tZio-b-cm-jv{So-b-¯nepw am[y-a-N-cn-{X-¯nepw CS-s]-Spó Ime-amWv \½p-tS-Xv.

aäp- ap-gp-h³ t]cnð\nópw hÀKo-

First Draft : Witness to the Making of Modern India (Autobiography)B.G. Verghese; Tranquebar Press, 2010

f-]-{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ cïmw-L«w h¡w aue-hnbpw -sI. cmaIr-jvW- ]n-f-fbpw F.-_m-e-Ir-jvW-]n-f-fbpw sI.-]n.-tI-i-h-ta-t\m\pw aqÀt¡m¯p Ipam-c\pw apXð tIc-f-¯n-\p-sh-fn-bnð Cw¥ojv ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯n-eqsS tZiob {i²-bm-IÀjn¨ Pn.]n-. ]n-ff apX-ep-ff Hcp-\nc ]{X-{]-hÀ ¯-IÀhsc \ofp-óp. ChÀ¡p- ]n-ómse, kzmX-{´y-¯n\p ap³]pw ]n³]p-ambn X§-fpsS cmjv{So-b-]-{X-{]-hÀ¯\w Icp-¸n-Sn-¸n¨ i¦dpw

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kn-\p-ff IuXp-I-I-c-amb hyXymkw tIc-f-¯n-\p- sh-fn-bnð P\n-¡p-Ibpw tIc-f-¯n-\p- sh-fn-bnð am{Xw Pohn-¡p-Ibpw ae-bm-f-`mj ]Tn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX GI ae-bm-fn-]-{X-{]-hÀ¯-I³ FóXpam{X-a-ñ. C´y-bnse ap³\nc Cw¥o-jv]-{X-§Ä aqón-sâbpw ]{Xm-[n-]-k-an-Xn-bnð ZoÀL-Imew {]hÀ¯n-¡p-I-bpw Chbnð csï-®-¯nsâ apJy-]-{Xm-[n-]À Xsóbmhp-Ibpw sNbvX GI-a-e-bm-fnbpw hÀKo-km-Wv. C´y³ {][m-\-a-{´n-bp-sS-bpw- {]Xntcm[ a-{´n-bp-sSbpw am[y-a -D-]-tZ-jvSmhv Fóo Øm\§Ä apXð bps\kvtIm cq]o-I-cn¨ BtKmf Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-\-b-cq-]o-I-cW kan-Xn-bnse AwK-Xzw-hsc t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvX GI ae-bm-fn-bpamWv _n.-Pn.-hÀKo-kv.

apJy-ambpw cïp-Im-c-W-§-fm-emWv _n.-Pn.-hÀKo-knsâ Cu BßI-Y {]m[m\yw t\Sp-ó-Xv. Hóv, ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-sa-óXv Hcp \mSnsâ

hnZym-`ymkw XpS-§n-bh hnh-cn-¡p-óp. Xsâ Pohn-X-Im-e-¯p-S-\o-fw, hÀ-j-§Ä Iq-Sp-t¼mÄ kµÀin-¡pó hwi-hr-£-¯nsâ thcp-IÄ am{X-amWv hÀKo-kn\p Xncp-h-ñ-bnse IpSpw-_mw-K-§fpw hoSp-Ifpw. Ah-sb-¡m-f-[nIw Bß-_-Ô-t¯msS At±lw Uq¬ kvIqfnsâbpw skâvÌo^³kv tImtf-Pn-sâbpw tIw{_nPv kÀh-I-em-im-e-bp-sSbpw IY-]-d-bp-óp.

1948ð tIw{_n-UvPnð \nóv t\sc ssSwkv Hm^v C´y-bpsS ]{Xm-[n-]-k-an-Xn-bn-te-¡v. Ipd-ª-Im-es¯ {_n«ojv ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-]-cn-io-e-\-¯n-\p-tijw _n.-Pn.-hÀKo-knsâ am[y-a-Po-hnXw GXmïv kzX{´ C´y-s¡m¸w Bcw-`n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-óp. bqtdm-¸nse bm{X-IÄ¡n-S-bnð C´y-bpsS kzmX-{´yhpw hn`-P-\hpw A\p-`-h]c-ambn \jvS-am-bn-t¸mb hÀKo-kn\v ]s£ 1950se dn¸-»nIv Zn\wapX-ep-ff Hcp C´y³ A\p-`-

bpsS Hm^o-knð C³^Àta-j³ D]-tZ-i-I-\mbn tNÀóp. C´y³ cmjv{So-bs¯ aqóp-hÀjw Gä-hp-a-Sp-¯p-\n óp t\m¡n-¡ï hÀKokv 1969-þð lnµp-Øm³ ssSwknsâ ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn. _olm-dnð \nóv Pb-{]-Imiv \mcm-b-W³ XpS-¡-an« P\-Io-b- {]-t£m-`-§Ä Zðln-bpsS ASn-¯-d-bn-f-¡nb Imew. D-d-¨- tIm¬{Kkv Nm-bvhp ]peÀ¯n-bn-cpó lnµp-Øm³ ssSwknsâ ]pXnb ]{Xm-[n-]À, kRvP-bv KmÔnbpsS DZ-b-¯n- s\m¸w tIm¬{K-kn-ep-ïmb hyXn-bm-\-§sf \nin-X-ambn hnaÀin-¨p-Xp-S-§n-b-tXmsS ]{X- D-Sa sI.-sI.- _nÀf Bi-¦-bn-em-bn. ASn-b-´-cm-hØ {]Jym-]n-¡-s¸« Znhkw Xsâ FUn-täm-dn-bð tImfw iq\y-am-¡n-bn«v hÀKokv Cµn-c-s¡-Xnsc bp²w -{]-Jym-]n-¨p. Xma-kn-bmsX _nÀf hÀKo-kns\ FUn-äÀ Øm\-¯p-\n ópw \o¡n. Cµn-c-bpsS CS-s]-Sð Cu \o¡-¯n-\p- ]n-ón-ep-ïm-bn-cp-óp-shóp hyàw.

1975ð hnI-k-t\m-òpJ am[y-a-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ DZm-¯-am-Xr-I-IÄ ap³\nÀ¯n hÀKo-kn\v aKvksk AhmÀUv e`n-¨p. ]pc-kvImcw hm§m³t]mb hÀKo-kn\v ASn-b-´-cm-h-Ø-sb-¡p-dn¨v AhnsS ]cm-aÀ in-¡-cpXv Fóv Kh¬saânsâ IÀi-\-\nÀt±-i-ap-ïm-bn-cpóp. ASn-b-´-cmhØ-¡m-e¯v Xm³ AdÌpsN¿-s¸-Sm-Xn-cp-ó-Xnsâ apJy-Im-cWw aKvksk ]pc-kvIm-c-am-bn-cpóp Fóv hÀKokv hniz-kn-¨p.

1977 se s]mXp-sX-c-sª-Sp-¸nð amth-en-¡c temI-k-`m-a-WvU-e-¯nð CS-Xp-]£ Øm\mÀYn-bmbn aÕ-cn-¡m³ C.-Fw.-F-knsâ \nÀ_-Ô-¯n-ð hÀKokv X¿m-dm-bn. tIm¬{K-kn\v C´y-bpsS `cWw \jvS-am-sb-¦nepw tIc-f-¯nð Hcp temI-k-`m-a-WvU-e-¯nepw CS-Xp-]-£-¯n\p hnP-bn-¡m³ Ign-ªn-ñ. hÀKokv Zðln-bn-te¡p Xncn-¨p- t]m-bn.

lnµp-Øm³ ssSwknð \nóp- ]p-d-¯m-b-tijw Ipsd-¡mew hnti-jn¨v ]Z-hn-I-fn-ñmsX {]hÀ¯n¨ Ime-am-bn-cpóp hÀKo-kn-tâ-Xv. ]n.-bp.- kn.-F-ñnepw KmÔn-]okv ^utï-j-\nepw At±lw kPo-h-am-bn. Zfn-Xv P-\-hn-`m-K-§-fpsS Pohn-X-{]-iv\-§-fnð tZio-b-Im-gvN-¸m-tSmsS hÀKokv CS-s]-Sp-óXpw C¡m-e-¯m-Wv. (sXc-sª-Sp-¸nð ]cm-P-b-s¸-s«-¦n-epw- X-\n¡p e`n¨ sXc-sª-Sp-¸p-^-ïnð an¨w-hó XpI-sImïv aoUn-bm-^u-tï-j³ Fó {SÌv Øm]n¨

\nc-h[n ae-bm-fn-]-{Xm-[n-]-òm-cpsS Bß-I-Y-Ifpw Poh-N-cn-{X-§fpw tIc-fob, C´y³ kmaq-ly-N-cn-{X-¯nsâ GSp-I-fmbn \ap-¡p-ap-ón-ep-ïv. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-f-f-bp-tSXp apXð Sn.-sP.Fkn tâXS¡w. -A-h-bnð\n-sóms¡ `nó-ambn tZio-b-cm-jv{So-b-¯n-sâbpw kzmX-´ym-\-´c C´y-bpsS `c-W-Iq-S-]-cn-Wm-a-§fp-sSbpw Ic-Sp-cq-]-sa-ó-\n-e-bnð am{X-a-ñ, hnI-k-\w, Bkq-{X-Ww,- hn-tZ-i-\bw, cmPy-kp-c-£, a\p-jym-h-Im-i-§Ä, am[y-a-\-b-§Ä XpS-§nb khn-ti-j-ta-J-e-I-fpsS kq£va-amb hni-I-e-\-§-sfó \ne-bnepw k¼-ó-amWv _n.-Pn.-hÀKo-knsâ Bß-I-Y.

cmjv{So-b-]-cn-Wm-a-§Ä tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯pó Ncn{Xt{kmX-kmbn amdpóp Fó-Xn-\mð. cïv, hyàn-Po-hn-X-¯nse kzIm-cym-\p-`-h-§-sf-¡mÄ kmaq-ln-Im-\p-`-h-§Ä¡p {]mapJyw \ðIpóp Fó-Xn-\mð.

\nc-h[n ae-bm-fn-]-{Xm-[n-]-òm-cp sS Bß-I-Y-Ifpw Poh-N-cn-{X-§fpw tIc-fob, C´y³ kmaq-ly-N-cn-{X-¯nsâ GSp-I-fmbn \ap-¡p-ap-ón-ep-ïv. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-f-f-bp-tSXp apXð Sn.-sP.FkntâXS¡w. -A-h-bnð\n-sóms¡ `nó-ambn tZio-b-cm-jv{So-b-¯n-sâbpw kzmX-´ym-\-´c C´y-bpsS `c-W-Iq-S-]-cn-Wm-a-§fp-sSbpw Ic-Sp-cq-]-sa-ó-\n-e-bnð am{X-a-ñ, hnI-k-\w, Bkq-{X-Ww,- hn-tZ-i-\bw, cmPy-kp-c-£, a\p-jym-h-Im-i-§Ä, am[y-a-\-b-§Ä XpS-§nb khn-ti-j-ta-J-e-I-fpsS kq£va-amb hni-I-e-\-§-sfó \ne-bnepw k¼-ó-amWv _n.-Pn.-hÀKo-knsâ Bß-I-Y.

]Xn-\m-d-[ym-b-§fpw Aôv A\p-_-Ô-§fpw tNÀó Cu Bß-I-Y-bnð BZy- c-ï-[ym-b-§Ä _meyw,

hhpw Xsâ Pohn-X-¯nsâ `mK-am-Im-Xn-cp-ón-«n-ñ.

{^¦vsam-sd-bn-knsâ Iognð ssSw kv- Hm^v C´y-bnð Icp-¸n-Sn-¸n¨ am[y-a-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ Hómw-L«w Hóc]Xn-äm-ïn-e-[nIw \oïp. s\{lp-hn-b³- `-c-W-Im-e-¯n-s\m¸w hÀKo-knsâ am[y-a, cmjv{So-b-Po-hn-Xhpw ASn-ap-Sn- am-dn-a-dn-bp-óp. kw`-h-_-lp-e-am-bn-cp-óp cmPy-¯n-s\-ó -t]mse hÀKo-kn\pw Cu Imew. hnI-k-t\m-òpJ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ {Kmao-Wm-\p-`-h-§Ä apXð '62- sebpw '65 sebpw bp²-dn-t¸mÀ«nsâ cmjv{So-bm-\p-`-h-§Ä hsc.

Zðln _yqtdm-bn-em-bn-cpó hÀKo-kns\ amt\-Pvsaâv t_mwt_¡v Øew-am-än-b-Xn-s\-¯p-SÀóv At±lw ssSwkv- Hm^v C´y-bnð \nóp cmPn-h-¨p. samdmÀPn- tZ-imbn amt\-Pvsaân-\p-thïn hÀKo-kns\ A\p-\-bn-¸n-¡m-s\-¯n-sb-¦nepw At±lw hg-§n-bn-ñ. ]Xn-t\-gp-hÀjs¯ ssSwkv Pohn-X-a-h-km-\n-¸n¨v 1966ð hÀKokv {][m-\-a{´n Cµn-cm-Km-Ôn-

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atX-X-c-Xzw, P\m-[n-]-Xyw, am\-hn-IX Fón-h-tbmSv hn«p-ho-gvN-bn-ñm¯ Iqdp-]p-eÀ¯n-bpw, Iogm-f,- Z-fn-Xv, kv{Xoim-ào-I-cWw C´y³ kmaq-ly-þ-cm-jv{So-b-þ-am-[ya {]hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ Gähpw henb ISabm-sWóv \nc-´cw HmÀ½n-¸n¨pw ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-sa-óXv [mÀ½n-I-Xbpw s{]m^-j-W-en- khpw Hóp-tNÀó cmjv{So-b-{]-hÀ¯-\-am-sWóv Xsâ Pohn-X- Im-e-¯p-S-\ofw sXfn-bn¨pw Ggp-]-Xn-äm-ïp-]n-ón« am[y-a-Po-hn-X-amWv _n.-Pn.-hÀKo-kn-\p-f-f-Xv. cmj-{So-b, km¼-¯n-I, A[n-Im-c-tI-{µ-§-fpsS {]tem-`-\-§sf AXn-Po-hn-¡-emWv henb am[y-a-{]-hÀ¯-I-cpsS Gähpw henb shñp-hn-fn-I-fn-semóv Fóp sXfn-bn-¡póp hÀKo-knsâ Pohn-Xw.

1927ð _Àa-bnð P\n¨v, Uq¬kvIqÄ, skâvÌo^³kv tImtf-Pv, tIw{_nPv kÀh-I-em-ime Fón-hn-S-§-fnð hnZym-`ymkw ]qÀ¯n-bm¡n 1948ð ssSwkv-Hm^v C´y-bnð tNÀó _n.-Pn.-hÀKo-kv, 1969 apXð 75 hsc lnµp-Øm³ ssSwkn-sâbpw 1982 apXð 86 hsc C´y³ FIvkv{]-kn-sâbpw ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp-óp. 1966-þ68 Ime¯v {][m-\-a{´n Cµn-cm-Km-Ôn-bpsS am[ya D]-tZ-i-I\pw 2001ð {]Xn-tcm-[-a-{´n-bpsS am[ya D]-tZ-i-I-\p-ambn hÀKo-kv. hnI-k-\-am-[y-a-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ t]cnð 1975se aKvksk ]pc-kvImcw t\Snb hÀKokv 1977ð amth-en-¡c temI-k-`m-a-WvU-e-¯nð CS-Xp-]£¯nsâ kzX-{´-Øm-\mÀYn-bm-bn-cp-óp. 1998-þ2001 Ime¯v tZio-b-kp-c-£m- D-]-tZ-i-I-k-an-Xn-bnepw 1999ð ImÀKnð dnhyq I-½-än-bnepw AwKw. FUn-tä-gvkv KnðUv -Hm^v C´y-bpsS Øm]-I-cn-sem-cmÄ. bps\kvtIm cq]o-I-cn¨ aIvss{_Uv I-½o-j- \nð C´ysb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¨p. K{_n-tbð KmÀknb amÀt-¡kv DÄs¸-sS-bp-f-f-hÀ AwK-§-fm-bn-cpóp Cu I½o-j-\nð. Many Voices, One World Fó t]cnð I½o-j³ {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ dnt¸mÀ«v {]kn-²-am-Wv. am[y-a-kzm-X´yw apXð a\p-jym-h-Im-i-§Ähsc \oïpInS¡pó hen-sbmcp kmaq-ly-a-WvU-e-¯nð Gähpw

Warriors of the fourth Estate, Breaking the Big story : Great Moments in India in Journalism XpS§n-bh {][m-\-{K-Ù-§Ä.

_n.-Pn. hÀKokv

{Inbm-ß-Ihpw kÀKm-ß-I-hp-ambn CS-s]« ae-bm-fn-am-[ya{]hÀ¯-I-cn-sem-cmÄ Fó-\n-e-bnð hÀKokv {]k-à-\m-Wv. Waters of Hope, India's North-East Resurgent,

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cmjv{So-b-hn-{K-l-§-fpsS Gän-d-¡-§fpw DZ-bm-kvX-a-b-§fpw sXm«-Sp-¯p-\nóp t\m¡n-¡ï hÀKo-knsâ Bß-I-Y-bnð aämÀ¡p-an-ñm¯ angnhv Cµn-cm-Km-Ôn- ¡p-ïv. Cµn-c-s¡m¸w tPmen-sNbvXpw cmjv{So-b-¯nð Ahsc t\cn-s«-XnÀ¯pw t]mó-Imew hÀKokv lrZy-ambn HmÀ½n-s¨-Sp-¡p-óp. _rl-¯mb Hcp cmPy-¯nsâ k¦oÀ®-amb Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Ggp-]-Xn-äm-ïp-IÄ¡p km£yw hln¨pw AXnð ]e-\n-e-I-fnð CS-s]«pw kz´w PohnXw kmÀ°-I-am-¡nb Cu ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-Isâ Imew kzX-{´- C-´y-bpsSXsó Pohn-X-Im-e-ambn amdp-óp.

hÀKokv NtaentZhnP-bn³ ]p-c -kvImcw GÀs¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨v Ign-ª-e-¡-¯nð kqNn-¸n-¨n-cp-ótñm).

P\-Xm-K-h¬saânð Xsâ am[y-a- D-]-tZ-jvSm-hm-Im³ {][m-\-a{´n samdmÀPn-tZ-imbn hÀKo-kns\ \nÀ _-Ôn-¨p-sh-¦nepw At±lw AXn-\p- X-¿m-dm-bn-ñ. XpSÀóv cmPy-k-`-bn-te ¡v samdmÀPn hÀKo-kns\ \ma-\nÀ t±iw sNbvXp. P\-§Ä \ncm-I-cn¨ Xm³ B Øm\hpw kzoI-cn-¡nñ Fóp hÀKokv \ne-]m-sS-Sp-¯p (D]-{]-[m-\-a{´n Nc¬knwKv hÀKo-kn-s\-Xnsc hmZn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp). ]Icw amð¡w BZn-ti-j¿ cmPy- k-`-bn-se-¯n. F¦nepw \nc-h[n s]mXp-ta-J-em-Øm-]-\-§-fpsS `c-W-k-an-Xn-I-fn-te¡v kÀ¡mÀ hÀKo-kns\ \nb-an-¨p. tÌäv _m¦v Hm^v C´y, lUvtIm, {]km-À-`m-c-Xn... -F-ón-§s\. FUn-tä-gvkv KnðUv Hm^v C´y- Øm-]n-¡p-ó-Xnð ap³I-s¿-Sp¯ hÀKo-kv, C´ysb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn¨v bps\kvtIm cq]o-I-cn¨ ko³ aIvss{_Uv I½o-j-\nð Aw-K-am-IpóXpw CtX-Im-e-¯m-Wv.

1980ð Cµn-cm-KmÔn A[n-Im-c-¯nð Xncn-s¨-¯n. C´y³ FIvkv{]-knsâ ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-Im³ cmw\mYv tKmb¦ hÀKo-kns\ £Wn-¨p. ASn-b-´-cm-h-Øsb Gähpw [oc-ambn hnaÀin¨ APnXv `«m-Nm-cy, IpðZn]v \¿mÀ, Acp¬jqdn Xp-S-§n-b-hÀs¡m¸w hÀKokv FIvkv{]knsâ cïmw kphÀW-Im-e-¯n\p cq]w -\ðIn.

»qÌmÀ Hm¸-td-j-sâbpw Cµn-cm- h-[-¯n-sâbpw knJvIq-«-s¡m-e-bp-sS bpw cmPo-hv-Km-Ôn-bpsS DZ-b-¯n-sâ bpw kµÀ`-§Ä IqSp-Xð Iep-jn-X-amb C´y³ cmjv{So-b-¯n\p cq]w-\ðIn. sXc-sª-Sp-¸p-IÄ. ImivaoÀ. ]ôm-_v. hS-¡p-In-g¡³ kwØm-\ -§Ä. C´y I¯n-sb-cn-ª-Im-e¯n \v hÀKokpw C´y³ FIvkv{]kpw km£n-bm-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-óp. C´ym-N-cn-{X-¯nse Gähpw {]kn-²-amb `c-W-Iq-SA-gn-a-Xn-bpsS `qXs¯ IpSw

-Xp-d-óp-hn«v Nn{Xm-kp-{_-Ò-Wy³ cmPo-hvKm-Ôn-bpsS cmjv{So-b-h[w \nÀh-ln-¨-Imew ]nóo-Sp-h-cp-óp. XpS Àóv hn.-]n.-knw-Knsâ `cWw; aWvUð I½o-j³ dnt¸mÀ«nsâ Ime-hpw.

s\{lp-Ip-Spw_w thc-ä-tXmsS \c-knw-l-dm-hp-hnsâ Imew. ]cn-jvI-c-W-bp-Kw. BtKm-f-hð¡-c-W-¯nsâ km¼-¯n-I-\-b-§Ä asä-ñm-än-s\bpw Iog-S¡n. kam-´-c-ambn asäm-óp-IqSn kw`-hn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cpóp. lnµp-Xz-cm -jv{So-b-¯nsâ thcn-d-§ð. _m_vdn-a-kvPnZv XIÀ¯v, t_mwt_ I¯n-¨p-Nm-¼-em¡n sNt¦m-«-bnð Imhn-s¡m-Sn-]m-dn¨ lnµp-XzhmZw -Kp-P-dm-¯nð AXnsâ Imð\qämïv BtLm-jn-¨p. s\{lp-hnsâ Imew apXð hmPvt]-bn-bpsS Imew-hsc \nÀ_m[w XpSÀóp, am[y-a-{]-hÀ¯-\s¯ kmaq-ly-{]-Xn- _-²-X-bp-ff Hcp cmjv{Sob ZuXy-am bn Iï hÀKo-knsâ kao-]-\-§Ä. hntZ-i-\-b-§Ä, Bbp-[-¡-cm-dp-IÄ, h³InS ]²-Xn-IÄ, \Zo-P-e-XÀ¡-§Ä, Icm-dp-IÄ Fón-§s\ cmjv{S- ¯nsâ ]p\À\nÀ½m-W-¯n-\-v ASn-¯-d-sbm-cp-¡nb \m\m-hn[ kµÀ`-§Ä¡p ZrIvkm£n-bm-hpI am{X-añ hÀKokv sNbvX-Xv. am[y-a-[mÀ½n-IX DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¨p-sImïv kam-[m-\{]t£m`§Ä¡pw ]cn-Øn-Xn-{]-Øm-\- §Ä¡pw \yq\-]-£-t£-a-{]-hÀ¯-\-§Ä¡pw ap³K-W-\-\ðIn. hÀKo-b- I-em-]-§Äs¡-Xn-cmb Pm{KX C´y ³ cm-jv{Sob]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ ASn-¯-d-bm-sWóp sXfn-bn-¨p. {Kmao- W-hn-I-k-\-]-²-Xn-IÄ apXð h³ In-S-P-e-ssh-Zyp-X-]-²-Xn-IÄ hsc-bp-ffhbnð IWn-i-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Isf Sp¯p(\À½Zm ktcm-hÀ ]²-Xn-¡-\p-Iq-e-ambn hÀKokv ssIs¡mï kao-]\w Gsd NÀ¨-sN-¿-s¸« HómWv). BZn-hm-kn-t£-a-{]-hÀ¯-\-§Ä apXð kv{Xoap-tó-ä-§Ä hsc-bp-ffh Xsâ am[yaPohn-X-¯nsâ `mK-am-¡n-amän hÀKo-kv.

B[p-\nI C´y-bpsS am[y-a-\-b- cq-]o-I-c-W-k-an-Xn-I-fnð C{X-tað {Inbm-ß-I-ambn CS-s]« asämcp ae-bm-fn-]-{X-{]-hÀ¯-I-\n-ñ. ]{X-{]-

hÀ¯-\-cw-K¯p \nóv C{X-b-[nIw Dó-X-]-Z-hn-IÄ ssIsb-¯n-¸n-Sn¨ asäm-cp- a-e-bm-fn-bp-an-ñ. s\{lp-hn-b³ tkmjy-enkw apXð lnµp-Xz-tZ-io-b-X-hsc; BZn-hm-kn-t£aw apXð BtKm-f-hð¡-cWwhsc; ASn-b-´-cm-hØ apXð A´Àkw-Øm-\ -\-Zo-P-e-¡-cm-dp-IÄhsc; `c-W-L-S-\m-]-cn-jv¡m-c-§Ä apXð hwi-l-Xy-IÄhsc; Iayq-Wnkw apXð C´ym-þ-]mIv \b-X-{´-NÀ¨-IÄh-sc- þ -_n.-Pn.-hÀKo-knsâ am[y-a-Po-hnXw B[p-\n-I-C-´y-bpsS Ncn-{X-¯n-s\m ¸w ]SÀóp-]-´-en-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-óp.

cmjv{So-b-hn-{K-l-§-fpsS Gän-d-¡-§fpw DZ-bm-kvX-a-b-§fpw sXm«-Sp-¯p-\nóp t\m¡n-¡ï hÀKo-knsâ Bß-I-Y-bnð aämÀ¡p-an-ñm¯ angnhv Cµn-cm-Km-Ôn-¡p-ïv. Cµn-c-s¡m¸w tPmen-sNbvXpw cmjv{So-b-¯nð Ahsc t\cn-s«-XnÀ¯pwt]m ó-Imew hÀKokv lrZy-ambn HmÀ½n-s¨-Sp-¡p-óp. _rl-¯mb Hcp cmPy-¯nsâ k¦oÀ®-amb Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Ggp-]-Xn-äm-ïp-IÄ¡p km£yw hln¨pw AXnð ]e-\n-e-I-fnð CS-s]«pw kz´w PohnXw kmÀ°-I-am-¡nb Cu ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-Isâ Imew kzX-{´- C-´y-bpsSXsó Pohn-X-Im-e-ambn amdp-óp. hn.-BÀ.-Ir-jvW-¿À 1957-þse C.-Fw.-F-kv.-kÀ¡m-cnð hnZym-`ym-k-a-{´n-bm-bn-cp-óp(]pdw 62) Fón-§-s\-bp-ff Nne- {]-am-Z-§Ä hón-«p-sï-¦nepw AXn-hn-]p-e-amb Hcp Ime-¯nsâ AkwJyw Pohn-X-k-µÀ`-§Ä I¬ap-ón-se-ó-t]mse hÀ®n-¨m-hn-jv¡-cn-¨p-t]m-Ipó hÀKo-knsâ {KÙw Hm-tcm- am-[y-a-{]-hÀ¯-I\pw Hcp C´ym-N-cn-{X-]m-T- ]p-kvX-Iw-t]mse kq£n-¡m-hp-ó-Xm-Wv. hni-Z-amb ]Z-kqNn Hcp d^-d³jyð kz`m-hw-IqSn \ðIpóp Cu IrXn-¡v.

{ioi¦c kÀÆIemimebnð aebmfw

A[ym]I\mWv teJI³.

teJIsâ Cþsabvð:

shajijacob67@gmail.com

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BookshelfNew Books @ Academy Library

Writing for Academic SuccessGail Craswell, Megan PooreSAGE Publications264 pages; Price: Rs. 2100.00

Writing for Academic Success is a vital practical guide for any graduate student. The authors show you how to acquire communicative rigor in research essays, reports, book and article reviews, exam papers, research proposals, and literature reviews, through to thesis writing, posters and papers for presentation and publication. This Second Edition has been fully revised to reflect the online learning explosion. The authors provide insightful new material about how to work productively in different online contexts such as with blogs and wikis, setting up an e-portfolio, and raising an online profile. They also set out a focused guide to issues unique to digital communication, and working with and across different media and technologies.

Good Essay WritingPeter Redman, Wendy MaplesSAGE Publications184 pages; Price: Rs. 1280.00

This book sets out proven approaches and techniques which can help everyone write good essays. The authors focus on answering key questions students face when preparing essays – What do tutors look for when marking my essay? What kind of skills do I need as I progress through my course? How can I avoid inadvertent plagiarism? What are the protocols for referencing?

Encapsulated in easy to digest summaries, this new edition shows you how to approach different types of essay questions, addresses common worries, and provides extensive use of worked examples including complete essays which are fully analyzed and discussed. Each chapter also includes suggested further reading and an extensive glossary.

Good Essay Writing is highly recommended for anyone studying social sciences who wants to brush up on their essay writing skills and achieve excellent grades.

Doing Essays and AssignmentsPete GreasleySAGE Publications192 pages; Price: Rs. 1200.00

This book gives students an insider’s view of what professors are looking for when they set essays and assignments. As such it will be a vital purchase for any student seeking practical and effective guidance on how to write successful essays and other written assignment. Both lively and authoritative in equal measure, Doing Essays and Assignments: Essential Tips for Students leads its readers through all of the skills required for the process of essay and assignment writing at a number of levels. Pete Greasley finds the perfect balance between a humorous style which maintains the reader’s interest throughout and a comprehensive approach which highlights a wide range of specific practical tips that all students could benefit from.

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P\phcn 2013

thÄUv bq¯v \yqkv

temIsa¼mSpapÅ sk¡³Udn

kvIqÄ hnZymÀYnIÄ¡v ]{X

{]hÀ¯\ taJebnð hgnIm«nbmIm³

Dt±in¨pÅ sh_vsskämWv-

http://www.worldyouthnews.org. CâÀs\äv D]tbmKn¨v Adnhv

hÀ[n¸n¡pI Fó Dt±iyt¯msS

{]hÀ¯n¡pó CâÀ\mjWð

FPqt¡j³ B³Uv dntkmgvkv

s\-ävhÀ¡n(sF GÀ¬)sâ Hcp

kwcw`amWnXv. C´ybnepw sF GWn-

sâ {]hÀ¯\w Dïv.

14-þ19 {]mb]cn[nbnepÅhÀ¡v

CXnð Hm¬sse³ ]{X{]hÀ¯\

]cnioe\¯n\pw kuIcyapïv. AXv

hnPbIcambn ]qÀ¯nbm¡póhÀ¡v

Cu sskänð hmÀ¯IÄ

{]kn²oIcn¡m³ km[n¡pw. CXnse

teJ\§Ä kvIqÄ {]kn²oIcW

§Ä¡v kuP\yambn ]p\{]kn²o

Icn¡mw. CXnð ]cnioe\w t\Spó

hÀ¡v thÄUv bq¯v \yqknsâ

cmPym´c ]{X{]hÀ¯I kwL¯nð

AwKamhpIbpw sN¿mw.

kmwkvImcnIw, hnZym`ymkw,

]cnØnXn, BtcmKyw, sse^vkvssäð,

cm{ãobw, kvt]mÀSvkv, aÄSnaoUnb

Fón§s\bmWv- CXnse hnjb§Ä.

F¨v.Fkv.sP

bphm¡fpsSbpw hnZymÀYnIfpsSbpw ]{X{]hÀ¯\ anIhv hÀ[n¸n¡pI Fó e£yt¯msSbpÅ asämcp sh_vssk ämWv- sslkvIqÄ tPWenkw C\njn tbäohv(F¨v.Fkv.sP http://www.hsj.org).

GXp IcnbÀ sXcsªSp¡póhcm sW¦nepw Ahcnð tPWenkw Ignhv Dïm¡pI FóXmWv- X§fpsS e£y saóv sskäv hniZoIcn¡póp. bphm¡ Ä¡mbpÅ hmÀ¯IfpsS kuP\y Hm¬sse³ tlmÌnwKv, Iïâv amt\Pv saâv kwhn[m\w FónhbmWv- CXnse Hcp kp{][m\ kuI-cyw. my.hsj.org Fó sskänð hmÀ¯IÄ, t»mKv, t^mt«m, hoUntbm, HmUntbm Fónh {]kn²oIcn¡mw. tPWenkw kvIqÄ, {]mtZinI Øm]\§Ä¡v [\klm bw \ðIð XpS§nbhbmWv- CXnse aäp Nne {][m\ kuIcy§Ä.

tPWenkw hnZymÀYnIÄ¡p am{X añ, A[ym]IÀ¡pw {]^jWð ]{X {]hÀ¯IÀ¡pw Hcpt]mse klmbI amb [mcmfw en¦pIÄ Cu sskänð \nóp Isï¯mw. CXnse tPWenkw 101 Fó hn`mK¯nð F¯nIvkv, Ah Imi§Ä, {]mYanI ]cnioe\w, t^m t«m tPWenkw, Cet{ÎmWnIv tPW enkw, tPWenkw {Kq¸pIÄ Fónh Isï¯mw. AXns\ñmw ]änb en¦pI fpapïv. \yqkv enädkn Fó hn`mK ¯nð am[ya taJesb kw_Ôn¨ [mcmfw ]T\§Ä sImSp¯ncn¡póp. hmÀ¯m temIs¯ kw_Ôn¨ sKbn apIÄ, A[ym]IÀ¡pw hnZymÀYnIÄ ¡papÅ en¦pIÄ, tPWenk¯nsâ `mhn Fónh kw_Ôn¨ hniZ hnhc §Ä sskänð \nóp In«pw. tlmw t]Pnð \nómIs« SznäÀ ^oUpIÄ, hmÀ¯IÄ, t^mt«m, {Km^nIvkv XpS§n [mcmfw hn`h§Ä In«pw.

BtKmf am[yacwKs¯ ]pXnb {]hWXIfpw hmÀ¯Ifpw a\Ênem¡m\pXIpó anI¨ aoUnb sh_vsskäpIsf ]cnNbs¸Sp¯pIbmWv Cu ]wàn. am[yacwK¯v {]hÀ¯n¡póhÀ¡pw am[yahnZymÀ°nIÄ¡pw Hcpt]mse {]tbmP\{]Zambncn¡pw Cu sskäpIfnð \nópw e`n¡pó hnhc§Ä.

C.]n.jmPpZo³

\yqkv s\äv

FUnäÀ B³Uv ]»njÀ

]{X{]hÀ¯\ taJebpsS Fñm cwKs¯bpw ]än ]Tn¡pIbpw dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ Xbmdm¡pIbpw sN¿póXmWv- http://www. editorandpublisher.com. _nkn\kv, \yqkvdqw, ]ckyw, kÀ¡ptej³, amÀ¡änwKv, sSIvt\m fPn, Hm¬sse³, kn³Unt¡äv, Fón-hbmWv- sskänse {][m\ {]Xn]mZy hnjbw. 1884ð tPWenÌv Fó t]cnepÅ amknIbmbmWv- CXnsâ XpS¡w. 1901ð C B³Uv ]n cq]w sImïp. 2004ð CXp hoïpw amknI bmhpIbpw Hm¬sse³ {]kn²oIcWw DuÀPnXam¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

am[ya _nkn\kv kw_Ôn¨ hnjb§fmWv- CXnð IqSpXepw ]dbpI. AXn\mð, CXnse hmÀ¯IÄ IqSpXepw A¯cw e£yw h¨pÅXmIpw. am[ya _nkn\knsâ KuchXcamb [mcmfw ]T\§Ä CXnð Isï¯mw. {][m\ambpw Atacn¡³ _nkn\kv cwKw kw_Ôn¨pÅXmsW¦nepw aäp Øe§fnepw Ch D]Imc

{]ZamWv-.

awKfw Zn\]{X¯nsâ No^v \yqkv

FUnädmWv teJI³. teJIsâ

Cþsabvð: epshajudeen@gmail.com

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P\phcn 2013

A¡mZan hmÀ¯IÄ

ae¸pdw: kzmX{´ym\´c C´ybnð s]mXpP\¯n\v e`n¨ Gähpw ià amb Bbp[amWv hnhcmhImi \nb asaóv kwØm\ hnhcmhImi I½o jWÀ Fw.F³ .KpWhÀ²\³ ]d ªp. tIcf {]kv A¡mZan ae¸pdw {]kv ¢ºnsâ klIcWt¯msS \S¯nb am[yainev]ime DZvLmS\w sN¿pIbmbncpóp At±lw.

kÀ¡mÀ DtZymKØscbpw

Hmtcm Nn{Xhpw lrZbt¯mSv kwhZn¡póXmIWw:- cLpdmbv

sIm¨n: Hmtcm Nn{Xhpw lrZbt¯mSv kwhZn¡póXmIWsaópw tIhew at\mlmcnXbnð am{Xw HXp§cpsX ópw {]ikvX t^mt«m{Km^À cLp dmbv A`n{]mbs¸«p. _p²nbpw Adn hpañ hnImc§fmWv Hómw Øm\ ¯v Nn{XoIcnt¡ïsXóv At±lw ]dªp. tIcf {]kv A¡mZan ]{X t^mt«m{Km^ÀamÀ¡mbn kwLSn¸n ¨ "UnPnäð bpK¯nse t^mt«m tPÀWenkw' Fó {XnZn\ inev]ime DZvLmS\w sN¿pIbmbncpóp At±lw.

s{]m^jWenkw Xebv¡p]nSn ¨ C³t^msSbv³saâv bpKw tPÀW enk¯n\v Zpc´amWv k½m\n¡p óXv. apJw \ãamb \nch[n ]{X§

fmWv Ct¸mÄ Cd§pósXópw At± lw ]dªp. Hcp Nn{X¯n\v BtKmf am\w \ðIm³ IgnbpóXnemWv ]{Xt^mt«m{K^n hnPbn¡póXv. Hmtcm t^mt«mbv¡pw Bhiyamb CSw ]{X¯nð \ðIpóXn\mbn FUnäÀamtcmSv Ieln¡póXnepw Ipg¸anñ. {]knU³kn tlm«ense thZnbnð kwib§Ä¡v adp]Sntb IpIbpw A\p`h§fpsS Adnhv ]IcpIbpambncpóp cLpdmbv.

Xsâ "cLpdmbpsS C-´y dn-^vf £³kv C³ IfÀ' Fó ]pkvXIw At±lw {]kv A¡mZan sse{_dn¡v k½m\n¨p. A¡mZan kn{I«dn hn.Pn.tcWpI ]pkvXIw Gäphm-§n.

UnPnäð t^mt«m{Km^n bpKw

hnhcmhImi\nbaw iàamb Bbp[w: Fw.F³.KpWhÀ²\³

`cWm[nImcnIsfbpw D¯chmZn¯ t_m[apÅhcm¡n amän FóXmWv hnhcmhImi \nba¯nsâ henb Icp-¯v þ A±lw ]dªp. {]kv A¡mZan sNbÀam³ F³.]n.cmtP {µ³ A[y£X hln¨p. hnhcmh Imi \nbas¯ tIcf¯nse am[ya kaqlw thï hn[w D]tbmKs¸Sp ¯nbn«nsñóv At±lw ]dªp. s]m XpP\¯nsâ \nIpXn¸Ww sImïv

]gb Xeapdbv¡v A\yamsWópw ]pXnb Xeapd Gsd `mKyhmòmcm sWópw {]kv A¡mZan ap³ sNbÀ am\pw ap³ amXr`qan ]{Xm[n]cpamb hn.]n. cmaN{µ³ ]-dªp.

\yqaoUnb k¦ev]§Ä ]IÀóp \ðIm³ XpSÀópw inev]imeIÄ kwLSn¸n¡psaóv A²y£X hln ¨ {]kvA¡mZan sNbÀam³ F³.]n. cmtP{µ³ ]dªp. {]kv A¡mZanbp sS D]lmcambn Bdòpf I®mSn At±lw cLpdmbn¡v k½m\n¨p.

t^mt«m{Km^Àamcnse km[mcW ¡mc\pw km[mcW¡mcnse t^mt«m {Km^dpamWv a\pjyapJ§fpsS hnImcNn{X§Ä H¸nsbSp¯ cLp-dmbn Fóv Hm¬sse³ hnZKv[\mb B\µv ]mÀ°kmcYn ]dªp.

Hmtcm kwØm\¯pw Xsâ ap{Z ]Xn¸n¨ hyànbmWv cLpdmbnsb óv ]{X{]hÀ¯I³ sI.Fw. tdmbv A`n{]mbs¸«p. {]kv A¡mZan sk{I«dn hn.Pn. tcWpI kzmKXhpw FIv-kn.AwKw F³.cmtPjv- \µnbpw ]dªp. UbdÎÀ Fw. cmaN{µ³, FIv-knIyp«ohv AwKw F³. cmtPjv, eIvNdÀ tlaeX, Akn. sk{I«dn F³.]n. kt´mjv, hnhn[ t^mt«m {Km^ÀamÀ, aäp ]{X{]hÀ¯IÀ XpS§nbhÀ ]s¦Sp¯p.

B\µv ]mÀ°kmcYn, amXr`qan t^mt«m FUnäÀ cmP³ s]mXphmÄ, at\mca ap³ No^v t^mt«m{Km^À ]n.apkvX^, {^m³kn-kv s]tcc, ^ntdmkv _m_p, tPmkv Ip«n ]\¡ð FónhÀ ¢msÊSp¯p.

kÀ¡mÀ F´psN¿pópshó Ku-chamÀó At\zjWamWv \nbaw km[yam¡pósXópw At±lw ]dªp.

IeIväÀ Fw.kn.taml³Zmkv BiwkIÄ t\À-óp. "hnhcmhImi \nbaw km[yXIfpw ]cnanXnIfpw' Fó hjb¯nð BÀ.Sn.sF. s^U tdj³ P\dðkn{I«dn AUz.Un._n. _n\phpw AUz.ko\ _metKm]m epw ¢msÊSp¯p. tZim`nam\n \yqkv FUnäÀ sI.hn.Ipªncma³ kÀ«n ^n¡äpIÄ hnXcWw sNbvXp. {]kv ¢ºv {]knUâv kn.\mcmbW³ kzm-KXhpw kn{I«dn DadpÄ ^mdqJv \µnbpw ]dªp.

t^mt«m: Acp¬ Gbvôe

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P\phcn 2013

tUm. tcmlnXv t^mÀ

Uðlnbnð ^n\m³jyð FIvkv{]Ênse ImÀ«qWnÌmb tUm. tcmlnXv t^mÀ cNn¨ ImÀ«qWmWnXv. ]m¡nØm\nse cm{ãob Ac£nXmhØbmWv ImÀ«qWn\v hnjbambn«pÅXv. ]m¡nØm³ t\XrXzhpambn Hcp kw`mjWw \S¯Wsa¦nð kÀ¡mcnt\mtSm, aXXo{hhmZnItfmtSm, ]mIv NmckwLS\bmb sF.Fkv.sF.tbmtSm, ]mIv BÀantbmtSm Fó temI¯nsâ kwibamWv ChnsS ImÀ«qWnÌv {]ISn¸n¡póXv.

lcnbm\bnð P\n¨ tUm. tcmlnXv t^mÀ lnµn kmlnXy¯nemWv tUmÎtdäv t\Snbn«pÅXv. tcmlnXnsâ {]nbs¸« aäp taJeIÄ am\hnIþkmaqlyimkv{Xhpw {In¡äpamWv. 1987emWv Ct±l¯nsâ BZy ImÀ«q¬ {]kn²oIcn¡s¸SpóXv.

temIw Iï hc

A´Àt±iob am²yacwKs¯ {]ikvXamb ImÀ«qWpIsf ]cnNbs¸Sp¯pIbmWv Cu ]wànbnð. amXr`qan ImÀ«qWnÌv Bb tKm]oIrjvW\mWv Ch XncsªSp¯v AhXcn¸n¡póXv.

tKm]oIrjvWsâ Cþsabvð: cartoonistgopikrishnan@gmail.com

Printed and Published by V. G. Renuka, Secretary, On behalf of the Kerala Press Academy, Published from Kerala Press Academy, Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030; Printed at Sterling Print House Pvt Ltd, Edappally; Editor: N. P. Rajendran.

Media Monthly | January 2013 | ` 10/- | RNI Reg No. KERBIL/2000/1676