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• Meaning and Definitions
• Forms and Types of Tourism
• Difference between Tourist , Traveler and Excursionist
• Scope and Significance of Tourism
• A Framework of Tourism
UNIT-2 , Concepts of Tourism and its different types
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Tourism was given the status of an 'industry’ in
A. 1986
B. 1968
C. 1980
D. 1920
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Meaning and Definitions The Definition of Tourism varies source by source, person by person. There is no
consensus concerning the definition of tourism. Nearly every each institution
define "Tourism" differently. But When it comes to explain it with the basic
terms, we can sum it up as follows;
"Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries which
deliver a travel experience comprising transportation,
accommodation, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops,
entertainment businesses and the hospitality services provided for
individuals or groups traveling away from home"
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In India we see the origin of the concept of Tourism in Sanskrit
Literature. It has given us three terms derived from the root word
“Atana” which means going out and accordingly we have the
terms:
• Tirthatana – It means going out and visiting places of religious
merit.
• Paryatana - It means going out for pleasure and knowledge.
• Deshatana - It means going out of the country primarily for
economic gains.
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UNWTO Definition of Tourism
In order to prevent the disaccords to define "Tourism", UNWTO defined it asindicated below;
"Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and stayingin places outside their usual environment for not more than oneconsecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes."
Tourism is different from travel. In order for tourism to happen, there must bea displacement: an individual has to travel, using any type of means oftransportation (he might even travel on foot: nowadays, it is often the case forpoorer societies, and happens even in more developed ones, and concernspilgrims, hikers). But all travel is not tourism.
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Three criteria are used
simultaneously in order to
characterize a trip as belonging
to tourism. The displacement
must be such that;
It involves a displacement
outside the usual environment:
this term is of utmost
importance.
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Type of purpose: the travel must
occur for any purpose different from
being remunerated from within the
place visited: the previous limits, where
tourism was restricted to recreation
and visiting family and friends are now
expanded to include a vast array of
purposes;
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If someone is visiting any place for getting treated can it be called
tourism?
Yes
No
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Duration: only a maximal duration is
mentioned, not a minimal.
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Difference between Tourist, Traveler and
Excursionist
Travel refers to the activity of travellers. A ‘traveller’ is someone who moves
between different geographic locations for any purpose and any duration.
Travel within a country by residents is called domestic travel. Travel to a
country by non-residents is called inbound travel, whereas travel outside a
country by residents is called outbound travel.
Those who undertake travel, be it domestic, inbound or outbound, will be called
domestic, inbound or outbound travellers, respectively.
A trip refers to the travel by a person from the time of departure from his usual
residence until he/she returns: it thus refers to a round trip. A trip is made up of
visits to different places
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The travel of a person coming from America to India will be called as
……………… in India
A. Inbound Travel
B. Outbound Travel
C. Domestic Travel
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A ‘visitor’ is a traveller taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual
environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose (business, leisure or
other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the
country or place visited. These trips taken by visitors qualify as tourism
trips.Tourism refers to the activity of visitors.
A domestic, inbound or outbound traveller on a tourism trip is called a domestic,
inbound or outbound visitor, respectively.
Furthermore, the travel of domestic, inbound or outbound visitors is called
domestic, inbound or outbound tourism, respectively.
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Tourism is therefore a subset of travel and visitors are a subset of travellers.
These distinctions are crucial for the compilation of data on flows of travellers and
visitors and for the credibility of tourism statistics.
A visitor (domestic, inbound or outbound) is classified as a tourist (or overnight
visitor) if his/her trip includes an overnight stay.
Or as a same-day visitor (or excursionist) otherwise.
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Excursionists are
A. 1 day visitor
B. Same day visitor
C. 2 day visitor
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A family going for picnic from Mumbai to Lonavala in morning and
coming back in evening same day will be
A. Tourist
B. Visitor
C. Excursionist
D. Both Visitor and Excursionist
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Significance Of Tourism
Social Economical
Cultural Environmental
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Reasons for growth of Tourism?
Greater income
Paid holidays
Better means of transportation
All of the above
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The rapid pace of growth of this industry is directly linked with :
Greater disposable incomes with women entering the work force, which is
spent on recreation and leisure.
Employees in many organizations are entitled to a minimum number of days
paid leave per annum. LTA facility is given to the employees which covers self
and family.
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Social means?
A. relating to society or its organization.
B. relating to environment
C. relating to facebook and instagram
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In developing countries, the social exchange between the host country and the
foreign tourist occur.
It helps them to understand one another , not only in learning their languages
but also their culture.
It gives importance to community structure, family relationships, collective
traditional life styles, ceremonies and morality.
Social Significance
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Increase community facilities
Stimulate new and expanded community facilities and infrastructure initiatives,
such as the improvement of retail, restaurant and entertainment options, transport
services, education and sporting facilities.
Increase the quality of life for the community, which may not otherwise warrant
the improvement, based on the residential population alone.
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Economic Significance
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Economic Significance
Tourism is the one of the most important aspect for developing countries.
Both domestic and international tourism must be considered to evaluate the
impact of tourism on the economy.
The level of economic activities of the area shall increase through the sale of
products and services to the tourists.
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Conti…
Tourism provides foreign exchange without exporting anything out of the
country and it provides more stable earning for the country than any other
industry.
The income in the form of foreign exchange earning from an invisible exports
helps in off setting the loss if any.
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Cultural Significance
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Cultural Significance
Culture is about how people interact as observed through social interactions, social
relations and material artefact.
Cultural impacts of tourism refers to changes in the arts, artefacts, customs, rituals
and architecture of a people.
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The cultural significance of tourism that, it effects the host
communities of direct and indirect relations with tourists, and
of interaction with the tourism industry.
Other potential significance of tourism include:
–Tourism as a force for peace
– Strengthening communities
– Facilities developed for tourism can benefit residents
– Revaluation of culture and traditions
– Encourages civic involvement and pride
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Preservation of cultural heritage.
i.e. prompts the conservation of cultural heritage, either as a
result of increased awareness and pride, or because it can be justified on
economic grounds as a tourist attraction.
bring about a real sense of pride and identity to communities. By
showcasing distinct characteristics of their ways of life, history and
culture, and it also encourage the preservation of traditions.
Tourism provide cultural, social and economic knowledge about
other countries.
It provide wide knowledge about different countries of the world
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Improved environmental management and planning.
This requires careful planning for controlled development, based
on analysis of the environmental resources of the area.
Proper planning can reduce expensive mistakes , avoiding the
gradual destruction of environmental assets.
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Conti…
Tourism spread awareness of environmental problems when it
brings people into closer contact with nature and the
environment.
This also give awareness of the value of nature and lead to
environmentally conscious behaviour and activities to preserve
the environment.
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Pollution prevention and waste minimization
techniques are especially important in the tourism
industry.
Sustainable consumption is important for the long run
of tourism.
The tourism industry can play a key role in providing
environmental information and raising awareness among
tourists about environmental consequences.
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Protection and preservation-
Tourism can significantly contribute to environmental
protection, conservation and restoration of biological
diversity and sustainable use of natural resources.
Because of their attractiveness, pristine sites and
natural areas are identified as valuable and the need to
keep the attraction alive can lead to creation of
national parks and wildlife sanctuary.
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Significance to the tourist
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Types of Tourism
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Domestic-Within the country
Inbound- Foreigners incoming our country
Outbound- Outside the country
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Sam is from Delhi and he planned to travel to Manali with his family.
Which kind of tourism it will be?
A. Domestic
B. Inbound
C. Outbound
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An American is coming to see India for 15 days. He will be called as
……………….. Tourist for India and …………………. for America.
A. Outbound, Inbound
B. Domestic, Inbound
C. Inbound, Outbound
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Discussion
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Forms of tourism
Purpose of
Visit
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Purpose of Visit
Leisure
Religious
Cultural
Rural and many more
Business
Meeting
Incentive
Conference
Exhibitions
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Lets discuss about Leisure purposes first..
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Religious tourism
Travel to religious places
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Which of the following is an example of religious tourism?
A. Riya going to her Nani’s place in Amritsar
B. Riya going to visit Golden Temple, Amritsar to worship
C. Riya going to Golden temple just to experience culture around the temple.
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Sports tourism
To participate or witness sports
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Which will be the correct example of Sports tourism here?
A. As a physiotherapist you have to travel with Indian cricket team to Eden
gardens, Kolkata
B. As a spectator you are going to Eden gardens, Kolkata to witness India vs
Pakistan cricket match.
C. As a food vendor, you are going there to have stalls of your food.
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Cultural Tourism
Visiting to experience and
learn a country or region's
culture
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Hill Tourism
Visiting hill stations for
recreational purposes.
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Discussion
Name any 10 hill stations of South India.
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Wellness tourism
VFR tourism
Beach tourism
Medical tourism
Senior citizen tourism
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Now comes tourism for Business purposes……..
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Business tourism or business
travel is a more limited and focused
subset of regular tourism.
During business tourism (traveling),
individuals are still working and
being paid, but are doing so away
from both their workplace and
home.
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Business tourism is dominated by MICE tourism.
MICE is an acronym for “Meetings, Incentives, Conferencing,
Exhibitions“, or sometimes called “Meetings, Incentives,
Conferencing, Events”.
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Another form of tourism
Domestic, inbound and outbound basic forms of tourism can be in
turn being combined to derive three categories of tourism.
Internal Tourism: This comprises domestic and inbound tourism.
National Tourism: domestic and outbound tourism.
International Tourism: inbound and outbound tourism.
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Mass Tourism Vs Alternative tourism
Mass tourism is the act of visiting a leisure destination with large amounts of
people at one time. The development of mass tourism is parallel to the
development and improvements of technology.
Alternative tourism is an umbrella term for all forms of travels opposed to
mass tourism. A special attention is paid to economic, social, cultural and
environmental considerations. Alternative tourism aims to have a neutral or
positive impact on its destinations.
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Some emerging types of alternative tourism
Rail tourism:
Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC), a public sector
enterprise under Indian Railway, promotes rail tourism in India.
From luxury trains to steam locomotive trains, hill charters and Char Dham trains;
it offers the tourists with attractive options and at the reasonable costs. Maharaja
Express, Mahaparinirvan Express (Buddhist circuits), Bharat Darshan and Bharat
Tirth are some of its famous train journeys.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfeyBjAggpo
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Which of the following is luxury train of India?
A. Rajdhani Express
B. Palace on Wheels
C. Shatabdi Express
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Luxury train that originates and ends in South India is ?
A. Golden Chariot
B. Maharaja Express
C. Palace on Wheels
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Ethnic Tourism
Ethnic tourism is travelling for the purpose of observing the cultural expressions
of lifestyles of truly exotic people.
Such tourism is exemplified by travel to Panama to study the San Blas Indians or to
India to observe the isolated hill tribes of Assam.
Typical destination activities would include visits to native homes, attending
traditional ceremonies and dances, and possibly participating in religious rituals.
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Amisha visited Andamans to explore a particular tribal area. While her
visit she stayed for 2 days in one of their home to learn their way of
living. It will be called as
A. Cultural tourism
B. Ethnic tourism
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Heritage tourism
The National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States defines heritage
tourism as "traveling to experience the places, artifacts and activities that
authentically represent the stories and people of the past", and "heritage tourism
can include cultural, historic and natural resources".
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Dark tourism
Dark tourism (also Thana tourism, black tourism, morbid tourism or grief
tourism) has been defined as tourism involving travel to places historically
associated with death and tragedy.
The main attraction to dark locations is their historical value rather than their
associations with death and suffering.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUQuy6DsIZw
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Visiting Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar will be
A. Dark tourism
B. Leisure tourism
C. Heritage tourism
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Space Tourism
Space tourism is human space travel for recreational purposes.
There are several different types of space tourism, including orbital, suborbital and
lunar space tourism.
To date, orbital space tourism has been performed only by the Russian Space
Agency.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eH-xm9G9QBk
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A framework for tourism
Tourism is a composite phenomenon. It does not exist in isolation.
Tourism consists of certain components, among item three are
considered as basic components:-
Transport
Tourist Resource
Accommodation
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Another framework suggests following components. These are often
called as 5 A’s of tourism.
Attractions
Accommodation
Accessibility
Amenities
Activities
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Attractions
A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent
or exhibited cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, or
amusement opportunities.
Some examples include historical places, monuments, zoos, museums and art
galleries, botanical gardens, buildings and structures (e.g., castles, libraries,
former prisons, skyscrapers, bridges), national parks and forests, theme parks and
carnivals, ethnic enclave communities, historic trains and cultural events.
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Natural Attractions
Mountains
Beaches
Waterfalls
Caves
Valleys
Islands
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Man Made Attractions
Monuments
Temples, Mosques, Churches, Cathedrals
Forts
Palaces
Theme Parks
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Access
Transport is needed to physically move tourists from where they live to where they
are visiting. Globally, air transport dominates the movement of international visitors.
Modes of Transportation
1.Air
2.Water
3.Surface(Rail & Road)
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Accommodation
All destinations need accommodation nearby otherwise tourists will have nowhere
to sleep.
Many areas of Australia are blessed with excellent attractions and are readily
accessible but lack tourist accommodation.
TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS:
*COMMON ACCOMMODATION
*SUPPLEMENTARY ACCOMMODATION
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SUPPLEMENTARY ACCOMMODATION
Service Apartments
Camp Sites
House Boat
Ski Resorts
Health Resorts
Condominium
Casino
Cruise lines
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COMMON ACCOMMODATIONS
Hotels
Motels
Resorts
Farm Houses
Boarding & Lodgings
Cottages
Inns
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Amenities
Amenities are the services that are required to meet the needs of
tourists while they are away from home.
They include public toilets, signage, retail shopping, restaurants and cafes, visitor
centres, telecommunications and emergency services.
A range of amenities, support facilities and services are required by a tourist at a
destination.
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Touristic Infrastructure means the development of the accommodation sector,
transport system, tourist sports, travel agencies, tour operators, the entertainment
industry, arts and crafts, the souvenir industry, etc.
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Activities
Attractions are often supported by a range of activities.
For example, a beach attraction may have wind surfing, body surfing and surf
boarding activities, while a treetop walk attraction may have numerous trails
through the surrounding forest area for fauna and bird watching and botany
activities.
An Activity that refreshes, amuses and recreates; activity that renews your health
and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation.
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Cycling
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Island Camping
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Gymnasium
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Beach Volleyball
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Aerobics
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Massage
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Ballooning
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Skydiving
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Bungee Jumping
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Scuba Diving
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Rock Climbing
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Angling
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Transportation will come under which ‘A’ of tourism?
A. Accommodation
B. Accessibility
C. Attraction
D. Activity
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Which of the following can be an ‘attraction’?
A. Hill, Waterfalls, Beaches
B. Cricket Matches, Football Matches
C. Sunset and Sunrise
D. Festivals
E. All
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Transportation will come under which ‘A’ of tourism?
A. Accommodation
B. Accessibility
C. Attraction
D. Activity
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Which of the following can be an ‘attraction’?
A. Hill, Waterfalls, Beaches
B. Cricket Matches, Football Matches
C. Sunset and Sunrise
D. Festivals
E. All
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Sun Basking is example of
A. Activity
B. Amenity
C. Attraction
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Visitor centre at a particular destination will be an example of
A. Activity
B. Amenity
C. Attraction
