Safety- Mast Climbing

MAST CLIMBING SAFETY TRAINING

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Outline

• Opening Formalities• Introduction to Safety-Definitions and Concepts• Mast Climbing Accidents- “The Shattered Lives

Concept”• Mast Climbing Safety Fundamentals• Falling from Heights• Procedures, Tools and Techniques of Fall Protection • Fall Protection Equipment• Personal Protective Equipment and other Ancillary

Systems• Practical• Closing Formalities

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Opening Formalities

• Safety Brief & Facility Orientation

• Introductions

– Facilitators

– Participants

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Safety Brief & Facility Orientation

• Safety Brief– Muster Points– Emergency Equipment Locations– Emergency Coordinator– First Aid

• Facility Orientation– Rest rooms– Tea Break/Lunch Location

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Introducing

• Services

– Consultancy Services

• Training

• Safety Advisory

• Outsourced Safety Process Management

– Technical Manpower Provision Services

– Supply Chain Management/ Equipment Procurement

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Meet our Facilitator

Adebiyi Adeosun HSE Engineer and Consultant (18 yrs)• BSc. Chemical Engineering• MSc. Petroleum Engineering• Trains over 20 various HSE related courses• Conducted over 25 HSE related oil/gas and

non oil/gas studies and assessments

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“EVERYWEEKONEOF USDIES”

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Shattered Lives!

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Shattered Lives Campaign

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Background

• Around half of major injuries from falls occur

during building or plant maintenance (more than

1,500 last year)

• Falls are the main cause of workplace fatality. 45

dead last year

• Slips, trips and falls account for more than a third

(38%) of all major workplace injuries 12

Shattered Lives Campaign

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Tom’s Life Shattered

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Serious Injury

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A Bad Safety Record Hits Profits

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Look at the Risks

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Avoid Work at Height where Possible

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Competence is Key

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You don’t Have to Fall Far to Land Hard

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What Next?

• This is what we are doing as a company

– Reviewing risk assessment/ method statements

– Training/ re-training our workers

– Getting new, safer access equipment

– Looking at where we can improve housekeeping to stop trips

• What more could we do to prevent trips and falls?

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Mast Climbing Safety

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How Wireless Communications WorkCellular radio telephones, also known as cell phones, communicate by sending radio signals to a cell tower. Each cell tower has a certain range within which it can receive the radio signals. The range of each tower overlaps with that of another tower so as a mobile cell phone user travels, communication is uninterrupted.

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Mast

What are mast?

Tall vertical tower made of metals usually used in the telecommunication and television/radio business to support the transfer of signals.

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General Structure of the Mast –

Schematic (not drawn to scale)

Foundation

Lower Mast less than 2 metres

Middle Mast less than 10 metres

Upper Mast > 10 metres

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Mast Climbing Issues – Working at Height!

• Working conditions.

• Distance to be negotiated for access and egress.

• Distance and consequences of a fall.

• Duration and frequency of use.

• Evacuation and rescue..

• Additional risk posed by the installation and removal

of work equipment.

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Definition

• Work in any place where, if precautions were not taken, a person(s) could fall down and injure themselves.

• Including,– Work above ground level– Could fall from an edge, through an opening or

fragile surface– Could fall from ground level into an opening in a

floor or hole in the ground;

What is Working at Heights?What is Working at Heights?

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Hazards & Injuries

• Sudden acceleration or deceleration• Openings or holes are not protected or identified• Hand grip is lost• Over reaching• Loss of balance• Open edges are not protected• Ladders are used incorrectly• Slip or trip• Struck by a moving or falling object

Factors which can cause a fallFactors which can cause a fall

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Hazards & Injuries

• Range from simple sprain or impact to death

• June 2008, a Lloyds senior surveyor, while ascending the aft vertical ladder aboard a vessel, just 1.5m above the top stringer of a water ballast tank, fell from the vertical ladder to the lower string.

• As a result he received multiple internal injuries

• Rescued by Fire and Rescue services and taken to local Hospital

• Pronounced dead on arrival.

InjuriesInjuries

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Hazard Control

Hierarchy of ControlHierarchy of Control

1. Elimination

2. Substitution

3. Engineering Controls

4. Segregation

5. Reduction in PersonnelTime / Exposure

6. Personal Protective Equipment

Inhe

rent

Saf

ety

Dec

reas

es

1. Elimination

2. Substitution


4. Segregation



1. Elimination

2. Substitution


4. Segregation



Inhe

rent

Saf

ety

Dec

reas

es

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Common Causes of Falls from Tower Scaffolds

• The barrier or gate is not closed or locked and the worker slips or trips and falls through the gap.

• The worker misses a step or slips on accessing or getting down.

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Checking Your Mast Ladder

• Check the welding on the staging and guard rails.

• Check the platform and trap door on the tower.

• Check any rivets are in place and are not damaged.

• Can the gate on the podium be closed securely?

• Check the braces are in good condition and not bent or corroded.

• Check the brace claws work properly.

If you use a tower of over 2 metres on a site, itmust be inspected every seven days.

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Using the Mast Ladder

• Never over reach while climbing a mast ladder

• Can you get in and out of the platform safely?

• Put tools and materials in a carrier bag where possible.

• Always close and lock the gate or trap before starting work.

• Do not climb or lean on the guard rails.

• Wear the right footwear and make sure the soles are clean.

• Before moving, check for overhead hazards.37

Mast Climbing Hazards

• Slip

• Fall

• Falling objects

• Caught in between structures

• Electricals

• Environment

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Common Types of Injuries

• Cut• Broken Bones and Limbs• Slip disc• Dislocation• Bleeding• Electrocution• Fainting• Deaths

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Work at Height

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Organisation, Planning, Competence

Work at height should be– Properly planned– Appropriately supervised– Not carried out if weather conditions jeopardise

health and safety

Those working at height should be– competent or if being trained supervised by a

competent person

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Risk Assessment

• Do a risk assessment

• What is the altitude – The higher the altitude, the

higher the severity in terms of consequences

• What is the duration of the activity?

• How many people are working at height?

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Control MeasuresEvery activity involving Mast Climbing must be:

Be approved through a Permit to Work System Supervised by the Site Safety Officer An inspection of the system must be carried out and certified safe Personal Protective Equipment must be provided All necessary precautions must be put in place including emergency response

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Avoid - Prevent - Minimise

Avoid work at height

if you don’t have to go up there DON’T!

Prevent falls

Use the most suitable way of working

Select the most suitable equipment

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Avoid – Prevent - Minimise

Minimise the distance and consequences

• Minimise the consequences

• Take other measures to prevent injury e.g.

instruction, information and training

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Select the Right Work Equipment

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Select the Right Work Equipment

Collective protection before personal protection

• Select guardrails/working platforms before personal fall prevention (e.g. work restraint)

• Select nets/airbags before personal fall arrest

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Types of Work Equipment

• Guardrails

• Nets/Airbags

• Personal Fall Protection systems

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Collective Prevention

Edge protection49

Collective Fall Arrest

Nets

Air bags

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Personal Fall Arrest

Fall Arrest

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Others

Avoid risks from Fragile Surfaces Prevent Falling Objects Warn about Danger Areas Inspect work equipment Persons at work should

• Follow instructions and training• Advise employer of hazards/risks to health

and safety

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Warning Notices

Warning notices for fragile surfaces

• Affix prominent warning notices at approaches

to fragile surfaces

• Where this is not reasonably practicable,

persons should be made aware

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Key Messages

• If you follow good practice you should be doing

enough to comply

• Do a risk assessment, plan and organise your work

properly

• Follow the hierarchy: avoid – prevent – minimise

• Choose the right equipment - select collective

protection before personal

• Guide supported by Industry Specific Guidance.54

Fall Protection

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Safety Belts Vs Full Body Harness

• Safety Belts– Positioning devices only– May cause abdominal injuries if used in a fall

• Full Body Harness– Distributes the force of a fall across the

buttocks and is less likely to cause internal injuries

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Fall Arresting Components

• Lanyard– Length may vary depending on tie-off points,

but must restrict fall to four feet or less

– Must sustain 5,000 pounds (2273 kg) force, self retracting 3,000 (1364 kg) pounds of force

– Must be attached to the back of the harness

– Must be attached using double locking hooks

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Only a dummy will climb a mast without a harness !

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Fall Arresting Components

• Fall Brakes

– Designed to absorb shock during falls so that injuries are prevented or reduced

– Various types, with the most popular being webbing stitched back on itself

– Should be positioned closest to the harness end of the lanyard

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Inspection and Maintenance

• The worker using the fall protection system must

inspect components prior to each use

• Damaged, defective, or equipment subjected to a

fall must be removed for service

• Proper care and storage

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Rescue

• Prolong suspension may cause circulatory & breathing problems

• A Rescue Plan must be developed to assure speedy recovery

• Specialized Equipment & Training

• Equipment on location

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Planning for Emergencies and Rescue

• Proportionate to the risk

• Reasonably foreseeable situations such as stuck equipment, deployed fall arrest, fall into water

• Suspension trauma

• Do not rely on the fire brigade

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Suspension Trauma

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What Does this Mean in Practice for Workers?

• Know what the equipment they are using is

designed to do

• Understand what checks need to be done before use

• How equipment should be stored, maintained and formally inspected

• They are able to recognise safe and unsafe situations

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Mitigate the Consequences of a Fall

• When fall prevention is not reasonably practicable

provide work equipment to

- Minimise the distance and consequences, or

- When its not reasonably practicable to minimise the distance, the consequences should still be minimised

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Hazard Control

• Edge protection

Physical BarriersPhysical Barriers

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Hazard Control

• Covers

Physical BarriersPhysical Barriers

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Hazard Control

Equipment can include,

• Harness• Lanyard• Energy absorbing lanyard (or shock

absorber)• Fall arrest Block/winch retriever• Life line

Personal Fall ProtectionPersonal Fall Protection

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Hazard Control

Vertical travel system


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Hazard Control

Horizontal travel system


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Hazard ControlPersonal Fall ProtectionPersonal Fall Protection

Work Restraint

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Work Position

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Fall Arrest

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Hazard Control

• FALL FACTOR 0 – anchorage point is located above the head so that the lanyard is kept taut above the worker.

• FALL FACTOR 1 – anchorage point is level with or slightly above the dorsal attachment on the harness.

• FALL FACTOR 2 – anchorage point is below the dorsal attachment on the harness or by the feet of the worker.

Fall FactorsFall Factors

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Hazard ControlFall FactorsFall Factors

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Questions & Answers

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Documents

Safety- Mast Climbing