SAFETY IN AIRLINES

HARPREET A DE SINGH

HEAD – CORPORATE QUALITY, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

25 Oct 2013

Concept of safety

What is safetyWhat is safety

• Zero accidents (or serious incidents)?Zero accidents (or serious incidents)?

• Freedom from danger or risks?Freedom from danger or risks?

• Error avoidanceError avoidance

• Regulatory compliance?Regulatory compliance?

• … … ??

Board of Directors

Chairman and Managing Director

Joint Managing Director

Executive Directors /Departmental Heads

Functional Directors CVO

ORGANISATION

Accountable Manager

• Allocation of Resources

• Financial Control

• Post Holders

ORGANISATION CHARTORGANISATION CHART

Regular DGCA oversightRegular Flight Safety oversight

Regular QMS oversight

AIR INDIA -ENGINEERING

• FAA certified

• EASA certified

AIR INDIA -ENGINEERING

• FAA certified ( Engine Overhaul,

Accessories Overhaul )

• EASA certified ( Engine Overhaul,

Accessories Overhaul,Electronic Workshop )

• Line Maintenance (Singapore, Qatar, Kuwait)

Boeing

AIR INDIA -ENGINEERING

• FAA certified ( Jet Engine Overhaul,

JEOC)

• EASA certified ( Jet Engine Overhaul, JEOC)

• Line Maintenance (Sri Lanka, Singapore, Qatar,

Gulf, Jordan)

Airbus

AIR INDIA -SECURITY

• ISO certified

• BCAS certified

QMS

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

• Quality Management System (QMS) ensures continued suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the entire organisation .

–  To maintain an effective SMS and QMS complying with international standards and regulatory requirements.

– To ensure compliance with relevant statutory, quality, safety and security requirements (ICAO, DGCA, IOSA,ISAGO, EASA, FAA & all external / internal audits).

– Organisational and Operational Risk Management

– Quality and Safety Assurance Programme (Through Internal & External audits)

– Emergency Response, etc.

IOSA

FIRST– IOSA / ISAGO / E IOSA

• One of the first few airlines in the world and first in India to clear IOSA• First and only airline in India with ISAGO ( IATA Safety Audit for Ground Operations)• QMS Auditors represent IATA to audit ground service providers, as part of ISAGO Audit Pool, including those outside India

• ENHANCED IOSA• First Airline in the world to voluntarily get audited for E IOSA with new standards effective Sept 01, 2013, although mandatory from 2015 only• Cleared renewal IOSA on Sept 6, 2013 with zero findings

AIR INDIA QMS recently awarded International Quality Summit

Award(London) – 2012

International Quality Award to QMS (Geneva) 2013

QUALITY AWARDS

SMS

FLIGHT SAFETY

• Independent Department• Incident and Accident Prevention• Investigation• FOQA Analysis and DFDR Monitoring• Counselling• Trend Analysis• Safety Promotion

• SMS – Safety Risk Assessment, Hazard Analysis, Proactive and reactive, Risk Mitigation through a just culture

SMS CAR IMPLEMENTATION INVOLVES 4 PHASES( AUTH CAR SEC1, Sec C, PART I, DT 20th July 2010)

PHASE 1: +120 DAYS

PHASE 2: +1 YEAR Documentation & Implementation

PHASE 3: +2 YEAR Proactive & Reactive Hazard identification

PHASE 4 +3 YEARS Training, Quality assurance, ERP

AIR INDIA MEETS ALL BASELINE SMS REQUIREMENTS

CAR PHASE WISE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

ICAO and DGCA

SMS Organisation and relationships

Air India’ssafety

Programme(Corporate SMS)

AOP HoldersSafety

Management System (SMS)

AOP HOLDERSOPERATION

Objective:Public safetySafety policy & objectivesOrg. Safety Risk

Objective:Manage and controlOperational safety risk

AcceptanceOversight

Objective:Achieve commercialgoals andcustomer satisfactionRisk management

Safety assuranceSafety Promotion

Protection Production

Oversight - QMS(Quality and Safety assurance)

AIR INDIA LIMITED

CORPORATE

SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS MANUAL

SMS – Results in design and implementation of organizational processes and procedures to identify hazards and control / mitigate risks in aviation operation

QMS techniques provide a structured process for ensuring that these processes and procedures achieve their intended objectives and where they fail short to improve them.

OPERATIONS POLICY, MISSION AND

GOALS

The Airline Operations Policy and Mission is:

• Safety • On Time Performance • Courtesy• Passenger Comfort• Economy

TRAINING• Pilots• Flight Despatchers• Cabin Crew ( Safety training )

• Engineers• Technical Officers

• Ground Handling and Ramp Personnel• Cargo Personnel

• Load and Trim Staff• Security Staff

• Flight Safety• QMS

SAFETY IS THROUGH

• Training of cockpit crew• SEP training of cabin crew

• Use of modern full flight simulator

• Periodical proficiency checks

• Medical examination • Annual ground technical and flight safety

refreshers

• Sound operating policies

PROFICIENCY CHECKS - FLIGHT CREW

As per DGCA requirements, the pilots are required to undergo following mandatory proficiency checks annually (per year) for keeping their licences current:

a) 2 Licence Renewal Local Checks b) 1 Instrument Rating Check c) 2 Licence Renewal Route Checks

In addition to the above, pilots are required to undergo mandatory Ground Technical Refresher, Flight Safety Refresher and performance refresher on the type of aircraft once in a year and Dangerous Goods Refresher once in two years.

Based on DGCA approved syllabus.

• fully equipped classrooms and briefing rooms,

• training aids available:

1. Cockpit Procedure Trainer2. Simulators (B747-400, B777-300ER, B737-800, B787, A320)3. Safety & Emergency Procedures Mock-up4. Boeing 747 Door Trainer5. CBT - Work Stations6. Training Library7. TV/VCR, Video Cassettes & Films8. LCD Multimedia Projectors, Ceiling Mounts for Projectors with Drop Down Screens

TRAINING & FACILITIES

FUNCTIONS - TRAINING

• SAFETY through formulation of flight proficiency standards

• Adherence to requirements of DGCA

• Training of pilots, flight despatchers and cabin crew

• Training of Trainers - Check pilots / Instructors /Examiners - Operations Training Instructors ( Navigation) - Ground Technical Instructors

FUNCTIONS – TRAINING

• Maintaining records of all licences / validity

• Simulators and their maintenance

• Medical Coordination

• Corrective training based on Air Safety and DGCA audits and reports

TRAINING PERSONNEL

Examiners Instructors Check pilots Synthetic flight instructors Ground training instructors

Ground technical instructors Operations training instructors

AB-INITIO TRAINING OF PILOTSAB-INITIO TRAINING OF PILOTS

ORIENTATION COURSE FOR AB-INITIO PILOTSDuration - 6 to 8 weeksSubjects covered are :

Organisation of the Company

NavigationAir Regulations Jet OrientationGeneral

Performance

• Meteorology• Principles of

flight & Engines• Jeppesen• Flight Planning• Human Factors • C R M

AB-INITIO TRAINING OF PILOTSAB-INITIO TRAINING OF PILOTS

• Aircraft Specific Ground Training• Simulator Training• Aircraft Training for endorsement of Licence• Aircraft Route Training prior to release to operate

independently.

SPECIALIZED OPERATIONAL TRAININGSPECIALIZED OPERATIONAL TRAINING

MNPS Training RVSM Training ETOPS Training TCAS Training RNAV/ PBN Training Dangerous Goods

Training

Category II / III Training

LTOM Training Fuel Management

Training EGPWS Training Flight Planning Human Factors &

CRM Training

SPECIALIZED OPERATIONAL TRAININGSPECIALIZED OPERATIONAL TRAINING

ALAR Training Security Training Jeppessen Charts

Training FMS/IRS Training Air Regulations/

Operations Manual

Special Nav Ops Training

Train the Trainer Workshop

Adverse Weather Weight & Balance

Training

These trainings are also conducted as refreshers annually.

CRM TRAININGCRM TRAINING

This training is conducted for :• Flight Crew• Cabin Crew• Flight Despatchers

It is an integral part of classroom, simulator, refresher and command training.

HUMAN FACTORS Training – all operational, engineering and ground handling personnel

REFRESHERSREFRESHERS

All flight crew are required to undergo the following refreshers once a year :

• Ground Training Refresher/ Test• Flight Safety Refresher/ Test

CABIN ATTENDANT TRAININGCABIN ATTENDANT TRAINING

Emergency Duty / Flight Safety Training First Aid Course Dangerous Goods Training Human Factors and CRM Training Refresher Training - once a year Dangerous goods and wet drill - once in 2 years

DGCA Approval

FLIGHT DESPATCHER TRAININGFLIGHT DESPATCHER TRAINING

Basic Indoctrination Training Initial Training Conversion Training Human Factors and CRM Training Refresher Training - once every 2 years

DGCA approval

TRAININGTRAINING

AME Basic Indoctrination Training Initial Training Conversion Training Human Factors and CRM Training Refresher Training - once every 2 years

DGCA approval

The essential is invisible to the eyes

Number of occurrences

1 – 5 AccidentsAccidents

30 – 100 Serious incidentsSerious incidents

100 – 1000 IncidentsIncidents

1000 – 4000Latent conditionsLatent conditions

SafetySafety

Traditional approach – Accident preventionTraditional approach – Accident prevention Focus on outcomes (causes)Focus on outcomes (causes) Unsafe acts by operational personnelUnsafe acts by operational personnel Attach blame/punish for failures to “perform safely”Attach blame/punish for failures to “perform safely” Address identified safety concern exclusivelyAddress identified safety concern exclusively Identifies:Identifies:

WHAT?WHAT? WHO?WHO? WHEN?WHEN?

WHY?WHY? HOW?HOW?

But not always discloses:But not always discloses:

Modern Approach - Consider the WHY and HOW also and adopt SMS

Thank You and have a good day!!

AIR INDIA is fully committed to Safety