sagangebo situaciebze sagangebo situaciebze samedicino … · 2019-09-17 · aseve, saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebiT (1949 wlis 12 agvistos Jenevis konvencia, damatebiTi oqmi #1,

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sagangebo situaciebze sagangebo situaciebze sagangebo situaciebze sagangebo situaciebze

samedicino reagirebis safuZsamedicino reagirebis safuZsamedicino reagirebis safuZsamedicino reagirebis safuZvvvvlebilebilebilebi

2012

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sarCevisarCevisarCevisarCevi

1.1.1.1. sagangebo situaciebis marTvisa (ssm) da sagangebo situaciebis marTvisa (ssm) da sagangebo situaciebis marTvisa (ssm) da sagangebo situaciebis marTvisa (ssm) da samoqalaqo Tavdacvix safuZvlebisamoqalaqo Tavdacvix safuZvlebisamoqalaqo Tavdacvix safuZvlebisamoqalaqo Tavdacvix safuZvlebi

2. sagangebo viTarebaTa Sefaseba sagangebo viTarebaTa Sefaseba sagangebo viTarebaTa Sefaseba sagangebo viTarebaTa Sefaseba

3. sagangebo situaciebis marTvis fsigologiuri asagangebo situaciebis marTvis fsigologiuri asagangebo situaciebis marTvis fsigologiuri asagangebo situaciebis marTvis fsigologiuri aspeqtebispeqtebispeqtebispeqtebi

4.4.4.4. ssmssmssmssm----s samedicinos samedicinos samedicinos samedicino samsaxuris formirebebisa da samsaxuris formirebebisa da samsaxuris formirebebisa da samsaxuris formirebebisa da dawesebulebebis momarageba samedicino dawesebulebebis momarageba samedicino dawesebulebebis momarageba samedicino dawesebulebebis momarageba samedicino

sanitarulsanitarulsanitarulsanitarul----sameurneo da specialuri masalebiT da saSualebebiT; sameurneo da specialuri masalebiT da saSualebebiT; sameurneo da specialuri masalebiT da saSualebebiT; sameurneo da specialuri masalebiT da saSualebebiT; ssssssssaaaaaaaaqqqqqqqqaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrTTTTTTTTvvvvvvvveeeeeeeelllllllloooooooossssssss

SSSSSSSSrrrrrrrroooooooommmmmmmmiiiiiiiissssssss,,,,,,,, jjjjjjjjaaaaaaaannnnnnnnmmmmmmmmrrrrrrrrTTTTTTTTeeeeeeeelllllllloooooooobbbbbbbbiiiiiiiissssssssaaaaaaaa ddddddddaaaaaaaa ssssssssoooooooocccccccciiiiiiiiaaaaaaaalllllllluuuuuuuurrrrrrrriiiiiiii ddddddddaaaaaaaaccccccccvvvvvvvviiiiiiiissssssss ssssssssaaaaaaaammmmmmmmiiiiiiiinnnnnnnniiiiiiiissssssssttttttttrrrrrrrroooooooossssssss rrrrrrrroooooooolllllllliiiiiiii ((((((((ffffffffuuuuuuuunnnnnnnnqqqqqqqqcccccccciiiiiiiiaaaaaaaa 66666666))))))))

sagangebo situaciebsagangebo situaciebsagangebo situaciebsagangebo situaciebis marTvis erTian sistemaSi;is marTvis erTian sistemaSi;is marTvis erTian sistemaSi;is marTvis erTian sistemaSi;

5. sagangebo situaciebSi mosaxleobis dacvis ZiriTadi principebi da xerxebisagangebo situaciebSi mosaxleobis dacvis ZiriTadi principebi da xerxebisagangebo situaciebSi mosaxleobis dacvis ZiriTadi principebi da xerxebisagangebo situaciebSi mosaxleobis dacvis ZiriTadi principebi da xerxebi

6. sagangebo situaciebi sagangebo situaciebi sagangebo situaciebi sagangebo situaciebi ---- safrTxeebis, riskebis da dazianebebis gavrcelebis rukebi, safrTxeebis, riskebis da dazianebebis gavrcelebis rukebi, safrTxeebis, riskebis da dazianebebis gavrcelebis rukebi, safrTxeebis, riskebis da dazianebebis gavrcelebis rukebi,

maTi eleqtronuli versiebi, wakiTxva da gamoyeneba konkretuli samedicino maTi eleqtronuli versiebi, wakiTxva da gamoyeneba konkretuli samedicino maTi eleqtronuli versiebi, wakiTxva da gamoyeneba konkretuli samedicino maTi eleqtronuli versiebi, wakiTxva da gamoyeneba konkretuli samedicino

dawesebulebebisaTvis;dawesebulebebisaTvis;dawesebulebebisaTvis;dawesebulebebisaTvis;

7.7.7.7. dazianebuli mosaxleobis samedicinodazianebuli mosaxleobis samedicinodazianebuli mosaxleobis samedicinodazianebuli mosaxleobis samedicino----saevakuacio uzrunvelyofasaevakuacio uzrunvelyofasaevakuacio uzrunvelyofasaevakuacio uzrunvelyofa

8.8.8.8. qimiuri,/imiuri,/imiuri,/imiuri,/radiaciuli incidentebiradiaciuli incidentebiradiaciuli incidentebiradiaciuli incidentebi

9.9.9.9. pirveli daxmarebis anbanipirveli daxmarebis anbanipirveli daxmarebis anbanipirveli daxmarebis anbani////sicocxlissicocxlissicocxlissicocxlis gadarCenis bazisuri algoriTmigadarCenis bazisuri algoriTmigadarCenis bazisuri algoriTmigadarCenis bazisuri algoriTmi ---- BLS

tramvatramvatramvatramva/Wriloba/sisxldena/Wriloba/sisxldena/Wriloba/sisxldena/Wriloba/sisxldena prehospitalur etapze prehospitalur etapze prehospitalur etapze prehospitalur etapze

10.10.10.10. sxvadasxva gareganisxvadasxva gareganisxvadasxva gareganisxvadasxva garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebifaqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebifaqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebifaqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebi

damwvrobadamwvrobadamwvrobadamwvroba/eleqtrotramvaeleqtrotramvaeleqtrotramvaeleqtrotramva////wyalSi daxrCobawyalSi daxrCobawyalSi daxrCobawyalSi daxrCoba////nakbeninakbeninakbeninakbeni

11.11.11.11. sxvadasxva garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebsxvadasxva garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebsxvadasxva garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebsxvadasxva garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebiiii temperaturis temperaturis temperaturis temperaturis

zemoqmedebazemoqmedebazemoqmedebazemoqmedeba////mowamvlamowamvlamowamvlamowamvla

12.12.12.12. sicocxlisaTvis saxsicocxlisaTvis saxsicocxlisaTvis saxsicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo gadaudebeli mdgomareobebi/ifaTo gadaudebeli mdgomareobebi/ifaTo gadaudebeli mdgomareobebi/ifaTo gadaudebeli mdgomareobebi/ddddazianebulis gamoyvana azianebulis gamoyvana azianebulis gamoyvana azianebulis gamoyvana

Znelad misadgomi adgilebidanZnelad misadgomi adgilebidanZnelad misadgomi adgilebidanZnelad misadgomi adgilebidan

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Tema Tema Tema Tema №1

sagangebo situaciebis marTvisa (ssm) da sagangebo situaciebis marTvisa (ssm) da sagangebo situaciebis marTvisa (ssm) da sagangebo situaciebis marTvisa (ssm) da samoqalaqo Tavdacvix safuZvlebisamoqalaqo Tavdacvix safuZvlebisamoqalaqo Tavdacvix safuZvlebisamoqalaqo Tavdacvix safuZvlebi

samoqalaqo Tavdacva da misi amocanebisamoqalaqo Tavdacva da misi amocanebisamoqalaqo Tavdacva da misi amocanebisamoqalaqo Tavdacva da misi amocanebi

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi arsebobs sagangebo situaciebis Tavidan acilebis,

am situaciiT gamowveuli Sedegebis likvidaciis erTiani sistema (SemdgomSi

sistema).

qveynis Tavdacvisunarianobis ganmtkicebis saqmeSi sagangebo situaciebis

marTvisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis erTiani sistemis roli da amocanebi didze

didia, misi arsi ganisazRvreba:

_ qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikuri xasiaTiT;

_ mTavrobis sagareo da saSinao politikiT;

_ im omis politikuri SinaarsiTa da xasiaTiT, romelsac saxelmwifo

awarmoebs;

_ mosalodneli stiqiuri ubedurebebis xasiaTiTa da moculobiT.

samoqalaqo Tavdacva saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi socialur da TavdacviT samoqalaqo Tavdacva saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi socialur da TavdacviT samoqalaqo Tavdacva saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi socialur da TavdacviT samoqalaqo Tavdacva saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi socialur da TavdacviT

RonisZiebaTa sistemis SemadgeRonisZiebaTa sistemis SemadgeRonisZiebaTa sistemis SemadgeRonisZiebaTa sistemis Semadgeneli nawilia, romelic igegmeba da xorcieldeba neli nawilia, romelic igegmeba da xorcieldeba neli nawilia, romelic igegmeba da xorcieldeba neli nawilia, romelic igegmeba da xorcieldeba

mSvidobianobisa da omis dros mosaxleobis dasacavad, ekonomikis obieqtebis mSvidobianobisa da omis dros mosaxleobis dasacavad, ekonomikis obieqtebis mSvidobianobisa da omis dros mosaxleobis dasacavad, ekonomikis obieqtebis mSvidobianobisa da omis dros mosaxleobis dasacavad, ekonomikis obieqtebis

stabiluri funqcionirebis SesanarCuneblad da agreTve dazianebis kerebSi stabiluri funqcionirebis SesanarCuneblad da agreTve dazianebis kerebSi stabiluri funqcionirebis SesanarCuneblad da agreTve dazianebis kerebSi stabiluri funqcionirebis SesanarCuneblad da agreTve dazianebis kerebSi

samaSvelo da sxva saxis gadaudebeli samuSaoebis Casatareblad.samaSvelo da sxva saxis gadaudebeli samuSaoebis Casatareblad.samaSvelo da sxva saxis gadaudebeli samuSaoebis Casatareblad.samaSvelo da sxva saxis gadaudebeli samuSaoebis Casatareblad.

samoqalaqo Tavdacvis ZiriTadi amocanebia:

1.1.1.1. mosaxleobismosaxleobismosaxleobismosaxleobis dacvadacvadacvadacva stiqiuristiqiuristiqiuristiqiuri ubedurebebis,ubedurebebis,ubedurebebis,ubedurebebis, avariebisaavariebisaavariebisaavariebisa dadadada

katastrofebisagan,katastrofebisagan,katastrofebisagan,katastrofebisagan, aseveaseveaseveaseve omianobisomianobisomianobisomianobis periodSiperiodSiperiodSiperiodSi rararara iaraRiciaraRiciaraRiciaraRic arararar undaundaundaunda iyosiyosiyosiyos

gamoyenebuligamoyenebuligamoyenebuligamoyenebuli mowinaaRmdegismowinaaRmdegismowinaaRmdegismowinaaRmdegis mier;mier;mier;mier;

2.2.2.2. samaSvelosamaSvelosamaSvelosamaSvelo dadadada sxvasxvasxvasxva gadaudebeligadaudebeligadaudebeligadaudebeli samuSaoebissamuSaoebissamuSaoebissamuSaoebis Catareba,Catareba,Catareba,Catareba, dazaraledazaraledazaraledazaralebulibulibulibuli

mosaxleobisaTvismosaxleobisaTvismosaxleobisaTvismosaxleobisaTvis daxmarebisdaxmarebisdaxmarebisdaxmarebis aRmoCena;aRmoCena;aRmoCena;aRmoCena;

3.3.3.3. ekonomikis obieqtebisa da dargebis mdgradobis amaRleba; (es sakiTxi ekonomikis obieqtebisa da dargebis mdgradobis amaRleba; (es sakiTxi ekonomikis obieqtebisa da dargebis mdgradobis amaRleba; (es sakiTxi ekonomikis obieqtebisa da dargebis mdgradobis amaRleba; (es sakiTxi

ganxilulia Tema 3.ganxilulia Tema 3.ganxilulia Tema 3.ganxilulia Tema 3.---- is sagangebo situaciebis dros kritikuli infrastruqturis is sagangebo situaciebis dros kritikuli infrastruqturis is sagangebo situaciebis dros kritikuli infrastruqturis is sagangebo situaciebis dros kritikuli infrastruqturis

dacvis safuZvlebSi). dacvis safuZvlebSi). dacvis safuZvlebSi). dacvis safuZvlebSi).

xolo ZiriTadidan gamomdinareobes aseve Semdegi amocanebi:

4. sasoflo-sameurneo cxovelebis, mcenareebis, sursaTis, sakvebis, wylis

sacavebisa da wyliT mommaragebeli sistemebis dacva radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da

baqteriologiuri dazianebisagan; mowamvlisa da daavadebaTa Sedegebis

likvidaciis RonisZiebebis Catareba;

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5. sagangebo situaciebis Sedegebis salikvidacio Zalebis Seqmna, maTi

aRWurva da mudmivi mzadyofna;

6. mosaxleobis sayovelTao aucilebeli swavleba stiqiuri ubedurebebis,

avariebisa da katastrofebisagan TavdacvisaTvis, aseve moqmedeba mowinaaRmdegis

Tavdasxmis Sedegebis likvidaciisaTvis;

7. marTvis punqtebis, Setyobinebebisa da kavSirgabmulobis sistemisa da

saSualebebis Seqmna da mudmivi mzadyofna; radiaciul, qimiur da baqteriologiur

dazianebebze meTvalyureoba da kontroli, aseve mosaxleobis informireba

mosalodneli ubedurebebis SemTxvevaSi.

sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebo situaciebissituaciebissituaciebissituaciebis marTvismarTvismarTvismarTvis erTianierTianierTianierTiani saxelmwifosaxelmwifosaxelmwifosaxelmwifo sistemasistemasistemasistema

qveyanaSi sagangebo situaciebisagan mosaxleobisa da teritoriis dacvis

RonisZiebebis organizebisa da marTvis uzrunvelsayofad funqcionirebs

sagangebo situaciebis Tavidan acilebis, am situaciiT gamowveuli Sedegebis

likvidaciis erTiani sistema. igi warmoadgens saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier

gansazRvrul saministroTa, maTi mmarTvelobis sferoSi Semaval saxelmwifo

saqveuwyebo dawesebulebaTa da sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirTa erTobliobas,

romelTa mizania sagangebo situaciis Tavidan acileba, xolo misi warmoqmnis

SemTxvevaSi - sagangebo situaciiT gamowveuli Sedegebis likvidacia, mosaxleobis

usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa, ekonomikis obieqtebisa da bunebrivi garemos dacva

da materialuri zianis Semcireba.

sagangebo situaciiT gamowveuli Sedegebis likvidacias axorcieleben

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo xelisuflebis, afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiuri

respublikebis saxelmwifo xelisuflebisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis

organoebi, agreTve iuridiuli pirebi, romelTa faqtobriv mflobelobaSi

arsebul teritoriazedac maTive braleulobiT warmoiqmna sagangebo situacia,

maT xelT arsebuli sagangebo situaciebze reagirebis Zalebisa da saSualebebis

gamoyenebiT. Tu aRniSnuli ZalebiTa da saSualebebiT SeuZlebelia sagangebo

situaciiT gamowveuli Sedegebis likvidacia, salikvidacio RonisZiebebSi

monawileoben erTian sistemaSi Semavali Sesabamisi organoebi.

policia, saxanZro-samaSvelo Zalebi, samedicino daxmarebis brigadebi

pirvelebi midian incidentis adgilze, amitom maTi mxridan saWiroa drouli da

mizanmimarTuli reagireba.

saqarTvelos prezidenti sagangebo situaciebisagan mosaxleobisa da

teritoriis dacvis sferoSi uzrunvelyofs saxelmwifo politikis

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ganxorcielebas, gamoscems Sesabamis samarTlebriv aqtebs sagangebo

situaciebisagan mosaxleobisa da teritoriis dacvis sferoSi.

rodesac qveyana cxovrobs Cveulebrivi ritmiT da ar arsebobs sagangebo

situaciebis warmoSobis gaZlierebuli riski, sagangebo situaciebis marTvis

erTiani sistemis ZiriTad amocanebs warmoadgens: mosaxleobis swavleba,

ekonomikis obieqtebze treningebis mowyoba da ss-Si moqmedebis wesebisa da

krizisebis marTvis sferoSi mecadineobebis organizeba-Catareba; administraciuli

marTvis yvela doneze mitigacia, monitoringi, prognozi, da bolos, sagangebo

situaciebis ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi, sayovelTao Setyobineba.

mitigacia warmoadgens winaswar Catarebul RonisZiebaTa kompleqss

sagangebo situaciebis Tavidan acilebisa an maTi ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi

Sedegebis Semcirebis mizniT.

xolo qveyanaSi sagangebo situaciebis ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli

sistemis amocanebi Semdegia: mosaxleobis dacviTi RonisZiebebis gatareba,

samaSvelo da gadaudebeli saavario-aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis organizeba,

koordinacia. da bolos, gadarCenili da dazaralebuli adamianebis sasicocxlo

uzrunvelyofa. sagangebo situaciebis marTvisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis erTiani

sistemis organizaciuli struqtura ganisazRvreba saxelmwifos organizaciuli

wyobiT _ xelisuflebis organoebis sistemiT, romelic uzrunvelyofs maTze

dakisrubuli amocanebis Sesrulebas.

qveynis sagangebo situaciebis marTvis sqema:

sagangebo situaciebSi marTvis sqema gulisxmobs katastrofebze reagirebis

sam dones:

____ pirvelipirvelipirvelipirveli done,done,done,done, rodesac reagirebis procesSi CarTulia municipaluri

(saqalaqo) mmarTveloba, municipaluri saxanZro-samaSvelo razmi da

municipalitetis teritoriaze dislocirebuli (mobilizebuli) erovnuli

gvardiis rezervistebi.

katastrofis adgilidan miRebuli Setyobinebis safuZvelze

municipalitetis gamgebeli (qalaqis meri) organizebas ukeTebs pirveli rigis

samaSvelo RonisZiebebs, informacias sagangebo viTarebis, gatarebuli

RonisZiebebisa da saWiro daxmarebebis Sesaxeb awvdis Sesabamisad a/r an samxareo

administracias. Tu Zalebi sakmarisi ar aris, iTxovs daxmarebas.

____ meoremeoremeoremeore done,done,done,done, rodesac procesSi erTvebian avtonomiur respublikaSi (a/r)

an mxareSi arsebuli samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, dazaralebuli

raionis mezobeli municipaluri saxanZro-samaSvelo razmebi Sesabamisad a/r

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mTavrobis xelmZRvanelis an gubernatoris gadawyvetilebiT. Sesabamisad sagangebo

situaciebis marTvis process xelmZRvanelobs a/r mTavrobis xelmZRvaneli an

saqarTvelos prezidentis rwmunebuli mxareSi, romelic koordinacias uwevs a/r-

Si an mxareSi arsebul yvela samaSvelo Zalisa da resursebis gamoyenebas

katastrofaze reagirebis mizniT. igi amave dros informacias sagangebo viTarebis,

gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa da saWiro daxmarebebis Sesaxeb awvdis premier-

ministrs, Sss sagangebo situaciebis marTvis departaments.

____ mesamemesamemesamemesame done,done,done,done, Seesabameba sagangebo situaciebze erovnul reagirebas. am

SemTxvevaSi sagangebo situaciis marTvis koordinirebas axdens sagangebo

situaciebis marTvis samtavrobo komisia premier-ministris xelmZRvanelobiT,

romlis samuSao organos warmoadgens Sss sagangebo situaciebis marTvis

departamenti. Sesabamisad organizeba ukeTdeba krizisis marTvis centris

funqcionirebas, sadac gaerTianebuli arian ganviTarebuli riskis saxeobisa da

siZlieris, masStabebis Sesabamisad sxvadasxva saministroebi, uwyebebi da

arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu erovnuli resursebi da Zalebi

ar aris sakmarisi sagangebo situaciebis Sedegebis salikvidaciod krizisebis

marTvis centri amzadebs winadadebebs saerTaSoriso daxmarebebis Sesaxeb

moTxovnebze, romelic specialuri formiT ecnobeba natos katastrofebze

reagirebis evro-atlatikuri sakoordinacio centrs, gaeros Sesabamis

struqturebs, saerTaSoriso da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs.

saqarTveloSi samoqalaqo Tavdacvisa da sagangebo situaciebisagan

mosaxleobisa da teritoriis dacvis RonisZiebebi regulirdeba Semdegi

normatiuli aqtebiT:

1. saqarTvelos konstitucia (24 agvisto 1995 w.);

2. saqarTvelos kanoni ,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo

situaciebisagan mosaxleobisa da teritoriis dacvis Sesaxeb’’ (8 ivnisi 2007 w.);

3. saqarTvelos kanoni `saxanZro usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb;

4. saqarTvelos kanoni “sagangebo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb” (17 oqtomberi 1997 w.);

5. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2008 wlis 26 agvistos #415 brZanebuleba

,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebze erovnuli reagirebis

gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb’’;

6. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2007 wlis 24 seqtembris #542 brZanebuleba

,,saqarTvelos safrTxeebis Sefasebis 2007-2009 w.w. dokumentis damtkicebis

Sesaxeb“;

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7. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2008 wlis 21 martis #68 dadgenileba ,,sagangebo

situaciebis klasifikaciis gansazRvris wesis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis

Taobaze’’;

8. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2008 wlis 21 martis #69 dadgenileba ,,sagangebo

situaciebis marTvis samTavrobo komisiis debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb’’;

aseve, saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebiT (1949 wlis 12 agvistos Jenevis

konvencia, damatebiTi oqmi #1, Tavi 6 “samoqalaqo Tavdacva” saerTaSoriso

sagangebo si t uacia

saerTaSorisosaerTaSorisosaerTaSorisosaerTaSorisoorganizaciebiorganizaciebiorganizaciebiorganizaciebi

savele operaciebis savele operaciebis savele operaciebis savele operaciebis centricentricentricentri

kavSiris uzrunvelyofis jgufi kavSiris uzrunvelyofis jgufi kavSiris uzrunvelyofis jgufi kavSiris uzrunvelyofis jgufi

samaSvelo operaciebis jgufisamaSvelo operaciebis jgufisamaSvelo operaciebis jgufisamaSvelo operaciebis jgufi

informinforminforminform----sa da masmediis jgufi sa da masmediis jgufi sa da masmediis jgufi sa da masmediis jgufi

lojistikis jgufi lojistikis jgufi lojistikis jgufi lojistikis jgufi

ikribebaikribebaikribebaikribeba

erovnulierovnulierovnulierovnuli uSiSroebisuSiSroebisuSiSroebisuSiSroebissabWosabWosabWosabWo

ss marTvis samTavroboss marTvis samTavroboss marTvis samTavroboss marTvis samTavrobokomisiakomisiakomisiakomisia

Sss sagangebo situaciebisSss sagangebo situaciebisSss sagangebo situaciebisSss sagangebo situaciebis

marTvis departamentimarTvis departamentimarTvis departamentimarTvis departamenti


adgilobriviadgilobriviadgilobriviadgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobaTviTmmarTvelobaTviTmmarTvelobaTviTmmarTveloba

sagangebo sagangebo sagangebo sagangebo

StabiStabiStabiStabi

municipalurimunicipalurimunicipalurimunicipalurisaxanZrosaxanZrosaxanZrosaxanZro----samaSvelosamaSvelosamaSvelosamaSvelo

ZalebiZalebiZalebiZalebi

a/ra/ra/ra/r an region. an region. an region. an region. mmarTvelobammarTvelobammarTvelobammarTveloba

sag. sit. sag. sit. sag. sit. sag. sit. marTmarTmarTmarT....droeb.komisiadroeb.komisiadroeb.komisiadroeb.komisia


a/ra/ra/ra/r an an an an regionisregionisregionisregionissag.. sit. sag.. sit. sag.. sit. sag.. sit. reagreagreagreag....


informaciainformaciainformaciainformacia

reagirebareagirebareagirebareagireba

sagangebo situaciebis sagangebo situaciebis sagangebo situaciebis sagangebo situaciebis marTvis departamentismarTvis departamentismarTvis departamentismarTvis departamentis

krizisebis marTvis sauwyebaTaSorisokrizisebis marTvis sauwyebaTaSorisokrizisebis marTvis sauwyebaTaSorisokrizisebis marTvis sauwyebaTaSorisooperatiuli centrioperatiuli centrioperatiuli centrioperatiuli centri

operaciebis seqtorioperaciebis seqtorioperaciebis seqtorioperaciebis seqtori

informinforminforminform----sa da dagegmvis seqtorisa da dagegmvis seqtorisa da dagegmvis seqtorisa da dagegmvis seqtori

safinanso seqtorisafinanso seqtorisafinanso seqtorisafinanso seqtori

lojistikis seqtorilojistikis seqtorilojistikis seqtorilojistikis seqtori

specialispecialispecialispeciali----zirebuli zirebuli zirebuli zirebuli jgufebi jgufebi jgufebi jgufebi

Zalovani Zalovani Zalovani Zalovani struqturebis struqturebis struqturebis struqturebis qvedanayofebiqvedanayofebiqvedanayofebiqvedanayofebi

saxanZrosaxanZrosaxanZrosaxanZro----samaSvelosamaSvelosamaSvelosamaSvelorazmebi razmebi razmebi razmebi

saerTaSoriso saerTaSoriso saerTaSoriso saerTaSoriso saZiebosaZiebosaZiebosaZiebo----samaSvelo samaSvelo samaSvelo samaSvelo


sagangebo situaciebze reagirebis sqemasagangebo situaciebze reagirebis sqemasagangebo situaciebze reagirebis sqemasagangebo situaciebze reagirebis sqema

SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis msxverplTa dacvis Sesaxeb). aseve, saqarTvelos

sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan da msoflios qveynebTan, dadebuli aqvs

xelSekrulebebi da SeTanxmebebi, romlebic Seexeba sagangebo situaciebis dros

katastrofebze reagirebis sferoSi urTierTTanamSromlobas

saqarTvelos Sss sagangebo situaciebis marTvis departamenti, erTiani

sistemis funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT axorcielebs saerTaSoriso

TanamSromlobas Semdeg organizaciebTan: gaero, evrokavSiri, evrosabWo, nato,

8

Sveicariis ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagento, germaniis teqnikuri

TanamSromlobis sazogadoeba, Savi zRvis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis

organizacia, euTo (evropaSi uSiSroebis da TanamSromlobis organizacia),

humanitarul saqmeTa evropis biuro, wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti,

wiTeli jvrisa da wiTeli mTvaris saerTaSoriso federacia, INSARAG _ saZiebo-

samaSvelo sakonsultacio jgufi, ICDO _ samoqalaqo Tavdacvis saerTaSoriso

organizacia, OPCW – qimiuri iaraRis akrZalvis organizacia.

saqarTvelosTvissaqarTvelosTvissaqarTvelosTvissaqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeldamaxasiaTebeldamaxasiaTebeldamaxasiaTebeliiii bunebrivibunebrivibunebrivibunebrivi dadadada teqnogenuriteqnogenuriteqnogenuriteqnogenuri xasiaTisxasiaTisxasiaTisxasiaTis

sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebo situaciebisituaciebisituaciebisituaciebi

Tanamedrove pirobebSi msoflioSi didi raodenobiT dagrovili masiuri

dazianebis iaraRis gamoyenebis saSiSroebam, aseve Cvens garSemo arsebul bunebriv

garemoze moqmedma gauazrebelma anTropogenurma datvirTvebma: mSeneblobis

stiqiurma ganviTarebam, soflis meurneobis industrializaciisa da qimizaciis

arakvalificiurad warmarTvam, garemos dabinZurebam da saerTod bunebriv

garemoze zemoqmedebis ukontrolo teqnologiurma procesebma gamoiwvia

ekologiuri wonasworobis moSla, warmoSva sxvadasxva saxis sagangebo

situaciebis ganviTarebis saSiSroeba.

yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT sasicocxlo mniSvneloba eniWeba

mosaxleobis da ekonomikis obieqtebis dacvas sagangebo situaciebis dros.

sagangebo viTareba Tavisi xasiaTis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos: radiaciuli,

qimiuri, baqteriologiuri, saxanZro da sainJinro, an kombinirebuli (rodesac ori

an ramodenime sagangebo viTareba erTdroulad iqmneba).

sagangebo situaciis cnebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia terminebs `avaria~,

`katastrofa~, `ubedureba~.

sagangebo situaciis warmoSobis mizezi SeiZleba iyos saSiSi bunebrivi

movlena, avaria an saxifaTo teqnologiuri SemTxveva; farTod gavrcelebuli

adamianis infeqciuri daavadebebi; sasoflo-sameurneo cxovelebisa da mcenareebis

daavadebebi, agreTve dazianebis Tanamedrove saSualebebi. faqtobrivad zemoT

CamoTvlili sagangebo situaciis warmoSobis mizezebi warmoadgens sagangebo

situaciebis wyaroebs.

sagangebo situaciebi wyaros xasiaTis mixedviT klasificirdebian bunebriv da

teqnogenur sagangebo situaciebad.

9

a) a) a) a) bunebrivibunebrivibunebrivibunebrivi xasiaTisxasiaTisxasiaTisxasiaTis sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebo situaciasituaciasituaciasituacia _ saSiSi bunebrivi movlena anu

stiqiuri ubedureba, romelsac Tan axlavs adamianTa msxverpli da materialuri

faseulobis dazianeba.

bunebrivi xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebs ganekuTvneba:

1. geofizikuri saxifaTo movlenebi:

• miwisZvra;

• vulkanis moqmedebani;

2. geologiuri saxifaTo movlenebi:

• mewyeri;

• seluri nakadi;

• Camonaqcevebi, Camonayarebi;

• kldis Camonarecxi Rvarcofi;

• tyis zolis Camoqceva;

• karstuli movlenebis Sedegad miwis zedapiris Cavardna;

• abrazia, erozia;

• qvaTacvena (qvebis nakadi)

• mtvris qariSxali.

3. meteorologiuri da agrometeorologiuri saxifaTo movlenebi:

qariSxals, qartexils, Storms, grigals, qarborbalas da taifuns erTi da

imave warmoSobis wyaro aqvs _ qari. Nmisi siZliere izomeba bofortis skaliT 0-

dan 18-mde balebSi.

• qariSxali;

• Tovlis zvavi;

• grigali, Stormi;

• qarborbala (tornado);

• qartexili;

• qaris vertikaluri nakadi;

• msxvili setyva;

• Zlieri kokispiruli wvima,

• didTovlianoba (Tovlis namqeri);

• Zlieri moyinva;

• Zlieri yinvebi;

• Zlieri qarbuqi;

10

• Zlieri sicxe;

• Zlieri nisli;

• gvalva;

• xorSaki (cxeli qarebi).

4. sazRvao hidrologiuri saxifaTo movlenebi:

• tropikuli ciklonebi;

• cunami;

• Zlieri Relva;

• zRvis donis Zlieri ryeva;

• Zlieri wylis Relva navsadgurebSi.

5. hidrologiuri saxifaTo movlenebi:

• wyaldidoba;

• wylis donis aweva;

• wvimis niaRvari;

• qariseuli monadeni;

• wylis dabali doneebi;

• gruntis wylebis donis aweva (datborvebi).

6. bunebrivi xanZrebi:

• sagangebo saxanZro saSiSroeba;

• tyis xanZari;

• xanZari puris yanebSi da stepebSi;

• torfis xanZari.

7. biologiur-socialuri xasiaTis:

• infeqciuri dasnebovneba;

• adamianebis dasnebovneba;

• gansakuTrebiT saSiSi infeqciuri daavadebis erTeuli SemTxvevebi;

• infeqciuri daavadebebis jgufuri SemTxvevebi;

• epidemiuri afeTqeba;

• epidemia;

• pandemia;

• cxovelTa dasnebovneba;

• enzootia;

11

• epizootia;

• panzootia;

• mcenareTa daavadeba;

• progresirebadi epifitotia;

• panfitotia;

• sarevela mcenareTa masiuri gavrceleba.

8. socialuri xasiaTis:

• masiuri SimSili gamowveuli ekonomikuri krizisiT;

• socialuri krizisiT gamowveuli masiuri gamosvlebi da areulobebi.

bunebrivi xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebs ganekuTvneba aseve ekologiuri

(antropogenuri) xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebi. es iseTi sagangebo situaciebia,

romlebic xasiaTdebian saSiSroebaTa gavrcelebis naklebi siCqariT da

warmoiSobian bunebaze adamianis araswori urTierTqmedebis Sedegad. maT

miekuTvneba:

1. ekologiuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebi:

• miwis sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebis mizniT samTo samuSaoebisa

da adamianis sxva saxis moqmedebaTa Sedegad gamowveuli

katastrofuli miwis Caqcevebi, mewyeri, miwis zedapiris gaskdoma da

sxv.;

• niadagSi (gruntSi) dasaSvebze maRali koncentraciis zemZime

liTonebisa (maT Soris radiaqtiuli nivTierebebi) da sxva mavne

nivTierebebis arseboba;

• gruntis intensiuri degradacia, didi teritoriebis erozia, gamoSroba

da daWaobeba;

• bunebrivi wiaRiseulis maragebis ganadgurebis gamo, Seqmnili

krizisuli situaciebi.

2. sacavebis samrewvelo (jarTiT) da sayofacxovrebo narCenebiT (nagviT)

gadatvirTvisa da maTi saSualebiT garemos dabinZurebasTan dakavSirebuli

sagangebo situaciebi;

3. atmosferos Semadgenlobisa da Tvisebebis cvlilebebiT gamowveuli

sagangebo situaciebi:

• adamianis anTropogenuri moRvaweobis Sedegad klimatis uecari

Secvla;

12

• atmosferoSi mavne minarevebis zRvruli-dasaSvebi koncentraciebis

gazrda;

• qalaqze temperaturuli inversia;

• qalaqSi mwvave `Jangbadis SimSiloba~;

• samrewvelo da qalaqis xmauris zRvruli-dasaSvebi donis

mniSvnelovani momateba;

• mJavuri naleqebis masiuri zonebis warmoSoba;

• atmosferos ozonuri fenis Semcireba;

• atmosferos gamWvirvalobis mniSvnelovnad Semcireba.

4. hidrosferos mdgomareobis cvlilebebiT gamowveuli sagangebo

situaciebi:

• sasmeli wylis mwvave ukmarisoba, maTi maragis gamolevisa an

dabinZurebis gamo;

• organizaciebSi teqnologiuri procesebis uzrunvelyofisa da

sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo wyalmomaragebisaTvis gamoyenebuli wylis

resursebis gamoleva;

• zRvebisa da okeaneebis wylebis kritikulze metad dabinZurebis

Sedegad sameurneo saqmianobisa da ekologiuri wonasworobis

darRveva.

5. biosferos mdgomareobis cvlilebebiT gamowveuli sagangebo

situaciebi:

• cxovelebisa da mcenareebis calkeuli jiSis gadaSeneba garemo

pirobebis cvlilebebis gamo;

• cxovelTa masiuri amowyveta;

• did teritoriaze mcenareuli safaris masiuri ganadgureba;

• biosferos unaris _ aRdgenadi resursebis kvlavwarmoebis mkveTri

cvlileba.

bbbb) ) ) ) teqnogenuriteqnogenuriteqnogenuriteqnogenuri xasiaTisxasiaTisxasiaTisxasiaTis sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebo situaciasituaciasituaciasituacia _ teqnosferoSi momxdari avaria da

katastrofa, romelsac Tan axlavs adamianis msxverpli da momsaxure personalis

janmrTelobisaTvis zianis miyenebis saSiSroeba, agreTve materialuri

faseulobebisa da mimdebare garemos pirdapiri an arapirdapiri dazianeba.

teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebs ganekuTvneba:

1. satransporto avariebi da katastrofebi:

13

• satvirTo matareblebis avariebi;

• samgzavro matareblebisa da metropolitenis avariebi;

• satvirTo gemebis avariebi;

• samgzavro gemebis avariebi da katastrofebi;

• aeroportebsa da dasaxlebul punqtebSi saaviacio avariebi;

• saaviacio avariebi aeroportebisa da dasaxlebuli punqtebis

teritoriis miRma;

• xidebze, gvirabebsa da sarkinigzo gadasavlelebze satransporto

avariebi;

• magistralur milgayvanilobaTa avariebi.

2. xanZrebi da afeTqebebi:

• samrewvelo obieqtebze, SenobebSi, komunikaciebsa da teqnologiur

mowyobilobebSi xanZrebi da afeTqebebi;

• advilad aalebad, wvad da feTqebad nivTierebaTa mompovebel,

gadamamuSavebel da Semnaxvel obieqtebze xanZrebi da afeTqebebi;

• xanZrebi da afeTqebebi transportze;

• xanZrebi da afeTqebebi SaxtebSi, miwisqveSa samTo gamonamuSevrebsa da

metropolitenSi;

• sacxovrebeli, sazogadoebrivi da kulturuli daniSnulebis Senoba-

nagebobebSi afeTqebebi da xanZrebi;

• dasaxlebul punqtebSi aufeTqebeli sabrZolo feTqebadi

nivTierebebisa da saSualebebis aRmoCena;

• asafeTqebeli nivTierebebis kargva garemoSi.

3. avariebi Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis (ZmSn-is) mwarmoebel,

gadamamuSavebel da Semnaxvel obieqtebze:

• avariebi transportze ZmSn-is garemoSi gamoTavisuflebiT;

• avariebi Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis garemoSi

gamoTavisuflebiT;

• avariebis Sedegad dawyebuli qimiuri reaqciebis procesSi ZmSn-is

warmoqmna da gavrceleba;

• avariebi qimiuri iaraRis matarebel saSualebebze;

• ZmSn-is wyaroTa kargva garemoSi.

4. avariebi radiaqtiuri nivTierebebis gamofrqveviT:

14

• avariebi atomur eleqtrosadgurebze, sawarmoo da sakvlevi

daniSnulebis atomur energetikul mowyobilobebze radioaqtiuri

nivTierebebis gamofrqveviT;

• avariebi birTvul-Tburi ciklis sawarmoebSi radiaqtiuri

nivTierebebis gamofrqveviT;

• avariebi radioaqtiuli nivTierebebis matarebel satransporto

saSualebebsa da kosmosur aparatebze;

• avariebi samrewvelo da eqsperimentuli birTvuli afeTqebis dros;

• avariebi birTvuli sabrZolo iaraRis eqspluataciis, Senaxvis an

dayenebis adgilze;

• radiaqtiuli wyaros kargva garemoSi.

5. avariebi biologiurad saxifaTo obieqtebze:

• avariebi samrewvelo sawarmoebsa da sakvlev-samecniero

dawesebulebebSi biologiurad saxifaTo nivTierebebis

gamoTavisuflebiT garemoSi;

• avariebi transportze biologiurad saxifaTo nivTierebebis

garemoSi gamoTavisuflebiT;

• sabrZolo biologiuri saSualebebis avariebi;

• biologiurad saxifaTo nivTierebebis kargva garemoSi.

6. nagebobaTa uecari ngreva

• satransporto komunikaciebis elementebis Camongreva;

• samrewvelo da samoqalaqo Senoba-nagebobebis ngreva.

7. eleqtroenergetikuli sistemebis avariebi:

• avtonomiuri eleqtrosadgurebis avariebi yvela saxis

momxmarebelTaTvis eleqtromomaragebis xangrZlivi droiT SewyvetiT;

• eleqtroenergetikuli qselebis avariebi, ZiriTad momxmarebelTa an

didi masStabis teritoriaze, eleqtromomaragebis xangrZlivi droiT

SewyvetiT;

• satransporto eleqtruli sakontaqto qselebis mwyobridan gamosvla.

8. sasicocxlo uzrunvelyofis komunaluri sistemis avariebi:

• avariebi kanalizaciis sistemaSi dabinZurebuli nivTierebebis

garemoSi gamoTavisuflebiT;

• mosaxleobis sasmeli wyliT momaragebis sistemaSi avariebi;

15

• weliwadis civ periodSi Tboqselis avariebi;

• samrewvelo gamwmendi nagebobebis avariebi.

9. hidrodinamikuri avariebi:

• kaSxlebis (dambebis, jebirebis, rabebisa da tixrebis) garRveva,

katastrofuli datborvebisa da wamleki talRebis warmoSobiT;

• kaSxlebis garRveva wamleki wylis movardniT;

• kaSxlebis garRveva, romelsac Tan sdevs did teritoriebze niadagis

gadarecxva an daSlamva.

teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebs ganekuTvneba aseve samxedro

xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebi. es is sagangebo situaciebia, romlebic

warmoiSobian gauTvaliswinebeli, SemTxveviTi (an provokaciuli) xasiaTis

samxedro operaciebis Sedegad. calkeul SemTxvevaSi erTi saxelmwifos mier

meore saxelmwifos mimarT ganxorcielebuli diversiuli, klanuri an

kriminaluri dajgufebebis mier mowyobili teritoriuli aqtebis Sedegad. maT

ricxvs miekuTvneba:

1. mSvidobian periodSi samxedro xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebi:

• neitraluri wylebis akvatoriaSi myofi gaurkveveli daniSnulebis

xomaldidan erTjeradi (SemTxveviTi) raketul_birTvuli dartymis

miyeneba;

• mezobeli saxelmwifoebis saomari da sabrZolo-sawvrTneli

moqmedebebis warmoebis Sedegad mSvidobiani qveynis teritoriaze

masobrivi dazianebis iaraRis matarebeli mfrinavi aparatis

Camovardna;

• masobrivi dazianebis iaraRis matarebeli mfrinavi aparatis Camovardna

dedamiwaze.

2. mSvidobian periodSi politikur-diversiuli xasiaTis sagangebo

situaciebi, sawarmoo procesebis darRvevis mcdelobebi, xanZrebis, afeTqebebisa

da ngrevis mowyobis organizacia (sagangebo situaciebis warmoSobiT),

teroristuli da diversiuli aqtebi.

sagangebo situaciebi masStabebisa da Sedegebis simZimis mixedviT

klasificirdebian: saobieqto, lokalur (adgilobriv), regionuli, erovnuli da

globalur, aseve, transasazRvro sagangebo situaciebad.

16

saobieqto sagangebo situaciebi _ roca sagangebo situaciebis zona ar

scildeba sawarmoo da socialuri daniSnulebis obieqtis teritoriis sazRvrebs,

an satransporto avariebi.

lokaluri sagangebo situacia _ roca sagangebo situaciis zona ar

scildeba ekonomikis obieqtis sazRvars.

regionuli sagangebo situacia _ roca sagangebo situaciis zona ar

scildeba avtonomiuri respublikis (an regionis) sazRvrebs;

erovnuli sagangebo situacia _ roca sagangebo situaciis zona vrceldeba

qveynis sazRvrebs SigniT mniSvnelovani ori an meti regionis teritoriaze;

globaluri sagangebo situacia _ roca sagangebo situaciis zona scildeba

qveynis sazRvrebs an piriqiT sazRvargareT momxdari sagangebo situaciis zona

moicavs qveynis sazRvrebs. (transsasazRvro _ roca qveynis sazRvars gadakveTs).

sagangebo situaciebis niSnebi SeiZleba iyos:

1. zemoqmedebis xasiaTiT:

• seismuri, dartymiTi (ngreva);

• dasnebovneba (qimiuri, baqterologiuri, radiaciuli);

• datborva (erozia, abrazia, daSlamva, damewyvra);

• xanZari, maRali temperatura.

2. Sedegebis mixedviT:

• adamianTa msxverpli;

• materialuri zarali;

• cxovrebis pirobebis darRveva.

3. damazianebeli faqtorebis xasiaTiT:

• siTburi;

• qimiuri;

• radiaciuli;

• biologiuri;

• meqanikuri.

• fsiqologiuri.

4. gavrcelebis intensivoba:

• uecari;

• swrafi;

• saSualo;

17

• neli.

5. gamomwvevi ZiriTadi mizezebi:

• samSeneblo _ konstruqciuli;

• sawarmoo _ saeqspluatacio;

• meteorologiuri;

• geofizikuri;

• antropogenuri (ekologiuri);

• hidrologiuri;

• geologiuri.

sagangebo situaciebi aseve klasificirdebian ganviTarebis masStabisa da da

Sedegebis (moculobis) mixedviT Semdegnairad:

saobieqto;

adgilobrivi;

regionuli;

erovnuli;

globaluri.

TanamedroveTanamedroveTanamedroveTanamedrove sabrZolosabrZolosabrZolosabrZolo saSualebebisaSualebebisaSualebebisaSualebebi

masobrivi dazianebis iaraRebia: birTvuli, qimiuri, baqteriologiuri da

Tavdasxmis Cveulebrivi iaraRebi, romelTa gamoyenebis Sedegad ganadgurdebian da

daziandebian adamianebi, cxovelebi da mcenareebi, produqtebi, wyali, agreTve

samrewvelo da sasoflo-sameurneo obieqtebi.

birTvulibirTvulibirTvulibirTvuli iaraRiiaraRiiaraRiiaraRi

birTvuli iaraRi ewodeba iseT sabrZolo

saSualebebs, romlis moqmedeba dafuZnebulia

SidabirTvuli energiis gamoyenebaze, romelic

gamoiyofa afeTqebis Sedegad dayofis, sinTezis an

orive erTdrouli reaqciis dros.

atomur iaraRs safuZvlad udevs SidabirTvuli

energiis gamoyeneba, romelic momentalurad gamoiyofa mZime elementebis (uran-235-

is da pluton-239-is) birTvis daSlis jaWvuri reaqciis Sedegad.

teritoria, sadac ganlagebulia Senobebi, nagebobebi, imyofebian adamianebi,

gaSenebulia cxovelebi, mcenareebi, da romlebzedac uSualod moqmedebs

18

birTvuli afeTqebis damazianebeli faqtorebi, iwodeba birTvuli dazianebis

kerad.

ganasxvaveben birTvuli afeTqebis sxvadasxva saxes:

1. miwiszedamiwiszedamiwiszedamiwiszeda afeTqebaafeTqebaafeTqebaafeTqeba- afeTqeba xdeba miwaze an iseT simaRleze, rodesac

afeTqebis cecxlovani burTi Seexeba dedamiwas. aseTi afeTqebisaTvis

damaxasiaTebelia adgilmdebareobis radioqtiuli nivTierebebiT Zlieri dazianeba

radiaqtiuri Rrublis kvalis mimarTulebiT.

2. miwisqveSamiwisqveSamiwisqveSamiwisqveSa afeTqebaafeTqebaafeTqebaafeTqeba-am dros axlomdebare teritoria Zalze binZurdeba.

3. sahaerosahaerosahaerosahaero afeTqebaafeTqebaafeTqebaafeTqeba- am SemTxvevaSi cecxlovani burTi ar exeba miwas,

xolo dauSleli radiaqtiuri nivTierebebi gaifanteba atmosferos zeda fenaSi,

uerTdeba haers da vrceldeba did teritoriaze _ iwvevs globalur dabinZurebas.

4. afeTqebebiafeTqebebiafeTqebebiafeTqebebi wyalqveSwyalqveSwyalqveSwyalqveS dadadada kosmosSikosmosSikosmosSikosmosSi-birTvuli afeTqebis Sedegad

adamianebze, cxovelebsa da erovnuli meurneobis obieqtebze moqmedebs xuTi

damazianebeli faqtori.

a) dartymiTi talRa, romelzedac modis mTeli gamoyofili energiis 50%:

b) sinaTlis gamosxiveba, romlis wiladac modis gamoyofili energiis 35%;

g) SemRwevi radiacia, masze ixarjeba gamoyofili energiis 4%;

d) adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri dabinZureba, romelzedac ixarjeba

gamoyofili energiis 10%;

e) eleqtromagnituri impulsi, masze modis gamoyofili energiis 1%.

ganvixiloT TiToeuli cal-calke:

a) dartymiTi talRa SekumSuli airis fenaa, romelic afeTqebis centridan

moZraobs Zlieri siswrafiT. dartymiTi talRis wyaros warmoadgens maRali wneva,

romelic warmoiSoba afeTqebis epicentrSi. dartmiTi talRis centridan

daSorebis Sesabamisad, misi moZraobis siCqare mcirdeba bgeris siCqaremde da mis

qvemoT.

dartymiTi talRis Sedegad iqmneba ngrevis zonebi:

• mTliani ngrevis zona _ wnevis sidide 0.5 kg.Z./sm2 da meti

• Zlieri ngrevis zona _ wnevis sidide 0.5-dan 0.3 kg.Z./sm2

• saSualo ngrevis zona _ wnevis sidide 0.3 – 0.2 kg.Z./sm2

• susti ngrevis zona _ wnevis sidide 0.2 – 0.1 kg.Z./sm2

sahaero dartymis talRa daucvel adamianebsa da cxovelebSi iwvevs

travmul dazianebas, kontuzias an sasikvdilo dazianebas.

19

b) sinaTlis (Suquri) gamosxiveba _ afeTqebis zonaSi swrafad gamoiyofa

didi energia, ris gamoc warmoiSoba ramdenime milioni gradusi temperatura da

qmnis cecxlovan kriala sferos. cecxlovani sferosagan xdeba intensiuri

sinaTlis gamosxiveba, romelic iwvevs Sesabamis damazianebel efeqts. imisda

mixedviT, Tu ra siZlieris bombebi iyo gamoyenebuli, sinaTlis gamosxiveba

grZeldeba wamebis meaTedi nawilidan 30 wamamde.

igi iwvevs adamianebisa da cxovelebis damwvrobas.

g) SemRwevi radiacia. afeTqebis keraSi SemRwevi radiacia iqmneba

neitronuli da gama-gamosxivebis (eleqtromagnituri) nakadisagan. orive

gamosxiveba warmoiSoba afeTqebis momentSi. gamosxiveba warmoiSoba pirvel

wamebSi uranis daSlis dawyebidan. misi moqmedeba ar aRemateba 10-15 wams, xolo

neitronis _ 1 wams. SemRwevi radiaciis moqmedebis siSore damokidebulia

afeTqebis simZlavreze.

adgilmdebareoba CaiTvleba mowamlulad, Tu radiaciis done aris 0.5 r/sT

da meti. dabinZurebis xarisxis mixedviT mTeli teritoria iyofa oTx zonad.

I. susti dabinZurebis zona (a) Seadgens mTeli dabinZurebuli farTobis 70-

80%-s.

II. Zlieri dabinZurebis zona (b) igi Seadgens mTeli dabinZurebuli

farTobis 10_12% -s.

III. saxifaTo dabinZurebis zona (g) igi Seadgens mTeli dabinZurebuli zonis

6-8% -s.

IV. Zlier saxifaTo dabinZurebis zona (d) mis gare sazRvarze donis

simZlavris etalonia 800 r/sT, zonis SuaSi ki 2000 r/sT, xolo doza radiaqtiuri

nivTierebebis mTlian daSlamde Sesabamisad 4000r. da 10000r. zonidan adamianebi

da cxovelebi unda iqnen gayvanili.

e) eleqtromagnituri impulsi. birTvuli afeTqebis dros warmoiqmneba

eleqtromagnituri velebi, romlebic sahaero da miwisqveSa gayvanilobasa da

sakabelo xazebi, radiosadgurebis antenebSi qmnian impulsebian eleqtrul densa

da Zabvas.

sxivurisxivurisxivurisxivuri dazianebadazianebadazianebadazianeba

birTvuli afeTqebis zonaSi radiaciisa da gama-gamosxivebis gansazRvruli

dozis miReba iwvevs adamianebsa da cxovelebSi sxivur daavadebas.

mwvave sxivuri daavadebis mimdinareobas yofen oTx periodad:

I. pirveladi reaqciis periodi iwyeba dasxivebis miRebisTanave da

grZeldeba ramdenime saaTs an ori-sami dRe.

20

II. faruli periodi grZeldeba 3-dan 14 dRemde.

III. avadmyofobis gaZlierebis (amaRlebis) periodi. dro, rodesac viTardeba

avadmyofobis yvela damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba.

IV. avadmyofobis gadamwyveti periodi _ gamojanmrTeleba an sikvdili.

dasxivebis dozis mixedviT ganixilaven sxivuri daavadebis oTx saxeobas: msubuqi,

saSualo, mZime da ukiduresad mZime.

100-dan 200 rentgenamde doziT dasxivebis dros warmoiqmneba msubuqi

(pirveli xarisxis) sxivuri daavadeba.

200-dan 400 rentgenamde doziT dasxiveba iwvevs saSualo (meore xarisxis)

sxivur daavadebas.

mZime (mesame xarisxis) sxivuri daavadeba warmoiqmneba 400-dan 600

rentgenamde doziT dasxivebis dros.

ukiduresad mZime (meoTxe xarisxis) sxivuri daavadeba viTardeba 600

rentgenze meti doziT dasxivebis dros da mkurnalobis gareSe sikvdiliT

mTavrdeba.

radiaqtiuriradiaqtiuriradiaqtiuriradiaqtiuri nivTierebisnivTierebisnivTierebisnivTierebis moqmedebamoqmedebamoqmedebamoqmedeba

mcenareebzemcenareebzemcenareebzemcenareebze

radioizotopebisa da maionizebeli

gamosxivebis moqmedeba mcenareebze

ganixileba ori mimarTulebiT: pirveli

moicavs mcire doziT radioizotopisa da

maionizebeli gamosxivebis dadebiT

moqmedebas mcenareebis zrda-ganviTarebaze;

meore dakavSirebulia mcenareTa organizmis

dazianeba-ganadgurebasTan. roca Saqris

Warxlis Tesli radiaqtiuri fosforis

xsnariT (0.5-1.2 mikrokiuri 1kg Teslze)

daasveles, misi mosavali 12.7-dan 17.8

centneramde gaizarda, Saqrianoba gadidda

0.12-0.33%-iT.

qimiuriqimiuriqimiuriqimiuri iaraRiiaraRiiaraRiiaraRi

qimiur iaraRSi igulisxmeba momwamlavi nivTierebebi da fitotoqsikantebi,

romlebic sabrZolo gamoyenebis pirobebSi iwveven adamianebis, cxovelebis,

mcenareebis, sursaTis, sakvebis, wylisa da sxv. ganadgureba-mowamvlas.

21

sabrZolo qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi moTavsebulia specialur

WurWelSi an qimiur bombebSi, gadmosaRvrel saaviacio xelsawyoebSi an sxva

garsebSi. maTi afeTqebis dros, sabrZolo Wurvebisagan gansxvavebiT, moismis

susti yru xma. afeTqebis adgilas warmoiSoba TeTri an odnav Seferili kvamlis

Rrubeli, nisli an orTqli. Tu Txevadi momwamlavi nivTierebaa gamoyenebuli,

maSin TviTmfrinavis mimarTulebiT gamoCndeba Savi zoli, romelic Cqara ifanteba

da eSveba dedamiwaze. foTlebze Cndeba zeTovani wveTebi. sxvadasxva qimiuri

momwamlavi nivTierebis gamoyenebis Sedegad wylis zedapirze warmoiqmna zeTovani

kvali, Tovlze _ sxvadasxva zomis CaRrmavebuli adgilebi, mwvane balaxi icvlis

fers, foTlebi yviTldeba, ruxdeba da Semdeg iRupeba.

samxedro specialistebis azriT, qimiuri iaraRis gamoyeneba ufro

perspeqtiulia, radgan is mwyobridan gamoiyvans, ZiriTadad, cocxal Zalas _

adamianebs.

meore upiratesobad miaCniaT is, rom qimiuri iaraRis damzadeba iafi jdeba.

samxedro ekonomistebis gaangariSebiT, hirosimaSi Camogdebuli birTvuli iaraRis

Rirebulebis qimiuri iaraRi gaanadgurebs hirosimas msgavs oras qalaqs.

teritoria, romelic ganicdis qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebis zemoqmedebas,

ris Sedegadac ziandebian adamianebi, cxovelebi, mcenareebi, produqtebi da wyali,

ewodeba qimiuri mowamvlis kera.

qimiuri dazianebis kera pirobiTad iyofa or zonad:

I. uSualo dazianebis zona. igi warmoiqmneba adgilze qimiuri iaraRis

gamoyenebis Sedegad. Wurvis afeTqebis pirvel periodSi warmoiSoba momwamlavi

nivTierebebis orTqli da aerozoli, romlebic dasawyisSi qmnian mowamluli

haeris pirvelad Rrubels, nawili, momwamlavi nivTierebebis wveTebis saxiT, rCeba

adgilze da wamlavs garemos.

II. qaris mimarTulebiT momwamlavi nivTierebis gavrcelebis zona. mowamluli

haeris pirveladi Rrubeli da momwamlav nivTierebaTa wveTebidan aorTqlebuli

meoreuli Rrubeli haeris nakadTan erTad gavrceleba sxva teritoriaze da

warmoqmnis axal mowamlul zonas.

qimiuri mowamvlis kera xasiaTdeba momwamlav nivTierebaTa koncentraciiT,

mowamvlis simWidroviTa da medegobiT. momwamlavi nivTierebebis raodenoba,

romelsac Seicavs mowamluli haeris an siTxis moculobis erTeuli, ewodeba

koncentracia. igi gamoixateba woniT erTeulebSi _ gramebSi an miligramebSi 1l

haerSi (siTxeSi).

22

mowamvlis simkvrive (simWidrove) ewodeba niadagis an obieqtis zedapirze

arsebuli Txevadi momwamlavi nivTierebis raodenobas, romelic izomeba gramebSi

1kv.m. mowamlul zedapirze.

qimiuriqimiuriqimiuriqimiuri momwamlavimomwamlavimomwamlavimomwamlavi nivTierebebisnivTierebebisnivTierebebisnivTierebebis klasifikaciaklasifikaciaklasifikaciaklasifikacia

qimiur momwamlav nivTierebebs taqtikuri daniSnulebis mixedviT yofen oTx

jgufad: a) sasikvdilo; b) mwyobridan droebiT gamomyvani; g) gamaRizianebeli da

d) saswavlo.

sasikvdilod moqmed qimiur momwamlav nivTierebebs organizmze

fiziologiuri moqmedebis mixedviT yofen oTx jgufad:

1) nervul-dambluri moqmedebis qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi azianebs

centralur nervul sistemas. am jgufSi gaerTianebulia zarini, zomani, V-gazi.

2) kandamaCirqebeli moqmedebis qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi

warmoiqmnian kanze didxans mourCenel wylulebs. aRniSnul jgufSi

gaerTianebulia luiziti da ipriti.

3) zogadSxamiani moqmedebis qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi iwvevs

organizmis saerTo mowamvlas. am jgufSi gaerTianebulia cianmJava da

qlorciani.

4) mxuTavi moqmedebis qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi azianebs sasunTq

organoebs. miekuTvneba fosgeni da difosgeni.

garda amisa. arsebobs mwyobridan droebiT gamomyvani qimiuri momwamlavi

nivTierebebi, maT miekuTvneba fsiqoqimiuri moqmedebis `BZ~, gamaRizianebeli

qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi: pirRebinebis (adamsiti), cremlsadeni

(qloracetofenoni) da saswavlo.

moqmedebis xangrZlivobis mixedviT qimiur momwamlav nivTierebebs yofen or

jgufad: medegi, romelic moqmedebs ramdenime saaTidan ramdenime Tvemde (ipriti,

luiziti, zomani, zarini, V-gazi) da aramedegi, romelic dazianebis unars

inarCunebs ramdenime aTeul wuTs (cianmJava, qlorciani, fosgeni, difosgeni).

baqteriologiuribaqteriologiuribaqteriologiuribaqteriologiuri iaraRiiaraRiiaraRiiaraRi

baqteriologiuri iaraRi ewodeba iseT iaraRs, romelic sabrZolo

gamoyenebisas iwvevs adamianebis, cxovelebis, mcenareebis, sursaTis, sakvebis,

wylisa da garemos masobriv dazianebasa da dasnebovnebas.

bunebriv pirobebSi infeqciis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgenen

dasnebovnebulebi an avadmyofebi, romelTa gamonayofi (nerwyvi, Cirqi, Sardi,

ganavali) didi raodenobiT Seicavs avadmyofobis gamomwvev mikrobebs. es

23

gamonayofebi asnebovneben niadags, wyals, haers, sakveb produqtebs, romelTa

saSualebiT avaddebian janmrTelebi.

baqteriologiuri iaraRis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi adamianebisa da

cxovelebis dasnebovneba xdeba sxvadasxva gziT: dasnebovnebuli haeris

SesunTqviT, daSavebul kanze, Tvalebsa da cxviris lorwovan garsze daavadebaTa

gamomwvevi mikrobebisa da toqsinebis moxvedriT; namsxvrevebiT daWris SemTxvevaSi

dasnebovnebul sagnebsa da nivTebTan kontaqtis dros, dasnebovnebuli sursaTis,

furaJisa da wylis gamoyenebis gziT, agreTve dasnebovnebuli mwerebis, tkipebisa

da mRrRnelebis kbenis Sedegad.

baqteriologiuri dasnebovnebis kera ewodeba adgils, sadac imyofebian

adamianebi, cxovelebi, ganlagebulia Senobebi, romlebmac ganicades

baqteriologiuri iaraRis uSualo zemoqmedeba, ris Sedegadac adamianebis,

cxovelebisa da mcenareebis infeqciur daavadebaTa kerad iqca. baqteriologiuri

dasnebovnebis keris Semdeg infeqcia swrafad vrceldeba mis sazRvrebs gareT. am

SemTxvevaSi dasnebovneba meordeba, rac warmoadgens did saSiSroebas, vinaidan am

dros SesaZlebelia mniSvnelovnad gafarTovdes dasnebovnebis kerebi.

adamianebisaadamianebisaadamianebisaadamianebisa dadadada cxovelebiscxovelebiscxovelebiscxovelebis daavadebisdaavadebisdaavadebisdaavadebis baqteriologiuribaqteriologiuribaqteriologiuribaqteriologiuri saSualebebisaSualebebisaSualebebisaSualebebi

baqteriologiuri iaraRis damazianebeli moqmedebis safuZvels warmoadgens

avadmyofobis gamomwvevi mikrobebi (baqteriebi, reketsiebi, virusebi, sokoebi) da

baqteriebis mier gamomuSavebuli toqsinebi.

mcenareTa gamanadgurebeli baqteriologiuri saSualebebi

mcenareebi SeiZleba daziandes baqteriologiuri saSualebiT (sokoebiT,

virusebiTa da baqteriebiT), rac gamoiwvevs mosavlis mniSvnelovan danakargs.

avadmyofobis an sasoflo – sameurneo kulturebis mavneblebis gamoCena da

ganviTareba damokidebulia garemos temperaturasa da tenianobaze.

TavdasxmisTavdasxmisTavdasxmisTavdasxmis CveulebriviCveulebriviCveulebriviCveulebrivi iaraRebiiaraRebiiaraRebiiaraRebi

termini _ `Tavdasxmis Cveulebrivi iaraRebi~ mas Semdeg ixmareba, rac

Seiqmna birTvuli iaraRi, romelsac gacilebiT ufro didi sabrZolo Tviseba

aqvs.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi zogierTi Cveulebrivi iaraRi aRWurvilia uaxlesi

teqnikis miRwevebiT da Tavisi efeqtianobiT uaxlovdeba masobrivi dazianebis

iaraRebs.

Tavdasxmis Cveulebrivi iaraRebia:

a) kumulaturi;

b) betonmgreveli;

24

g) cecxlgamCeni;

d) burTulovani;

e) kaseturi sabrZolo masalebi;

v) moculobiTi afeTqebis sabrZolo masalebi;

z) marTvadi saaviacio bombi

a) kumulaturi

amJamad umetes javSanmxvret sabrZolo masalebs aqvT kumulaturi muxti. mas

SeuZlia gaxvritos 400-600 mm-is sisqis javSani. kumulaturi Wurvi javSanze

moqmedebs ara Tavisi korpusis, aramed msxvrevadi muxtis afeTqebis talRis

ZaliT.

b) betonmngreveli sabrZolo

masala gamoiyeneba qvisa da

aguris, agreTve rkinabetonis

dacviTi nagebobebis dasangrevad.

mas Tavis nawili gamsxvilebuli

aqvs, xolo korpusi warmoadgens

maRalxarisxovan Termulad

damuSavebul folads.

betonze Wurvis moqmedebis efeqti damokidebulia mis kinetikur energiaze,

Sexvedris kuTxesa da TviT winaRobaze. am faqtorebTan damokidebulebiT Wurvs

SeuZlia gaxvritos winaRoba, SeaRwios siRrmeSi da afeTqdes iq. betonmgrevi

Wurvis kalibri sakmaod didia (152mm da zeviT). am sabrZolo masalebiT ngreva

warmoebs dartymisa da fugasuri moqmedebis SeTanawyobis Sedegad.

g) cecxlgamCeni

Tanamedrove cecxlgamCeni saSualebebi iyofa sam ZiriTad jgufad:

1. cecxlgamCeni navTobproduqtebi (napalmi), TeTri fosfori,

plastificirebuli fosfori, eleqtroni;

2. liTonizebuli cecxlgamCeni narevi (pirogeli);

3. Termiti da Termituli narevi.

garda amisa, maT miekuTvneba Cveulebrivi da plastificirebuli TeTri

fosfori, tutovani liTonebi, agreTve haerze TviTaalebadi narevi. yvelaze meti

gavrceleba pova napalma.

d) burTulovani bombi

25

burTulovani bombi warmoadgens cilindrul korpuss, romlis sigrZea 35sm,

diametri ki _ 7.5 sm. bombis korpusi gavsebulia feTqebadi nivTierebebiT. mis

kedelSi aris 250 liTonis burTulebi masiT 0,7-dan 1,0 gramamde, romlebic

afeTqebis dros ifantebian 100m2 farTobze. erTi TviTmfrinaviT Ria adgilze

ganlagebuli cocxali Zalis dazianebis farTobia 10 heqtarze meti.

gamanadgurebel_bombdamSens SeuZlia waiRos 1000-mde kasetSi Calagebuli

cilindri.

ufro mogvianebiT modificirebuli bombis efeqturoba gaizarda TiTqmis

orjer, romelic aRWurvilia burTulebiT, kuburebiT, SrapneliT, nemsebiT da a.S.

e) kaseturi sabrZolo masalebi

kaseturi tipis sabrZolo masalebi uzrunvelyofen cocxali Zalis

dazianebas aTeul da aseul heqtarze. bombebis raodenoba kasetebSi SeiZleba

sxvadasxva iyos _ ramdenime calidan aseul da aTaseulamde. kasetis gaxsnisas

bombebi gaifanteba did farTobze da feTqdeba.

v) moculobiTi afeTqebis sabrZolo masalebi

moculobiTi afeTqebis sabrZolo masalebSi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva saxeobis

Txevadi saTbobebi.

moculobiT afeTqebis saaviacio kaseta CBU-55 Sedgeba sami (TiToeuli 100 kg)

konteinerisagan, TiToeul maTganSi aris daaxloebiT 35 kg sawvavis narevi. bombis

Camogdebis Semdeg konteinerebi iyofian da eSvebian paraSutiT. winaaRmdegobis

Sexvedrisas warmoebs sawvavi narevis danawevreba da dedamiwidan 2-3 metr

simaRleze warmoiqmneba daaxloebiT 15m diametris aerozoluri Rrubeli. igi

feTqdeba ramdenime wamSi da qmnis 20-30 kgZ/sm2 Warb wnevas. mas SeuZlia daangrios

umtkicesi safari.

samxedro specialistebi Seudgnen saaviacio bombebisa da sxva sabrZolo

masalebis aRWurvas lazeruli sistemis, televizoris aparatisa da sxva

TviTdamiznebis xelsawyoebiT.

z) marTvadi bombi

marTvadi saavicio bombi saaviacio bombis erT-erTi perspeqtiuli saxeobaa.

Cveulebriv, saaviacio bombTan SedarebiT, maT aqvT moqmedebis didi siSore da

moxvedris didi sizuste.

terminebisterminebisterminebisterminebis ganmartebaganmartebaganmartebaganmarteba

sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebo situaciasituaciasituaciasituacia – obieqtze, garkveul teritoriaze an akvatoriaSi

bunebrivi movlenebis, stiqiuri ubedurebis, xanZris, avariis, katastrofis an sxva

saxis ubedurebebis, agreTve dazianebis sabrZolo saSualebaTa gamoyenebis

26

Sedegad warmoqmnili situacia, rodesac irRveva adamianTa cxovrebisa da

saqmianobis normaluri pirobebi, safrTxe emuqreba maT sicocxlesa da

janmrTelobas, zaraldeba mosaxleoba da ziandeba bunebrivi garemo;

sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebo viTarebaviTarebaviTarebaviTareba _ sagangebo situaciaTa Camoyalibebis zonis konkretuli

daxasiaTeba, gamovlenili drois garkveuli momentisaTvis, romelic moicavs

saerTo mdgomareobis, dazianebis Sedegebis, arsebuli resursebis, Catarebuli

samuSaoebisa da agreTve garemo pirobebis Sesaxeb monacemebs.

sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebo mdgomareobamdgomareobamdgomareobamdgomareoba - droebiTi RonisZieba, romelic saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad cxaddeba saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa usafrTxoebis

uzrunvelyofis interesebisaTvis omianobis Tu masobrivi areulobis, qveynis

teritoriuli mTlianobis xelyofis, samxedro gadatrialebisa Tu SeiaraRebuli

amboxebis, ekologiuri katastrofebis da epidemiebis dros, stiqiur ubedurebaTa,

didi avariebis, epizootiebis an sxva SemTxvevebSi, roca saxelmwifo

xelisuflebis organoebi moklebulni arian konstituciur uflebamosilebaTa

normaluri ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas.

avariaavariaavariaavaria _ teqnologiuri (konstruqciuli, sawarmoo, satransporto,

saeqsploatacio da sxv.) mizezebiTa da gare SemTxveviTi xasiaTis zemoqmedebaTa

Sedegad gamowveuli sagangebo SemTxveva, romelsac Tan sdevs nagebobebisa da

teqnikur mowyobilobaTa dazianeba, mwyobridan gamosvla an ngreva.

sawarmoo, satransporto katastrofa _ avaria, romlis Sedegadac adgili aqvs

adamianTa mravalricxovan msxverpls, mniSvnelovan materialur zaralsa da sxva

mZime Sedegebs.

saxifaTosaxifaTosaxifaTosaxifaTo bunebrivibunebrivibunebrivibunebrivi movlenebimovlenebimovlenebimovlenebi _ bunebrivi warmoSobis stiqiuri SemTxvevebi.

ekologiuriekologiuriekologiuriekologiuri ubedurebaubedurebaubedurebaubedureba _ xmeleTis, atmosferos, hidrosferosa da

biosferos cvlilebani, gamowveuli anTropogenuri da politikur_diversiuli

xasiaTis faqtorebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad, romelic gamoixateba am cvlilebebis

mkveTr da uaryofiT gavlenaSi adamianebis janmrTelobaze, maT sulier sferoze,

ekonomikasa da genetikur fondze.

ekologiuriekologiuriekologiuriekologiuri katastrofakatastrofakatastrofakatastrofa _ gansakuTrebiT didi masStabisa da mZime

Sedegebis mqone ekologiuri ubedureba, romelic, rogorc wesi, xasiaTdeba

bunebaSi garemos Seuqcevadi cvlilebebiT.

Tema Tema Tema Tema №2222

sagangebo viTarebsagangebo viTarebsagangebo viTarebsagangebo viTarebებიებიებიები დადადადა მათიმათიმათიმათი შეფასებისშეფასებისშეფასებისშეფასების მეთოდებიმეთოდებიმეთოდებიმეთოდები

sagangebo viTarebebis saxeebia:

27

radiaciuli;

qimiuri;

sainJinro;

biologiuri (baqterologiuri);

saxanZro (Termuli);

kompleqsuri.

radiaciuli viTareba warmoadgens adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri

dabinZurebis xarisxsa da masStabs, romelic gavlenas axdens obieqtebis

muSaobasa da mosaxleobis sicocxlisunarianobaze.

radiaciuli viTarebis Sefaseba gulisxmobs adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri

dabinZurebis daxasiaTebas (radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis sazRvrebi, radiaciis done,

dasxivebis dozebi) da misi zegavlenis gansazRvras adamianebze, cxovelebze,

mcenareebsa da teqnikaze, radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebisas sazRvraven

adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis xarisxsa da zonebs, afaseben

radiaciis saSiSroebis xarisxs adamianebisaTvis da SesaZlebel zians

meurneobisaTvis, adgenen formirebebisa da mosaxleobis radiaqtiuri

nivTierebebiT dabinZurebul teritoriaze yofnisas mizanSewonil moqmedebebs.

radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebis safuZvelze sazRvraven maSveli

samuSaoebis moculobasa da rigiTobas, maTi SesrulebisaTvis saWiro Zalebsa da

saSualebebs, dabinZurebis (dazianebis) keris salikvidacio RonisZiebebs da

agreTve SeimuSaveben radiaqtiur teritoriaze mosaxleobis moqmedebis reJims.

produqtebis, sakvebisa da wylis gausnebovnebis ZiriTad RonisZiebas

warmoadgens dezaqtivacia.

dezaqtivacias vuwodebT radiaqtiuri nivTierebebis moSorebas dabinZurebul

obieqtidan, romelsac atareben sxvadasxva saSualebiT.

qimiur viTarebaSi igulisxmeba pirobebi, romlebic Seiqmneba mowinaaRmdegis

mier qimiuri iaraRisa da gansakuTrebiT momwamlavi nivTierebebis gamoyenebisas.

adamianebze, cxovelebze, mcenareebze, adgilmdebareobaze, sursaTze, wylis

wyaroebsa da mecxoveleobis sxva obieqtebze qimiuri viTarebis Sefaseba

xorcieldeba gamoyenebuli qimiuri iaraRis moqmedebis xarisxis gansazRvrisaTvis,

agreTve qimiuri Tavdasxmebis Sedegebis likvidaciisaTvis mizanSewonili

moqmedebis SesarCevad.

qimiuri mowamvlis keraSi viTarebis Sesafaseblad gansazRvraven:

1. momwamlavi nivTierebebis tipsa (saxeobas) da gamoyenebis saSualebas;

2. qimiuri mowamvlis keris sidides;

28

3. mowamluli haeris gavrcelebis siRrmes;

4. mowamluli haeris moaxloebis dros mocemul wertilamde;

5. momwamlavi nivTierebis medegobas maTi gamoyenebis raionebSi;

6. mecxoveleobis, sasawyobe Senobebis, teqnikis, mcenaris, sursaTis, furaJis,

wylisa da wylis wyaroebis mowamvlis xarisxs.

degazacias vuwodebT qimiuri nivTierebebis moSorebasa da maT

gauvnebelyofas (neitralizacias) dabinZurebul obieqtidan, romelsac atareben

sxvadasxva qimiuri saSualebebiT.

sainJinro viTareba es aris sagangebo viTareba, romelic ZiriTadad

xasiaTdeba Senoba-nagebobebis, komunalur-energetikuli sistemebis, satransporto

da miwisqveSa komunikaciebis masiuri ngrevebiTa da dazianebebiT garkveuli

teritoriis masStabiT, romlis Sedegsac warmoadgens adamianTa msxverpli da

materialur faseulobaTa ganadgureba. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, sainJinro

viTarebis qveS igulisxmeba dazianebis kerebSi garkveuli ganaSenianebuli

adgilis ngrevisa da darbevis masStabebi da xarisxi, romelic gavlenas axdens

mosaxleobis cxovelqmedebaze, ekonomikis obieqtebis muSaobasa da sagangebo

situaciebze reagirebis Zalebis moqmedebaze.

faqtobrivi sainJinro viTareba gamovlindeba adgilze, uSualod sainJinro

dazvervis monacemebis safuZvelze.

sainJinro viTarebis Sefaseba gulisxmobs ngrevebisa da darbevis masStabebs,

agreTve misi xarisxisa da xasiaTis gansazRvras; dazianebis kerebSi sawarmoo

obieqtebis muSaobasa da sagangebo situaciebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis Zalebis

saqmianobaze maTi gavlenis analizisa da moqmedebaTa iseTi variantebis SerCevas,

romelTa SemTxvevaSic ss da sT-is Zalebisa da saSualebebis minimalur

danakargebs eqneba adgili.

sainJinro viTareba iqmneba aseve Hidroteqnikuri avariebis Sedegad.

ZiriTad hidroteqnikur nagebobebs, romelTa ngrevas (garRvevas) mohyveba

hidrodinamikuri avaria, ekuTvnis kaSxali, wyalmRobi da wyalSemkrebi nagebobebi

(rabebi).

kaSxalis garRvevis ZiriTad Sedegs, hidrodinamikuri avariebis dros,

warmoadgens adgilis katastrofuli datborva.

katastrofuli datborva xasiaTdeba Semdegi parametrebiT:

_ garRvevis talRis maqsimalurad SesaZlo simaRle da siCqare;

_ Sesabamis adgilebSi garRvevis talRis `qoCorisa~ da frontis mosvlis

saangariSo dro;

29

_ SesaZlo datborvis zonis sazRvrebi;

_ adgilis konkretuli monakveTis datborvis maqsimaluri siRrme;

_ teritoriis datborvis xangrZlivoba.

katastrofuli datborva _ aris hidrodinamikuri ubedureba, romelic

warmoadgens xelovnuri an bunebrivi kaSxlebis ngrevis Sedegs da gamoixateba

garRvevis talRis mier qvemoT ganlagebuli adgilebis swraf datborvasa da

wyaldidobebis warmoqmnaSi.

saxanZro viTarebis qveS igulisxmeba stiqiuri ubedurebebis, avariebisa da

katastrofebis, birTvuli iaraRisa da sxva Tanamedrove sabrZolo

gamanadgurebel saSualebaTa damazianebeli faqtorebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad

xanZrebis warmoSoba, rac, Tavis mxriv, gavlenas axdens ekonomikis obieqtebis

funqcionirebis stabilurobasa da mosaxleobis sasicocxlo qmediTunarianobaze.

saxanZro viTarebis Sefaseba gulisxmobs:

_ xanZris masStabebisa da xasiaTis (saxeobis) gansazRvras;

_ Tburi gamosxivebisa da toqsikuri zemoqmedebis zonaTa radiusebiს

განსაზღვრა

_ xanZris siCqarisa da mimarTulebis gansazRvras;

_ dakvamlianebis zonis farTobisa da kvamlis SenarCunebis periodis

gansazRvras;

_ xanZris zemoqmedebaze ekonomikis obieqtebis funqcionirebis

stabilurobisa da mosaxleobis sasicocxlo qmediTunarianobis Sefasebas;

_ xanZrebis qrobisa da lokalizaciis mizniT xanZarsawinaaRmdego საგანგებო

სიტუაციებზე რეაგირების ძალების formirebebis moqmedebaTa dagegmva da am mxriv

racionaluri winadadebebis SemuSaveba.

baqteriologiuri viTareba aris mowinaaRmdegis mier baqterialuri

saSualebebis gamoyenebisas adamianebis, cxovelebisa da mcenareebis

dasnebovnebisaTvis (dasenienebis) warmoqmnili pirobebi.

baqteriologiuri viTarebis Sefaseba xorcieldeba baqterialuri

saSualebebiT, dasnebovnebuli teritoriis, adamianebis, cxovelebis, mcenareebis,

produqtebis, furaJis, wylis wyaroebis sididisa da xarisxis gamosakvlevad, maT

gadasarCenad da dasnebovnebis keris likvidaciisaTvis Casatarebeli RonisZiebebis

Tanmimdevrobis dasasaxavad.

baqteriologiuri viTarebis Sesafaseblad saWiroa vicodeT:

1. gamoyenebuli infeqciuri damaavadeblis saxe;

30

2. baqterialuri saSualebis gamoyenebis dro da saSualebebi;

3. dasnebovnebuli teritoriis sidide;

4. baqterialuri saSualebebiT dasnebovnebis keris sazRvrebi (sazRvrebs

adgenen dasnebovnebuli teritoriidan aRebuli sinjebis gamokvlevis Sedegebis

monacemebiT);

5. mocemuli damaavadeblis saxeobis advilad mimRebi da infeqciis gadamtani

cxovelebis arseboba;

6. damaavadeblis gavrcelebis xelSemwyobi meteorologiuri pirobebi;

7. adamianebis daavadebis gadamtani (sakvebis, furaJis gadatana, savaWro

kavSiri, xalxis mgzavroba da a.S.) sameurneo moqmedebis pirobebi;

8. mocemuli damaavadeblidan adamianebisa da cxovelebis dacvis xarisxi

(acrebi, Sefareba);

9. garemoSi damaavadeblis moqmedebis xangrZlivoba.

baqteriologiuri dasnebovnebis keris sazRvrebs adgenen garemo obieqtidan

aRebuli sinjis laboratoriuli analizebisa da (ganaSenianebul teritoriaze)

adamianebiT dasaxlebul punqtebSi avadmyofi adamianebisa da cxovelebis

arsebobiT.

dezinfeqcia niSnavs infeqciis sawyisis an paTogenuri mikrobebis

mospobas garemoSi (sagnebze, nivTebze, haerSi, niadagSi, wyalSi, adamianebSi,

cxovelebSi da sxva). dezinfeqcia aerTianebs: dezinseqcias – infeqciuri

daavadebis gadamtani mwerebis mospobas da deratizacias – mRrRnelebis mospobas,

ris Sedegadac daavadebis gamomwvevic ispoba. epidsawinaaRmdego RonisZiebaTa

sistemaSi dezinfeqcias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba.

radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebradiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebradiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebradiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebისისისის მეთოდიმეთოდიმეთოდიმეთოდი

adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis xarisxisa da masStabebis, ss da

sT-is formirebebis piradi Semadgenlobisa da mosaxleobis usafrTxo moqmedebis

gansazRvrisaTvis awarmoeben radiaciuli viTarebis gamovlinebasa da mis

Sefasebas.

radiaciuli viTareba warmoadgens adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis

xarisxsa da masStabs, romelic gavlenas axdens obieqtebis muSaobasa da

mosaxleobis sicocxlisunarianobaze.

radiaciuli viTarebis Sefaseba gulisxmobs adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri

dabinZurebis daxasiaTebas (radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis sazRvrebi, radiaciis done,

dasxivebis dozebi) da misi zegavlenis gansazRvras adamianebze, cxovelebze,

31

mcenareebsa da teqnikaze, radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebisas sazRvraven

adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis xarisxsa da zonebs, afaseben

radiaciis saSiSroebis xarisxs adamianebisaTvis da SesaZlebel zians

meurneobisaTvis, adgenen formirebebisa da mosaxleobis radiaqtiuri

nivTierebebiT dabinZurebul teritoriaze yofnisas mizanSewonil moqmedebebs.

radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebis safuZvelze sazRvraven maSveli samuSaoebis

moculobasa da rigiTobas, maTi SesrulebisaTvis saWiro Zalebsa da saSualebebs,

dabinZurebis (dazianebis) keris salikvidacio RonisZiebebs da agreTve

SeimuSaveben radiaqtiur teritoriaze mosaxleobis moqmedebis reJims.

radiaciuli viTarebis gamovlineba da Sefaseba SeiZleba prognozirebis

meTodiTa da dazvervis monacemebis safuZvelze. prognozirebis meTods iyeneben

raionebis, olqebis, qveynis sagangebo situaciebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis

ufrosebi da maTi Stabebi. ekonomikur obieqtebze radiaciul mdgomareobas

gamoavlenen da Seafaseben radiaciuli dazvervis monacemebis safuZvelze.

radiaciuli viTarebis gamovlineba da Sefaseba prognozirebis meTodis dros

ar ganisazRvreba radiaqtiuri nivTierebis Rrublis kvalis zusti ganlagebiT

adgilmdebareobaze. adgenen mxolod winaswar raions, romlis farglebSi 90%-is

albaTobiT SesaZloa misi warmoqmna.

SesaZlo radiaqtiuri danagvianebis zonebi aRiniSneba Semdegnairad: aiReba

afeTqebis centri (epicentri), aRiniSneba qaris mimarTuleba (cnobarebis cxrilis

mixedviT). afeqebis simZlavrisa da rukis masStabis mixedviT Semoixazeba

birTvuli dazianebis kera Sesabamisi radiusiT. qaris mimarTulebis xazi

gagrZeldeba mopirdapire mxares, sadac zemodan da qvemodan gavatarebT 20-200

kuTxeze xazebs, romlebic unda warmoadgendnen Semoxazuli wrexazis mxebebs.

xazs vagrZelebT da miRebul seqtorSi vadgenT SesaZlebel radiaqtiuri

danagvianebis zonebs (farTobebs).

radiaciuli viTarebis prognozireba SeiZleba winaswar mSvidobianobis dros,

magaliTad, samoqalaqo Tavdacvis gegmis Sedgenis dros, romelic unda

dazustdes saerTo gegmis Sedgenisas, romelic unda dazustdes saerTo

mzadyofnis gamocxadebisas, birTvuli iaraRis gamoyenebis Semdeg radiaqtiuri

nivTierebebis daleqvis dawyebamde.

viTarebis prognozirebis dros sawyisi monacemebia:

_ birTvuli afeTqebis dro, saxe da simZlavre;

_ afeTqebis centris (epicentris) koordinatebi;

32

_ qaris saSualo siCqare da mimarTuleba haeris fenaSi dedamiwis zedapiridan

radiaqtiuri Rrublis asvlis simaRlemde.

radiaciuli viTarebis winaswari prognozirebis dros birTvuli afeTqebis

parametrebi miiReba birTvuli iaraRis gamoyenebis yvelaze metad SesaZlebeli

variantidan gamomdinare.

SesaZlebeli birTvuli afeTqebis centrebad (epicentrebad) iReben

axlomdebare kategorirebuli qalaqebis (obieqtebis) geometriul centrebs.

radiaciuli viTarebis gamovlineba da Sefaseba dazvervis monacemebiT ufro

zusti da sruli iqneba, vinaidan igi iwarmoeba adgilmdebareobaze radiaciuli

dazverviT miRebuli faqtobrivi monacemebis safuZvelze. magram radiaciuli

dazvervis warmoebisa da viTarebis monacemebis SekrebisaTvis saWiroa garkveuli

dro. es dro miT meti iqneba, rac ufro didia im teritoriis farTobi, sadac

saWiroa radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebis warmoeba.

amrigad, faqtobrivi radiaciuli viTareba gamovlinebulia radiaciuli

dazvervis monacemebis safuZvelze adgilmdebareobis calkeul wertilSi.

radiaciuli viTarebis monacemis Sekreba da ganzogadebaradiaciuli viTarebis monacemis Sekreba da ganzogadebaradiaciuli viTarebis monacemis Sekreba da ganzogadebaradiaciuli viTarebis monacemis Sekreba da ganzogadeba

maSveli da aRdgenili samuSaoebis warmoebaze gadawyvetilebis miReba, agreTve

obieqtis radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis pirobebSi muSaobis reJimis gansazRvra

xorcieldeba mxolod radiaciuli dazvervis monacemebiT, radiaciuli viTarebis

Sefasebis safuZvelze. amitom radiaciuli viTarebis gamovlineba, radiaciuli

dazvervis monacemebis Sekreba da damuSaveba warmoadgens sagangebo situaciebisa

da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis Stabis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes amocanas.

radiaciuli viTarebis gamovlinebasa da radiaciuli dazvervis monacemebis

Sekrebas awarmoeben obieqtis sagangebo situaciebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis

ufrosisa da misi StabisaTvis Seqmnili radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis drouli

informaciebi.

rogorc dabinZurebis dazvervis jgufebisagan, ise zemdgomi Stabidan miRebuli

yvela monacemi ikribeba da ganzogaddeba obieqtis Stabis mier radiaciuli

viTarebis droulad SefasebisaTvis.

obieqtis sagangebo situaciebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis Stabs unda hqondes

Semdegi sawyisi monacemebi:

1. birTvuli afeTqebis (atomuri eleqtrosadguris avariis) dro, romelmac

gamoiwvia obieqtis teritoriis radiaqtiuri dabinZureba. misi dro SeiZleba iyos

33

dadgenili zemdgomi Stabis mier. Tu raime mizezis gamo afeqTebis dro ar aris

cnobili, mas sazRvraven gaangariSebis gziT.

2. radiaciis doneebi da afeTqebis Semdeg maTi gazomvis dro. vinaidan

radiaciis doneTa gazomva iwarmoebs sxvadasxva dros, mizanSewonilia maTi

dayvana afeTqebidan 1 saaTisaTvis.

3. sagangebo situaciebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis formirebebisa da

mosaxleobis, cxovelebisa da sadgomi Senobebis, mcenareebis, wylis wyaroebis,

produqciisa da sakvebis ganlagebis adgili da maTi mdgomareoba.

4. Senobebis, safrebisa da satransporto saSualebebis radiaciis Semcirebis

koeficienti.

5. dasxivebis dasaSvebi dozebi, romlebic ganisazRvreba Seqmnili viTarebis

safuZvelze, agreTve formirebisa da muSa-mosamsaxureebis mier Sesasrulebeli

amocanebis mixedviT.

dasaSvebi dozebis dadgenisas iTvaliswineben, rom dasxiveba SeiZleba iyos

erTjeradi an mravaljeradi. erTjerad dasxivebad iTvleba pirvel oTx dRe-

RameSi miRebuli dasxiveba. dasxiveba, romelic miiReba oTx dRe-Rameze meti

drois ganmavlobaSi, iqneba mravaljeradi.

radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebisas saWiroa vicodeT, rom radiaqtiuri

nivTierebebiT araTanabrad binZurdeba teritoria. amitom radiaqtiuri Rrublis

kvals yofen oTx ZiriTad zonad. miRebulia, rom radiaciis done afeTqebidan 1

saaTis Semdeg (radiaciis etalonuri done) zonebis gare sazRvrebze iqneba

Sesabamisad 8,80,240 da 800 r/sT, xolo radiaciis dozebi radiaqtiuri

nivTierebebis srul daSlamde _ 40,400,1200 da 4000 rentgeni.

adgilmdebareobis danagvianebis xarisxisa da adamianisaTvis saSiSroebis

mixedviT am zonebs uwodeben zomier, Zlier, saxifaTo da Zlier saxifaTo

dabinZurebis zonebs. rukebsa da gegmebze isini aRiniSneba a, b, g da d asoebiT,

xolo maTi sazRvrebi _ Sesabamisad lurji, mwvane, yavisferi da Savi feris

fanqriT.

radiaciuli viTarebis Sefaseba iTvaliswinebs danagvianebis zonebSi sagangebo

situaciebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis formirebebis (mosaxleobis) moqmedebis

sxvadasxva variantze ZiriTadi amocanebis amoxsnas, miRebuli Sedegebis analizsa

da moqmedebis mizanSewonili variantebis SerCevas, rodesac uzrunvelyofil

iqneba umciresi radiaciuli dazianeba.

radiaciuli viTarebis Sefaseba dazvervis monacemebiT Cveulebriv moicavs

Semdegi amocanebis amoxsnas:

34

I. cnobili radiaciis donis mixedviT dabinZurebis zonebis gansazRvra;

II. dabinZurebis zonebSi yofnis periodSi adamianebis mier miRebuli radiaciis

dozebis gansazRvra;

III. dabinZurebis zonebis gadalaxvisas adamianebis mier miRebuli radiaciis

dozebis gansazRvra;

IV. cnobili radiaciis donis mixedviT dabinZurebis zonebSi dasaSvebi drois

gansazRvra;

V. maSveli samuSaoebis dawyebis dasaSvebi drois gansazRvra mocemuli dozisa

da muSaobis xangrZlivobis mixedviT;

VI. samuSaoebis warmoebisaTvis cvlaTa raodenobis gansazRvra obieqtze

Seqmnili radiaciuli viTarebis mixedviT;

VII. muSebisa da mosamsaxureebis muSaobis reJimis gansazRvra radiaciuli

dabinZurebis pirobebSi.

radiaciuli viTarebiradiaciuli viTarebiradiaciuli viTarebiradiaciuli viTarebiსსსს შეფასებისშეფასებისშეფასებისშეფასების პრაქტიკულიპრაქტიკულიპრაქტიკულიპრაქტიკული ნაგალითებინაგალითებინაგალითებინაგალითები

amocana. amocana. amocana. amocana. dabinZurebis zonebSi yofnis periodSi adamianebis mier miRebuli

radiaciis dozebis gansazRvra.

adamianebis mier miRebuli radiaciis dozebi ganisazRvreba radiaqtiuri

dasxivebis kontrolis monacemebiT an adgilmdebareobaze radiaciis donis

gazomvis maCveneblebis mixedviT.

radiaqtiuri dasxivebis kontrols awarmoeben individualuri dozimetrebis

kompleqtebiT.

imisaTvis, rom ganvsazRvroT gaangariSebis gziT radiaqtiuri nivTierebebiT

dabinZurebul teritoriaze dasxivebis doza, saWiroa vicodeT:

_ radiaciis doneთა mniSvnelobebi afeTqebidan garkveuli drois Semdeg.

kerZod: radiaciis done dabinZurebis zonaSi Sesvlis dros da radiaciis done

dabinZurebuli zonidan gamosvlis dros;

_ dabinZurebul teritoriaze yofnis xangrZlivoba _ t (sT);

_ piradi Semadgenlobis dacvis xarisxi _ K.

radiaciis dones sazRvraven radiaciuli dazvervis xelsawyoebiT. piradi

Semadgenlobis dacvis xarisxi xasiaTdeba safrebis an gadaadgilebis

saSualebebis radiaciis dozebis Semcirebis koeficientiT (cxrili me-1).

miRebuli dasxivebis dozis gansazRvrisaTvis gamoiyeneba formula:

,K

tPD

⋅= saS

35

sadac PsaS_ radiaciis donis saSualo mniSvnelobaa dasxivebis mTeli

periodis ganmavlobaSi (r/sT);

t_ dabinZurebul zonaSi yofnis xangrZlivoba (sT);

K _ radiaciis (dasxivebis dozis) Semcirebis koeficienti. radiaciis saSualo

dones PsaS. sazRvraven formuliT:

,2

PPP damT.dawy.

saS

+=

sadac: Pdawy. aris radiaciis done dabinZurebis zonaSi Sesvlis dros

(dasxivebis dawyebisas);

PdamT. _ radiaciis done dabinZurebuli zonidan gamosvlis dros (dasxivebis

damTavrebisas).

amrigad, dasxivebis dozis gansazRvris formula SeiZleba davweroT

Semdegnairad:

tK2

PPD ⋅

⋅+

= damT.dawy.,

magaliTi 1. ganvsazRvroT dasxivebis doza, romelsac miiReben adamianebi

muSaobis eqvsi saaTis ganmavlobaSi dasxivebul punqtSi, Tu dasxivebis dasawyisSi

radiaciis done iyo 3,5 r/sT, xolo muSaobis damTavrebisas 0,7 r/sT.

amoxsna: gamoviyenoT formula:

tK2

PPD ⋅

⋅+

= damT.dawy..

aqedan

r.6,12612

7,05,3D =⋅

⋅+=

magaliTi 2. ganvsazRvroT dasxivebis doza, romelsac miiReben adamianebi xis

saxlebSi (K = 3) 8 saaTis ganmavlobaSi dasaxlebul punqtSi, Tu dasxivebis

dasawyisSi radiaciis done iyo 3,5 r/sT, xolo dasxivebis damTavrebisas (bolos)

_ 0,5 r/sT.

amoxsna: gamoviyenoT formula:

tK2

PPD ⋅

+= damT.dawy.

36

aqedan

r.5832

5,05,3D =⋅

⋅+=

xrili

1.

radiaciisradiaciisradiaciisradiaciis SemcirebisSemcirebisSemcirebisSemcirebis koeficientikoeficientikoeficientikoeficienti ((((KSemcSemcSemcSemc....). ). ). ). saSualo mniSvnelobasaSualo mniSvnelobasaSualo mniSvnelobasaSualo mniSvneloba

safrebisa da satransporto

saSualebebis dasaxeleba

Semcirebis koeficienti

Ria adgilmdebareobaze yofnisas

Ria Txrili

gadaxuruli Txrili

avtomanqanebi da avtobusebi

buldozerebi, avtogreiderebi

satvirTo vagonebi

samgzavro vagonebi

erTsarTuliani sawarmoo Senoba

(saamqro). sacxovrebeli xis saxlebi:

_ erTsarTuliani

_ orsarTuliani

sacxovrebeli qvis saxlebi:

_ erTsarTuliani

_ orsarTuliani

sardafebi:

_ erTsarTuliani xis saxlis

_ orsarTuliani xis saxlis

_ erTsarTuliani qvis saxlis

_ orsarTuliani qvis saxlis

_ mravalsarTuliani qvis saxlis

radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safrebi:

I jgufis

II jgufis

III jgufis

TavSesafrebi

1

3

40

2

4

2

3

7

3

8

10

15

7

12

40

100

400

200 da meti

50-200

20-50

1000

37

ZliermoqmediZliermoqmediZliermoqmediZliermoqmedi momwamvlelimomwamvlelimomwamvlelimomwamvleli SxamianiSxamianiSxamianiSxamiani nivTierebebiTnivTierebebiTnivTierebebiTnivTierebebiT

((((ZmSnZmSnZmSnZmSn----iTiTiTiT) ) ) ) mowamvlismowamvlismowamvlismowamvlis შემთხვევაშიშემთხვევაშიშემთხვევაშიშემთხვევაში ქიმიურიქიმიურიქიმიურიქიმიური ვითარებისვითარებისვითარებისვითარების შეფასებისშეფასებისშეფასებისშეფასების მეთოდიმეთოდიმეთოდიმეთოდი

ZmSn-iT mowamluli zonis prognozirebisa da Sefasebis qveS igulisxmeba:

_ ZmSn-is moqmedebis xangrZlivobis gansazRvra:

_ mowamvlis zonis geometriuli parametrebis (ZmSn-is Rrublis gavrcelebis

siRrmisa da dasnebovnebuli zonis gaSlis kuTxis) gansazRvra da saWiroebisamebr

maTi rukaze gadatana;

_ mowamvlis zonis SesaZlo da faqtobrivi farTobebis gaangariSeba;

_ calkeul SemTxvevaSi, mocemul obieqtamde (adgilamde) mowamluli haeris

masebis miaxloebis drois gansazRvra.

ZmSn-iT mowamluli zonis masStabebi uSualod damokidebulia momwamvleli

nivTierebebis fizikur Tvisebebsa da maT agregatul mdgomareobaze, maTi

mniSvnelobebi ganisazRvreba rogorc pirveladi, aseve meoreuli Rrublebis

mixedviT. ase magaliTad:

_ gaTxevadebuli gazebisaTvis _ pirvelad da meoreuli Rrublebis mixedviT.

_ SekumSuli gzebisaTvis _ mxolod pirveladi Rrublis mixedviT.

_ Sxamiani xsnarebisaTvis, romlebic duRils iwyeben garemos temperaturaze

meti temperaturis dros _ mxolod meoreuli Rrublebis mixedviT.

mowamluli zonis masStabebis SefasebisaTvis saWiroa vicodeT Semdegi:

_ qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebze ZmSn-is saerTo raodenoba da monacemebi misi

maragebis, sacavebisa da teqnologiuri milgayvanilobebSi ganTavsebis Sesaxeb.

_ garemoSi gamoTavisuflebuli ZmSn-is raodenoba, misi sacavis irgvliv

daRvris xasiaTi.

_ ZmSn-is WurWlis fskeris simaRle an miwayrilis done miwis zedapiridan.

_ meteorologiuri pirobebi: haeris temperatura, qaris siCqare miwis

zedapiridan 10 m-is simaRleze, haeris vertikaluri mdgradobis xarisxi, romlis

Sefaseba SesaZlebelia qaris siCqaris, dRe-Ramis droisa da amindis Sesabamisad

cxrilis saSualebiT.

qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebze SesaZlo avariebis SemTxvevaSi ZmSn-is

mowamluli zonis masStabebis prognozirebisa da winaswari gaangariSebisaTvis

ZmSn-is saangariSo odenobad (Q0) Rebuloben, mis maqsimalur moculobiT

Semcvelobas calkeul WurWelSi (teqnologiuri, sasawyobo, satransporto da

38

sxva), xolo Tu qimiurad saxifaTo obieqti mdebareobs seismur raionSi, maSin

ZmSn-is saangariSo odenobad Rebuloben maT saerTo raodenobas (yvela sacavSi

erTad aRebuli), am SemTxvevaSi meteorologiuri pirobebis qveS igulisxmeba:

inversia; qaris siCqare _ 1 m/wm.

qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebze ukve momxdari avariebis Sedegad mowamluli

zonebis masStabebis Sefasebisa da gaangariSebis SemTxvevaSi, mxedvelobaSi

miiReba, amjerad, avariis Sedegad garemoSi gamoyofili ZmSn-is Sesaxeb

konkretuli (realuri) monacemebi da avariis momentisaTvis arsebuli

meteorologiuri pirobebi. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom mowamluli zonebis Sefasebis

dros igulisxmeba _ avariis Sedegad ZmSn-is sacavebis sruli dangreva (dazianeba).

ZmSn-ebis winaswar gaangariSebuli ekvivalenturi raodenobisa da qaris

siCqaris mixedviT ganisazRvreba, Sesabamisad, mowamvlis zonis SesaZlo

gavrcelebis siRrme da mowamluli haeris masebis gadatanis SesaZlo zRvruli

siRrme, romelTagan swored umciresi warmoadgens ZmSn-iT mowamluli zonis

gavrcelebis prognozirebad siRrmes.

ZmSn----ebisebisebisebis ekvivalenturiekvivalenturiekvivalenturiekvivalenturi raodenobisaraodenobisaraodenobisaraodenobisa

dadadada moqmedebismoqmedebismoqmedebismoqmedebis ((((aorTqlebisaorTqlebisaorTqlebisaorTqlebis) ) ) ) xangrZlivobisxangrZlivobisxangrZlivobisxangrZlivobis gansazRvragansazRvragansazRvragansazRvra....

ZmSn-is ekvivalenturi raodenobis qveS igulisxmeba qloris iseTi raodenoba,

romelic inversiis pirobebSi qmnis mocemuli ZmSn-is mier arsebuli haeris

vertikaluri mdgradobis xarisxis pirobebSi Seqmnili mowamluli zonis

ekvivalentur zonas.

qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebis avariis Sedegad garemoSi gamoyofili romelime

ZmSn-is ekvivalenturi raodenoba, pirveladi Rrublis warmoqmnis SemTxvevaSi

ganisazRvreba (1) formuliT:

QekvI = K1 . K3 . K5 . K7. Q0, (1)

xolo meoreuli Rrublis warmoqmnis SemTxvevaSi (2) formuliT:

Qekv.II = (1-K1) . K2 . K3 . K4 . K5 . K6 . K7. dh

Qo

⋅, (2)

(1) da (2) formulebSi gamoyenebulia Semdegi koeficientebi da aRniSvnebi:

K1 _ ZmSn-is Senaxvis pirobebis koeficienti, misi mniSvnelobebi warmodgenilia

cxrilSi, SekumSuli gazebisaTvis K1 = 1; misi mniSvnelobebi im gaTxevadebuli

39

gazebisaTvis, romlebic cxrilSi ar aris mocemuli gamoiTvleba qvemoT

moyvanili formuliT:

,H

TCK p

1aorT.∆∆

=

sadac:

Cp _ Txevadi ZmSn-is xvedriTi Tbotevadoba, kj/kg. grad.;

T _ avariamde da avariis Semdeg Txevadi ZmSn-is temperaturaTa sxvaoba, 0C;

aorTql. _ Txevadi ZmSn-is aorTqlebis xvedriTi siTbo aorTqlebis

temperaturis pirobebSi, j/kg;

K2 _ ZmSn-is fizikuri da qimiuri Tvisebebis gasaTvaliswinebeli koeficienti.

misi mniSvnelobebi warmodgenilia cxrilSi da zogad SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba

gamoiTvalos qvemoT moyvanili formuliT:

K2 = 8,1 . 10-6 . P . M .ZmSn

3 D

DK α=

P_ mocemul temperaturaze ZmSn-is gajerebuli orTqlis wnevaa, vercxl. wyl.

sv. mm-Si;

M _ ZmSn-is molekuluri wonaa.

ZmSnD

DK 3

α=

sadac: αD _ qloris damazianebeli toqsodozaa da is tolia 0,6 mg.wT/l.

DZmSn _ ZmSn-is damazianebeli toqsodozaa. misi mniSvnelobebi ganisazRvreba

cxrilis saSualebiT.

K4 _ qaris siCqaris gasaTvaliswinebeli koeficienti. misi mniSvnelobebi

ganisazRvreba cxrili saSualebiT.

K5 _ haeris vertikaluri mdgradobis xarisxis gasaTvaliswinebeli

koeficienti, inversiis dros K5 = 1, izoTermiis dros K5=0.23 da konveqciis dros

K5 = 0,08.

K6 _ es aris koeficienti, romelic damokidebulia avariis moxdenidan gasul

droze T1 da ZmSn-is damazianebeli moqmedebis (aorTqlebis) droze T2. misi

mniSvnelobebi SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc (3) formulebis saSualebiT, aseve

cxrilis mixedviTac.

40

>

<=

218,0

2

218,0

16

TT,T

TT,TK

roca

roca

(3)

ZmSn-ebis aorTqlebis xangrZlivoba ki ganisazRvreba (4) formulis saSualebiT:

,

KKKdh

T742

2 ⋅⋅⋅=

(4)

sadac:

h _ daRvris zedapirze ZmSn-is Sris sisqea m-Si, rodesac adgili aqvs ZmSn-is

sacavis irgvliv zedapirze (qvesagebze) Tavisuflad daRvras, misi mniSvneloba

aiReba 0,05-is toli, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac iRvreba Semozvinuli

sacavidan, maSin h = H- -0,2 m-Si; sadac H miwayrilis simaRlea m-Si.

xolo, roca T2<1sT-ze, maSin K6 aiReba 1sT-is Sesabamisi, e.i. 1-is toli.

K7 _ haeris temperaturis gasaTvaliswinebeli koeficienti, misi mniSvneloba

ganisazRvreba cxrilis saSualebiT.

Qo _ avariis Sedegad gamofrqveuli, an gadmoqceuldi ZmSn-is raodenobaa t-Si,

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu avaria moxda SekumSuli gazis sacavSi, maSin Qo _

ganisazRvreba qvemoT moyvanili formuliT:

Qo = d .V,

d _ ZmSn-is simkvrivea t/m3. misi mniSvnelobebi ganisazRvreba cxrilis

saSualebiT.

V _ sacavis moculobaa m3.

im SemTxvevaSi, roca avarias adgili aqvs gazgayvanilobis magistralze, maSin

Qo ganisazRvreba Semdegi formuliT:

100a.g.Vdn

Q0

⋅⋅=

sadac:

n _ ZmSn-is bunebriv gazSi procentuli Semcvelobaa.

Va.g. _ gazgayvanilobis avtomatur gamyofebs Soris moTavsebuli seqciis

moculobaa m3.

41

ZmSn-iT SesaZlo mowamluli zonis siRrmis prognozirebisas qimiurad

saxifaTo avariis SemTxvevaSi, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli obieqtebze

arsebuli sxvadasxva ZmSn-ebis jamuri maragis erTdrouli gamoTavisufleba

garemoSi, metorologiuri pirobebi aseT SemTxvevaSi miiReba Semdegi: haeris

vertikaluri mdgradobis xarisxi _ inversia, qaris siCqare 1 m/wm, ZmSn-is jamuri

maragis ekvivalenturi raodenoba ki ganisazRvreba (5) formuliT, meoreuli

Rrublis warmoqmnis SemTxvevis msgavsad.

ii,0i,7i,6i,3

n

1ii,254 d/QKKKKKK20Q ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅= ∑

=ekv.

(5)

sadac:

n _ qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtze arsebuli ZmSn-Ta saerTo raodenobaa.

i _ ZmSn-ebis mTvleli indeqsi.

mas Semdeg, rac ganisazRvreba avariis Sedegad erTi romelime ZmSn-is

mowamluli zonis siRrme, rogorc pirveladi, aseve meoreuli Rrublis mixedviT,

unda gamoiTvalos ZmSn-iT mowamluli zonis sruli siRrmis mniSvneloba Semdegi

formuliT:

R = R1 + 0.5 . R11 ,

(6)

sadac:

R1 _ pirveladi da meoreuli Rrublebis mixedviT gansazRvruli ZmSn-ebiT

mowamluli zonis siRrmeTagan udidesi;

RII _ pirveladi da meoreuli Rrublis mixedviT gansazRvruli ZmSn-iT

mowamluli zonis siRrmeTagan umciresi.

(6) formuliT napovni ZmSn-is mowamluli zonis sruli siRrmis sidide

aucilebelia SevadaroT cxriliT gansazRvruli mowamluli haeris masebis

gadatanis SesaZlo zRvrul sididesTan da sabolood miviRoT am ori sidididan

umciresi.

ZmSn----iTiTiTiT mowamlulimowamlulimowamlulimowamluli zoniszoniszoniszonis farTobisfarTobisfarTobisfarTobis gansazRvragansazRvragansazRvragansazRvra dadadada misimisimisimisi geometriuligeometriuligeometriuligeometriuli zomebiszomebiszomebiszomebis

rukazerukazerukazerukaze datanisdatanisdatanisdatanis wwwwesiesiesiesi

42

ZmSn-is SesaZlo mowamvlis zonis farTobi aris im teritoriis farTobi,

romlis sazRvrebSic, qaris mimarTulebis cvlilebis zegavleniT, ZmSn-is

Rrubeli SeiZleba gadaadgildes. am zonis farTobis sidide ganisazRvreba (7)

formuliT:

SSesaZ. = 8,72 . 10-3 . R2 . � km2

(7)

sadac:

R _ mowamluli zonis siRrme, km-Si;

f _ mowamluli zonis gaSlis kuTxuri zoma, grad-Si, romlis mniSvnelobebi

ganisazRvreba cxrilis saSualebiT:

dadgenili kuTxuri zomis, qaris mimarTulebisa da ganxiluli meTodikis

safuZvelze gansazRvruli mowamluli zonis siRrmis saSualebiT xdeba mocemuli

adgilis rukebze ZmSn-is mowamluli zonebis aRniSvna. kerZod, SesaZlo

mowamluli zona warmoidgineba iseTi wris, naxevrwris an seqtoris saxiT,

romlis centric emTxveva mowamvlis wyaros; radiusi _ mowamluli zonis

siRrmes; centraluri kuTxe _ mowamluli zonis gaSlis kuTxes. xolo avariis

momentisaTvis qaris mimarTuleba im sxivis Tanxvdenilia, romelic aRniSnuli

zonis gaSlis kuTxes Suaze yofs.

rac Seexeba ZmSn-iT faqtobrivad mowamluli zonis farTobs, es im

teritoriis farTobia, romelic mowamlulia ZmSn-iT adamianebisaTvis saxifaTo

dozis sazRvrebSi, misi sidide gamoiTvleba (8) formulis saSualebiT:

Sfaq. = Ks . R2 . T10,2 , km2, (8)

sadac:

Ks _ koeficienti, romelic damokidebulia haeris vertikaluri mdgradobis

xarisxze da misi mniSvneloba Sesabamisad etoleba: inversiis SemTxvevaSi 0,081;

izoTermiis SemTxvevaSi _ 0,133 da konveqciis SemTxvevaSi _ 0,235

T1 _ avariis dawyebidan gasuli dro, sT-Si

ZmSn----iT mowamluli haeris mocemul obieqtamde miaxloebis iT mowamluli haeris mocemul obieqtamde miaxloebis iT mowamluli haeris mocemul obieqtamde miaxloebis iT mowamluli haeris mocemul obieqtamde miaxloebis

drois gansazRvradrois gansazRvradrois gansazRvradrois gansazRvra

43

ZmSn-is Rrublis mocemul obieqtamde moaxloebis xangrZlivoba damokidebulia

haeris nakadiT Rrublis gadatanis siCqareze da gamoiTvleba formuliT:

,sTV

Xt =

(9)

sadac: X _ manZilia mowamvlis wyarodan mocemul obieqtamde, km-Si.

V_ mowamluli haeris wina frontis (Rrublis) gadaadgilebis siCqarea, km/sT-

Si, romlis ricxviTi mniSvneloba damokidebulia haeris vertikaluri mdgradobis

xarisxsa da qaris siCqareze, mniSvnelobebi ganisazRvreba cxrilis mixedviT.

Tema Tema Tema Tema № 3333

sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebo situaciebissituaciebissituaciebissituaciebis marTvismarTvismarTvismarTvis fsiqfsiqfsiqfsiqologiuriologiuriologiuriologiuri aspeqtebiaspeqtebiaspeqtebiaspeqtebi da sagangeboda sagangeboda sagangeboda sagangebo situaciebSisituaciebSisituaciebSisituaciebSi

qcevisaqcevisaqcevisaqcevisa dadadada moqmedebismoqmedebismoqmedebismoqmedebis wesebiwesebiwesebiwesebi

sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebo situaciebissituaciebissituaciebissituaciebis marTvismarTvismarTvismarTvis fsiqologiurifsiqologiurifsiqologiurifsiqologiuri aspeqtebiaspeqtebiaspeqtebiaspeqtebi

sagangebo situaciebiT gamowveuli damazianebeli faqtorebisagan,

niSandoblivia adamianze fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba, romelic sagangebo

situaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mavne zemoqmedebebisagan (qimiuri, meqanikuri,

eleqtromagnituri, radiaciuli, biologiuri, toqsikuri, Tburi da a.S) imiT

gamoirCeva, rom igi aramaterialuri xasiaTisaa da SeiZleba axasiaTebdes

nebismieri saxis sagangebo situacias. sagangebo situaciebiT gamowveuli

fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba pirvel rigSi dakavSirebulia adamianebSi panikuri

SiSis gancdasTan. rac adamians uqmnis, rogorc fizikur safrTxes stresuli

moSlilobisa da fsiqikuri daavadebis saxiT, aramed sagangebo situaciebis

marTvis procesSi iwvevs seriozul Seferxebebs umarTavi adamianTa jgufebis

gaCenis TvalsazrisiT.

SiSi es aris konkretul xifaTze adamianis cnobierebaSi gamowveuli

fsiqologiuri reaqcia.

xifaTze reaqciebi sxvadasxva xarisxis SeiZleba iyos (kategoriebi):

_ SekrToba;

_ SiSi;

_ panikuri SiSi

_ mudmivi SiSi;

_ saSinelebis gancda.

44

SiSi es aris konkretuli xifaTis winaSe daucvelobis (ususurobis) gancda.

Sesabamisad igi aiZulebs adamians ganeridos an Tavidan aicilos SiSis wyaro -

xifaTi. e.i. SiSi es aris gancda, gamowveuli konkretuli magram jer ar

ganxorcielebuli safrTxisagan. igi qreba qmedebis ganxorcielebisas misgan Tavis

aridebis mizniT an xifaTis gadalaxvisTanave. amdenad SiSi ufro mtanjvelia,

ramdenadac droSi gaWianurebuli.

xifaTis gancdas gaaCnia emociuri da ara inteleqtualuri buneba, romelic

ganpirobebulia fantaziebiTa da STagonebebiT.

SiSis erT-erTi nairsaxeobaa panika (panikuri SiSi). es is SemTxvevaa roca SiSis

Zala ar aris gamarTlebuli misi gamomwvevi mizezebiT.

Zveli berZnebisaTvis `pani~ iyo omis RmerTi. mas hqonda mikuTvnebuli

mistiuri unari adamianSi Caesaxa SiSi. jarebi gadaeqcia SeSinebul adamianTa

brbod, romlebsac dakarguli hqondaT unari _ gaekontrolebinaT TavianTi

saqcieli.

panika es aris koleqtiuri Soki, masobrivi STagoneba.

panikaSi Cavardnili individi Zalian advilad eqceva STagonebis gavlenis

qveS. amdenad STagonebis faqtorebi SemdgomSi gansazRvraven panikis

mimdinareobas.

panikis mizezebi SeiZleba iyos:

1. ukiduresi gadaRla, daqancva (gonebrivi), didi danakargis, wagebis,

gauTavebeli gadajgufebis Sedegad araorganizebulobis gancda. radganac am

SemTxvevaSi mkveTrad mcirdeba adamianis Segnebuli aqtiuroba.

2. Segnebuli aqtiurobis Zlier daqveiTebuli tonusi. rac ganapirobebs

individis uunarobas marTebulad imoqmedos kritikul situaciebSi.

3. amaRlebuli emociuri aRznebadoba, romelic ganapirobebs warmosaxvebis

(fantaziebis) aqtivizirebas, roca stimulireba xdeba impulsuri, araracionaluri

moqmedebebisa.

4. imedis (rwmenis) dakargva xelmZRvanelobis mxridan. am SemTxvevaSi

individi advilad vardeba sxvebis gavlenis qveS.

5. katastrofebis safrTxis moulodneli myisieri Semoteva.

panika Zlierdeba iq, sadac sustdeba erToba da organizebuloba. e.i. roca

irRveva gamaerTianebeli faqtorebi. roca irRveva komunikaciis arxebi.

SeuZlebeli xdeba informaciis miReba. ase magaliTad: didi xmauri, mtveri, nisli,

bneli Rame, romelTa gamoisobiTac gamaerTianebeli komunikaciebi SeiZleba

gaqres.

45

panikasTanpanikasTanpanikasTanpanikasTan brZolabrZolabrZolabrZola

profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebi:

- emociuri adamianebis meTvalyureobis qveS ayvana (panikiorebis da

aRznebuli xalxis izolireba) maTi aRznebulobis donis kontroli).

- adamianebSi negatiuri reaqciebis ganviTarebis xarisxis gansazRvra. maTi

mizezebi, motivebi, masStabebi, Worebi, muqarebi, avariebi da a.S.

- SeirCes informaciis tipi negatiuri reaqciebis neitralizaciis mizniT.

(viTarebis Sesaxeb utyuari, gamWirvale, swori, aragamaRizianebeli informaciis,

ganmartebis, mowodebis momzadeba da SerCeva).

- swori moqmedebaTa magaliTebis Seqmna (misabaZad).

- sworad, operatiulad, mkafiod, darwmunebulobis demonstrirebiT

RonisZiebebis gatareba.

- panikis qveS myofi jgufebis mSvid adgilebSi gayvana, daSoSmineba.

- eqspresiuli Zlieri saSualebebis gamoyeneba yuradRebis gadatanis

mizniT, romelic gamoiwvevs gakvirvebas (arasasiamovno SegrZnebebi, gaurkvevloba

sxva mimarTulebiT) xmamaRali musika, optikuri da sinaTlis efeqtebi da sxva.

- adamianebis gonebis gantvirTva fizikuri varjiSiT an datvirTvebiT

ganmuxtva (fsiqoneirul hormonebisagan ganTavisufleba).

- didi roli eniWeba sayovelTao swavlebis droul da winaswar

organizebas savaldebulo formiT mosaxleobis yvela fenebisaTvis. ra

RonisZiebebi gatardeba an ra keTdeba adamianebis dacvis mizniT. magram

adamianebma, Tu ar ician magaliTad Tu ra aris radiacia da misi dozebi, es

Sedegs ar mogvcems. igive qimiuri da sxva viTarebebis SemTxvevaSi. amdenad

aucilebelia elementaruli codna da ganmartebebi damazianebeli faqtorebis

Sesaxeb.

- autotreningi TviTSTagoneba, TviTmomzadeba, misi gaanalizeba da

aucilebloba.

- religiuri da administraciuli ritualebis efeqturad da droulad

Catareba.

- xelmZRvaneli pirebis piradi magaliTis demonstrireba. adamianebis

gverdiT yofna da maTTvis mxardaWera.

- meores mxriv, qcevis da moqmedebis wesebis swavleba organizebulobis

xarisxs amaRlebs da fsiqologiurad TviTdarwmunebuls xdis adamians (da ara

marto konkretulad qcevis wesebs aswavlis maT).

46

SiSisSiSisSiSisSiSis gancdagancdagancdagancda xSiradxSiradxSiradxSirad mmmmizeziizeziizeziizezi xdebaxdebaxdebaxdeba adamianisadamianisadamianisadamianis stresulistresulistresulistresuli moSlolobis,moSlolobis,moSlolobis,moSlolobis, racracracrac

xSiradxSiradxSiradxSirad ufroufroufroufro metmetmetmet zianszianszianszians ayenebsayenebsayenebsayenebs rogorcrogorcrogorcrogorc TavadTavadTavadTavad pirovnebas,pirovnebas,pirovnebas,pirovnebas, iseveiseveiseveiseve sazogadoebas,sazogadoebas,sazogadoebas,sazogadoebas,

vidrevidrevidrevidre sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebo situaciebissituaciebissituaciebissituaciebis damazianebelidamazianebelidamazianebelidamazianebeli faqtorebisaganfaqtorebisaganfaqtorebisaganfaqtorebisagan gamowveuligamowveuligamowveuligamowveuli Sedegebi.Sedegebi.Sedegebi.Sedegebi.

sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebo situaciebSisituaciebSisituaciebSisituaciebSi qcevisaqcevisaqcevisaqcevisa dadadada moqmedebismoqmedebismoqmedebismoqmedebis wesebiwesebiwesebiwesebi

miwismiwismiwismiwisZvraZvraZvraZvra

miwisZvramiwisZvramiwisZvramiwisZvra _ aris dedamiwis qerqSi an zeda mantiaSi, seismuri filaqanebis

uecari gadaadgilebiT an rRveviT gamowveuli miwisqveSa biZgebi da dedamiwis

zedapiris ryeva, romelic did manZilze gadaicema drekadi (talRebis) ryevebis

saxiT. wertils dedamiwis qerqSi, saidanac vrceldeba seismuri talRebi, ewodeba

miwisZvris hipocentri, dedamiwis zedapirze, miwisZvris hipocentridan umoklesi

manZiliT (amave dros es manZili warmoadgens miwisZvris keris siRrmes)

dacilebul adgils _ epicentri. miwisZvris dros Tavisufldeba kinetikuri

energiis udidesi raodenoba. talRebis saerTo energia, anu miwisZvris simZlavre

(siZliere) izomeba magnitudebSi, romelic gamoiyeneba miwisZvris energetikuli

klasifikaciisaTvis. rixteris skaliT 1-dan 9-mde magnitudis miwisZvris

intensivoba fasdeba 12-baliani (“EMS-98” – erTiani makroseismuri skala) seismuri

skaliT. balis sidide damokidebulia epicentridan daSorebaze, keris siRrmesa da

magnitudaze. pirobiTad, miwisZvris balis sididis, anu dedamiwis zedapiris

ryevis intensivobis mixedviT ganasxvaveben sust (1-4 bali), Zlier (5-7 bali) da

damangrevel (8 da ufro meti bali) miwisZvrebs. Senoba-nagebobebis sesmuri

medegoba gaTvlilia balebze.

miwisZvris dros skdeba

da imsxvreva fanjris minebi,

Taroebidan cviva sagnebi,

Weridan baTqaSi, iryeva

wignebis karadebi, irxeva

WaRebi, kedlebSi da WerSi

Cndeba bzarebi. yvelafers amas

Tan sdevs gamayruebeli xmauri.

ryevis dawyebidan 10-20 wamis

Semdeg Zlierdeba miwisqveSa

biZgebi, ris Sedegadac ingreva Senoba-nagebobebi, sul aTiode Zlieri Seryeva

angrevs mTel Senobas. saSualo miwisZvra 5-20 wams grZeldeba. rac ufro did xans

grZeldeba ryeva, miT ufro Zlieria dazianebebi.

47

gaxsovdeT, rom miwisZvras Tan sdevs ngreva, dazianeba da xSirad adamianTa

msxverpli. samwuxarod, kacobriobas jerjerobiT ar Seuqmnia Cveni usafrTxoebis

uzrunvelmyofi raime saSualeba, garda imisa, rom Senoba-nagebobebi unda

Sendebodes dawesebuli seismuri normebis dacviT.

rogor unda moviqceT da ra unda vicodeT miwisZvramde:rogor unda moviqceT da ra unda vicodeT miwisZvramde:rogor unda moviqceT da ra unda vicodeT miwisZvramde:rogor unda moviqceT da ra unda vicodeT miwisZvramde:

ecadeT yovelTvis winaswar gqondeT gaazrebuli miwisZvris SemTxvevisaTvis

saxlSi, samsaxurSi, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi, transportsa da quCaSi

yofnisas moqmedebis normebi. aswavleT ojaxis wevrebs da axloblebs pirveli

samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenis wesebi, ganumarteT maT, Tu ra unda icodnen da

rogor unda moiqcnen mosalodnel miwisZvramde:

_ droulad gaiazreT Senobidan gamosvlis marSruti pirveli sarTulis

fanjrebis CaTvliT ise, rom Senobis datoveba SeiZlebodes 15-20 wamis

ganmavlobaSi ganmeorebiTi biZgebamde;

_ icodeT, rom miwisZvrisas yvelaze saSiSia lifti da kibis ujredi, gare

da Sida kedlebis didi Seminuli Riobebi, Senobis kuTxis oTaxebi;

_ gansazRvreT yvelaze ufro xelsayreli usafrTxo adgili (binaSi,

samsaxurSi, samuSao adgilTan axlos), sadac SeiZleba biZgebis Sewyvetamde dacda.

asawyobi samSeneblo konstruqciebiT gadaxuruli SenobebSi _ kapitaluri Sida

kedlebis Riobebi, monoliTur, karkasul da Yyvela danarCen sxva tipis SenobebSi,

sadac gamoyenebuli ar aris gadaxurvis asawyobi rkinabetonis filebi _ rogorc

Sida mzidi kedlebis Riobebi, aseve oTaxis Sida mzidi kedlebis mimdebare

kuTxeebi;

_ yovelTvis gqondeT jibis farani da radiomimRebi sawolTan axlos;

_ mzadyofnaSi iqonieT 2-3 dRis wylisa da sursaTis maragi (erT sulze 4-5

litri wyali, konservebi da sxva), samedicino preparatebi, dokumentebi,

Zvirfaseuloba, Tbili tansacmeli, raTa dro ar daikargos saxlis datovebis win

maT moZiebasa da gamzadebaze;

_ amoiwereT da Tan gqondeT saswrafo daxmarebis, saxanZrosa da policiis

gamosaZaxeblad telefonis nomrebi;

_ nu moawyobT Taroebs saZinebeli adgilebis Tavze, Sesasvleli karebis,

gazquris, pirsabanebis da unitazis zemoT;

M _ nu ganaTavsebT zeda Taroebze da antresolebze mZime sagnebs.

_ miamagreT kedlebze wignis karadebi, Taroebi, stelaJebi da sxva mZime

aveji, romelTa gadayiravebamac SeiZleba gamoiwvios adamianis dazianeba;

48

_ wylis gamacxeleblebi da gazqurebi kedlebze miamagreT liTonis drekadi

lentis saSualebiT;

_ nu moawyobT saZinebel adgilebs did fanjrebTan an Seminul tixrebTan.

gaxsovdeT Senobis deformaciis dros, pirvel rigSi imsxvreva mina, ramac

SeiZleba gamoiwvios adamianTa mniSvnelovani dazianebebi (Rrma Wrilobebi,

Zlieri sisxldena);

_ saimedod daamagreT WaRebi, nu gamoiyenebT minis abaJurebs;

_ nu CaxergavT binaSi Sesasvlels, derefans da kibis baqans, nu

gadatvirTavT sxvadasxva sagniT gasasvlelebs, raTa swrafad SeiZlebodes

gamosvla da ar Seferxdes maSvelebis moZraoba;

_ SeinaxeT saSiSi nivTierebebi (Sxamqimikatebi, adviladaalebadi siTxeebi)

saimedo, kargad izolirebul adgilebSi;

_ yvelam unda icodes eleqtrodenis gamomrTvelis, SenobaSi Semomavali

gazisa da wyalsadenis onkanebis adgilmdebareoba, raTa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi

gamorTon eleqtroenergia, gazi da wyali.

_ SeiswavleT pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis wesebi, iqonieT pirveladi

samedicino daxmarebis afTiaqi;

_ Tu gyavT skolis asakis mcirewlovani bavSvebi, aswavleT maT, ra unda

gaakeTon miwisZvris SemTxvevaSi skolaSi;

_ Tu gaqvT garaJi an saagarako saxli, maTi gamoyeneba TavSesafrad

SeiZleba miwisZvris pirvel dReebSi, mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom aseTi

SemTxvevisaTvis naklebad saimedoa mewyersaSiS ubnebze ganlagebuli Senoba-

nagebobani;

_ evakuaciis SemTxvevaSi ecadeT, winaswar gqondeT gansazRvruli, Tu sad

unda SexvdeT erTmaneTs Tqven da Tqveni ojaxis wevrebi;

_ Senobis rekonstruqciis SemTxvevaSi yuradReba miaqcieT horizontalur

Zalebze gaTvlili konstruqciebis muSaobis saimedobis uzrunvelyofas;

_ meti yuradReba dauTmeT samSeneblo normebisa da wesebis dacvas,

mSeneblobis xarisxianad ganxorcielebas. nu dagaviwydebaT, rom Tqven seismurad

aqtiur zonaSi cxovrobT.

rogor unda moviqceT miwisZvris dros:rogor unda moviqceT miwisZvris dros:rogor unda moviqceT miwisZvris dros:rogor unda moviqceT miwisZvris dros:

rogorc ki SeigrZnobT biZgebs da Senobis ryevas, dainaxavT, irxeva WaRi,

cviva sagnebi, gaigebT Zlier guguns da minis msxvrevis xmas, panikis gareSe

ecadeT saswrafod datovoT Senoba. Tan iqonieT sabuTebi, fuli da pirveli

49

saWiroebis sagnebi. gaxsovdeT, rom im momentidan, rodesac Tqven SeigrZeniT

pirveli biZgebi Senobis srul ngrevamde gaqvT 15-20 wami. Senobidan gasvlisas

isargebleT kibiT, liftiT sargebloba saxifaToa. quCaSi gasvlisas, ecadeT

aRmoCndeT Senobidan mocilebiT, Ria adgilze. SeinarCuneT simSvide da ecadeT

sxvebic daawynaroT.

araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar gamoiqceT Senobidan, Tu ar xarT darwmunebuli

imaSi, rom mas dacildebiT usafrTxo manZilze. SenobasTan axlos vardnili

namsxvrevebi aseve did saSiSroebas qmnian. zogjer, ukeTesia ipovoT TavSesafari

iq, sadac miwisZvris dros imyofebodiT da daucadoT mis damTavrebas.

Tu Tqven ver moaxerxeT Senobis datoveba, dadeqiT usafrTxo adgilas: Sida

kedlebis kuTxeSi, Sida mzidi (kapitaluri) kedlis karis RiobSi, SeecadeT Tavi

SeafaroT sawols, sawer an sasadilo magidas, romelic dagicavT ngrevis an

ryevis Sedegad Camovardnili mZime sagnebisa da namsxvrevebisagan. nu dadgebiT

fanjarasTan, Seminul avejTan, tixrebTan axlos, aseve WaRebis qveS. Tu TqvenTan

arian bavSvebi, CaixuteT ise, rom gadaefaroT maT. nu SegeSindebaT, Tu karebi

gaiWeda, xolo kar-fanjris CarCoebi Zlier Wrialeben _ es Senobis deformaciis

dros mosalodnelia.

ar isargebloT sanTlebiT, asanTiT, sanTebelaTi _ airis gaJonvisas

SesaZlebelia gaCndes xanZari.

Senobis gareT Tavi aarideT Sekiduli aivnebis, karnizebisa (lavgardani) da

parapetebis maxloblad yofnas, ar SeexoT dawyvetil sadenebs.

Tu Tqven aRmoCndiT avtomobilSi, wynarad SeaCereT manqana maRlivi

Senobebisagan, eleqtrogadamcemi xazebisa da xidebisagan moSorebiT, gaaReT

karebi da ar gadmoxvideT manqanidan biZgebis damTavrebamde;

sakuTari Tavi aiyvaneT xelSi, ar dakargoT simSvide, nu daibneviT, nu

iyvirebT, nu miecemiT panikas.

biZgebis Cawynarebis Semdeg dauyonebliv datoveT Senoba. Tan iqonieT

dokumentebi, saojaxo afTiaqi, saWiro tansacmeli. daketeT karebi gasaRebiT.

Tu Tqven imyofebiT maRliv SenobaSi, nu gamoxvalT kibeze, nu SexvalT

liftSi, vinaidan igi SeiZleba daiblokos. moiZieT TavSesafari iq, sadac

imyofebiT.

50

nu SegeSindebaT, Tu gamoirTveba eleqtroenergia, saswrafod gamorTeT

televizori. iyaviT mzad kedlebis dabzarvis, WurWlis Wrialis, Camovardnili

sagnebisagan gamocemuli xmaurisaTvis.

Tu Tqven midixarT maRlivi Senobis gaswvriv, saswrafod dadeqiT

Sesasvleli karis RiobTan, raTa Tavidan aiciloT Camovardnili sagnebis dacema.

Tu Tqven imyofebiT Senobis gareT, ecadeT gaxvideT Ria sivrceSi,

daSordeT Senobas da eleqtrogadamcem xazebs.

sazogadoebriv transportSi yofnisas darCiT Tqvens adgilze da sTxoveT

mZRols, ar gaaRos karebi biZgebis damTavrebamde. Semdeg panikis gareSe datoveT

saloni.

quCaSi yofnisas ar dadgeT xidze, mis qveS, Senobis axlos, sahaero

eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis, an xis qveS.

dauSvebelia avtomobilis gaCereba, an saerTod yofna im obieqtebis axlos,

sadac inaxeba momwamlavi, asafeTqebeli, an advilad aalebadi nivTierebebi.

Tu Tqveni saxli dangreulia, miaSureT Sesakreb punqts, pirveladi

moxmarebis nivTebis, sakvebi produqtebis, wylis, droebiTi sacxovreblisa da

samedicino daxmarebis misaRebad. iareT Sua gzaze, Senobebis, boZebis, sahaero

eleqtrogadamcemi xazebisagan moSorebiT.

xSirad miwisZvris mTavar biZgs Tan sdevs gayuCebis periodi, xolo Semdeg

axali, SedarebiT susti biZgebi nu gagikvirdebaT, Tu SeigrZnobT axal biZgs, es

e.w. afterSokebia. miwisZvra SeiZleba

grZeldebodes ramdenime dRe, zogjer

ki ramdenime Tvec ki. afterSokebs

SeuZliaT gamoiwvion im nagebobaTa

ngreva, romlebic ZiriTadi biZgis

zemoqmedebis Sedegad daziandnen.

rogor unda moviqceT miwisZvris rogor unda moviqceT miwisZvris rogor unda moviqceT miwisZvris rogor unda moviqceT miwisZvris

Semdeg:Semdeg:Semdeg:Semdeg:

aRmouCineT pirveli samedicino

daxmareba dazaralebulebs.

monawileoba miiReT Camonaqcevebidan adamianebis gamoyvanaSi.

uzrunvelyaviT bavSvebis, avadmyofebis da moxucebis usafrTxoeba. CarTeT

radiomimRebebi, usmineT informacias miwisZvrisa da maTi Sedegebis salikvidacio

RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb.

51

SeasruleT adgilobrivi xelisuflebis, miwisZvris Sedegebis salikvidacio

marTvis organoebis gankargulebebi.

SeamowmeT, aris Tu ara xanZris saSiSroeba. Tu sadme als SeamCnevT,

saswrafod CaaqreT igi.

frTxilad iyaviT kibeze Casvlisas, darwmundiT mis saimedoobaSi.

SeamowmeT, aqvs Tu ara adgili gazis gaJonvas, Tu aseTi ram SeamCnieT,

saswrafod gadaketeT gazis milsadeni. gaJonva SeamowmeT suniT, araviTar

SemTxvevaSi ar gabedoT asanTis an sanTlis anTeba, Ria cecxlis gamoyeneba.

wyalsadenis milebis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi gadaketeT milebi da saswrafod

SeatyobineT saTanado samsaxurebs.

nu iCqarebT qalaqis daTvalierebas, tyuilubralod nu ivliT quCebSi, nu

inaxulebT dazianebul ubnebs.

ar dalioT wyali onkanebidan da Webidan sanitarul-epidemiologiuri

samsaxuris Semowmebis gareSe. nu isargeblebT sapirfareSoTi, sanam ar

darwmundebiT maT vargisianobaSi.

gaasufTaveT qimikatebiT an benziniT gaWuWyianebuli zedapirebi da amis

Sesaxeb gaafrTxileT sxvebic, Sesabamisad gaakeTeT saTanado warwerebi.

nu miuaxlovdebiT Zlier dazianebul Senobebs da nu SexvalT Sig.

mzad iyaviT ganmeorebiTi Zlieri biZgebisaTvis. aseTi biZgebi SeiZleba

ganmeordes ramdenime saaTSi, dRe-RameSi, kviraSi an TveSic ki. vicodeT, rom

droTa ganmavlobaSi Zlieri miwisZvris Semdgomi biZgebis, e.w. afterSokebis Zala

da sixSire TandaTanobiT mcirdeba. yvelaze saSiSia miwisZvris Semdegi pirveli

saaTebi, amitom momdevno 2-3 saaTis ganmavlobaSi ukiduresi saWiroebis gareSe nu

SexvalT SenobaSi. ganmeorebiTi miwisZvra iSviaT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes

pirvelze Zlieri. ar moigonoT da ar gaavrceloT araviTari xmebi SesaZlo

ganmeorebiTi biZgebis Sesaxeb. isargebleT mxolod oficialuri monacemebiT.

Tu eleqtroqseli dazianebulia, saswrafod gamoiReT produqtebi

macivridan. gamoiyeneT konservebi an mSrali produqtebi.

SeamowmeT, dazianebuli xom ar aris eleqtrogayvaniloba, eleqtroRumeli

an sakvamle milebi. Tu isini dazianebulia, nu aanTebT cecxls, sanam ar

SeakeTebT. SeecadeT aRmofxvraT dazianeba an gamorToT binaSi eleqtrodeni.

frTxilad gaaReT karadisa da sakuWnaos karebi, raTa uecrad ar

gadmocvivdes mZime sagnebi.

52

ecadeT daawynaroT bavSvebi da Tqvens gverdiT myofni, romlebmac

miwisZvris Sedegad ganicades fsiqiuri tramva, gauqarwyleT SiSi, nu gaavrcelebT

Worebs.

Tqven valdebuli xarT daxmareba aRmouCinoT policias, saxanZro, samaSvelo

da samedicino samsaxurebs samaSvelo samuSaoebis CatarebaSi.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SeZlebisdagvarad unda SeecadoT dazianebulebs

CautaroT pirveli (eqimamdeli) samedicino daxmareba.

Tu Tqven moyolili xarT nangrevebis qveS:

Tu Tqven Camonaqcevebis qveS aRmoCndiT, mSvidad SeafaseT viTareba,

SeZlebisdagvarad aRmouCineT Tqvens Tavs daxmareba. ecadeT daamyaroT kavSiri

nangrevebs miRma myof adamianebTan (xmiT, kakuniT). gaxsovdeT, rom ar SeiZleba

cecxlis danTeba, SegiZliaT dalioT wyali unitazis Camrecxi avzidan, an sufTa

wylis gadarCenili raime sxva rezervuaridan. xolo wylisa da gazgayvanilobis

milebi gamoiyenoT signalis gadasacemad, xmiTa da kakuniT miipyariT yuradReba.

dazogeT Zalebi. adamians sakvebis gareSe SeuZlia gaZlos or kviraze meti.

isunTqeT Rrmad, ar SegeSindeT, ar daeceT suliT. yvelanairad unda

ecadoT, rom gadarCeT.

sanam rames moimoqmedebdeT, SeafaseT da gansazRvreT, ra aris dadebiTi:

Wrilobebis uqonloba, moZraobis Tavisufleba Tu, sufTa haeris mimoqceva.

ar aanToT asanTi, sanTebela, sanTeli, gaufrTxildiT Jangbads.

darwmunebuli iyaviT, rom aucileblad dagexmarebian.

Tu aris SesaZlebloba, Tqvens maRla gaamagreT Weri damxmare masalebiT

(aguri, ficari da sxva), raTa ar moxdes Camongreva.

Tu Tqven nangrevebSi xarT momwyvdeuli, ecadeT gadabrundeT mucelze, rom

SeimsumbuqoT dawola gulmkerdsa da muclis Rruze. ecadeT daiziloT xel-fexi

sisxlis mimoqcevis aRsadgenad.

Zlieri wyurvilis dros pirSi CaideT cxvirsaxoci, raime naWris naxevi an

patara qva da woveT. U A

Tu Tqven daWrili xarT, an Tqvens gverdiT aris daWrili, pirvel rigSi,

unda izrunoT sisxlisdenis Sewyvetaze _ Tasmis, bintis, Tokis an naWris

SemoWeriT.

Zvlis motexilobisas _ saWiroa dazianebuli kiduris, an sxeulis nawilis

imobilizacia _ mWidrod Sekvra, raTa gatexili adgili ar gainZres.

53

pirveli samedicino daxmarebis specialuri saSualebebis uqonlobisas

gamoiyeneT bintis magivrad _ qsovilis viwro naWeri,

Tasmis magivrad _ Cveulebrivi qamari, artaSnebad _

muyaos, Txeli ficris, faneris naWrebi da sxva.

lipyinulianobalipyinulianobalipyinulianobalipyinulianoba

lipyinulilipyinulilipyinulilipyinuli _ aris mkvrivi yinulis fena, romelic

warmoiqmneba dedamiwis zedapirze, trotuarze, gzis

saval nawilze da sagnebze (xeebze, sadenebze da a.S.)

wvimis wveTebis da nislis gayinvis Sedegad.

dedamiwis zedapirze yinulis Txeli fena SeiZleba warmoiqmnas daTbobis an

wvimis Semdeg acivebis, agreTve sveli Tovlisa da wvimis wveTebis gayinvis

Sedegad.

rogor movemzadoT lipyinulianobisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT lipyinulianobisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT lipyinulianobisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT lipyinulianobisaTvis:

Tu amindis prognozis Tanaxmad mosalodnelia lipyinulianoba, unda

miiRoT zomebi travmebis miRebis albaTobis Sesamcireblad. moamzadeT naklebad

sriala fexsacmeli, daamagreT quslebze liTonis quslsakravebi, fexsacmlis

mSral Zirebze daakariT leikoplastiri an saizolacio lenti. SegiZliaT

agreTve daamuSaoT Zirebi zumfaris qaRaldiT.

rogor vimoqrogor vimoqrogor vimoqrogor vimoqmedoT lipyinulianobis dros:medoT lipyinulianobis dros:medoT lipyinulianobis dros:medoT lipyinulianobis dros:

iareT frTxilad, auCqareblad. fexi dadgiT fexsacmlis mTeli farTiT.

amasTanave fexebi odnav modunebuli, xelebi ki Tavisufali unda gqondeT.

xandazmuli adamianebisaTvis rekomendebulia rezinis bunikiani xeljoxiT an

specialuri wvetiani joxiT siaruli. Tu fexi dagicurdaT, CaimuxleT, raTa

Semcirdes vardnis simaRle. ecadeT gadaadgildeT jguf-jgufad, raTa SesaZlo

dacemisas miwaze dartyma Serbildes.

lipyinulianobas xSirad Tan sdevs moyinva. am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba unda mieqces eleqtrogadacemis xazebs da eleqtrotransportis

sakontaqto qselebis sadenebs, vinaidan arsebobs maTi gawyvetis saSiSroeba. Tu

Tqven SeamCnevT dawyvetil sadenebs, SeatyobineT amis Sesaxeb dasaxlebuli

punqtis administracias.

rogor unda moviqceT travmis miRrogor unda moviqceT travmis miRrogor unda moviqceT travmis miRrogor unda moviqceT travmis miRebis dros:ebis dros:ebis dros:ebis dros:

54

mimarTeT travmatologiis an gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis punqts.

gaaformeT biuleteni an cnoba travmis miRebis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba

gamoiyenoT sacxovrebeli an travmis miRebis adgilis

mixedviT sasamarTloSi mimarTvisas zaralis

anazRaurebis Sesaxeb sasarCelo gancxadebiT.

Tovlis namqeriTovlis namqeriTovlis namqeriTovlis namqeri

Tovlis namqeriTovlis namqeriTovlis namqeriTovlis namqeri _ aris did TovasTan

dakavSirebuli hidrometeorologiuri xasiaTis

stiqiuri ubedureba, rodesac didi siCqaris (150

km/sT-mde) qaris SemTxvevaSi Tova 12 saaTze met xans

grZeldeba.

qarbuqiqarbuqiqarbuqiqarbuqi _ aris qaris mier Tovlis gadatana haeris miwispira fenaSi.

ganarCeven miwispira, qvedur da Cveulebriv qarbuqs. miwispira da qveduri qarbuqis

dros xdeba adreuli Tovlis gadanawileba-gadatana, Cveulebrivi qarbuqis dros

Tovlis gadatana mimdinareobs TovasTan erTad.

Tovlis namqeri da qarbuqi saSiSroebas uqmnis mosaxleobas. TovliT

ifareba gzebi, dasaxlebuli punqtebi da calkeuli Senobebi. Tovlis namqeris

simaRle SeiZleba 1 metrs, xolo mTian raionebSi 5-6 metrs aRwevdes. qarbuqis da

namqeris dros SesaZloa gzebze xilvadobis 20-50 metris farglebSi Semcireba.

agreTve Senobebis da saxuravebis nawilobrivi ngreva, eleqtrogadacemis da

kavSirgabmulobis sahaero xazebis gawyveta.

rogor movemzadoT qarbuqisa da Tovlis namqeris SemTxvevisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT qarbuqisa da Tovlis namqeris SemTxvevisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT qarbuqisa da Tovlis namqeris SemTxvevisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT qarbuqisa da Tovlis namqeris SemTxvevisaTvis:

Tu Tqven miiReT gafrTxileba Zlieri qarbuqis Sesaxeb, mWidrod daxureT

fanjrebi, karebi, sxvenis liukebi da saventilacio milebi. fanjris minebze

daakariT qaRaldis lentebi, daxureT darabebi. moamzadeT wylis da sakvebis

ordRiani maragi, moimarageT medikamentebi, avtonomiuri ganaTebis saSualebebi

(farnebi, navTis lampebi, sanTlebi), samgzavro qura, batareebze momuSave

radiomimRebi. aalageT balkonebidan da fanjris rafebidan nivTebi, romlebic

qaris nakadma SeiZleba aitacos.

CarTeT radiomimRebebi da televizorebi axali mniSvnelovani informaciis

misaRebad. iyaviT mzad eleqtroenergiis SesaZlo gaTiSvisaTvis.

gadadiT naklebad myari nagebobebidan ufro myar SenobebSi. moamzadeT

Tovlis asaRebi iaraRebi.

55

rogor vimoqmedoT Zlieri qarbuqis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT Zlieri qarbuqis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT Zlieri qarbuqis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT Zlieri qarbuqis dros:

Senobidan mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gasvla. Senobidan

marto gasvla ki saerTod dauSvebelia. avtomobiliT SeiZleba moZraoba mxolod

did gzebze da gzatkecilebze. manqanidan gadmosvlisas ar gascdeT manqanas

xilvadobis manZilze meti manZiliT. Tu manqana gzaze gagiCerdaT, mieciT gangaSis

signali avtomobilis wyvetili sayviriT, awieT kapoti da CamokideT masze kaSkaSa

feris qsovili. daxmarebas daelodeT manqanaSi. amasTanave Zrava datoveT

CarTuli, mina odnav CawieT ventilaciisa da mxuTavi airiT mowamvlis Tavidan

acilebis mizniT.

dasaxlebuli punqtis gareT fexiT gadaadgilebisas Tu dakargeT

orientacia, Tqveni adgilsamyofelis dasazusteblad SediT pirvelsave Semxvedr

saxlSi da iq daelodeT qarbuqis damTavrebas. yuradReba da sifrTxile

gamoiCineT ucxo adamianebTan kontaqtis dros, vinaidan stiqiuri ubedurebebis

dros mkveTrad matulobs avtomobilebis, minebis da samsaxurebrivi saTavsoebis

gaqurdvaTa SemTxvevebi.

rogor vimoqmedoT Zlieri qarbuqis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT Zlieri qarbuqis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT Zlieri qarbuqis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT Zlieri qarbuqis Semdeg:

Tu Zlieri namqeris pirobebSi aRmoCndiT blokirebul SenobaSi, frTxilad,

panikis gareSe gaarkvieT, aris Tu ara Senobidan damoukideblad (iq arsebuli

xelsawyoebis da damxmare saSualebebis gamoyenebiT) gamosvlis SesaZlebloba.

SeatyobineT policias an dasaxlebuli punqtis administracias namqeris xasiaTis

Sesaxeb. Tu damoukideblad Tovlis namqeris gawmenda ver xerxdeba, ecadeT

daukavSirdeT samaSvelo samsaxurs. CarTeT radiomimRebi an televizori da

SeasruleT adgilobrivi xelisuflebis miTiTebebi, miiReT zomebi siTbos

SesanarCuneblad da sursaTis maragis ekonomiurad xarjvisaTvis.

pirveli daxmareba sxeulis moyinvis dros:pirveli daxmareba sxeulis moyinvis dros:pirveli daxmareba sxeulis moyinvis dros:pirveli daxmareba sxeulis moyinvis dros:

gaiTbeT sxeulis moyinuli nawili da mSrali rbili qsoviliT daizileT.

Semdeg Tbil wyalSi moaTavseT, temperaturis TandaTanobiT 40-45 gradusamde

aweviT. Tu tkivilma gaiara da mgrZnobiaroba dagibrundaT, gaimSraleT, CaicviT

Tbilad da SeZlebisdagvarad SeecadeT mimarToT eqims.

gvalvagvalvagvalvagvalva

56

gvalvagvalvagvalvagvalva _ aris garkveul teritoriaze naleqebis xangrZlivi droiT

nakleboba, xSirad haeris maRali temperaturisa

da dabali tenianobis dros.

Zlieri sicxeZlieri sicxeZlieri sicxeZlieri sicxe _ xasiaTdeba ramdenime dRis

ganmavlobaSi haeris saSualo dadebiTi

temperaturis 10 da meti gradusiT aweviT.

saSiSroebas warmoadgens adamianis

dasicxva, rodesac Termoregulacia mkveTrad

irRveva da misi sxeulis temperatura 39

gradusamde, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki, ufro

metsac aRwevs. amgvari kritikuli mdgomareoba warmoiqmneba xangrZlivi da Zlieri

gadaxurebis Sedegad, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios mzis dakvra, an gulis

funqcionirebis darRveva.

dasicxvis simptomebia: kanis gawiTleba, lorwovani garsis simSrale, Zlieri

wyurvili. Semdgom SesaZloa grZnobis dakargva, gulis da sunTqvis gaCereba.

rogor movemzadoT gvalvisaTvis (Zlieri sicxirogor movemzadoT gvalvisaTvis (Zlieri sicxirogor movemzadoT gvalvisaTvis (Zlieri sicxirogor movemzadoT gvalvisaTvis (Zlieri sicxisaTvis)saTvis)saTvis)saTvis)

moimarageT damatebiT WurWeli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi winaswar gaavseT

wyliT. moamzadeT sicxis pirobebisaTvis Sesaferisi tansacmeli, sayofacxovrebo

eleqtroxelsawyoebi (ventlatorebi, kondicionerebi). Tu Tqven sofelSi

imyofebiT, moawyveT fardulebi, talaverebi, Webi, agreTve darabebi

fanjrebisaTvis. SeZlebisdagvarad SeiZineT eleqtroenergiis avtonomiuri wyaro

sayofacxovrebo eleqtroxelsawyoebis uzrunvelsayofad. ekonomiurad xarjeT

wyali. unda icodeT da aswavloT Tqveni ojaxis wevrebs, rogor imoqmedon

dasicxvis, an gadaxurebis dros.

rogor vimoqmedoT gvalvis (Zlieri sicxis) drosrogor vimoqmedoT gvalvis (Zlieri sicxis) drosrogor vimoqmedoT gvalvis (Zlieri sicxis) drosrogor vimoqmedoT gvalvis (Zlieri sicxis) dros

moerideT maRali temperaturis zemoqmedebas. atareT Ria feris haergamtari

fexsacmeli da qudi. gaxsovdeT, rom damwvari kani ar gamoyofs ofls da ver

grildeba. iareT auCqareblad, ecadeT ufro xSirad CrdilSi iyoT. ar dalioT

ludi da sxva alkoholiani sasmelebi, es gamoiwvevs organizmis saerTo

mdgomareobis gauaresebas. dasicxvis dros dauyonebliv gadadiT CrdilSi, gril

adgilas, sadac niavia, an miiReT Sxapi. nel-nela dalieT bevri wyali. ecadeT

gaigriloT tani, raTa Tavidan aiciloT mzis dakvra. Tu mzis dakvris Sedegad

vinmem grZnoba dakarga, CautareT gulis masaJi da xelovnuri sunTqva.

57

gaxsovdeT, rom gvalvis dros matulobs xanZris albaToba.

rogor vimoqmedoT gvalvis (Zlieri sicxis) Semdegrogor vimoqmedoT gvalvis (Zlieri sicxis) Semdegrogor vimoqmedoT gvalvis (Zlieri sicxis) Semdegrogor vimoqmedoT gvalvis (Zlieri sicxis) Semdeg

daukavSirdiT adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis sagangebo situaciebis marTvis

organoebs stiqiuri ubedurebisa da Semdgomi qmedebebis

Sesaxeb informaciis misaRebad. ecadeT, mzadyofna

SeinarCunoT didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, vinaidan ubedureba

SeiZleba ganmeordes.

zvavizvavizvavizvavi

zvavizvavizvavizvavi _ aris Tovlis didi masa, romelic mogoravs an

mosrialebs mTebis cicabo ferdobebidan simZimis Zalis

zemoqmedebiT siCqariT 20-30 m/w. zvavis Camowolis dros warmoiqmneba haeris

talRa, romelic win mouZRveba Tovlis masas da xasiaTdeba damangreveli

moqmedebiT.

Tovlis zvavi warmoiqmneba xangrZlivi Tovis, Tovlis intensiuri dnobis,

miwisZvris, afeTqebebisa da sxva antropogenuri saqmianobis Sedegad, romelic

iwvevs mTis ferdobebis da sahaero sivrcis ryevas. Camowolilma zvavma SeiZleba

gamoiwvios Senobebis, sainJinro nagebobebis ngreva, gzebis da mTis bilikebis

Semkvrivebuli TovliT dafarva. zvavis Camowolis dros maRalmTiani raionebis

macxovreblebma, turistebma, alpinistebma, geologebma, mesazRvreebma da

mosaxleobam SeiZleba miiRon travmebi da aRmoCndnen Tovlis sqeli fenis qveS.

rogor vimoqmedoT zvavsaSiS zonaSi yofnisas:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavsaSiS zonaSi yofnisas:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavsaSiS zonaSi yofnisas:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavsaSiS zonaSi yofnisas:

− ar waxvideT mTaSi avdarsa da Tovis dros;

− mTaSi yofnisas yuradReba miaqcieT amindis cvlilebas;

_ mTaSi wasvlisas unda icodeT Tqveni mgzavrobis an gaseirnebis raionSi

zvavis SesaZlo Camonawolis adgilebi;

_ Tavi aarideT adgilebs, sadac arsebobs zvavis Camowolis saSiSroeba.

zvavi ufro xSiria mTis im ferdobebze, romelTa daxriloba 300-s, xolo tyiT da

buCqnariT daufarav ferdobebze 200-s aRemateba. zvavis Camowola praqtikulad

yoveli Tovis dros im ferdobebze aRiniSneba, romelTa daxriloba 450-ze metia.

zvavebis Tavidan asacilebeli RonisZiebebi:zvavebis Tavidan asacilebeli RonisZiebebi:zvavebis Tavidan asacilebeli RonisZiebebi:zvavebis Tavidan asacilebeli RonisZiebebi:

zvavis Camowolis saSiSroebisas xorcieldeba Semdegi zvavsawinaaRmdego

samuSaoebi: zvavsaSiS adgilebSi organizeba ukeTdeba Tovlis dagrovebis

58

kontrols, xelovnurad axdenen zvavis gamowvevas, igeba damcavi nagebobebi,

mzadyofnaSi moiyvaneba samaSvelo saSualebebi. igegmeba samaSvelo samuSaoebis

ganxorcieleba.

zvavsaSiSroebis periodSi Tavi aarideT im vel-dablobSi gadaadgilebas,

romlis ferdobebis daxriloba 300-ze metia, xolo Tovis Semdeg im vel-

dablobebze moZraobas, romlis ferdobebis daxriloba 200-is farglebSia.

daimaxsovreT, rom zvavis Camowolis yvelaze saSiSi periodi gazafxulisa

da zafxulis naTeli dRea, mzis amosvlidan _ mzis Casvlamde.

rogor vimoqmedoT zvavis Camowolis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavis Camowolis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavis Camowolis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavis Camowolis dros:

zvavis Camowolis dros saswrafod unda datovoT saxifaTo adgili

sirbiliT an Cqari nabijiT da gadaxvideT usafrTxo adgilas an moefaroT kldis

Sverils (ar dadgeT norCi xeebis ukan). Tu zvavs ver gaeqeciT, ganTavisufldiT

bargisagan, miiReT horizontaluri mdgomareoba, TaviT zvavis moZraobis

mimarTulebiT. Aamave dros SeecadeT mWidroT Sekruli xelebiT miikraT muxlebi

mucelze (miiRoT gundas forma).

rogor vimoqmedoT zvavSi moyolis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavSi moyolis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavSi moyolis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavSi moyolis dros:

pirisa da cxviris dacvis mizniT, saxeze aifareT xelTaTmanebi, Sarfi,

sayelo. ecadeT, zvavis zedapirze darCeT, xolo xelebis curvis magvari

moZraobebiT zvavis kidisaken gadaadgileT (zvavis kideze misi moZraobis siCqare

mcirea). roca zvavi gaCerdeba, SeecadeT saxis da mkerdis irgvliv Tavisufali

sivrce SeqmnaT, rac gagiadvilebT sunTqvas. Tu saSualeba geqnebaT, imoZraveT

zeviT (Tu saiT aris miwis zedapiri, raime nivTis an nerwyvis vardnis

mimarTulebis meSveobiT gaarkvevT). zvavSi moyolisas ar iyviroT _ Tovli

mTlianad axSobs xmas. gaufrTxildiT Zal-Rones, Jangbads da siTbos. ecadeT, ar

daiZinoT. gaxsovdeT, rom Tqven geZeben. cnobilia SemTxvevebi, rodesac zvavSi

moyolili adamianebi xSirad ramdenime dRis, xolo zogierT SemTxvevaSi ori

kviris Semdegac ki gadaurCeniaT.

rogor vimoqmedoT zvavis Camowolis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavis Camowolis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavis Camowolis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT zvavis Camowolis Semdeg:

Tu Tqven zvavis Camowolis zonis gareT aRmoCndiT, SeatyobineT nebismieri

saSualebiT momxdari ubedurebis Sesaxeb uaxloesi dasaxlebuli punqtis

administracias da SeudeqiT dazaralebulebis moZebnas da gadarCenas.

59

damoukideblad an maSvelebis daxmarebiT Tovlidan gamosvlisas

yuradRebiT SeaTvaliereT Tqveni sxeuli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi aRmouCineT

Tqvens Tavs daxmareba. uaxloes dasaxlebul punqtSi misvlisas, SeatyobineT

zvavis Camowolis Sesaxeb adgilobriv administracias. mimarTeT adgilobriv

samedicino punqts an eqims im SemTxvevaSic, Tu TvliT, rom ar dazianebulxarT.

Semdeg ki imoqmedeT eqimis an samaSvelo razmis xelmZRvanelis miTiTebebis

Tanaxmad.

SeatyobineT Tqvens naTesavebs da

axloblebs Tqveni mdgomareobisa da

adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb.

elvaelvaelvaelva

elvaelvaelvaelva _ aris wvimis RrubelTa grovaSi

eleqtrostatikuri naperwklis ganmuxtva,

romelsac Tan sdevs TvalismomWreli gaelveba da quxili. elvis erT-erT

sagangebo formas mexi warmoadgens.

saSiSroeba.saSiSroeba.saSiSroeba.saSiSroeba. elvis ganmuxtvas axasiaTebs denis didi Zala, xolo misi

temperatura 300 0000-s aRwevs. elvis xeze moxvedra iwvevs mis gapobas da aalebas.

xis gapoba warmoiqmneba Sida afeTqebis Sedegad merqnis Siga tenis myisieri

aorTqlebis gamo. elvis pirdapiri zemoqmedeba adamianebze, maTi mZime dazianebisa

da daRupvis mizezi xdeba. (yovelwliurad msoflioSi elvisagan daaxloebiT 300-

mde adamiani iRupeba).

eleqtrostatikuri ganmuxtva, Cveulebriv, umciresi eleqtruli winaRobis

gzaze xdeba. vinaidan sivrceSi yvelaze maRal sagansa da RrubelTa grovas Soris

manZili umoklesia, amdenad maT Soris eleqtruli winaRobac naklebia. swored

amiT aixsneba is faqti, rom elva pirvel rigSi maRal obieqtebs (anZas, xes da a.S.)

azianebs.

rogor movemzadoT elvisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT elvisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT elvisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT elvisaTvis:

elvis dartymam (mexis dacemam) SeiZleba gamoiwvios ngreva, liTonis

gadnoba, xanZari, adamianis msxverpli. ekonomikis obieqtebisa da Senoba-

nagebobebis elvisagan dasacavad iyeneben mexamridebs. maT anZebsa da nagebobebis

maRla gaWimuli, damiwebuli liTonis sadenebis saxe aqvs.

60

qalaqgareT gasvlis win daazusteT amindis prognozi. Tu mosalodnelia

elWeqi, gadaitaneT Tqveni qalaqgareT gaseirneba meore dRisaTvis. Tu Tqven

SeamCnieT elWeqis fronti, pirvel rigSi gansazRvreT ra manZiliT xarT misgan

daSorebuli. manZilis dadgena ki gaelvebis Semdeg pirveli quxilis dayovnebis

xangrZlivobis mixedviT xorcieldeba. agreTve SeiZleba ganisazRvros, igi

gviaxlovdeba Tu gvSordeba. vinaidan elvis (sinaTlis) gavrcelebis siCqare (300

000 km/w) gacilebiT didia, vidre quxilis (bgeris) _ siCqare (340 m/w), amitoma Cven

gaelvebas maSinve vxedavT, quxili ki garkveuli dayovnebiT gvesmis. maSasadame,

xmis dayovneba ZiriTadaT Cvensa da elWeqis frontamde manZiliT ganisazRvreba.

magaliTi: Tu gaelvebidan quxilamde 5 wami gavida, manZili elWeqis

frontamde udris 340 m/w X 5w = 1700 m.

rogor vimoqmedoT elWeqis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT elWeqis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT elWeqis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT elWeqis dros:

elva saSiSia maSin, rodesac mas Tan sdevs quxili. am SemTxvevaSi

saswrafod unda miiRoT winaswari zomebi.

Tu Tqven sofelSi imyofebiT: daxureT fanjrebi, karebebi, kvamlsadenebi da

saventilacio milebi. ar daanToT Rumeli, vinaidan misi milidan gamomavali

maRali temperaturis airebs dabali winaRoba aqvT. ar ilaparakoT telefoniT:

elva SeiZleba boZebs Soris gaWimul sadenebs moxvdes.

elvis dros ar mixvideT eleqtrogayvanilobasTan, mexamridTan,

saxuravebidan wyalgadamyvan milebTan, antenasTan axlos, ar dadgeT fanjarasTan,

SeZlebisamebr gamorTeT televizori, radio da sxva sayofacxovrebo eleqtruli

xelsawyoebi.

Tu Tqven tyeSi imyofebiT, Tavi SeafareT tyis dabal buCqovan ubans. ar

dadgeT maRali xeebis, gansakuTrebiT fiWvis, muxis da alvis maxloblad.

Tu Tqven tbaze an mis napirze imyofebiT, mocildiT napirs, ecadeT CaxvideT

maRlobidan dablobSi.

mindorSi (velze) yofnis dros gaeSureT xevSi, dablobSi an sxva bunebrivad

CaRrmavebul adgilas. ar dawveT miwaze, aramed CaicucqeT terfebze dayrdnobiT,

raTa maqsimalurad Semcirdes Tqveni simaRle da sxeulis miwasTan Sexebis

zedapiri.

61

Tu Tqven elWeqSi moyeviT, dauyonebliv (Tqvengan 20-30 m-is moSorebiT)

gverdze gadadeT liTonis sagnebi (motocikleti, velosipedi da liTonis

samuSao, savarjiSo an sxva saxis iaraRebi).

Tu elWeqis dros Tqven avtomobilSi imyofebiT, ar gadmoxvideT manqanidan,

daxureT fanjrebi da CawieT radiomimRebis antena.

wywywywyaldidobaaldidobaaldidobaaldidoba

wyaldidobawyaldidobawyaldidobawyaldidoba _ aris Tovlis

dnobis, kokispiruli wvimebis,

qarismieri wylis modenis an

mdinareebis Caxergvis dros

mdinareebis, tbebis an zRvis

wylis donis awevis Sedegad

teritoriis mniSvnelovani

datborva. wyaldidobis mizezi

SeiZleba iyos hidroteqnikuri xasiaTis avariebi da zRvis ryeva, es ukanasknelni

teritoriebis datborvasTan erTad iwveven wamleki talRis movardnis Sedegad

masStabur ngrevebs.

wyaldidoba iwvevs xidebis, Senoba nagebobebis ngrevas, did zians ayenebs

qveynis meurneobas, xolo adidebuli wylis didi siCqarisa da (4 m/w-ze meti) da

wylis maRali donis (2 m-ze meti) dros adamianebis da cxovelebis daRupvas.

ngrevis ZiriTadi mizezia Senoba-nagebobebze wylis masis, didi siCqariT moZravi

yinulis, sxvadasxva namsxvrevebis, sacurao saSualebebis, aseve uSualod

hidravlikuri dartymebis zemoqmedeba. wyaldidoba SeiZleba uecrad warmoiqmnas

da ramdenime saaTidan 2-3 kviramde gagrZeldes.

rogor movemzadoT wyaldidobisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT wyaldidobisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT wyaldidobisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT wyaldidobisaTvis:

Tu Tqveni raioni wyaldidobisagan xSirad zaraldeba, SeiswavleT da

daimaxsovreT datborvis SesaZlo sazRvrebi, agreTve Tqven sacxovrebel

adgilTan uSualo siaxloveSi mdebare amaRlebuli adgilebi, romlebic iSviaTad

itboreba da maTTan misasvleli umoklesi gzebi. gaacaniT Tqveni ojaxis wevrebs

evakuaciis, agreTve uecrad movardnili da swrafad mimdinare wyaldidobis

SemTxvevaSi qcevis wesebi. daimaxsovreT navebis, tivebisa da maTi damzadebisaTvis

saWiro samSeneblo masalebis Senaxvis adgilebi. winaswar SeadgineT evakuaciis

dros Tan wasaRebi saWiro sabuTebis, nivTebis da medikamentebis CamonaTvali.

62

CaawyveT specialur CemodanSi an zurgCanTaSi saWiro Tbili tansacmeli,

produqtebis, wylisa da medikamentebis maragi.

rogor moviqceT wyaldidobis dros:rogor moviqceT wyaldidobis dros:rogor moviqceT wyaldidobis dros:rogor moviqceT wyaldidobis dros:

wyaldidobis saSiSroebis da evakuaciis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis signalis

miRebisTanave dadgenili wesiT dauyonebliv datoveT SesaZlo katastrofuli

datborvis saSiSi zona da gadadiT usafrTxo raionSi an amaRlebul adgilas,

Tan waiReT sabuTebi, Zvirfaseuloba, saWiro nivTebi da kvebis produqtebis

ordRiani maragi. gatardiT registraciaSi saevakuacio punqtSi. evakuacias

eqvemdebareba Sinauri cxovelebic.

saxlidan gasvlisas gamorTeT eleqtrodeni da gazi, CaaqreT cecxli

RumelSi. Senobis gareT mdebare yvela mcuravi sagani daamagreT an moaTavseT

damxmare saTavsoebSi. Tu dro saSualebas iZleva, Zvirfasi saojaxo nivTebi

gadaitaneT saxlis zeda sarTulebze, an sxvenze. daxureT kar-fanjrebi,

saWiroebis da drois arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, pirveli sarTulis fanjrebi da

karebebi amoWedeT garedan ficrebiT.

katastrofuli datborvis moulodneli ganviTarebis dros garRvevis

talRis dartymisagan Tavdasacavad saWiroa swrafad davikavoT amaRlebuli

adgili. adiT msxvil xeze, myari nagebobebis zeda iarusebze, Tu imyofebiT

wyalSi, talRis moaxloebisas, Aar daibneT da ar SeSindeT, CayvinTeT mis

fuZesTan Rrmad wyalSi. garkveuli dayovnebis Semdeg ki (wyalqveSa curviT)

amoyvinTeT wylis zedapirze.

wyalSi moxvedrisas curviT an mocurave saSualebebis gamoyenebiT gamodiT

mSral adgilas, ukeTesia gzis miwayrilze an dambaze, es dautborav

teritoriamde advilad miRwevis saSualebas mogcemT.

adamianTa TviTevakuacia fexiT an xelmisawvdomi sacurao saSualebebiT

dasaSvebia Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: pirdapir Cans dautboravi teritoria;

dagimTavrdaT kvebis produqtebi; garedan daxmarebis miReba uperspeqtivo xdeba; an

gesaWiroebaT gadaudebeli samedicino daxmareba.

wyaldidobis dros gamoiCineT TavSekaveba da ar ahyveT panikas. wesrigSi

unda moiyvanoT sanaosno saSualebebi, xolo maTi uqonlobis SemTxvevaSi

adgilobrivi masalebisagan (ficari, mori, avtosaburavi, kasri da sxva) SeecadeT

martivi sacurao saSualebebis gakeTebas.

63

Tu Tqven aRmoCndiT wyalSi, ecadeT Tavidan moiciloT mZime tansacmeli da

fexsacmeli, gacuroT dautboravi adgilebisaken. frTxilad iyaviT wylis

zedapirze mocurave sagnebis mimarT, raTa Tavidan aiciloT SesaZlo tramva.

Tu ar tardeba organizebuli evakuacia, maSvelebis mosvlamde an wylis

donis dawevamde adiT Senobis zeda sarTulebze, saxuravebze, xeebze an sxva

amaRlebul sagnebze. amave dros ganuwyvetliv gadaeciT signali ubedurebis

Sesaxeb: dRisiT _ joxze damagrebuli kargad xilvadi qsovilis naWris gamofeniT

an misi qneviT, xolo dabnelebisas _ SuqsignaliT da perioduli SexmianebiT.

maSvelebis moaxloebisas wynarad, panikis gareSe, frTxilad gadadiT sacurao

saSualebaSi. amasTanave ganuxrelad SeasruleTYmaSvelebis moTxovnebi, ar

dauSvaT sacurao saSualebis gadatvirTva. mgzavrobis dros ar datovoT Tqveni

adgili, ar CamojdeT (gare) noaJirze, zustad SeasruleT ekipaJis miTiTebebi.

Tu adamiani ixrCoba:Tu adamiani ixrCoba:Tu adamiani ixrCoba:Tu adamiani ixrCoba:

wyalSi myof adamians, romelic ixrCoba, gadaugdeT mcuravi sagani.

gaamxneveT igi da dauZaxeT maSvelebs. dazaralebulamde curviT miaxloebisas

gaiTvaliswineT mdinaris dineba, Tu wyalwaRebuli ver akontrolebs Tavis

moqmedebebs, mas uknidan miuaxlovdiT, xeli daavleT da napirisken gacureT.

rogor vimoqmedoT wyaldidobis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT wyaldidobis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT wyaldidobis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT wyaldidobis Semdeg:

SenobaSi Sesvlamde SeamowmeT, arsebobs Tu ara misi Camoqcevis an raime

sagnis dacemis saSiSroeba! gaaniaveT Senoba! ar CarToT eleqtroganaTeba, ar

isargebloT elqtroxelsawyoebiT, sanam ar darwmundebiT, rom isini kargad

gamoSra! ar isargebloT Ria cecxlis wyaroebiT! ar aanToT asanTi Senobis srul

ganiavebamde da gazmomaragebis sistemis gamarTulobis Semowmebamde! SeamowmeT

dazianebulia Tu ara eleqtrogayvaniloba, gazmomaragebis milsadenebi,

wyalsadeni, kanalizacia da ar isargebloT manam, sanam ar darwmundebiT maT

gamarTulobaSi! ar miiRoT is sakvebi produqti, romelic wyalTan SeiZleba

yofiliyo kontaqtSi! Aar dalioT auduRebeli wyali adgilobrivi wylis

wyaroebidan!

RvarcofiRvarcofiRvarcofiRvarcofi

RvarcofiRvarcofiRvarcofiRvarcofi _ aris wylis da didi odenobiT mTis qanebis naSalis

(namsxvrevebis), Tixovani nawilakebis, didi qvebisa da lodebis narevis droebiTi

nakadi, romelic uecrad warmoiSoba mTis mdinareebis kalapotebsa da vel-

dablobebSi.

64

Rvarcofuli nakadebi warmoiqmneba xangrZlivi da uxvi wvimebis, Tovlis an

myinvaris intensiuri dnobis, wyalsatevebis garRvevis, miwisZvris da vulkanis

amofrqvevis Sedegad. igi uecrad warmoiSoba da moZraobs didi siCqariT (10 m/w da

meti). Rvarcofi xSirad momvardni talRebis formirebiT mimdinareobs. igi

SeiZleba gagrZeldes aTiode wuTidan ramdenime

saaTis ganmavlobaSi. Rvarcofuli talRis

simaRlem SeiZleba 15 metrsac miaRwios.

movardnili Rvarcofis grgvinva da gruxuni did

manZilze ismis. Rvarcofs didi ubedureba moaqvs

_ iRupebian adamianebi (turistebi, geologebi,

mesazRvreebi, adgilobrivi macxovreblebi),

ingreva sacxovrebeli saxlebi, sainJinro da sagzao nagebobebi.

TiToeulma adamianma, romelic cxovrobs RvarcofsaSiS raionSi, unda

gansazRvros, xom ar mdebareobs misi saxli Rvarcofis SesaZlo moqmedebis

zonaSi. aseT zonebSi, rogorc wesi uari unda TqvaT sacxovrebeli saxlis

aSenebaze. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxli ukve mdebareobs aRniSnul zonaSi,

saWiroa miiRoT zomebi saxlis fundamentisa da kedlebis gasamagreblad,

miwayrilebis, SemovliTi saniaRvre arxebis asagebad, ferdobebis nargavebiT an

sayrdeni kedlebiT gasamagreblad, sakomunikacio xazebis damatebiTi dacviTi

RonisZiebebis gasatareblad.

rogor movemzadoT RvarcofisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT RvarcofisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT RvarcofisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT RvarcofisaTvis:

Cveulebriv cnobilia is adgilebi, sadac SesaZlebelia Rvarcofis movardna.

mTaSi gamgzavrebamde SeiswavleT Tqveni moZraobis marSrutze es adgilebi da

Tavi aarideT maT gansakuTrebiT uxvi wvimebis Semdeg. yovelTvis gaxsovdeT, rom

RvarcofSi moyolili adamianis gadarCena TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. Rvarcofisagan

gadarCena mxolod misgan Tavis aridebiT SeiZleba.

winaswari evakuaciis dros binis datovebamde gamorTeT eleqtrodeni, gazi

da wyali. mWidrod daxureT kar-fanjrebi da saventilacio milebi.

winaswari RonisZiebebi Rvarcofis Tavidan asacileblad:winaswari RonisZiebebi Rvarcofis Tavidan asacileblad:winaswari RonisZiebebi Rvarcofis Tavidan asacileblad:winaswari RonisZiebebi Rvarcofis Tavidan asacileblad:

RvarcofsaSiS raionebSi igeba Rvarcofis sawinaaRmdego jebirebi da

kaSxlebi, keTdeba SemovliTi arxebi, regulirdeba, anu mcirdeba mTis tbebis

wylis done. xeebis dargvis gziT xdeba ferdobebze miwis gamagreba, tardeba

dakvirvebebi, iqmneba Setyobinebis sistema da igegmeba evakuacia.

65

rogor vimoqmedoT Rvarcofis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT Rvarcofis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT Rvarcofis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT Rvarcofis dros:

moaxloebuli Rvarcofuli nakadis Sesaxeb gafrTxileba-signalis miRebis

SemTxvevaSi (sireniT, radioTi, telefoniT an raime sxva winaswar dadgenili

saSualebebiT) an Tu gaigebT Taviseburi grgvinvis xmas, aqafebuli wylis, qvis

namsxvrevebis WaxuniT, romelic waagavs didi siswrafiT moaxloebuli matareblis

gruxuns, aucilebelia dauyonebliv axvideT vel-dablobidan (wylis

Casadinaridan) 50-100 metriT maRla. amave dros unda gaxsovdeT, rom mZvinvare

nakadidan SeiZleba amoityorcnos didi wonis qvebi, romlebmac SeiZleba safrTxe

Seuqmnas adamianebis sicocxles. ecadeT, saswrafod moaxdinoT evakuireba

usafrTxo adgilze winaswar gansazRvruli saevakuacio sqemis Sesabamisad.

rogor vimoqmedoT Rvarcofis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT Rvarcofis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT Rvarcofis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT Rvarcofis Semdeg:

aRmouCineT daxmareba dazaralebulebs da daexmareT im samaSvelo Zalebs,

romlebic axorcieleben Camonaqcevebisa da xergilebis gawmendas Rvarcofis

moZraobis gzaze da ZiriTadi Rvarcofuli masis gamotanis adgilebSi.

zRvis ryeva (cunami) da hidrodinamikuri avariis Sedegad warmoSobili wamlekizRvis ryeva (cunami) da hidrodinamikuri avariis Sedegad warmoSobili wamlekizRvis ryeva (cunami) da hidrodinamikuri avariis Sedegad warmoSobili wamlekizRvis ryeva (cunami) da hidrodinamikuri avariis Sedegad warmoSobili wamleki

talRatalRatalRatalRa

zRvis ryevazRvis ryevazRvis ryevazRvis ryeva _ aris saSiSi bunebrivi movlena, romelic zRvis talRebs

warmoadgens da warmoiSoba ZiriTadad wyalqveSa da sanapiro raionSi miwisZvris

dros zRvis fskeris gansazRvruli ubnis Zvris Sedegad. zRvis ryeva, romelsac

wynar okeaneSi cunams uwodeben, SeiZleba didi siCqariT (100 km/sT-mde) aTasobiT

kilometrze gavrceldes. misi talRis simaRle 1 metridan 5 metramde meryeobs,

xolo wyalmeCxer adgilebSi, napirTan mkveTrad matulobs da 10-dan 50 m-s aRwevs.

napirze movardnili wylis es uzarmazari masa iwvevs wyaldidobas, Senoba-

nagebobebis, eleqtrogadacemisa da kavSirgabmulobis xazebis, gzebis, xidebis,

navmisadgomebis ngrevas, agreTve adamianebis da cxovelebis daRupvas. wylis

talRas win uswrebs haeris dartymiTi talRa, romelic afeTqebis talRis

analogiurad moqmedebs da angrevs Senoba-nagebobebs. cunami Sedgeba ramdenime

talRisagan. Zalian xSirad es aris talRebis seria, romelic enarcxeba napirs

erTi an erTze meti saaTis intervaliT.

zRvis ryevis analogiur efeqts iwvevs hidrodinamikuri avariis SemTxvevaSi

warmoSobili wamleki (momvardni) talRis zemoqmedeba. aqedan gamomdinare

mosaxleobis moqmedebisa da qcevis wesebi orive SemTxvevaSi identuria.

66

Hhidrodinamikuri avariaHhidrodinamikuri avariaHhidrodinamikuri avariaHhidrodinamikuri avaria _ aris teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situacia,

romelic dakavSirebulia hidroteqnikuri nagebobis (kaSxali, wyalmRobi da

wyalSemkrebi rabebi) ngrevasTan da wylis didi

nakadis umarTav gadaadgilebasTan, romelsac Tan

sdevs ngreva da didi teritoriis datborva.

hidroteqnikuri avaria SeiZleba ganviTardes

bunebrivi Zalebis (miwisZvra, qariSxali, kaSxlis

walekva da sxva), an adamianis zemoqmedebiT

(birTvuli iaraRiT dartymis miyeneba, diversiuli

afeTqebis mowyoba), agreTve konstruqciuli

defeqtebis, an proeqtirebaSi daSvebuli Secdomebis

gamo.

zRvis ryevis niSnebi:zRvis ryevis niSnebi:zRvis ryevis niSnebi:zRvis ryevis niSnebi:

zRvis SesaZlo ryevis Sesaxeb gamafrTxilebel bunebriv signals miwisZvra

warmoadgens. rogorc wesi, zRvis ryevis dawyebamde wyali napirisagan ukan sakmao

manZilze ixevs, asobiT metrisa da ramdenime kilometris manZilze zRvis fskeri

SiSvldeba. zRvis es ukuqceva SeiZleba ramdenime wuTi, an naxevari saaTi

gagrZeldes.

talRebis moZraobas SeiZleb Tan axldes mquxare gruxuni, romelic ismis

talRis gamoCenamde. zogjer ki cunamis dawyebamde SeiZleba moxdes sanapiros

wyliT mciredi datborva. moaxloebuli stiqiuri ubedurebis momaswavebeli

niSani SeiZleba iyos cxovelebis gansxvavebuli qceva. isini winaswar grZnoben

saSiSroebas da cdiloben gadavidnen amaRlebul adgilas.

rogor movemzadoT zRvis ryevis SemTxvevisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT zRvis ryevis SemTxvevisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT zRvis ryevis SemTxvevisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT zRvis ryevis SemTxvevisaTvis:

yuradRebiT usmineT Setyobinebas zRvis ryevis prognozis Sesaxeb,

gaxsovdeT misi momaswavebeli niSnebi. daimaxsovreT da gaacaniT ojaxis wevrebs

Tqveni regionisaTvis dadgenili zRvis ryevis saSiSroebis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis

signalebi. winaswar moifiqreT zRvis ryevis dros Tqveni moqmedebis gegma.

miaRwieT imas, rom Tqvenma ojaxis wevrebma, TanamSromlebma da nacnobebma

icodnen, ra unda gaakeTon zRvis ryevis dros. daadgineT, mdebareobs Tu ara

Tqveni sacxovrebeli saxli an samuSao zRvis ryevis SesaZlo ganviTarebis

raionSi.

gaxsovdeT, rom yvelaze saSiSi adgilebia mdinareebis SesarTavebi, zRvis

viwro ubeebi, sruteebi. aucilebelia, icodeT gansakuTrebiT saSiSi zonebis

67

sazRvrebi da usafrTxo adgilas gasasvleli gzebi. mzad iqonieT evakuaciis

dros Tan wasaRebi sabuTebi, saWiro nivTebi da medikamentebi. saWiro nivTebi da

medikamentebi mizanSewonilia CaawyoT specialur CemodanSi, an zurgCanTaSi.

winaswar gaiazreT evakuaciis wesi. gadawyviteT, zRvis ryevis saSiSroebis Sesaxeb

signalis miRebis SemTxvevaSi sad unda Sexvdnen erTmaneTs Tqveni ojaxis wevrebi.

yoveldRiuri saqmianobis dros saxlSi da samsaxurSi nu gadatvirTavT derefnebs

da gasasvlelebs didi zomis nivTebiT, karadebiT, velosipedebiT, sabavSvo

etlebiT. ecadeT, rom yvela gasasvleli Tavisufali iyos swrafi evakuaciisaTvis.

SeiswavleT qcevis wesebi zRvis ryevis warmoqmnis saSiSroebis SemTxvevaSi.

moifiqreT Tqveni moqmedebis Tanamimdevroba imisda mixedviT, Tu Tqven zRvis

ryevis dros sad SeiZleba aRmoCndeT: SenobaSi, Ria adgilas, Tu wyalSi. winaswar

moamzadeT Tqvens binaSi adgili, sadac daawyobT swrafi evakuaciisaTvis saWiro

sabuTebs, tansacmels, pirad nivTebs, kvebis arfuWebadi produqtebis ori dRis

marags.

mxarSi amoudeqiT adgilobriv xelisuflebas ubeebis wyalsaWrelebiTa da

sanapiro jebirebiT gamagrebis saqmeSi. aqtiuri monawileoba miiReT sanapiroze

tyesacavi zolebis mowyobaSi.

rogor vimoqmedoT zRvis ryevis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT zRvis ryevis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT zRvis ryevis dros:rogor vimoqmedoT zRvis ryevis dros:

zRvis ryevis saSiSroebis Sesaxeb signalis miRebisas dauyonebliv

moaxdineT masze reagireba. yoveli wuTi gamoiyeneT Tqveni piradi usafrTxoebisa

da irgvliv myofi adamianebis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad. Tqvens mier zomebis

misaRebad ramdenime wuTidan naxevar saaTamde, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki SeiZleba

ufro meti droc mogeceT, amitom Tu imoqmedebT wynarad da gaazrebulad,

cunamisagan gadarCenis meti Sansi geqnebaT.

Tu Tqven imyofebiT SenobaSi, dauyonebliv gamorTeT eleqtrodeni da gazi,

datoveT Senoba da gadadiT usafrTxo adgilas. umoklesi gziT gadainacvleT

zRvis donidan 30-40 metris simaRlis mqone amaRlebul adgilas, an swrafad

mocildiT sanapiros 2-3 km-iT. Tu Tqven avtomobiliT gadaadgildebiT, imoZraveT

usafrTxo mimarTulebiT da Tan waiyvaneT adamianebi, romlebic am mimarTulebiT

garbian. Tu drois simciris gamo, usafrTxo adgilas Tavis Sefarebis mizniT

Senobis datoveba SeuZlebelia, adiT Senobis zeda sarTulebze, daxureT

fanjrebi da karebebi. Tu arsebobs SesaZlebloba, gadadiT ufro saimedo

SenobaSi. Tu Tqven darCiT SenobaSi, gaxsovdeT, rom yvelaze usafrTxo zonad

iTvleba adgilebi Sida kapitalur kedlebTan, svetebTan, kapitaluri kedlebis

68

kuTxeebTan. aalageT Tqvens gverdiT mdgari sagnebi, gansakuTrebiT ki minis,

radganac gamoiricxos damatebiT maTi msxvrevis saSiSroeba.

Tu Tqven Senobis gareT darCiT, ecadeT, axvideT xeze an iseT adgils

SeafaroT Tavi, romelic naklebad ganicdis dartymas. ukidures SemTxvevaSi, xeli

CaWideT xes an raime sxva myar sayrdens.

Tu Tqven wyalSi aRmoCndiT, rom ar CaiZiroT, ganTavisufldiT fexsacmlisa

da tansacmlisagan, gamoiyeneT wyalSi motivtive sagnebi. frTxilad iyaviT,

vinaidan talRam SeiZleba Tan moitanos msxvili sagnebi da namsxvrevebi. pirveli

talRis Semdeg moemzadeT Semdegi talRebis SemotevisaTvis, Tu SesaZlebelia,

ecadeT datovoT saSiSi raioni. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi aRmouCineT

dazaralebulebs pirveli samedicino daxmareba.

rogor vimoqmedoT zRvis ryevis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT zRvis ryevis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT zRvis ryevis Semdeg:rogor vimoqmedoT zRvis ryevis Semdeg:

daelodeT gangaSis damTavrebis signals. Tqves sacxovrebel adgils

daubrundiT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu darwmundebiT, rom ori-sami saaTis

ganmavlobaSi zRvaSi arc erTi maRali talRa ar dafiqsirebula.

saxlSi Sesvlisas, SeamowmeT misi simyare, kar-fanjrebis mTlianoba.

darwmundiT, rom kedlebSi da gadaxurvaSi ar aris bzarebi, saZirkveli ar aris

dazianebuli. yuradRebiT SeamowmeT, xom ar gaJona SenobaSi gazma, ra

mdgomareobaSia eleqtroqseli.

aqtiuri monawileoba miiReT dazianebul SenobebSi samaSvelo da sxva

gadaudebeli samuSaoebis CatarebaSi, dazaralebulebis Zebnasa da maTTvis

pirveli samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenaSi.

mewyerimewyerimewyerimewyeri

mewyerimewyerimewyerimewyeri _ aris simZimis Zalis gavleniT

mTis qanebis da gruntis CamocurebiTi

gadaadgileba (dacoceba) mTis, xeobis, zRvis,

tbis, mdinareebis cicabo kalTebze da

ferdobebze. mewyeris mizezia miwis masebis

wonasworobis darRveva (gravitaciul da

SeWidulobis Zalebs Soris), rasac iwvevs

ferdobis Ziris gamorecxva, gamofitvis an

uxvi naleqebiT gadamettenianebis gamo qanebis simtkicis Sesusteba, seismuri

biZgebi an adgilis geologiuri pirobebis gauTvaliswineblad adamianis

sameurneo saqmianoba (asafeTqebeli samuSaoebi da sxva).

69

mewyeris dros gadaadgilebuli gruntis moculoba aTobiT da asobiT aTas

kubometrs SeiZleba aRwevdes, xolo calkeul SemTxvevaSi ufro metsac. mewyeris

siCqare SeiZleba meryeobdes ramdenime metri weliwadSi _ ramdenime metri wamamde

diapazonSi. gruntis masebis gadaadgilebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios sacxovrebeli da

sawarmoo Senobebis, sainJinro da sagzao nagebobebis, magistraluri

milsadenebisa da eleqtrogadacemis xazebis dazianeba da ngreva, agreTve

adamianebis daSaveba da daRupva.

mewyerTan brZolis efeqturi saSualebaa mTis kalTebis tyis safarveliT

gamdidreba da sainJinro nagebobebiT gamagreba.

rogor movemzadoT mewyerisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT mewyerisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT mewyerisaTvis:rogor movemzadoT mewyerisaTvis:

moipoveT informacia mewyeris SesaZlo warmoqmnis adgilebisa da maTi

sazRvrebis Sesaxeb.

unda aikrZalos damewyril teritoriaze msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvis

Zoveba. Aaseve iseTi kulturebis moyvana, romlebic saWiroeben gaToxnasa da

niadagis gafxvierebas. (ase magaliTad simindis)

damewyril ubnebs wyalgadamyvani arxebiT unda avaciloT gruntisa da

atmosferuli naleqebis Sedegad nawreti wylebi.

daimaxsovreT, Setyobinebis signalebi mewyeris warmoSobis saSiSroebis

Sesaxeb. mewyeris dawyebis niSnebia SenobaTa karebebisa da fanjrebis gaWedva,

gzebze bzarebisa da napralebis gaCena, mewyersaSiS ferdobebze wylis gaJonva.

mewyeris momaswavebeli niSnebis gaCenisas SeatyobineT mewyersawinaaRmdego

sadguris uaxloes saguSagos, daelodeT am sadguridan informacias, xolo Tavad

imoqmedeT viTarebis Sesabamisad winamdebare wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

rogor vimoqmedoT mewyeris dros:rogor vimoqmedoT mewyeris dros:rogor vimoqmedoT mewyeris dros:rogor vimoqmedoT mewyeris dros:

mewyeris warmoqmnis saSiSroebis Sesaxeb signalis miRebisas gamorTeT

gazisa da eleqtroxelsawyoebi, wyalsadenis qseli, moemzadeT dauyoneblivi

evakuaciisaTvis winaswar SemuSavebuli gegmis Tanaxmad. imoqmedeT

mewyersawinaaRmdego sadguris mier mowodebuli informaciis Sesabamisad (Tu

rogoria mewyeris gadaadgilebis siCqare). gadaadgilebis mcire siCqaris dros

(ramodenime metri TveSi) imoqmedeT Tqveni SesaZleblobebis mixedviT (gadaitaneT

nagebobebi winaswar gaTvaliswinebul adgilas, gaitaneT aveji da bargi). Tu

mewyeris gadaadgilebis siCqare dRe-RameSi 0,5-1 metrs aRemateba, evakuireba unda

70

moxdes dauyovnebliv winaswar SemuSavebuli gegmebis Sesabamisad. evakuaciis dros

Tan unda waiRoT sabuTebi, materialuri faseulobani, xolo viTarebis da

administraciis miTiTebebis mixedviT Tbili tansacmeli da produqtebi.

saswrafod moaxdineT usafrTxo adgilas gadasvla.

rogor vimoqmedoT mewyeris Semdegrogor vimoqmedoT mewyeris Semdegrogor vimoqmedoT mewyeris Semdegrogor vimoqmedoT mewyeris Semdeg::::

mewyeris Semdeg gadarCenil Senoba-nagebobebSi SeamowmeT kedlebis da

gadaxurvis mdgomareoba. gamoavlineT eleqtroobis, gazis da wyalmomaragebis

qselebis dazianeba. daexmareT maSvelebs Camonaqcevebis qveS moyolili

adamianebis gamoyvanasa da maTTvis daxmarebis gawevaSi.

tyis da torfnaris xanZarityis da torfnaris xanZarityis da torfnaris xanZarityis da torfnaris xanZari

masobrivi xanZrebi tyeSi da torfnarSi SeiZleba gaCndes cxel da gvalvian

amindSi mexis Camovardnis, cecxlTan gaufrTxileblobis, miwis zedapiris

(mSrali balaxis amowviT) gawmendisa da sxva mizezebis gamo. xanZrebma SeiZleba

gamoiwvion dasaxlebul punqtebSi Senobebis, xis xidebis, eleqtrogadacemis da

kavSirgabmulobis xazebis xis boZebis, navTobproduqtebisa da sxva sawvavi

masalebis sawyobebis aaleba, agreTve adamianebisa da sasoflo-sameurneo

cxovelebis dazianeba.

tyis masivebSi ufro xSirad Cndeba dabali qveda xanZrebi, romlis dros

iwvis norCi xeebi, balaxovani da buCqovani safari, waqceuli xeebi, xis fesvebi da

a.S. qaris dros gvalvian periodSi SeiZleba warmoiqmnas maRali xanZari, romlis

drosac iwvis ara marto niadagis zeda safari, aramed mTlianad xeebi

(gansakuTrebiT wiwvovani). xanZari vrceldeba qaris mimarTulebiT. dabali xanZris

gavrcelebis siCqare Seadgens 0,1-dan 3-mde metrs wamSi, xolo maRali xanZris _

100 kilometrs wamSi.

torfisa da mcenareebis fesvebis wvis dros SeiZleba warmoiSvas miwisqveSa

xanZrebi, romlebic sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT vrceldeba. torfi SeiZleba

TviTaaldes da daiwvas uhaerod wylis qveSac. cecxlmokidebuli torfnaris

Tavze SeiZleba warmoiqmnas cxeli nacrisa da aalebuli torfis mtvris

“svetovani adineba”, romelic Zlieri qaris dros did manZileze gadaitaneba da

SeuZlia gamoiwvios axali aaleba.

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tyis da torfnaris xanZris tyis da torfnaris xanZris tyis da torfnaris xanZris tyis da torfnaris xanZris

sawinaaRmdego winaswari RonisZiebebi:sawinaaRmdego winaswari RonisZiebebi:sawinaaRmdego winaswari RonisZiebebi:sawinaaRmdego winaswari RonisZiebebi:

masobrivi xanZrebis dros

mosaxleobis dasacavad da zaralis

Sesamcireblad winaswar tardeba

mTlian tyeebSi _ 5-10 metris, xolo

wiwvian tyeebSi _ 50 metramde siganis

tyis ganakafebisa da gruntis zolebis

mowyobis RonisZiebebi, aseve wmendis samuSaoebi. dasaxlebul punqtebSi ewyoba

gubarebi da wyalsatevebi, romelTa tevadoba ganisazRvreba soflis, an

dasaxlebuli punqtis farTobis 1 heqtarze aranakleb 30 kuburi metris

gaangariSebiT.

tyisa da torfnaris xanZris dros dasaxlebuli punqtebis maxloblad

mdebare tyeebSi saxanZro viTarebaze dakvirvebis sawarmoeblad wesdeba

xanZarsawinaaRmdego rgolebis morigeoba.

tardeba ganaSenianebisa da mimdebare tyis masivebs Soris gruntis zolebis

mowyoba.

saxanZro wyalsatevebis tevadoba ganisazRvreba dasaxlebuli punqtis

ganaSenianebis sazRvarTan mimdebare tyis piris sigrZis yovel 1 metrze, aranakleb

10 litra wylis gaangariSebiT.

warmoebs Webis da gubarebis gawmenda.

winaswar mzaddeba bamba-dolbandis niRbebi, respiratorebi da sasunTqi

organoebis dacvis sxva saSualebebi.

maqsimalurad unda SezRudoT tyeSi gasvla zafxulis gvalvian periodSi

(gansakuTrebiT avtomobiliT).

Tu Tqven aRmoCndiT tyis Tu Tqven aRmoCndiT tyis Tu Tqven aRmoCndiT tyis Tu Tqven aRmoCndiT tyis an torfnaris xanZris kerasTan axlos:an torfnaris xanZris kerasTan axlos:an torfnaris xanZris kerasTan axlos:an torfnaris xanZris kerasTan axlos:

Tu Tqven aRmoCndiT tyeSi an torfnarSi xanZris keris maxloblad da ar

SegiZliaT Tqveni ZalebiT misi lokalizacia da Caqroba, dauyovnebliv

SeatyobineT axlos myofT. organizeba gaukeTeT gzaze, gakaful zolSi, tyis

piras, mindorSi, mdinaris an wyalsatevis napirze usafrTxo gadaadgilebas. Aam

SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia imoZraoT swrafad, saSiSi zonidan cecxlis

gavrcelebis sawinaaRmdego an perpendikularuli mimarTulebiT. Tu SeuZlebelia

72

xanZrisgan Tavis daRweva, SediT wyalsatevSi an daifareT sveli tansacmeli. Ria

sivrceSi an tyis piras gasvlisas isunTqeT miwis zedapiruli haeriT, romelic

naklebad gakvamlianebulia. saxeze aifareT bamba-dolbandis niRabi an naWeri.

xanZris zonidan gasvlis Semdeg SeatyobineT dasaxlebuli punqtis, satyeo

an xanZarsawinaaRmdego samsaxuris administracias da adgilobriv mosaxleobas

xanZris adgilis, masStabisa da xasiaTis Sesaxeb. winaswar SeiswavleT da

gansazRvreT dasaxlebul punqtTan xanZris zonis moaxloebis Sesaxeb

Setyobinebis signali.

dabali xanZris Caqroba SesaZlebelia foTlovani xeebis totebiT, wyliT,

teniani gruntis dayriT. torfis xanZrebs aqroben aalebuli torfis gadaTxriT

da masze wylis dasxmiT. xanZris Caqrobis dros windaxedulad unda imoqmedoT,

Sors ar waxvideT gzidan da ganakafi zolidan, ar dakargoT mxedvelobidan sxva

monawileni, SeinarCuneT maTTan kavSiri (mxedvelobiTi da xmovani). torfis

xanZris Caqrobis dros iqonieT mxedvelobaSi, rom wvis zonaSi SeiZleba

warmoiqmnas Rrma ormoebi, amitom unda imoZraoT frTxilad, gzadagza niadagis

damwvari fenis siRrmis SemowmebiT.

grigali, qariSxali da qarborbalagrigali, qariSxali da qarborbalagrigali, qariSxali da qarborbalagrigali, qariSxali da qarborbala

grigaligrigaligrigaligrigali _ aris Zlieri atmosferuli qariSxali, romlis drosac qaris

siCqare 120 km/sT, xolo miwis zedapirTan 200 km/sT aRwevs.

qariSxaliqariSxaliqariSxaliqariSxali _ aris xangrZlivi, Zalian Zlieri qari, romlis siCqare 20 m/wm

aRemateba. qariSxali Cveulebriv ciklonis gavlis dros aRiniSneba da zRvaze

Zlieri RelviT da xmeleTze nagebobaTa ngreviT mimdinareobs.

qarborbalaqarborbalaqarborbalaqarborbala _ aris atmosferuli

qariSxali qaris spiraliseburi moZraobiT, romelic

elWeqis RrublebSi warmoiSoba, vrceldeba dedamiwis

mimarTulebiT da xSirad mis zedapirze eSveba Savi

Rrubliani giganturi saxelos an xorTumis saxiT,

romlis diametric aTobiT da asobiT metrs aRwevs. misi

xangrZlivoba xanmoklea da gadaadgildeba didi

siCqariT RrubelTan erTad.

amgvari bunebrivi movlenebis Sedegad viTardeba

73

gzebisa da xidebis safaris, nagebobebis, eleqtrogadacemis da kavSirgabmulobis

sahaero xazebis, miwiszeda milsadenebis ngreva, xolo qaris mier atacebuli

namsxvrevebi damatebiT iwveven adamianTa dazianebas.

grigalis, qariSxlis da qarborbalas warmoqmnis ZiriTadi niSnebia: qaris

siCqaris gaZliereba da atmosferuli wnevis mkveTri dacema; kokispiruli wvimebi

da wylis Stormuli modena; Zlieri Tova da gruntis mtveris daleqva.

Tu Tqven cxovrobT raionSi, romelsac xSirad Tavs atydeba grigali,

qariSxali da qarborbala, winaswar unda icodeT am stiqiuri ubedurebis

moaxloebis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis signalebi.

saSiSroebis zonebidan organizebuli evakuaciis dros gamosvlis gzebi da

ganTavsebis raionebi.

Tqveni dasaxlebuli punqtis samaSvelo samsaxurebis administraciis

misamarTi da telefonis nomrebi.

mosalodneli Stormis Sesaxeb signalis miRebis Semdeg aucilebelia:

daamagroT saxuravebi, saventilacio da sakvamle milebi.

CaWedeT sxvenis fanjrebi (darabebiT, ficrebiT an firficrebiT).

aalageT aivnebidan da ezos teritoriidan xanZarsaSiSi sagnebi.

moamzadeT usafrTxo raionSi evakuaciis SemTxvevisaTvis 2-3 dRis produqtis

da wylis maragi, agreTve ganaTebis avtonomiuri wyaroebi (farani, navTis lampa,

sanTlebi).

gadadiT naklebad medegi nagebobidan ufro myar SenobaSi, an specialur

damcav nagebobaSi.

rogor vimoqmedoT grigalis, qariSxlisa da qarborbalas dros:rogor vimoqmedoT grigalis, qariSxlisa da qarborbalas dros:rogor vimoqmedoT grigalis, qariSxlisa da qarborbalas dros:rogor vimoqmedoT grigalis, qariSxlisa da qarborbalas dros:

Tu Tqven grigalis, qariSxlisa da qarborbalas dros imyofebiT SenobaSi,

ar dadgeT fanjarasTan. gadadiT usafrTxo adgilas, Sida saTavsoebis kedlebTan,

CaSenebul karadaSi, abazanaSi, sakuWnaoSi, magidis qveS. CaaqreT cecxli RumelSi,

gamorTeT eleqtroenergia, daketeT gazis vintili. Ramis periodSi gamoiyeneT

farnebi, lampebi, sanTlebi, CarTeT radiomimRebi informaciis misaRebad.

SeZlebisdagvarad, CadiT sardafSi, CaRrmavebul safarSi, TavSesafarSi da a.S. Tu

Tqven grigalma, qariSxalma an qarborbalam quCaSi mogiswroT, ar gaCerdeT

74

nagebobis, Senobis, xidis, estakadis, eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis, anZis, xis,

mdinaris, tbisa da samrewvelo obieqtebis maxloblad.

qaris mier atacebuli mfrinavi natexebisa da minis namsxvrevebisagan

dasacavad gamoiyeneT faneris, muyaos da plastmasis yuTebi, ficrebi da sxva

xelT arsebuli saSualebebi. ecadeT, swrafad Tavi SeafaroT sardafSi an

dasaxlebul punqtSi arsebul radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safars an TavSesafars. ar

SexvideT dazianebul SenobaSi, vinaidan SesaZlebelia misi Camongreva qaris

Semdegi nakadis zemoqmedebis Sedegad.

Tovliani qariSxlis dros darCiT SenobaSi. Tu Tqven mindorSi, an soflis

gzaze aRmoCndiT, unda gaxvideT magistralur gzaze, romelic periodulad

iwmindeba, iq TqvenTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenis meti albaToba arsebobs.

mtvriani qariSxlis dros daicaviT saxe dolbandis saxveviT, cxvirsaxociT,

qsovilis naWriT, xolo Tvalebi saTvaliT. qarborbalas moaxloebis Sesaxeb

Setyobinebis miRebisas, saWiroa dauyonebliv saxlis sardafSi an safarSi Casvla,

sawolis da sxva myari avejis qveS Tavis Sefareba. Tu qarborbalam Tqven Ria

adgilas mogiswroT, Tavi SeafareT gzis kiumetSi, ormoSi, TxrilSi, viwro xevSi

miwasTan mWidro mikvriT Tavi daifareT tansacmliT an xis totebiT. Tu

avtomobilSi imyofebiT, ar darCeT manqanaSi, swrafad datoveT igi da Tavi

daicaviT zemoT aRniSnuli saSualebebiT.

radiaciuli xasiaTis avariebi radiaciuli xasiaTis avariebi radiaciuli xasiaTis avariebi radiaciuli xasiaTis avariebi

signalis `radiaciuli saSiSroeba~ da radiaciuli avariis Sesaxeb

informaciis miRebisas warmoeba-dawesebulebebis personalma da mosaxleobam unda

imoqmedos qvemoT mocemuli rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad:

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu miRebuli informacia ar Seicavs samoqmedo

rekomendaciebs, saWiroa sasunTqi gzebis dacva xelmisawvdomi saSualebebiT

(cxvirsaxoci, xelsaxoci), SeZlebisdagvarad Tavi SeafareT axlomdebare Senobas,

ukeTesia sakuTar binas. SenobaSi SesvlisTanave gaixadeT zeda tansacmeli,

fexsacmeli da moaTavseT polieTilenis parkSi, daxureT karebebi da fanjrebi,

gamorTeT ventilacia, CarTeT televizori, radiomimRebi, daikaveT adgili

fanjrebisagan moSorebiT da iyaviT mzad informaciisa da miTiTebebis misaRebad.

Tu gagaCniaT radiaciuli monitoringis (rentgenometri) xelsawyo,

gansazRvreT SenobaSi radiaciis done, miRebuli gamosxivebis dozebi da

75

(produqtebis, wylis da sxva) dabinZurebis xarisxi. gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi

sarekomendacio sidideebi:

garemos bunebrivi radiaciuli (gamosxivebis dozis simZlavre) foni _ 10-dan

_ 60-mde mikroziverti/saaTSi.

adamianisaTvis radiaciuli usafrTxoebis saorientacio normenia:

kvartaluri doza _ 30 miliziverti; wliuri _ 50 miliziverti; kritikuli anu

sxivuri daavadebis ganviTarebis qveda sazRvari _ 1 ziverti; letaluri doza _ 7

ziverti.

zogierT SemTxvevaSi SesaZlo dasxivebis dozebia: kuWis areSi rentgenze

gaSuqeba _ 0,3 ziverti; kbilis rentgenze gaSuqeba _ 0,03 ziverti; televiziiT

hokeis erTi matCis naxvis Sedegad dasxiveba _ 0,01 mikroziverti.

moaxdineT Senobis hermetizacia da kvebis produqtebis dacva. Aam mizniT,

xelmisawvdomi saSualebebiT dagmaneT RriWo fanjrebsa da karebze. amoqoleT

saventilacio xvrelebi. sakvebi produqtebi moaTavseT polieTilenis parkebSi, an

SeaxvieT celofanSi. moimarageT wyali daxurul WurWlebSi. produqtebi da

wyali moaTavseT macivrebSi, an daxurul karadebSi (sakuWnaoebSi).

masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT (an telefoniT) miTiTebis

miRebisTanave CaitareT profilaqtika iodis preparatebiT. maTi arqonis

SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneT iodis 5%-iani xsnari: ufrosebisaTvis 3-5 iodis wveTi _

Wiqa wyalze; xolo 2 wlamde bavSvebisaTvis _ 1-2 wveTi. 5-7 sT-is Semdeg

gaimeoreT igive.

sakvebis momzadebisa da miRebisas yvela

produqti, romelic uZlebs wylis zemoqmedebas,

unda gairecxos gamdinare wyliT.

mkacrad daicaviT piradi higienis wesebi, rac

Tavidan agacilebT an mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs

organizmis Sinagan dasxivebis SesaZleblobas.

aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi (Senobis

dabinZurebisas) _ daicaviT sasunTqi organoebi

xelT arsebuli individualuri dacvis

saSualebebiT: gaikeTeT airwinaRi, niRbebi,

76

respiratorebi, bambaqsovilis saxvevebi, mtversawinaaRmdego qsovilis niRbebi, an

gamoiyeneT cxvirsaxocebi, xelsaxocebi da qsovilis sxva nawarmi.

Senobis mitoveba SeiZleba mxolod ukiduresi saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, isic

mcire droiT. Senobidan gasvlis dros daicaviT sasunTqi organoebi airwinaRiT,

respiratoriT, bamba-dolbandis saxveviT. aseve, gamoiyeneT labadebi, mosasxamebi

da kanis dacvis tabeluri saSualebebi. SenobaSi dabrunebis Semdeg tansacmeli

gamoicvaleT.

moemzadeT SesaZlo evakuaciisaTvis. amisaTvis moamzadeT aucilebeli

nivTebi: individualuri dacvis saSualebebi, (sinTeTikuri wyalgamtari labadebi,

mosasxamebi, rezinis Ceqmebi, xelTaTmanebi da sxva), tansacmeli da fexsacmeli

sezonis mixedviT; kvebis produqtebis ori an sami dRis maragi, wamlebi

avadmyofebisaTvis, TeTreuli, sabuTebi, fuli, sxva Zvirfasi da ukiduresad

aucilebeli nivTebi.

evakuaciisas zedmeti nivTebis waReba ar SeiZleba. nivTebi da produqtebi

CaalageT CemodnebSi an zurgCanTebSi. maT unda hqodeT iseTi zoma da wona, rom

erT adamians ar gauWirdes maTi gadatana, amave dros, ar moxdes

evakotransportis gadatvirTva. Cemodnebi da zurgCanTebi SefuTuli unda iyos

polieTilenSi an sxva sinTeTikur saxvevSi.

Eevakuaciis dros, Senobidan gamosvlisas gaaTavisufleT macivrebi,

gamorTeT eleqtro da gazis xelsawyoebi, nagavsayrelSi gadayareT malfuWebadi

produqtebi, siTxeebi da sxva nagavi. moamzadeT firniSi `# SenobaSi (binaSi)

aravin ar aris~.

miTiTebis an Seqmnili mdgomareobis Sesabamisad moaxdineT Senobidan

evakuireba.

wasvlisas CaketeT bina da karebze CamokideT momzadebuli firniSi.

transportSi Casxdomisas, an qveiTi kolonis formirebisas gaiareT registracia

evakokomisiis warmomadgenlebTan.

Tu imyofebiT Ria dabinZurebul adgilas, ar moixsnaT individualuri

dacvis saSualebebi, Tavi aarideT gzaze mtvris dayenebas da maRal buCqnarSi, an

balaxebSi gadaadgilebas. aucileblobis gareSe ar dajdeT da ar SeexoT ucxo

sagnebs. akrZalulia Ria adgilebSi daleva, sakvebis miReba da moweva.

aucilebelia periodulad CaitaroT nawilobrivi dezaqtivacia kanis dacvis

saSualebebis, tansacmlis da nivTebis, maTi frTxili Camowmendis gziT. aseve,

77

organizmis Ria nawilebis nawilobrivi sanitaruli damuSaveba, maTi CamorecxviT

an CamowmendiT.

evakuirebis raionSi misvlisas CaabareT individualuri dacvis saSualebebi

da tansacmeli dezaqtivaciisaTvis, an utilizaciisaTvis, gamoibaneT Tvalebi

sasmeli sodis 2%-iani xsnariT, an sufTa wyliT, gamoirecxeT piri da yeli,

orjer daibaneT tani sapniT, dozimetruli kontrolis gavlis Semdeg CaicviT

sufTa tansacmeli da fexsacmeli.

saagarako nakveTebze saWiroa moiTibos balaxi. dilaobiT mizanSewonilia

nakveTis danamva.

Senobebis dasufTaveba unda moxdes sveli meTodiT. gulmodgined unda

gadaiwmindos mtveri avejidan da fanjris rafebidan. ar SeiZleba xaliCebis da

sxva qsovilis safenebis dabertyva. isini unda gaiwmindos mtversasrutiT, an

sveli naWriT. sasurvelia saxlis (binis) gareT datovoT zeda sagareo

tansacmeli. dalagebis dros gamoyenebuli qsovilis naWrebi da mtversasrutidan

amoRebuli nagavi aucilebelia CamarxoT specialurad amoTxril ormoSi, siRrmiT

aranakleb 50 sm-sa.

savele samuSaoebis Catarebis dros aucilebelia bamba-dolbandis

saxvevebis, mtversawinaaRmdego qsovilis niRbebis, an respiratorebis,

gamosacvleli spectansacmlisa da Tavsaburavebis gamoyeneba. samuSao dRis

dasasruls aucilebelia Sxapis miReba.

Tu eweviT saagarako meurneobas, mosayvani produqtebis radioaqtiuri

dabinZurebis SezRudvisaTvis niadagSi unda SeiyvanoT kiri, kaliumi da sxva

sasuqebi, aseve torfi. mosavlis aRebis dros ar SeiZleba xilis da bostneulis

dagroveba uSualod niadagze. moweul mosavals saWiroa Cautardes dozimetruli

kontroli. dabinZurebis xarisxis dadgenis Semdeg isini unda gairecxos

(gasufTavdes) da meoradi kontrolis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoiyenoT

daniSnulebisamebr, an saqonlis sakvebad.

sasoflo-sameurneo cxovelebis, frinvelebis da futkrebisagan miRebul

produqcias, SerCeviT unda CautaroT dozimetrul kontroli. rZis, kvercxis,

Taflis, saklavis dabinZurebis aRmoCenisas aucilebelia maTi miyidva-Cabareba

damamzadebel organizaciebze maTi Semdgomi gauvnebelyofisaTvis, an

utilizaciisaTvis. pirutyvisaTvis sasmeli wylis micema xdeba daxuruli

wyaroebidan.

78

ar aris rekomendebuli adgilobrivi wyalsacavebSi moSenebuli Tevzis

sakvebad gamoyeneba,

gansakuTrebiT ki wvrili Tevzis,

maTSi radioaqtiuri nivTierebebi

meti koncentraciiT grovdeba.

velurad mzardi xilis,

sokos, samkurnalo balaxebis

Segroveba dasaSvebia mxolod

gansazRvrul teritoriaze

adgilobrivi xelisuflebis

nebarTviT (SerCeviTi

dozimetruli kontrolis

Catarebis Semdeg).

qimiuri xasiqimiuri xasiqimiuri xasiqimiuri xasiaTis avariebi aTis avariebi aTis avariebi aTis avariebi

qimiurad saSiS obieqtebze

Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani

nivTierebebis gamofrqveviT

mimdinare avariebis

Taviseburebas warmoadgens is, rom qimiuri nivTierebebis maRali koncentraciisas

adamianTa daSaveba SeiZleba moxdes sakmaod mcire droSi. amitom, aseT pirobebSi

gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba damcavi RonisZiebebis operatiulad Catarebas.

qimiurad saSiS obieqtebze avariebis dros mosaxleobis da personalis

dacvis mizniT ZiriTad RonisZiebebs warmoadgens:

individualuri dacvis saSualebebisa da sruli izolaciis reJimSi momuSave

TavSesafrebis gamoyeneba; antidotebis da kanis dasamuSavebeli saSualebebis

gamoyeneba; mowamlul teritoriaze moqmedebis reJimis dacva; avariis Sedegad

warmoqmnili mowamlis zonebidan adamianTa evakuacia; adamianTa sanitaruli

damuSaveba, tansacmlis, teritoriis, nagebobebis, transportis, teqnikisa da

qonebis degazacia.

zogierTi Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis arseboba da haerSi maTi

koncentracia SeiZleba ganisazRvros airanalizatoris daxmarebiT.

79

Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis gamofrqveviT mimdinare avariebis dros

mosaxleobis qcevisa da moqmdebis wesebi damokidebulia am nivTierebebis

saxeobaze, Tvisebebze, koncentraciaze, meteopirobebze da sxva.

qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebis axlos macxovrebelma da momuSave personalma

unda icodes am obieqtebze gamoyenebuli Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis

Tvisebebi, maTi ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi da potenciuri saSiSroeba, maTgan dacvis

individualuri saSualebebi, SeeZloT moqmedeba avariis warmoSobis dros,

dazianebulebisaTvis pirveli (eqimqmdeli) samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCena.

muSa-mosamsaxureebi, Setyobinebis signalis miRebisTanave, dauyonebliv

icvamen individualuri dacvis saSualebebs, pirvel rigSi sawarmoo airwinaRebs.

TiToeuli, Tavis samuSao adgilze axorcielebs avariis Sedegebis

SemcirebisaTvis saWiro yvela SesaZlo RonisZiebas (uzrunvelyofs

energowyaroebis uavario gamorTvas, usafrTxoebis teqnikis wesebis dacviT TiSavs

airis, orTqlis da wylis sakomunikacio qselebs). amis Semdeg ki personali Tavs

afarebs TavSesafrebSi an swrafad tovebs mowamlul zonas.

evakuaciis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebisas muSa-mosamsaxureebi

valdebulni arian gamocxaddnen obieqtis saevakuacio mimReb punqtebSi.

muSa-mosamsaxureebi, romlebic iricxebian moxalise maSvelTa

formirebebSi, avariis Sesaxeb signalis miRebisTanave cxaddebian formirebis

TavSeyris punqtebSi da monawileobas iReben qimiuri dazianebis keris

lokalizaciasa da likvidaciaSi.

qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebTan axlos macxovrebeli adamianebi radioTi,

televiziiT da sxva saSualebebiT avariis Sesaxeb signalis miRebisTanave

valdebuli arian gaikeTon airwinaRebi, Caketon fanjrebi, gamorTon

eleqtrogamacxelebeli da sayofacxovrebo xelsawyoebi, gazi, (Caaqron Rumeli),

Caacvan bavSvebs, aiRon aucilebeli Tbili tansacmeli da kvebis produqtebi,

gaafrTxilon mezoblebi. swrafad, magram panikis gareSe, gavidnen sacxovrebeli

masividan miTiTebuli an qaris mimarTulebis perpendikularuli mimarTulebiT

aranakleb 1,5 km-iT daSorebul maRlob adgilze da daelodon Semdgom

gankargulebebs. airwinaRis arqonis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia mowamlis zonidan

swrafad gamosvla periodulad (ramdenime wamiT) sunTqvis SekavebiT. sasunTqi

organoebis dasacavad SegviZlia gamoviyenoT xelT arsebuli qsovili, wyalSi

80

dasvelebuli tansacmlis nawilebi. maTi pirze afarebiT mcirdeba CasunTquli

mavne airis odenoba da maSasadame, dazianebis simZimec.

mowamlul garemoSi moZraobisas aucilebelia daicvaT wesebi: imoZraveT

swrafad, magram ara sirbiliT, raTa Tavidan aiciloT amtvereba; ar mieyudoT

Senobebs da ar SeexoT garSemo myof sagnebs; ar daabijoT gzaSi siTxis wveTebs

an ucnobi nivTierebebis fxvnilisebr nayars; ar moixsnaT individualuri dacvis

saSualeba Sesabamis gankargulebamde, Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis

wveTebis aRmoCenisas kanze, tansacmelze, fexsacmelze, individualuri dacvis

saSualebebze moiSoreT igi qaRaldis tamponiT an cxvirsaxociT.

SeZlebisdagvarad aRmouCineT daxmareba daSavebul bavSvebs, moxucebs,

romelTac ar SeuZliaT damoukideblad gadaadgileba. mowamvlis zonidan

gamosvlis Semdeg saWiroa sanitaruli damuSavebis gavla. visac miRebuli aqvs

umniSvnelo dazianebebi (SeeniSnebaT xvela, gulisreva da sxv.) unda mimarTon

samedicino dawesebulebebs dazianebis xarisxis gansazRvrisaTvis da

profilaqtikuri Tu samkurnalo procedurebis Casatareblad.

qimiuri dazianebis xifaTis Tavidan acilebisa da Semdgomi moqmedebis

wesebis Sesaxeb mosaxleobas ecnobebaT samaSvelo samsaxurebis an adgilobrivi

policiis organoebis mier. sacxovrebel saxlebSi, sawarmoo SenobebSi,

sardafebSi da sxva SenobebSi Sesvla nebadarTulia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

Catarebulia sakontrolo Semowmeba haerSi Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis

Semcvelobaze.

momuSave personalis da mosaxleobis qcevisa da moqmedebis normebi, aseve

pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis wesebi ganisazRvreba Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani

nivTierebebis toqsikuri TvisebebiT.

qloriT mowamlulisaTvis pirveladi daxmarebis aRmoCena mdgomareobs

SemdegSi:

− daSavebulisaTvis airwinaRis gakeTeba (Tu airwinaRebi ar gagvaCnia misi

magivroba SeiZleba gagviwios 2%-iani saWmeli sodis wyalxsnarSi

dasvelebulma bamba-dolbandis niRabma);

− daSavebulis gamoyvana usafrTxo teritoriaze da airwinaRis moxsna;

− misi ganTavisufleba sunTqvis SemzRudveli tansacmlisagan;

− sunTqvis Sewyetis SemTxvevaSi xelovnuri sunTqvis Catareba, upiratesad

meTodiT: _ `piridan-pirSi~;

81

− gaRizianebis Sesamcireblad mizanSewonilia 0,5%-iani sasmeli sodis

xsnaris aerozolis da Jangbadis SesunTqva;

− 2%-iani sodis xsnariT kanis gawmenda, an lorwovani garsis gamorecxva;

− didi raodenobis siTxis miReba (Tbili sodiani wyali, Cai, yava);

− daSavebulis TviTneburad gadaadgilebis aRkveTa da misi Semdgomi

transportireba mxolod mwoliare mdgomareobaSi;

− siciveSi daSavebulis gaTboba da misTvis mSvidi garemos Seqmna.

amiakiT dazianebulisaTvis pirveli daxmareba mdgomareobs SemdegSi: misTvis

airwinaRis gakeTeba (sawarmoo airwinaRi, Zalian maRali koncentraciisas ki _

maizolirebeli airwinaRi), Tu airwinaRi ar gagaCniaT, misi magivroba SeiZleba

gagiwioT 5%-iani limonmJavas (an bormJavas) wyalxsnarSi dasvelebulma bamba-

dolbandis niRabma (pirsaxvevma).

− daSavebulis dazianebis zonidan gamoyvana, airwinaRis da mowamluli

tansacmlis gaxda;

− Tbili wylis orTqlis SesunTqva da Tbili rZis miReba;

− amiakis kuWSi moxvedrisas xelovnurad gulisrevis gamowveva;

− 5%-iani limonmJavas (an bormJavas) xsnariT kanis gawmenda an lorwovani

garsis gamorecxva;

− damwvrobisas gamayuCebeli saSualebis gakeTeba da gadaxveva;

− dazianebulis simSvidiTa da siTboTi uzrunvelyofa.

meTaniT, mxuTavi gaziT da sxva mavne (ucnobi) airebiT mowamvlis SemTxvevaSi

saWiroa vimoqmedoT Semdegi, zogadi miTiTebebis Tanaxmad: dazianebuli unda

gamoiyvanoT mowamluli zonidan. uzrunvelyoT siTboTi da simSvidiT. SevuxsnaT

tansacmlis sayelo da sunTqvis gaCerebis SemTxvevaSi CavutaroT xelovnuri

sunTqva.

xanZari da afeTqebebi xanZari da afeTqebebi xanZari da afeTqebebi xanZari da afeTqebebi

xanZris dros saxanZro usafrTxoebis wesebis dacva da marjve moqmedeba

xels uwyobs xifaTis Sesustebas, adamianebisa da qonebis gadarCenas.

sawarmoebsa da organizaciebSi xanZrisa da afeTqebis aRsakveTad moqmedebs

maTTvis dadgenili xanZarsawinaaRmdego usafrTxoebis wesebi, teqnologiuri

instruqciebi, usafrTxoebis teqnikisa da Sromis dacvis normebi.

82

yofa-cxovrebaSi xanZrisa da afeTqebebis aRsakveTad, adamianTa sicocxlisa

da qonebis gadasarCenad maTi warmoqmnis dros saWiroa rigi akrZalvebisa da

martivi wesebis dacva.

xanZris Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa gamoiricxos saxlSi advilad

aalebadi, feTqebadi da Txevadi sawvavis didi raodenobis Senaxva. maTi

unmiSvnelo raodenoba unda inaxebodes mWidrod daxurul WurWelSi,

gamacxelebeli xelsawyoebidan moSorebiT, meqanikuri da Tburi zemoqmedebisagan

dacul mdgomareobaSi.

saWiroa gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile sayofacxovrebo qimiuri nivTierebebis

gamoyenebisas, ar SeiZleba maTi gadagdeba nagavsayrelebSi. ar SeiZleba Ria

cecxlze mastikisa da laqis, aerozoluri balonebis gacxeleba, benziniT recxva.

ar SeiZleba kibis baqnebze avejis, sawvavi nivTierebebis Senaxva. sardafebisa da

sxvenebis uwesrigod Caxergva. ar aris rekomendebuli eleqtrogasaTbobi

xelsawyoebis wvad sagnebTan axlos moTavseba. akraZalulia eleqtroqselis

gadatvirTva, eleqtrogasaTbobi xelsawyoebis da televizorebis CarTuli

datoveba, xolo saxlidan gasvlisas saWiroa maTi qselidan saerTod gamorTva.

aucilebelia sifrTxilis dacva sigaretis mowevis dros. ar SeiZleba sawolSi

moweva. ar SeiZleba sarecxis gaSroba anTebul gazquraze, an Rumelze.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces bavSvebis celqobis dros xanZris

gaCenis SesaZleblobas. bavSvebs unda aekrZaloT asanTiT TamaSi,

eleqtroxelsawyoebis CarTva da gazquris anTeba, dauSvebelia bavSvebis

umeTvalyureod datoveba. saxanZro

usafrTxoebis wesebis Tanaxmad akrZalulia:

SenobebTan da saxanZro hidrantebTan

misasvleli gzebis Caxergva. mravalbinian

saxlebSi saerTo Sesasvlelis Caketva.

aucilebelia gamarTul mdgomareobaSi

gvqondes saxanZro Semtyobineblebi e.w

gadamwodebi, kvamlgamwovi da xanZarsaqrobi

sistemebi.

xanZris warmoSobis dros saWiroa

TavdaWerilobis SenarCuneba. mdgomareobis

83

swrafad Sefaseba da swori gadawyvetilebebis miReba. saWiroa davTrgunoT

sakuTar TavSi dabneuloba da nerviuloba, Tavidan aviciloT panika.

yvela SenobaSi, xanZris SemTxvevisaTvis winaswar dgeba samoqmedo gegma,

romelSic SemuSavebulia Senobidan adamianebis gamoyvanisa da qonebis gadarCenis

wesi. gegmaSi miTiTebulia yvelaze umoklesi da usafrTxo gzebi.

Tu sazogadoebriv SenobaSi gaisma saxanZro gangaSis signali, aucilebelia

dauyonebliv panikis gareSe datovoT Senoba.

xanZris dros adamianebisaTvis yvelaze did safrTxes warmoadgens haeris

maRali temperatura, kvamli, naxSirJangis didi koncentreacia, Senoba-nagebobebis

SesaZlo Camongreva, teqnologiuri mowyobilobebisa da xelsawyoebis afeTqeba.

Tu mxedvelobis aris siRrme 10 m-ze naklebia, dakvamlianebis zonaSi Sesvla

saxifaToa.

cecxlmokidebuli Senobebidan dazaralebulebis gadarCenisas da xanZris

Caqrobisas saWiroa Semdegi wesebis dacva:

cecxlmokidebul SenobaSi Sesvlamde gadavifaroT sveli gadasafarebeli,

labada, mkvrivi qsovilis naWeri. dakvamlianebuli Senobis karebi SevaRoT

frTxilad, raTa haeris axali nakadis swrafi miwodebisas Tavidan aviciloT

uecari aaleba. Zlier dakvamlianebul SenobebSi saWiroa xoxviT an moxril

mdgomareobaSi gadaadgileba. mxuTavi gazisgan Tavis dasacavad visunTqoT sveli

naWris afarebiT. Tu adamians tansacmelze waekida cecxli, saWiroa mWidrod

gadavafaroT raime qsovili (palto, labada da a.S.), raTa cecxls Seuwydes haeris

miwodeba. aseve SeiZleba alis Caqroba miwaze goraobiT. gaqceva ar SeiZleba _ es

ufro gaaRvivebs cecxls. damwvrobis adgilebze saWiroa saxvevebis dadeba da

dazaralebulis uaxloes samedicino punqtSi gadayvana.

daimaxsovreT! patara bavSvebi SiSisagan xSirad imalebian loginis qveS,

karadebSi, miiyuJebian kuTxeebSi.

xanZris Caqrobis dros saWiroa gamoviyenoT cecxlmaqrobi, saxanZro

onkanebi, aseve wyali, qviSa, miwa, gadasafareblebi da sxva saSualebebi.

cecxlmaqrobi nivTiereba saWiroa mivmarToT umetesad intensiuri wvis

adgilebisaken, da ara cecxlis alisken (zedapirisken). Tu iwvis vertikaluri

zedapiri, wyali unda miesxas mis zeda nawils. dakvamlianebul SenobaSi

mizanSewonilia wylis gafantuli Wavlis gamoyeneba, rac xels uwyobs kvamlis

84

dajdomas da temperaturis Semcirebas. cecxli sawvav siTxeebze unda CavaqroT

qafwarmomqmneli nivTierebebiT, davayaroT qviSa, an miwa, xolo Tu, xanZris kera

didi ar aris, gadavafaroT brezenti, mZime qsovili, tansacmeli da a.S.

Tu iwvis denis sadenebi, pirvel rigSi saWiroa eleqtrowredis gamorTva

(CamrTvelis an elmcvelebis gaTiSva), xolo Semdeg SevudgeT xanZris Caqrobas.

xanZris zonidan gamosvla unda moxdes im mimarTulebiT, saidanac uberavs qari.

Tu xanZris Caqrobas ver vaxerxebT, mexanZreebis mosvlamde saWiroa

evakuireba. amisaTvis pirvel rigSi unda gamoviyenoT kibis ujredi. maTi

dakvamlianebis SemTxvevaSi unda daveSvaT saxanZro kibiT.

Senobis qveda sarTulebidan evakuireba SeiZleba damoukideblad,

fanjrebidan, an aivnebidan, agreTve xelT arsebuli saSualebebis gamoyenebiT

(Tokebi, zewrebi, satvirTo qamrebi da a.S.).

aranakleb saSiSroebas warmoadgens tyis xanZrebi. maTi qroba xdeba tyis

zolis gakafviT, gadamRobi zolis SeqmniT da sxva.

naxSirbadis Jangeulisagan specialuri damcavi saSualebaTa uqonlobisa da

airwinaRebis naklebobis SemTxvevaSi adamianTa daSavebis Tavidan asacileblad

saWiroa haeris maRali dagazianebis adgilebSi Semcirdes muSaobis vada da

momuSaveebs mieces dasvenebis saSualeba kvamlisagan gawmendil raionebSi.

yvelam, vinc monawileobs xanZris CaqrobaSi, unda icodes TavSesafrebis

adgilmdebareoba da maTTan misasvleli gzebi. sasurvelia mosaxleobis yvela

jgufs hyavdes Tavisi megzuri, romelic kargad icnobs adgilmdebareobas. Tu

adamianebs cecxlis rkali Semoertya, megzurma isini unda gaiyvanos usafrTxo

agdilas. saWiroa moveridoT xeebis waqcevas. tyis xanZris zonidan gamosvla unda

moxdes im mimarTulebiT, saidanac uberavs qari. gamoyenebuli unda iqnes Ria

sivrce, vel-mindvrebi, gzebi, mdinareebi.

saSiSroebis SemTxvevaSi xanZris qrobis monawileTa gafrTxileba xdeba

xmovani signalebiT. gansakuTrebul saSiSroebas momuSaveTaTvis warmoadgens

Zirgamomwvari xeebis waqceva, amitom maTi gasvla dawesebuli sazRvrebisa da

gamTiSavi arxebis (zolebis) gadaRma akrZalulia.

xanZris qrobis dros ar SeiZleba wylis nakadis misxma

eleqtrodanadgarebze da eleqtrogadamcem xazebze.

85

wvis zonis gavlis aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa wyvetili

(periodulad) sunTqvis Sekaveba, raTa ar dagviziandes sasunTqi organoebi.

akrZalulia xanZris zonaSi Ramis gaTeneba. Ramis gasaTevi adgili

dacilebuli unda iyos xanZris lokalizaciis teritoriidana ara nakleb 400

metrisa. igi unda SemoiRobos ara nakleb 2 metris siganis gamyofi zoliT.

xalxis umarTav masebTan e.w. brbosTan urTierToba xalxis umarTav masebTan e.w. brbosTan urTierToba xalxis umarTav masebTan e.w. brbosTan urTierToba xalxis umarTav masebTan e.w. brbosTan urTierToba

Qqalaqis sinamdvileSi, xifaTi dakavSirebuli e.w. brbosTan, anu umarTav

mravalricxovan xalxis

masebTan metad

aqtualuria, rameTu

panikaSi Cavardnili brbos

zemoqmedeba, rogorc mis

Semadgenel adamianebze,

aseve garSemo myofTaTvis

stiqiuri ubedurebis

tolfasia. brboSi

moxvedrili adamianebi,

misdauneburad xdebian

agresiulebi,

asocialurebi, xasiaTdebian Semcirebuli TviTkontrolisa da TviTkritikis

unariT. adaminTa umarTavi masebi warmoiSoba masobrivi mRelvarebebisa da

gamosvlebis, policiis mier demonstraciebis an mitingebis darbevisa da adamianTa

masobrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi (stadionebze, sakoncerto darbazebSi,

metropolitenSi, bazrobebze da sxva) teroristuli aqtebis ganxorcielebulis

SemTxvevaSi.

brbos moaxloebisas:brbos moaxloebisas:brbos moaxloebisas:brbos moaxloebisas:

ecadeT swrafad gadaxvideT gverdiT, paralelur qaCaze, CasaxvevSi, gamWol

ezoSi, an ukidures SemTxvevaSi Tavi SeafareT sadarbazos.

dauSvebelia moZraoba brbos gadaadgilebis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT:

CixSi, Seviwroebad an gadaTxril quCaze gadasvla.

moerideT brbos SenobebTan Sexebis adgilebs, Seminul vitraJebs da

wyalgadamyvan milebs.

86

umjobesia moixsnaT yelsaxvevebi, Sarfebi, saTvaleebi, sxvadasxva

morTulobani: Zewkvebi, samajurebi, sayureebi. SemoiWireT qamrebi, mWidroT

gaikvanZeT fexsacmlis Tasmebi.

dauSvebelia, SeecadoT brbosTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevas, xeli waavloT

uZrav sagnebs, miT umetes miekroT maT;

dauSvebelia daxra davardnili nivTebis aRebis an Ffexsacmlis Tasmis

gasworebis (Sekvris) mizniT. daimaxsovreT, brboSi dacema sikvdilis tolfasia.

ecadeT aseve ganTavisufldeT gabarituli da mZime sagnebisagan.

dauSvebelia xelebis aweva Tavis maRla, iseve rogorc jibeSi Cawyoba an

dabla daSveba. ecadeT, xelebi geWiroT mkerdis areSi, raTa xelebiTa da

idayvebiT daicvaT gulmkerdi.

Tu Tan gaxlavT patara bavSvi ecadeT, daiWiroT igi brbos maRla.

terminebisterminebisterminebisterminebis ganmartebaganmartebaganmartebaganmarteba

miwisZvris simZlavre (siZliere)miwisZvris simZlavre (siZliere)miwisZvris simZlavre (siZliere)miwisZvris simZlavre (siZliere) _ miwiszvris dros gamoyofili energiis

ganmsazRvreli sididea. igi izomeba magnitudebSi. magnituda aris standartul

(epicentridan 100 km-iT daSorebul) manZilze niadagis moZraobis maqsimaluri

amplitudis aTobiTi logariTmi. magnituda energiis proporciuli sididea,

romelic SeiZleba icvlebodes 0-dan 9-mde rixteris Skalis mixedviT.

miwisZvris intensivoba _ miwisZvris intensivoba _ miwisZvris intensivoba _ miwisZvris intensivoba _ dedamiwis zedapirze konkretul wertilSi

miwisZvris damangreveli Sedegis vizualuri Sefasebis mixedviT dadgenili

sididea. igi miwisZvris Sedegad dedamiwis zedapirze ryevebis aCqarebas axasiaTebs

da damokidebulia epicentridan daSorebis manZilze. misi mniSvneloba mcirdeba

centridan periferiisaken. intensivoba izomeba balebSi (MSK-98 –is mixedviT 0-dan

12-mde);

qaris siZliere _qaris siZliere _qaris siZliere _qaris siZliere _ es aris qaris siCqaris proporciuli sidide da axasiatebs

mis simZlavres. igi izomeba bofortis skaliT, balebSi.

radiaciuli gamosxivebis dozis simZlavre _radiaciuli gamosxivebis dozis simZlavre _radiaciuli gamosxivebis dozis simZlavre _radiaciuli gamosxivebis dozis simZlavre _ nivTierebis mier

gamosxivebuli rentgenis an gama-gamosxivebis raodenoba drois erTeulSi. igi

izomeba _ rentgeni/saaTebSi;

radiaciuli saeqspozicio dozaradiaciuli saeqspozicio dozaradiaciuli saeqspozicio dozaradiaciuli saeqspozicio doza _ aris radioaqtiuri nivTierebis mier

gamosxivebuli rentgenis an gama-gamosxivebis garkveuli raodenoba. misi

(sistemgareSe) sazomi erTeulia _ rentgeni. es iseTi gamosxivebis raodenobaa,

romelic nuli gradusisas da 760 mm vercxliswylis svetis wnevis pirobebSi 1sm3

87

mSral haerSi warmoqmnis 2,08 mlrd (2,08-109) wyvil ions. axasiaTebs rentgenul an

gama-gamosxivebis maionizebel SesaZleblobebs, saeqspozicio dozis zomis

erTeulebia: sistemgareSe rentgeni (1r=2,58 x 10-4 k/kg), `Si~ sistemaSi

kuloni/kilogramze (k/kg).

STanTqSTanTqSTanTqSTanTqmuli doza muli doza muli doza muli doza _ ZiriTadi dozimetriuli sidide, romelic tolia

elementarul moculobaSi maionizebel gamosxivebiT nivTierebebze gadacemuli

saSualo energiis fardobisa am moculobaSi nivTierebis masasTan. STanTqmuli

dozis zomis erTeulia: sistemgareSe-radi (1radi = 100 ergi/g = 0.01 j/kg = 1,388 x

10-6 kal/g), Si sistemaSi _ grei (1 gr = 1 j/kg; 1 radi = 0.01 gr).

ekvivalenturi dozaekvivalenturi dozaekvivalenturi dozaekvivalenturi doza _ warmoadgens STanTqmul dozas, romelSic

gaTvaliswinebulia mocemuli gamosxivebisa da gama-gamosxivebis biologiuri

zemoqmedebis efeqturobis sxvaoba. es gaTvaliswineba xdeba gamosxivebis xarisxis

koeficientis xarjze, romelic gviCvenebs Tu ramdenjer ufro efeqturia

mocemuli saxis gamosxiveba biologiuri zemoqmedebis dros gama-gamosxivebasTan

SedarebiT (organizmis qsovilebSi erTnairi dozis STanTqmis dros).

ekvivalenturi dozis erTeulia: sistemgareSe _ ber. Si-sistemaSi _ ziverti

(zv).

berberberber (biologiuri ekvivalenti rentgenis) _ nebismieri saxis gamosxivebis

iseTi STanTqmuli doza, romelic iwvevs imave biologiur efeqts, rasac 1

rentgeni gama-gamosxiveba.

momwamvleli nivTierebis koncentraciamomwamvleli nivTierebis koncentraciamomwamvleli nivTierebis koncentraciamomwamvleli nivTierebis koncentracia _ momwamlavi nivTierebebis

raodenoba, romelsac Seicavs mowamluli haeris an siTxis moculobis erTeuli.

igi gamoixateba momwamlavi nivTierebis woniT erTeulebSi _ gramebSi an

miligramebSi, mocemuli 1 l haerSi (an siTxeSi).

mowamvlis simkvrive (simWidrove)mowamvlis simkvrive (simWidrove)mowamvlis simkvrive (simWidrove)mowamvlis simkvrive (simWidrove) _ niadagis an obieqtis zedapirze

arsebuli Ffxvieri momwamlavi nivTierebis raodenoba, romelic ganisazrvreba

momwamvleli nivTierebis raodenobiT gramebSi 1 kv.m. mowamlul zedapirze.

momwamvleli nivTierebis toksmomwamvleli nivTierebis toksmomwamvleli nivTierebis toksmomwamvleli nivTierebis toksikuri doza _ ikuri doza _ ikuri doza _ ikuri doza _ momwamlavi nivTierebis

organizmze zemoqmedebis damaxasiaTebeli sidide, romelic ganisazRvreba am

nivTierebis haerSi koncentraciis sididis gamravlebiT im drois sidideze,

romlis ganmavlobaSic grZeldeba misi zemoqmedeba organizmze. misi ganzomilebaa

_ mg/l*wuTi an mg/ kub.m * wuTi

TemaTemaTemaTema№ 4444

88

ssmssmssmssm----s samedicinos samedicinos samedicinos samedicino samsaxuris formirebebisa da samsaxuris formirebebisa da samsaxuris formirebebisa da samsaxuris formirebebisa da dawesebulebebis momarageba dawesebulebebis momarageba dawesebulebebis momarageba dawesebulebebis momarageba

samedicino sanitarulsamedicino sanitarulsamedicino sanitarulsamedicino sanitarul----sameurneo da specialuri masalebiT da saSualebebiT; sameurneo da specialuri masalebiT da saSualebebiT; sameurneo da specialuri masalebiT da saSualebebiT; sameurneo da specialuri masalebiT da saSualebebiT;

ssssssssaaaaaaaaqqqqqqqqaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrTTTTTTTTvvvvvvvveeeeeeeelllllllloooooooossssssss SSSSSSSSrrrrrrrroooooooommmmmmmmiiiiiiiissssssss,,,,,,,, jjjjjjjjaaaaaaaannnnnnnnmmmmmmmmrrrrrrrrTTTTTTTTeeeeeeeelllllllloooooooobbbbbbbbiiiiiiiissssssssaaaaaaaa ddddddddaaaaaaaa ssssssssoooooooocccccccciiiiiiiiaaaaaaaalllllllluuuuuuuurrrrrrrriiiiiiii ddddddddaaaaaaaaccccccccvvvvvvvviiiiiiiissssssss ssssssssaaaaaaaammmmmmmmiiiiiiiinnnnnnnniiiiiiiissssssssttttttttrrrrrrrroooooooossssssss rrrrrrrroooooooolllllllliiiiiiii

((((((((ffffffffuuuuuuuunnnnnnnnqqqqqqqqcccccccciiiiiiiiaaaaaaaa 66666666)))))))) sagangebo situaciebis marsagangebo situaciebis marsagangebo situaciebis marsagangebo situaciebis marTvis erTian sistemaSiTvis erTian sistemaSiTvis erTian sistemaSiTvis erTian sistemaSi

sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis samedicino formirebebisa da sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis samedicino formirebebisa da sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis samedicino formirebebisa da sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis samedicino formirebebisa da

dawesebulebebis momarageba samedicino, sanitaruldawesebulebebis momarageba samedicino, sanitaruldawesebulebebis momarageba samedicino, sanitaruldawesebulebebis momarageba samedicino, sanitarul----sameurneo da specialuri sameurneo da specialuri sameurneo da specialuri sameurneo da specialuri

masalebiTa da saSualebebiTmasalebiTa da saSualebebiTmasalebiTa da saSualebebiTmasalebiTa da saSualebebiT

samedicino logistika

sagangebo situaciebis dros mosaxleobis warmatebuli da Sedegiani

samedicino uzrunvelyofa (logistika) gulisxmobs samedicino daxmarebis

gawevas adgilebze, daSavebulTa evakuacias, triaJs da specializebul,

diferencirebul daxmarebas. am rTuli misiis Sesruleba ki warmoudgenelia

samedicino dawesebulebebisa da formirebebis samedicino qonebiT kargad

dagegmili da uwyveti momaragebis gareSe. katastrofis dros(saomari da

bunebrivi kataklizmebi) adgili aqvs masobriv dazianebebs, rac saWiroebs

samedicino saSualebebis did raodenobas. SesaZloa samedicino dawesebulebebi

an samedicino qonebis sacavebi Tavad aRmoCndes dazianebis keraSi. maTi

ganadgureba an mwyobridan gamosvla gamoiwvevs maragebis Sevsebis SezRudvas.

aseT viTarebaSi gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania samedicino maragebis moZiebisa

da Sevsebis sakiTxi.

Cvens qveyanaSi samedicino dawesebulebebisa da sxva samaSvelo

formirebebis(aseve dazaralebuli mosaxleobis) samedicino qonebiT

uzrunvelyofa xorcieldeba Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis

saministros xelmZRvanelobiT. qveyanas gaaCnia aucilebeli resursi(saxelmwifo,

regionul da raionul doneze), romelic saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moTxovnisas

gaicema ganacxadebis safuZvelze.

momaragebis samsaxuris amocanebi

samedicino momaragebis marTvis organizebis ZiriTad amocanas

warmoadgens:

- dawesebulebebisa da formirebebis samedicino momaragebis gegmis

SemuSaveba,

89

- Casatarebeli samkurnalo-saevakuacio, sanitarul-higienuri da

epidsawinaaRmdego RonisZiebaTa gaTvaliswineba,

- aucilebeli samedicino maragebis dagroveba, Senaxva da drouli

ganaxleba. maTi dacva masobrivi dazianebis iaraRisgan,

- sagangebo situaciis dros samedicino dawesebulebebisa da formirebebis

drouli da uwyveti momaragebis organizeba,

- samedicino dawesebulebebisa da formirebebis personalis swavleba

samedicino qonebis racionaluri moxmarebis da gafrTxilebis Sesaxeb,

- qonebis xarjvis aRricxva-angariSgeba.

qonebis saxeebi

qoneba, romelic saWiroa samedicino dawesebulebebisa da formirebebis

aRsaWurvad, iyofa samsamsamsam jgufad:

---- samedicinosamedicinosamedicinosamedicino, romelsac miekuTvneba medikamentebi, Sesaxvevi da sakeravi

masala, biopreparatebi, sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi, stomatologiuri,

rentgenologiuri da laboratoriuli masalebi, aparatura, instrumentebi da

inventari, avadmyofis movlis sagnebi.

---- sanitarulsanitarulsanitarulsanitarul----sameurneo, sameurneo, sameurneo, sameurneo, romelsac miekuTvneba aveji, sasadilo da

samzareulo inventari, loginis da piradi TeTreuli, xalaTi da Custi.

---- specialuri,specialuri,specialuri,specialuri, romelsac miekuTvneba radiaciuli da qimiuri dazvervis

xelsawyoebi, sasunTqi gzebisa da kanis damcavi saSualebebi, sainJinro da

xanZarsawinaaRmdego masalebi.

samedicino qonebis klasifikacia

xarjvadixarjvadixarjvadixarjvadi, romelsac aqvs vargisianobis vada da aris erTjeradi

moxmarebis da

90

inventaruli, inventaruli, inventaruli, inventaruli, romelsac aqvs 5 5 5 5 kategoria:

I kategoria - sruliad axali, romelic ar Sesula eqsploataciaSi

II kategoria – eqsploataciaSi myofi, gamarTuli

III kategoria – eqvemdebareba Sualedur remonts

IV kategoria – eqvemdebareba kapitalur remonts

V kategoria – gamosulia mwyobridan da eqvemdebareba Camoweras da

daSlas saTadarigo nawilebad gamoyenebis mizniT.

91

samedicino dawesebulebebis aRWurva

sagangebo situaciis dros yvela samkurnalo dawesebuleba (hospitali)

modis mzadyofnaSi daSavebulta didi nakadebis misaRebad. maT profils

gansazRvravs jandacvis saministro da funqcionireben Tavisi kompetenciis

farglebSi reagirebis gegmis Sesabamisad.

“reagirebis gegmis” mixedviT yvela samkurnalo dawesebuleba

valdebulia iqonios aucilebeli samedicino qonebis garkveuli maragi. gegmaSi

gawerili unda iyos im samedicino da farmacevtuli kompaniebis, sisxlis bankis,

Jangbadis saamqros da sxva dawesebulebebis CamonaTvali, romelTanac

gaformebulia xelSekrulebebi gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi saWiro qonebiT

uzrunvelyofis mizniT.

hospitlebi aRWurvili unda iyos xelovnuri sunTqvis aparatebiT,

narkotikuli da fsiqotropuli medikamentebiT, sisxliTa da sisxlis

SemcvlelebiT, tkivilgamayuCeblebit, antibiotikebiT, antidotebiT, Sesaxvevi da

sakeravi masalebiT, SratebiT da vaqcinebiT, sadiagnostiko masalebiT.

samedicino dawesebulebebi mzad unda iyos pacientTa sadReRamiso miRebisa da

momsaxurebisTvis da Sesabamisad uwyvetad maragdebodes farmacevtuli

saSualebebiT.

mniSvnelovania aseve samkurnalo dawesebulebebis momarageba sakvebi

produqtiT, JangbadiT, komunalur-sayofacxovrebo da sxva materialur-teqnikuri

saSualebebiT.

pirveli daxmarebis samsaxurebis aRWurva

rac Seexeba samaSvelo(romelTa SemadgenlobaSi aris samedicino

personali) da pirveli samedicino daxmarebis formirebebs, maT aRWurvaSi aris

92

rogorc individualuri dacvis saSualebebi (individualuri afTiaqi,

individualuri qimsawinaaRmdego paketi, indiv. Sesaxvevi paketi), aseve samedicino

CanTebi im aucilebeli medikamentebiTa da samedicino sagnebiT, romlebic

saWiroa adgilebze pirveli da gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis aRmosaCenad,

kerZod: tkivilgamayuCeblebi, gadasasxmelebi, antibiotikebi(aerozolis an siTxis

saxiT, raTa dauyovnebliv moxdes dazianebuli adgilebis damuSaveba da

Semcirdes dainficirebis albaToba), tetanusis sawinaaRmdego da

antigangrenozuli Sratebi, antiseptikebi, laxti, artaSnebi, Sesaxvevi da

sakeravi masalebi, sxvadasxva saxis safenebi, instumentebi(makrateli, momWeri,

skalpeli, laringoskopi, ambus parki, wnevis aparati, kisris fiqsatori da sxva)

da uwyvet reJimSi mimdinareobs gaxarjuli qonebis axliT Sevseba.

ESeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros, sadac monawileoben samxedro

formirebebi, samxedro medikosebi da aseve samxedro transporti (vertmfreni,

tanki, javSantransportiori, avtomobili)aRWurvili arian sxvadasxva saxis

samedicino kompleqtebiT, sadac Sedis is aucilebeli qoneba, romelic

konkretuli samxedro personis(eqimi, sabrZolo medikosi, sabrZolo maSveli) an

transportisTvis aris saWiro.

93

aRniSnul qonebas waredgineba gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebi:

kompleqturoba, anu qonebis dajgufeba samedicino daxmarebis saxeobis an

funqcionaluri niSniT, kompleqti gaTvlilia dazaralebulTa gansazRvrul

raodenobaze.

portatuloba, rac niSnavs, rom is unda iyos martivi konstruqciis,

msubuqi,

simtkice, radganac is aris mravaljeradi da xangrZlivi gamoyenebisTvis,

mdgradi temperaturuli cvalebadobis mimarT,

hermetulad SefuTuli, rac icavs mtvrisa da sinestisgan, mavne

zemoqmedebebisagan da saWiroebisas SesaZlebels xdis maT dezinfeqcias,

degazacias da dezaqtivacias.

spectransportis aRWurva

pacientTa evakuacia stacionalur dawesebulebebSi xorcieldeba

spectransportiT – reanimobilebiT, romlebic aRWurvilia rogorc aucilebeli

medikamentebiT, aseve samedicino aparaturiTa da JangbadiT. arsebobs sxvadasxva

tevadobis spectransporti, sadac pacientebis ganTavseba xdeba gansazRvruli

TanmimdevrobiT. drouli evakuacia didwilad gansazRvravs maTi sicocxlis

gadarCenas.

urTierTTanamSromloba

samedicino-samaSvelo brigadebSi, garda sagangebo situaciaTa

samsaxurebis samedicino personalisa, aqtiurad monawileoben sxva eqimebic,

romelTac koordinacias uwevs Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis

94

saministros Sesabamisi samsaxuri. es samsaxuri axorcielebs aseve

sazRvargareTis qveynebidan humanitaruli daxmarebis saxiT Semosuli

samkurnalo saSualebebiT hospitlebis momaragebas. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi

dazianebulTa daxmarebaSi erToba saerTaSoriso institutebi.

epidemiis zona, mobiluri savele hospitali

epidemiebisa da iseTi katastrofebis dros, romelsac Tan axlavs

momwamvleli nivTierebebis gaJonva, samaSvelo samsaxurebi aRiWurveba Sesabamisi

samosiT(spectansacmeli), xelsawyoebiT da sadezinfeqcio da sadegazacio

saSualebebiT. am dros garkveul teritoriaze gamocxaddeba karantini, romlis

zonaSi samoqalaqo dawesebulebebi SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnes droebiTi

infeqciuri stacionaris gasaSlelad, sadac moxdeba daSavebulTa da maTi

tansacmlis sanitaruli damuSaveba, dezinfeqcia, dezaqtivacia da degazacia.

rodesac katastrofis masStabebi Zalian didia, Sesabamisad izrdeba

daWrilTa da daSavebulTa raodenobac. SesaZloa daziandes TviT samkurnalo

dawesebulebebic da moiSalos samedicino daxmarebis infrastruqtura. am dros

ganixileba misi nawilobrivi an mTliani evakuaciis sakiTxi, xolo

aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi iSleba mobiluri savele hospitali. bolo wlebis

gamocdilebam aCvena, rom isini funqcionireben mniSvnelovani warmatebiT, Tumca

aris ZviradRirebuli.

mosalodneli bunebrivi safrTxeebisa da im gamowvevebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

romelic Cveni qveynis winaSe dgas, saerTaSoriso humanitaruli organizaciebis

TanadgomiTa da rekomendaciebiT SemuSavda programebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi,

romlis mizania samedicino personalis uwyveti swavleba da treningebi, raTa

maT eqstremalur pirobebSi SeZlon dazianebulTaTvis drouli da efeqturi

daxmarebis aRmoCena, danakargebis Semcireba da meti sicocxlis gadarCena.

saqasaqasaqasaqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros rTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros rTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros rTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros

mier sagangebo situaciebis dros samedicino uzrunvelyofis ZiriTadi mier sagangebo situaciebis dros samedicino uzrunvelyofis ZiriTadi mier sagangebo situaciebis dros samedicino uzrunvelyofis ZiriTadi mier sagangebo situaciebis dros samedicino uzrunvelyofis ZiriTadi

RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba da ganxorcielebis koordinacia;RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba da ganxorcielebis koordinacia;RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba da ganxorcielebis koordinacia;RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba da ganxorcielebis koordinacia;

sagangebo situaciebis dros samedicino daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa sagangebo situaciebis dros samedicino daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa sagangebo situaciebis dros samedicino daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa sagangebo situaciebis dros samedicino daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa ----

funqciafunqciafunqciafunqcia 6666

saministros amocana

95

sagangebo situaciebze reagirebis saerTo kompleqsur RonisZiebaTa Soris

metad mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri

dacvis saministros roli, rac gamoixateba mis mier samedicino

uzrunvelyofis ZiriTadi RonisZiebebis SemuSavebasa da ganxorcielebis

koordinaciaSi.

saministros koordinatori warmodgenilia Sss ss marTvis departamentSi

krizisebis marTvis centrSi da iq miRebul samTavrobo gadawyvetilebebs

gadascems saministros, romelic miRebuli davalebebisa da reagirebis gegmis

farglebSi warmarTavs Semdgom muSaobas.

ZiriTadi amocana - samedicino daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa, rac gulisxmobs

pirvel rigSi gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenas da SemdgomSi

diferencirebuli saeqimo daxmarebis aRmoCenis sakiTxis gadawyvetas,

dazaralebulTa daniSnulebis punqtSi gagzavnis organizebas, saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi sagangebo situaciis zonaSi savele hospitlebis gaSlas da

maTTvis saWiro personalis mobilizebas, higienuri da epidsawinaaRmdego

zedamxedvelobis uzrunvelyofas, epidemiis savaraudo kerebis gamovlenas da

maTi likvidaciisaTvis gasatarebeli RonisZiebebis koordinacias, specifiuri

(tuberkulozuri, narkologiuri, fsiqonevrologiuri, veneriuli)

avadmyofebis, agreTve SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis

gansakuTrebuli dacvis qveS ayvanas; epizootiuri zedamxedvelobis

uzrunvelyofas - gansakuTrebulad saSiSi infeqciebis warmoSobis

asacileblad profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas (sagangebo

situaciebis zonis epizootologiuri gamokvlevis Catareba da

gansakuTrebulad saSiSi infeqciebis baqteriologiuri laboratoriuli

gamokvlevebis ganxorcieleba);

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sagangebo situaciebisTvis

samedicino maragis Seqmnis uzrunvelyofas; mosaxleobis imunizaciisa da

profilaqtikuri mkurnalobis Catarebis mizniT saWiro vaqcinebis momaragebas;

aucilebel samedicino inventarsa da preparatebze, adamianTa resursebsa da

specialistebze moTxovnilebis gansazRvras rogorc sakuTar qveyanaSi, ise

sxva saxelmwifoebidan;

96

sagangebo situaciebis dros SesaZloa Tavad samkurnalo dawesebulebebi

moxvdes katastrofis zonaSi, amitom dazaralebulebisaTvis operatiuli da

uwyveti samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT unda Sefasdes samedicino

dawesebulebebis gadarCenili (SenarCunebuli) struqturuli erTeulebis

gamoyenebis xarisxi, an SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes alternatiul dawesebulebaSi

gadaadgilebis dagegmva (ramdenime samsaxuris, saavadmyofos nawilis an

mTlianad saavadmyofos evakuacia). mosaxleoba mudmivad unda iyos

informirebuli ama Tu im samedicino samsaxuris dislokaciis adgilis

Secvlis Taobaze.

metad didia saswrafo daxmarebisa da pirveladi saeqimo brigadebis

pasuxismgebloba, romlebic uSualod gadian dazianebis keraSi. maT

formirebas da koordinacias axorcielebs Sesabamisi samsaxuri.

gansakuTrebulad mZime avadmyofebisaTvis ganisazRvreba maTi sxva

qalaqebsa da saxelmwifoebSi evakuaciis SesaZlebloba da organizeba, aseve

maTi uzrunvelyofa koleqtiuri da individualuri dacvis saSualebebiT .

urTierTTanamSromloba da mxardaWera sxva uwyebebis mxridan

saministro funqcionirebs sxva uwyebebTan mudmivi koordinaciisa da

TanamSromlobis principiT. es uwyebebia;

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sagangebo situaciebis marTvis

departmenti;

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli

piri _ sapatrulo policiis departamenti;

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli

piri - dacvis policiis departamenti

saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro;

saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro –saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi monawileobas

iRebs sagangebo situaciebis zonaSi dazaralebulTaTvis pirveladi

samedicino da saswrafo daxmarebis aRmoCenaSi kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili

wesiT.

saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministro - axorcielebs kvebis

produqtebis, sakvebi nedleulis kontrolsa da eqspertizas. awyobs

dazianebis kerebSi fito da veterinarul karantinebs, wyvets avadmyofebis

97

kvebiT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebs da daxmarebis aRmoCenis dros warmoqmnil

sxva problemebs.

saqarTvelos wiTeli jvris sazogadoeba – uzrunvelyofs pirvelad

samedicino daxmarebasa da dazaralebulTa samedicino daxmarebas, agreTve

savele hosptalis mowyobas.

krizisebis marTvis operatiuli centris gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze

saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro iwyebs

Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas.

(funqcia 6)

muSaobas iwyebs saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri

dacvis saministros sagangebo Stabi, romelic funqcionirebs saministroSi

arsebuli reagirebis gegmis mixedviT; iqmneba sagangebo situaciaze pirveladi

reagirebis jgufebi. saministro uzrunvelyofs uflebamosili eqspertebis

mivlinebas adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis sagangebo Stabebsa da

savele operaciebis centrSi.

sagangebo Stabi mudmiv kontaqtzea Sesabamis samedicino

dawesebulebebTan, raTa ganisazRvros mimdinare samedicino moTxovnebi.

saministros sagangebo Stabma SeiZleba moiTxovos daxmareba mxardamWeri

uwyebebidan, Tu sakuTari ZalebiT ver uzrunvelyofs sagangebo daxmarebis

funqcia N6-is Sesrulebas.

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sagangebo situaciebis marTvis

departamenti koordinacias uwevs Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri

dacvis saministros, da sxva uwyebebs, raTa moxdes riskebis analizi, Sefaseba

da daxmarebis aRmoCena.

98

katastrofebis SemTxvevebis marTvakatastrofebis SemTxvevebis marTvakatastrofebis SemTxvevebis marTvakatastrofebis SemTxvevebis marTva

katastrofis katastrofis katastrofis katastrofis zonazonazonazona

Sss sagangebo situaciebis Sss sagangebo situaciebis Sss sagangebo situaciebis Sss sagangebo situaciebis departamentis departamentis departamentis departamentis antikrizisuliantikrizisuliantikrizisuliantikrizisuli

marTvis centri marTvis centri marTvis centri marTvis centri

samedicino rezervebisamedicino rezervebisamedicino rezervebisamedicino rezervebi

katastrofis medicinis centrebikatastrofis medicinis centrebikatastrofis medicinis centrebikatastrofis medicinis centrebi

jandacvis jandacvis jandacvis jandacvis saministrosaministrosaministrosaministro

stacionaristacionaristacionaristacionari

adgilze daxmareba/transportirebaadgilze daxmareba/transportirebaadgilze daxmareba/transportirebaadgilze daxmareba/transportireba

r egi oni

r ef er al ur i saavadmyof o sxva mor eagi r e si st emebi

03

mosaxleobis janmrTelobamosaxleobis janmrTelobamosaxleobis janmrTelobamosaxleobis janmrTeloba

ganixilaven operatiuli reagirebis 2 formas:

pirveladi reagirebapirveladi reagirebapirveladi reagirebapirveladi reagireba

• mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sefaseba da moTxovnebis

gansazRvra, samedicino uzrunvelyofa:

• monitoringi

• samedicino daxmarebis personali

• samedicino aRWurviloba da resursebi

• avadmyofTa evakuacia

• dazaralebulTauzrunvelyofa medikamentebiT

• sisxli da sisxlis produqtebi

• samedicino personalis janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis

uzrunvelyofa

• samedicino konsultacia, teqnikuri daxmareba

• mosaxleobis informireba

• saSiS daavadebaTa kontroli

grZelvadiani reagirebagrZelvadiani reagirebagrZelvadiani reagirebagrZelvadiani reagireba

99

• sagangebo Stabi

• samedicino reagirebis jgufebis aqtivacia

• samedicino transportirebis moTxovnis koordinacia

• samedicino aRWurvilobis SeZenis, awyobis da miwodebis koordinacia

• moqmedebis Semdgomi moxsenebebi

samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi

romelTa bazazec axorcielebs saministro Tavis funqcia-movaleobebs:

• saministros debuleba;

• saqarTvelos kanoni ,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo


• ,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebze erovnuli

reagirebis gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb’’ saqarTvelos prezidentis 2008 wlis 26

agvistos #415 brZanebuleba;

• saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2008 wlis 21 martis #69 dadgenileba

,,sagangebo situaciebis marTvis samTavrobo komisiis debulebis damtkicebis

Sesaxeb’’;

• saministros debuleba;

• saqarTvelos kanoni ,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo


• ,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebze erovnuli

reagirebis gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb’’ saqarTvelos prezidentis 2008 wlis 26

agvistos #415 brZanebuleba;

• saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2010 wlis 4 ivnisis #153 dadgenileba

,,sagangebo situaciebze reagirebis Zalebis wesdebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb’’;

• saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2010 wlis 4 ivnisis #154 dadgenileba

,,usafrTxoebis deklaraciis wardgenis wesis Sesaxeb instruqciis damtkicebis

Taobaze’’;

• saqarTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb”;

• saqarTvelos kanoni sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis Sesaxeb;

• saqarTvelos kanoni sagangebo mdgomareobebis Sesaxeb.

saministros sagangebo Stabi

sagangebo daxmarebis funqcia 6funqcia 6funqcia 6funqcia 6----isisisis amoqmedebasa da mis koordinacias

axorcielebs saministros sagangebo Stabi, romelic moqmedebs dargobrivi

100

reagirebis gegmis Sesabamisad da mis funqcionirebas xels uwyobs saministros

sagangebo situaciebis koordinaciisa da reJimis departamenti;

saqarTvelos prezidentis 2008 wlis 26 agvistos #415 brZanebulebiT

damtkicebuli reagirebis erovnuli gegmis Sesabamisad saministros mier

yvela profilis stacionarul da ambulatoriuli tipis samedicino

dawesebulebas gaegzavna moTxovna sagangebo situaciebze saavadmyofoTa

mzadyofnis da reagirebis gegmebis SemuSavebis Taobaze. am etapze,

saministroSi warmodgenili da SeTanxmebulia orasamde samedicino

dawesebulebis sagangebo situaciebze reagirebis gegma;

saministros sagangebo Stabs xelmZRvanelobs saqarTvelos Sromis,

janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministri, Stabis SemadgenlobaSi Sedian

ministris moadgileebi, saministros struqturuli

qvedanayofebis/departamentebis, saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi Semavali

saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebulebebis da saministros saxelmwifo

kontrols daqvemdebarebuli sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis

xelmZRvanelebi.

SetyobinebisSetyobinebisSetyobinebisSetyobinebis sqemasqemasqemasqema

sagangebosagangebosagangebosagangebosituaciebissituaciebissituaciebissituaciebis

koordinaciisakoordinaciisakoordinaciisakoordinaciisa dadadadareJimisreJimisreJimisreJimis

departamentidepartamentidepartamentidepartamenti

877 92 92 83877 92 92 83877 92 92 83877 92 92 83877 92 29 37877 92 29 37877 92 29 37877 92 29 37877 28 28 68877 28 28 68877 28 28 68877 28 28 68

ministri ministri ministri ministri

ministris moadgileebiministris moadgileebiministris moadgileebiministris moadgileebi

saministros centraluri saministros centraluri saministros centraluri saministros centraluri aparatis struqturuli aparatis struqturuli aparatis struqturuli aparatis struqturuli

qvedanayofebi qvedanayofebi qvedanayofebi qvedanayofebi (departamentebi)(departamentebi)(departamentebi)(departamentebi)

veteranTaveteranTaveteranTaveteranTa departamentidepartamentidepartamentidepartamenti

Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sagangebo situaciebis marTvis sagangebo situaciebis marTvis sagangebo situaciebis marTvis sagangebo situaciebis marTvis

departamentidepartamentidepartamentidepartamentis krizisebis s krizisebis s krizisebis s krizisebis marTvis sauwyebaTaSoriso marTvis sauwyebaTaSoriso marTvis sauwyebaTaSoriso marTvis sauwyebaTaSoriso

operatiuli centrioperatiuli centrioperatiuli centrioperatiuli centri

samedicino saqmianobis samedicino saqmianobis samedicino saqmianobis samedicino saqmianobis saxelmwifo regulirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis

saagentosaagentosaagentosaagento

socialuri subsidiebis socialuri subsidiebis socialuri subsidiebis socialuri subsidiebis saagentosaagentosaagentosaagento

daavadebaTadaavadebaTadaavadebaTadaavadebaTa kontrolisakontrolisakontrolisakontrolisadadadada sazogadoebrivisazogadoebrivisazogadoebrivisazogadoebrivi

janmrTelobisjanmrTelobisjanmrTelobisjanmrTelobis erovnulierovnulierovnulierovnulicentricentricentricentri

ministrisministrisministrisministris pirvelipirvelipirvelipirvelimoadgilemoadgilemoadgilemoadgile

saministros sagangebo Stabis funqcia-movaleobebia:

• sagangebo daxmarebis funqcia 6-is amoqmedeba da saministros

dargobrivi reagirebis da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis RonisZiebaTa gegmis aqtivacia

sagangebo situaciebis saxeobis Sesabamisad;

101

• sagangebo situaciebis dros Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri

dacvis saministros sistemis da jandacvis sferoSi Sesabamisi Zalebisa da

saSualebebis mobilizeba;

• mosaxleobis samedicino uzrunvelyofis mizniT da samoqalaqo

Tavdacvis saWiroebebidan gamomdinare samedicino formirebaTa Seqmnis

koordinacia;

• samedicino dawesebulebebis moqmedebaTa da samedicino

dawesebulebebs Soris gadaudebeli mdgomareobebisas drouli samedicino

transportirebis koordinacia;

• saministros strategiuli maragebis da saministrosTvis sagangebo

situaciebis dros gadacemuli humanitaruli tvirTis ganawilebis

koordinacia;

• saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mxardamWeri uwyebebidan Sesabamisi

moTxovnis deklarireba.

Zalebi da saSualebebi

ra Zalebi da saSualebebi gaaCnia jandacvis saministros am procedurebis

operatiulad da efeqturad warsamarTavad?

centraluri done:centraluri done:centraluri done:centraluri done:

• saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis

saministros sagangebo situaciebis koordinaciisa da reJimis departamenti;

• sagangebo situaciebis marTvis centralizebuli sistemis da

referaluri mimarTvianobis gaumjobesebis mizniT sagangebo situaciebis

koordinaciisa da reJimis departamentSi Seiqmna gadaudebeli mdgomareobebis

marTvis centri, romelic rogorc sagangebo situaciebis dros, aseve

yoveldRiur reJimSi koordinacias uwevs pacientTa referals da

transportirebas 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi;

• qveynis masStabiT dainstalirda radioretranslatoruli qseli da

katastrofis medicinis centrebi aRiWurva kavSirgabmulobis alternatiuli

saSualebebiT .

• departamentSi SemuSavda „katastrofebisa da gadaudebel daxmarebis

samsaxurebis monitoringis eleqtronuli programa“, romelic onlain reJimSi

uzrunvelyofs reanimobilebis marSrutis, pacientTa mdgomareobis, samedicino

102

daxmarebis saxis gansazRvras da Sesabamis stacionarSi ganTavsebas.

mimdinareobs aRniSnuli sistemis danergva katastrofebisa da gadaudebeli

daxmarebis centrebSi mTeli qveynis masStabiT. programa koordiancias gauwevs

pacientTa referals/transportirebas rogorc sagangebo situaciebis dros,

aseve yoveldRiur samuSao reJimSi;

• departamentis gadaudebeli mdgomareobebis marTvis centrSi Seqmnilia

sisxlis da sisxlis komponentebis maragebis sainformacio baza. mudmivad

mimdinareobs sisxlis arsebuli maragebis monitoringi da informaciis

ganaxleba. informacia xelmisawvdomia samedicino dawesebulebebisaTvis 24

saaTian reJimSi;

aseva mniSvnelovania codna hospitaluri resursishospitaluri resursishospitaluri resursishospitaluri resursis Sesaxeb:

• reanimaciuli sawolebi

• xelovnuri sunTqvis aparatebi

• qirurgiuli brigadebi

• sisxlis bankebi

• axalSobilTa inkubatorebi (kuvezi)

• gadaudebeli daxmarebis avtotransporti

saministros muSaoba konfliqtebisa da epidemiebis dros

axlo warsulis magaliTebs Tu ganvixilavT, 2008 wlis ruseT2008 wlis ruseT2008 wlis ruseT2008 wlis ruseT----

saqarTvelos omisaqarTvelos omisaqarTvelos omisaqarTvelos omis dross dross dross dros saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri

dacvis saministroSi ministris 09.08.08. #191/o brZanebiT Seiqmna Stabi;

sagangebo situaciebis koordinaciisa da reJimis departamenti Stabis

saqmianobis farglebSi koordinacias uwevda dazaralebulTa droul

samedicino transportirebas da samedicino dawesebulebebis

urTierTSeTanxmebul funqcionirebas; saomari moqmedebebis dros

dazaralebuli mosaxleobis samedicino momsaxurebas uzrunvelyofda 43

saavadmyofo mTeli qveynis masStabiT, “Tbilisis saswrafo samedicino

daxmarebis centri”, regionuli saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis samsaxurebi;

srulad dakompleqtda savele hospitali

saomar zonaSi mobilizebuli iyo 28 erTeuli maRali gamavlobis

saswrafo daxmarebis manqana, 30 reanimobili, 65 erTeuli saswrafo samedicino

daxmarebis manqana,.

103

rac Seexeba pandemiur (pandemiur (pandemiur (pandemiur (H1N1) 2009 grips,2009 grips,2009 grips,2009 grips, pandemiur periodSi sagangebo

situaciebis koordinaciisa da reJimis departamenti axorcielebda pandemiuri

gripis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebis marTvas: 24 saaTian reJimSi (SabaT-kviris

CaTvliT) mimdinareobda saavadmyofoebis datvirTvis, gamoTavisuflebuli

sawolebis da xelovnuri sunTqvis aparatebis mudmiv monitoringi da

pacientTa nakadis mimarTvianobis, transportirebis da ganTavsebis

koordinacia;

yvela samedicino dawesebulebas, maTi moTxovnis safuZvelze,

gamartivebuli wesiT, dauyovnebliv gadascemoda antivirusul medikamentebi da

damcavi niRbebi rogorc TbilisSi, aseve regionebSi (mag. erT dReSi moxda

yvela poliklinikis uzrunvelyofa niRbebiT). arasamuSao saaTebSi da SabaT-

kviras antivirusuli medikamentebis gacema xdeboda departamentis

gadaudebeli mdgomareobebis marTvis centris mier 24 saaTian reJimSi.

regionul da raionul samedicino dawesebulebebs antivirusuli medikamentebi

da damcavi niRbebi gadaecemodaT regionebSi departamentis warmomadgenlebis

meSveobiT.

saavadmyofoebSi moxda ganyofilebebis profilis Secvla, sawolTa

fondis mobilizacia, gazrda da izolireba.

qveynis masStabiT moxda saavadmyofoebis simZlavreebis gazrda,

departamentis organizebiT, pandemiuri (H1N1) gripis etiologiis,

paTogenezis, klinikis, diagnostikis da profilaqtika-mkurnalobis Temebze

leqcia/seminarebi Cautarda 4500 eqims rogorc TbilisSi (Sromis,

janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministroSi), aseve regionebSi.

leqciebi CautardaT Tavdacvis saministros, sasjelaRsrulebis

departamentis da saapelacio sasamarTlos samedicino personals;

sainformacio-saganmanaTleblo leqciebi CautardaT saqarTvelos

teqnikuri universitetis studentebs da sxvadasxva saxelmwifo uwyebebis

TanamSromlebs;

pandemiur periodSi, Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis

saministroSi, yovelkvireulad (yovel paraskevs), tardeboda gafarToebuli

sainformacio Sexvedrebi rogorc samedicino, aseve samoqalaqo

sazogadoebisTvis da JurnalistebisTvis, sadac maT miewodebodaT siaxleebi

pandemiur gripTan dakavSirebiT;

104

pandemiur periodSi, departamentSi 24 saaTian reJimSi funqcionirebda

cxeli xazi, romlis saSualebiT, samedicino personali da moqalaqeebi,

iRebdnen amomwurav informacias pandemiuri gripis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT;

departamentis mier momzadda da qveynis masStabiT samedicino

dawesebulebebs gaegzavnaT werilebi departamentSi arsebuli cxeli xazis

satelefono nomrebis da gaidlainebis/protokolebis internet misamarTis

(saministros vebgverdze) miTiTebiT.

saganmanaTleblo da sainformacio samuSaoebi

departamentis TanamSromlebma da warmomadgenlebma ganaxorcieles vizitebi

saqarTvelos yvela regionSi, Sexvdnen samedicino dawesebulebebis

personals, miawodes maT informacia pandemiuri gripis prevenciuli

RonisZiebebis da marTvis organizaciul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, gadasces

gaidlainebi, protokolebi da jandacvis msoflio organizaciis

rekomendaciebi.

departamentis organizebiT, 2007 wlidan mimdinareobs gadaudebeli

samedicino momsaxurebisaTvis adamianuri resursis – maSveli rezervistebis,

eqim rezervistebisa da eqimi rezervistis TanaSemweebis etapobrivi mzadeba:

2008 wels momzadda 200 jandacvis specialisti ( eqimebi da menejerebi).

swavleba Catarda TbilisSi, imereTis, samegrelo-zemo svaneTis da Sida

qarTlis regionebSi. swavlebis periodSi Catarda ori simulaciuri

savarjiSo;

2009-10 wlebSi momzadda 400 specialisti (eqimi, menejeri da maSveli).

treningi Catarda TbilisSi, samcxe-javaxeTis, Sida qarTlis, imereTis da

kaxeTis regionebSi. Catarda 2 katastrofis imitacia; saswavlo kursi moicavda

2 simulaciur savarjiSos (erTi masStaburi katastrofis imitacia Catarda

TbilisSi da erTi samagido savarjiSo regionSi). swavleba Catarda TbilisSi,

imereTis da aWaris regionebSi;

momzadda sarekomendacio masalebi, gaidlainebi da protokolebi:

SemuSavda “rekomendaciebi sagangebo situaciebze saavadmyofoTa mzadyofnis,

reagirebis da Sedegebis likvidaciis gegmebis momzadebis sakiTxebze”,

romelic gaegzavna yvela saavadmyofos mTeli qveynis masStabiT. samedicino

dawesebulebebis xelmZRvanelebs CautardaT instruqtaJi saavadmyofos doneze

mzadyofnis gegmebis SemuSavebis Taobaze;

105

saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris

2009 wlis 19 noembris #381/o brZanebiT damtkicda pandemiuri (H1N1) 2009

gripis klinikuri praqtikis erovnuliklinikuri praqtikis erovnuliklinikuri praqtikis erovnuliklinikuri praqtikis erovnuli rekomendaciarekomendaciarekomendaciarekomendacia (gaidlaini) da

pandemiuri (H1N1) 2009 gripis klinikuri mdgomareobis marTvis saxelmwifo klinikuri mdgomareobis marTvis saxelmwifo klinikuri mdgomareobis marTvis saxelmwifo klinikuri mdgomareobis marTvis saxelmwifo

standartistandartistandartistandarti (protokoli);

TTTTemaemaemaema№ 5555

sagangebo situaciebSi mosaxleobis dacvis ZiriTadi principebi da xerxebisagangebo situaciebSi mosaxleobis dacvis ZiriTadi principebi da xerxebisagangebo situaciebSi mosaxleobis dacvis ZiriTadi principebi da xerxebisagangebo situaciebSi mosaxleobis dacvis ZiriTadi principebi da xerxebi

saswavlo mizanisaswavlo mizanisaswavlo mizanisaswavlo mizani: gavecnoT mosaxleobis evakuaciis Taviseburebebs, TavSesafrebis

da radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safrebis daniSnulebas da individualuri dacvis

saSualebebis gamoyenebis wess

saswavlo sakiTxebi:saswavlo sakiTxebi:saswavlo sakiTxebi:saswavlo sakiTxebi: I.mosaxleobis dacva sagangebo situaciebSi

II.samoqalaqo Tavdacvis TavSesafrebi

III.radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safrebi

IV.individualuri dacvis saSualebebi

I. mosaxleobis dacva sagangebo situaciebSi

mosaxleobis dacvis erT-erT mniSvnelovan saSualebas warmoadgens mosaxleobis

evakuacia, romelic xorcieldeba rogorc omianobis, ise mSvidobiani drois

sagangebo viTarebis dros. evakuacia niSnavs mosaxleobis gayvanas usafrTxo

adgilebSi

mosaxleobis evakuacia warmoadgens RonisZiebaTa kompleqss, romlis drosac

uzrunvelyofilia qalaqgare zonaSi mosaxleobis gayvana da moTavseba. muSa-

mosamsaxureTa da maTi ojaxebis wevrTa gancalkeveba da evakuacia xorcieldeba

sawarmoo teritoriuli principis da teritoriuli principis mixedviT

saevakuacio RonisZiebebi exeba mosaxleobas, romelic cxovrobs:

---- kategorirebul qalaqebSi

---- dasaxlebul punqtebSi, romlebSic ganlagebulia gansakuTrebuli

mniSvnelobis obieqtebi da pirveli kategoriis rkinigzis sadgurebi

---- birTvuli iaraRis dartymisagan warmoSobili SesaZlo Zlieri ngrevis

zonaSi

---- hidronagebobebis dangrevis Sedegad warmoSobili katastrofuli datborvis

zonaSi, sadamdisac wylis talRis misvlas sWirdeba 6 saaTi

---- atomuri eleqtrosadgurebis irgvliv 25-30 km. zonaSi

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---- agreTve im dasaxlebuli punqtebis mosaxleoba, romelic cxovrobs SesaZlo

qimiuri mowamvlis zonaSi

ansxvaveben mosaxleobis evakuaciis sam ZiriTad saxes:

- saerTo evakuacia

- nawilobrivi evakuacia

- adgilobrivi, anu sagangebo evakuacia

1 evakuaciis dagegmva

Eevakuaciis dagegmva warmoadgens yvela safexuris samoqalaqo Tavdacvis

organoebis mniSvnelovan amocanas. ZiriTadi dokumenti, romelic gansazRvravs

mosaxleobis evakuaciis RonisZiebebis moculobas, Catarebis vadebs da maTi

Sesrulebis wess, esaa samoqalaqo Tavdacvis gegma. qalaqis masStabiT evakuaciis

Catareba igegmeba qalaqis samoqalaqo Tavdacvis Stabis mier. am gegmidan

amonawerebi daiyvaneba qalaqis raionebis da saxalxo meurneobis obieqtebis

samoqalaqo Tavdacvis Stabebis donemde im moculobiT, romelic sakmarisia

maTTvis

2 evakuaciis organizeba

Eevakuaciis gegmis safiZvelze tardeba Semdegi RonisZiebebi: iqmnebian da mudmiv

msadyofnaSi imyofebian marTvis punqtebi, kavSirgabmulobis da Setyobinebis

saSualebebi, amzadeben yvela saxeobis transports, sasiarulo marSrutebs,

avlenen im Senobebs, romlebic gamosadegia radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safrad

gamoyenebisaTvis, aSeneben wyalmomaragebis wyaroebs da axdenen mis aRWurvas.

saevakuacio RonisZiebebis momzadebisa da CatarebisaTvis samoqalaqo Tavdacvis

Stabebis dasaxmareblad iqmneba:

---- saevakuacio organoebi

---- saevakuacio komisiebi

---- Sesakrebi saevakuacio punqtebi

---- saevakuacio mimRebi komisiebi

3 evakuaciis Catareba

evakuaciis organizebasa da xelmZRvanelobas axorcieleben samoqalaqo Tavdacvis

Stabebi da ufrosebi.

muSebisa da mosamsaxureebis, agreTve maTi ojaxis evakuacia xorcieldeba

sawarmoo principis mixedviT, xolo is adamianebi, romlebic dakavSirebulni

arian dawesebulebebTan da saswavleblebTan evakuacia xdeba teritoriuli

principis mixedviT: qalaqis erTi raionis mosaxleobas Caasaxleben 1-2 sasoflo

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raionis teritoriaze. mzadeba evakuaciisaTvis xorcieldeba winaswar. evakuaciis

SemWidrovebul vadebSi Catarebis dros gaTvaliswinebulia mosaxleobis yvela

jgufebis erTdrouli gayvana, romelic tardeba rogorc erTiani, uwyveti

procesi, xolo evakuaciis gaxangrZlivebul vadebSi mosaxleobis gayvana igegmeba

jgufebis mixedviT. evakuaciis Catarebis Sesaxeb gankargulebis /signalis/

miRebisTanave xdeba mosaxleobis Setyobineba evakuaciis dawyebisa da misi

Catarebis wesis Sesaxeb, iwyeba saevakuacio organoebis gaSla da mzadyofnaSi

moyvana. evakuacias win uswrebs mosaxleobis Setyobineba /telefoni, masmedia,

radio,televizia da sxva./mosaxleobas aucilebelia Tan iqonion sakvebi

produqtebi da sasmeli wyali 2-3 dReze gaTvaliswinebuli, xolo satransporto

saSualebebiT evakuaciis dros nivTebisa da produqtebis saerTo masa unda

Seadgendes daaxloebiT 50 kg. mozrdil adamianze. saboloo punqtSi mosvlis

Semdeg warmoebs mosaxleobis registracia, ganawileba da gansaxleba.

evakuaciisaTvis gamoiyeneba aseve kombinirebuli xerxi, romlis arsi mdgomareobs

imaSi, rom evakuacia xdeba rogorc qveiTad, aseve transportiT.

saevakuacio RonisZiebebis CatarebisaTvis dadgenilia vadebi:

---- 12 saaTi /500 aTasi macxovrebliani qalaqisaTvis/

---- 20 saaTamde /1 milionamde macxovrebliani qalaqisaTvis/

---- Tu qalaqis mosaxleoba aRemateba 1 milions, maSin evakuaciis dros

gansazRvravs samoqalaqo Tavdacvis Stabis ufrosi

evakuirebuli mosaxleobis miReba, gansaxleba, SromiTi mowyoba da

uzrunvelyofa

evakuirebuli mosaxleobis ganlageba qalaqgare zonaSi xdeba

diferencirebulad. mimRebi saevakuacio punqtebis muSa aparati awyobs

Sexvedras mosulebTan, maT registracias da Casaxlebas. qalaqidan

mosaxleobis evakuaciis RonisZiebebis swrafad da organizebulad Catarebis

mizniT jer kidev mSvidobianobis dros igegmeba yovelmxrivi uzrunvelyofa:

satransropto, radiaciis, samedicino, sasursaTe da nivTobrivi momarageba,

marSrutebis sainJinro uzrunvelyofa, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacva da sxva.

evakuirebuli mosaxleobis samedicino uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesakreb

saevakuacio punqtebSi, Casxdomisa da gadmosxdomis sadgurebSi da saSualedo

punqtebSi aZliereben arsebul da xsnian damatebiT samedicino punqtebs, xolo

qveiTi kolonebisa da satransporto eSelonebis TanxlebisaTvis gamoyofen

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samedicino muSakebs /1-2 kaci kolonaze/. amis garda qveiT marSrutebze da

qalaqgare zonaSi iyeneben arsebul ambulatoriebs da poliklinikebs

II. samoqalaqo Tavdacvis TavSesafrebi

mosaxleobis TavSefareba damcav nagebobebSi warmoadgens sagangebo viTarebaSi

damazianebeli faqtorebisagan dacvis ZiriTad da ufro saimedo saSualebas

damcavi nagebobebis daniSnulebaa mosaxleobis dacva masobrivi dazianebis

iaraRis zemoqmedebisagan, romlebic daniSnulebis mixedviT iyofian:

TavSesafrebad, radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safrebad da umartives safrebad

TavSesafari – ewodeba hermetizirebul damcav nagebobebs, romlebic

uzrunvelyofen adamianebis dacvas birTvuli afeTqebis yvela damazianebeli

faqtorisagan, qimiuri, radioaqtiuri da baqteriologiuri agentebisagan, agreTve

birTvuli afeTqebis Sedegad warmoSobili SesaZlo meoradi damazianebeli

faqtorebisagan da mowinaaRmdegis mier gamoyenebuli dazianebis Tanamedrove

Cveulebrivi saSualebebisagan

TavSesafrebis klasifikacia:

---- TavSesafrebi, romlebic gaangariSebulia mosaxleobis Sesafareblad

---- TavSesafrebi, romlebSic ganlagdebian marTvis punqtebi

1,2,3,4 da 5 klasis TavSesafrebi, romlebic uZleben 5, 3, 2, 1 da 0,5 kg. Z/sm2

dartymiTi talRis wnevas

---- tevadobis mixedviT: mcire tevadobis/150 kacamde/,saSualo tevadobis/150-600

kacande/, didi tevadobis/600 kacze meti/

---- ganlagebis mixedviT: CaSenebuli da calke mdgari

---- mSeneblobis vadebis mixedviT: droulad aSenebuli /mSvidobian periodSi/ da

swrafad agebuli /Tavdasxmis safrTxis dros/

---- mfiltrav-saventilacio aRWurvilobis mixedviT: mrewvelobis mier

damzadebuli da saxeldaxelod damzadebuli

TavSesafrebi aSenebuli unda iyos iseT adgilebSi, romlebic ar itboreba,

ZiriTadi saTavsoebis simaRle ara nakleb 2,2 metrisa unda iyos, xolo iatakis

done sul mcire 20 sm. zemoT unda iyos gruntis wylis donesTan SedarebiT.

Tanamedrove TavSesafrebi xasiaTdeba didi tevadobiT, romelic gankuTvnilia

2000-5000 adamianze

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TavSefarebulTa saTavso – yvela TavSesafari gamiznulia adamianTa garkveuli

raodenobisaTvis. didi farTobis saTavso iyofa 60-75 adamianis tevadobis oTaxad.

aq ewyoba or an sam iarusiani taxt-merxebi dasajdomad da dasawolad. erT

adamianze gaTvaliswinebulia oriarusiani taxt-merxebis dros 0,5 kv. metri, xolo

samiarusiani taxt-merxebis dros 0,4 kv. metri. saTavsos Sida moculoba unda iyos

ara nakleb 1,5 kub.metri 1 adamianze

tambur-rabebi – gankuTvnilia damcavi nagebobebis daketvis Semdeg dagvianebiT

mosul TavSefarebulTa misaRebad. Tu TavSesafris tevadoba 300-600 kacia, maSin

awyoben erTkamerian tambur-rabebs, xolo Tu tevadoba 600 kacze metia –

orkamerians. tambur-rabebis farTobi ar aRemateba 8-10 kv.metrs

mfiltrav-saventilacio sakani – sakani unda ekvrodes gare kedlebs da

ganlagebuli iyos Sesasvlelis an avariuli gasasvlelis maxloblad, raTa

moxerxebuli iyos haeris miReba

sanitaruli kvanZebi – igegmeba calke kacebisaTvis da calke qalebisaTvis. erTi

pirsabani yovel 200 kacze, magram erTi pirsabani mainc TiToeul sanitarul

kvanZze

samedicino punqti – Tuki TavSesafari gaTvaliswinebulia 900-ze meti adamianis

mosaTavseblad, maSin iq qmnian samedicino punqts, romlis farTobia 9 kv. metri.

TavSesafarSi yovel 500 adamianze samedicino punqtis garda iqmneba sanitaruli

saguSagoebi, xolo Tuki TavSesafari gaTvaliswinebulia 900 –ze naklebi

adamianisaTvis, maSin iqmneba mxolod sanitaruli saguSago. Tu TavSesafris

tevadoba 1200 adamians aRemateba, maSin yovel damatebiT 100 kacze samedicino

punqtis farTobi izrdeba 1 kv. metriT

sursaTis maragis Sesanaxi saTavso – am saTavsos farTi, Tuki gaTvaliswinebulia

150 kacze, unda iyos ara nakleb 5 kv. metrisa. yovel damatebiT 150 kacze saTavsos

farTi unda gaizardos 3 kv. metriT

ventilacia da gaTboba – ventilaciis sistemas aproeqteben or reJimze. pirveli

reJimi sufTa ventilaciaa, xolo meore reJimi mfiltravi, aseve aproeqteben mesame

reJims sruli izolacia haeris regeneraciiT. gaTbobis mowyobiloba SeerTebulia

Senobis gaTbobis qselTan damoukidebeli ganStoebis saxiT da TavSesafarSi

adamianebis Seyvanis Semdeg xdeba misi gamorTva qselidan

TavSesafrebSi aseve uzrunvelyofen: eleqtromomaragebis, kavSirgabmulobis,

wyalmomaragebis da kanalizaciis sakiTxebs

III. radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safrebi

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radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safari iseTi nagebobaa, romelic icavs adamianebs

birTvuli afeTqebis, radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da baqteriologiuri agentebisagan.

arCeven radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safrebis 3 jgufs:

---- safrebi, romlebic radiaciis dones amcireben 200 –rentgenze metad

---- safrebi, romlebic radiaciis dones amcireben 50-200 –rentgenamde

---- safrebi, romlebic radiaciis dones amcireben 20- dan 50 -rentgenamde

iseve, rogorc TavSesafrebSi, radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safrebSic erT adamianze

unda modiodes ZiriTadi saTavsos iatakis farTobis 0,5 kv.metri, xolo

oriarusiani taxt-merxebis dros 0,4 kv.metri. im SemTxvevaSi, roca radiaciis

sawinaaRmdego safaris simaRle 190 sm-ia, maSin idgmeba taxt-merxebis erTiarusiani

ganlageba. Tu saTavsos simaRle 220-240 sm-ia – oriarusiani taxt-merxebis

ganlageba, xolo Tu simaRle 280-300 sm-ia – samiarusiani taxt-merxebis ganlageba

samedicino saguSagoebi gaTvaliswinebulia angariSiT: saSualo simZimis 100

avadmyofze 1 saguSago

radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safrebSi awyoben ara nakleb or Sesasvlels, romlebic

ganlagebuli unda iyos safris erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego mxares, erTmaneTisagan

30 gradusiani kuTxiT. radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safrebad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT

sardafebi, kibis qveS arsebuli sivrce, bostneulis sacavi da sxva.

dazianebis Tanamedrove saSualebebiT warmoebul omebis dros mosaxleobis

dacvisaTvis yvelaze xelmisawvdomia martivi tipis safrebi, romlebsac

miekuTvneba miwurebi, sangrebi /Ria da daxuruli/, galereebi da sxva. umartivesi

tipis safrebi icaven adamianebs dartymiTi talRis moqmedebisgan, sinaTlis

gamosxivebisa da SemRwevi radiaciisagan. maTi dazianebis albaToba 1,5-2- jer

mcirea, vidre Ria adgilze yofnisas, magram ar icaven radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da

baqteriologiuri agentebisagan.

---- Ria sangar-safari – sangrebi uzrunvelyofen minimalur pirobebs maTSi

adamianebis moTavsebisaTvis da yvelaze ufro met mdgradobas birTvuli

afeTqebisas. Tu safari mjdomare adamianebisTvisaa gaangariSebuli,

varaudoben 0,5-0,6 metrs erT adamianze. Cveulebriv sangar-safars aSeneben 10-

15 kacze, maqsimum 50 kacze. sangars akeTeben zigzaguri an texili formisas

---- gadaxuruli sangar-safari – mniSvnelovnad amaRlebs birTvuli da

masobrivi dazianebis sxva iaraRis damazianebeli faqtorebisagan dacvis

xarisxs. am saxis safris gadasaxurad aucilebelia mtkice saxeldaxelo

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masalis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa 10-15 sm. sisqis morebi da Zelebi, rkina

betonis elementebi da sxva. safarSi wyali rom ar Cavides, saxuravs zemoT

unda gaukeTdes hidroizolacia. aucilebelia periodulad gakeTdes

ventilacia. am mizniT Sesasvlelis sapirispiro mxares awyoben gamwov

milebs, gadaxurul sangarSi unda iyos ganaTebis saSualebebi. 10 kacis

tevadobis sangar-safaris xeliT gaTxraze 3 kacs SeuZlia eseTi tipis

sangrebi amoTxaros 10-12 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, xolo kedlebis gamagrebasac

da gadaxurvasac daaxloebiT amdenive dro sWirdeba. maSasadame, dRe-Ramis

ganmavlobaSi sam-sam kacian or jgufs SeuZlia aaSenos gadaxuruli safari

10 kacisaTvis

---- miwurebi – maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba ara marto safrebad, aramed droebiT

sacxovrebladac. maTi tevadoba gaangariSebuli unda iyos ara umetes 30-40

kacze. Cveulebrivad ageben marTkuTxedis formis miwurs, romlis sigane 1.8

metria, simaRle 2 metri, xolo sigrZe 3 metrze meti

---- galereebi – galereebi ewodeba horizontalur gvirabebs, romlebic

gamoTxrilia xevebis, mTebis, xramebis cicabo ferdobebze, mdinareebis

kldovan napirebze da a.S. ise, rom gaxsnili ar aris zedafenebi. galereebs

Txrian 2-1,5 metris siganiT da 2 metris simaRliT, erTi an ori

SesasvleliT. misi monakveTis tevadoba ar unda aRematebodes 20 kacs, xolo

mTeli tevadoba 60 kacs

IV.individualuri dacvis saSualebebi

individualuri dacvis saSualebebi adamianebs icavs radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da

baqteriologiuri agentebisagan

individualuri dacvis saSualebebi iyofa sasunTqi organoebisa da kanis dacvis

saSualebebad

sasunTqi organoebis dacvis saSualebebia: mfiltravi da maizolirebeli

airwinaRebi, respiratorebi, agreTve mtversawinaaRmdego qsovilis niRbebi da

bamba-dolbandis saxvevebi

kanis dacvis saSualebebia: specialuri damcavi kombinizoni, msubuqi damcavi

kombinizoni, saerTo-sajariso damcavi kompleqti da kanis dacvis saxeldaxelo

saSualebebi

sa-5 airwinaRi: Sedgeba airwinaRis kolofisa da saxis nawilisagan. kompleqtSi

Sedis CanTa da kolofi aradaorTqlebadi firfitebiT. mfiltrav-STanmTqmeli

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kolofis daniSnulebaa gawmindos SesasunTqi haeri radioaqtiuri da

baqteriologiuri agentebisagan. am tipis airwinaRebi mzaddeba xuTi zomisa

/0,1,2,3,4/

sa-5 m airwinaRi: sa-5 airwinaRis msgavsia, gansxvaveba isaa, rom am airwinaRs

damatebiT aqvs salaparako mowyobiloba

sa-7 airwinaRi: Sedgeba mfiltrav-mSTanTqmeli kolofisgan, saxis nawilisagan,

aradaorTqlebadi firebisgan /6 cali/, damTbobi manJetebisagan /2 cali/, damcavi

trikotaJis SaliTisagan da CanTisagan. mzaddeba sami zomis. airwinaRSi

CamontaJebulia salaparako mowyobiloba da wylis sasmelis saSualeba

airwinaRs atareben CanTaSi Cadebuls. airwinaRi SeiZleba iyos sam mdgomareobaSi:

“salaSqro”, “mzadyofnis” da “sabrZolo”.

respiratori: r-2 –warmoadgens radioaqtiuri agentebisagan dacvis saSualebas.

mzaddeba sami zomisa. misi gamoyeneba da tareba SesaZlebelia 12 saaTis

ganmavlobaSi, xolo respiratori- r-2 d ufro mcire zomisaa da misi tareba

SeiZleba 4 saaTis ganmavlobaSi. mzaddeba oTxi zomisa

sunTqvis organoebis dacvis umartivesi saSualebebi

bamba-dolbandis niRabi: icavs adamianis sunTqvis organoebs. mis dasamzadeblad

saWiroa dolbandis 100X50 sm. zomis naWeri, romelzec deben 1-2 sm. sigrZis da 20

sm. siganis bambis fenas, dolbands orive grZeli mxridan bambis fenaze

gadmokecaven, moWrian 30-35 sm. boloebs ise, rom gamovides ori wyvili Sesaxvevi.

Tvalebis dasacavad iyeneben mtversawinaaRmdego dacvis saTvaleebs. bamba-

dolbandis niRabi, rogorc wesi erTjeradi saxmaria. mowamlul niRabs xmarebis

Semdeg anadgureben

mtversawinaaRmdego qsovilis niRabi: Sedgeba ori ZiriTadi nawilisagan,

korpusisa da samagrisagan. korpusze gakeTebulia saWvreti areebi, romlebSic

Caismeba minebi an sxva raime gamWirvale masalis firebi. adamianis TavTan niRbis

mWidrod mikvras uzrunvelyofs zemoTa nakerSi Catanebuli rezinis da samagris

qvemoTa nawirburebze mikerebuli Sesakravebi. niRbebi mzaddeba Svidi zomis. maTi

zomebi damokidebulia adamianis saxis simaRleze

kanis dacvis saSualebebi daniSnulebis mixedviT iyofa: specialur /tabelur/ da

saxeldaxelo saSualebebad

specialur damcav saSualebebs miekuTvneba: saerTo sajariso damcavi kompleqti,

msubuqi damcavi kombinizoni l-1, da kanis damcavi saxeldaxelo saSualebebi

saerTo-sajariso damcavi kompleqti: Sedgeba damcavi labadisagan, damcavi

windebisa da damcavi xelTaTmanebisagan. kompleqti SeiZleba iyos xuTi zomis

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/pirveli, adamianebisaTvis romlis simaRlea 165 sm, meore 165-170sm, mesame 170-175sm,

meoTxe 175-180sm da mexuTe 180 sm-is zeviT/

msubuqi damcavi kombinizoni l-1: mzaddeba sami zomis /pirveli, adamianebisaTvis

romlis simaRlea 165 sm, meore, 165-172 sm da mesame, 172 da meti simaRlis

adamianebisaTvis. kombinizoni Sedgeba erTnairad Sekerili Sarvlis qulajisa da

kapiuSonisagan, romelsac amzadeben garezinebuli qsovilisagan

kanis dacvis saxeldaxelo saSualebebs miekuTvneba yovelgvari tansacmeli da

fexsacmeli, romlebsac xanmokle drois ganmavlobaSi SeuZliaT daicvan

adamianebi radioaqtiuri da baqteriologiuri agentebisagan. rezinnarevi

wamosasxmeli da labada, tyavis palto, uxeSi maudis an drafis palto, qimiuri

agentebisagan kans icaven 10-15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi

kiTxvari: 1. rodis xorcieldeba mosaxleobis evakuacia usafrTxo zonebSi

2. daasaxeleT mosaxleobis evakuaciis sami ZiriTadi saxe

3. ras moicavs mosaxleobis evakuacia

4. rogor xorcieldeba mosaxleobis samedicino uzrunvelyofa evakuaciis pirobebSi

5. ra daniSnuleba aqvT samoqalaqo Tavdacvis TavSesafrebs

6. rogori tipis TavSesafrebia tevadobis mixedviT

7. ra daniSnuleba aqvT tambur-rabebs

8. ras warmoadgens Ria sangar-safari

9. risgan icavs adamianebs individualuri dacvis saSualebebi

10. romeli tipis dacvis saSualebebs miekuTvnebian airwinaRebi da bamba-dolbandis saxvevebi

Tema Tema Tema Tema №6666 safrTxeebis, riskebis da dazianebebis gavrcelebis rukebi,safrTxeebis, riskebis da dazianebebis gavrcelebis rukebi,safrTxeebis, riskebis da dazianebebis gavrcelebis rukebi,safrTxeebis, riskebis da dazianebebis gavrcelebis rukebi,

maTi eleqtronuli versiebi, wakiTxva da gamoyeneba konkretuli samedicino maTi eleqtronuli versiebi, wakiTxva da gamoyeneba konkretuli samedicino maTi eleqtronuli versiebi, wakiTxva da gamoyeneba konkretuli samedicino maTi eleqtronuli versiebi, wakiTxva da gamoyeneba konkretuli samedicino

dawesebulebebisaTvis;dawesebulebebisaTvis;dawesebulebebisaTvis;dawesebulebebisaTvis;

მეწყერიმეწყერიმეწყერიმეწყერი Landslide

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ზვავიზვავიზვავიზვავი Avalanche

ელჭექიელჭექიელჭექიელჭექი Lightning

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გრიგალიგრიგალიგრიგალიგრიგალი Hurricane

სეტყვასეტყვასეტყვასეტყვა Hail

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წაყინვაწაყინვაწაყინვაწაყინვა Frost

მიწისძვრამიწისძვრამიწისძვრამიწისძვრა Earthquake

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გვალვაგვალვაგვალვაგვალვა Drought

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ნისლინისლინისლინისლი Mist

ღვარცოფიღვარცოფიღვარცოფიღვარცოფი Debris flow

ლიპყინულილიპყინულილიპყინულილიპყინული Ice

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TemaTemaTemaTema№ 7777

dazianebuli mosaxleobis samedicinodazianebuli mosaxleobis samedicinodazianebuli mosaxleobis samedicinodazianebuli mosaxleobis samedicino----saevakuacio uzrunvelyofasaevakuacio uzrunvelyofasaevakuacio uzrunvelyofasaevakuacio uzrunvelyofa

evakuaciaevakuaciaevakuaciaevakuacia (laT. evacuatio, evacuare — ganTavisufleba, gandevna) – aris RonisZiebaTa kompleqsi, romelic tardeba imisTvis, rom mosaxleoba organizebulad gayvanil iqnas sicocxlisTvis saSiSi zonidan. farTo cnebiT – evakuacia – aris RonisZiebebis kompleqsi, mimarTuli sagangebo situaciebis pirobebSi dasaxlebuli punqtebidan mosaxleobis organizebulad gamosayvanad. evakuirebuli mosaxleoba ganTavsdeba qalaqgareT winaswar gansazRvrul zonaSi sagangebo gankargulebamde. evakuacia aris procesi adamianTa

damoukidebeli organizebuli moZraobisa Senobidan gareT an sxva usafrTxo zonaSi Senobis ngrevis , xanZris da sxva damazianebeli faqtorebis zemoqmedebis Tavidan asacileblad. brZolisunariani saxelmwifoebis samxedro doqtrinebis Tanaxmad, pirvel adgilze dgas samxedro nawilebis evakuacia, meoreze - samxedro qonebis, dokumentebis da a.S., evakuacia unda ganvasxvavoT gansaxlebisa da ganTesvisagan . ganTesva – aris RonisZiebebis kompleqsi, mimarTuli mniSvnelovan obieqtebze momsaxure personalis qalaqgareT zonaSi organizebuli gayvanisa samuSao drois Semdeg. es is personalia, romelic uzrunvelyofs qalaqis cxovelunarianobas.

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ganTesilebi muSaobis damTavrebis Semdeg mudmivad gamoyavT qalaqgareT zonaSi da mudmivad SeyavT samuSaod qalaqSi. mosaxleobis evakuacia da ganTesva SesaZloa ganxorcieldes Semdegi principebiT: . sawarmoo – e.i. ekonomikis obieqtebis personalis gamoyva-na ojaxis wevrebTan erTad ekonomikis obieqtebis ZalebiTa da saSualebebiT. es principi saSualebas gvaZlevs SevinarCunoT obieqtis koleqtivis mTlianoba. . teritoriuli – e.i. qalaqis administraciis ZalebiTa da saSualebebiT. am dros xdeba mosaxleobis im nawilis evakuacia, romlebic ar arian dakavebuln warmoebaSi da ar arian misi personalis ojaxis wevrebi. ganTesvis dros pirvel rigSi transportiT gamoyavT samoqalaqo Tavdacvis formirebebi, avadmyofebi, Rrma moxucebi, invalidebi, qalebi 10 wlamde bavSvebiT. moqalaqeebis danarCeni kategoriebi, Sualeduri evakuaciis punqtebamde gamoiyvaneba fexiT. qalaqgareT zonaSi evakuaciis da ganTesvis raionebi SeTanxmebulia adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebTan da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis samsaxurTan. sacxovrebeli, administraciuli da sazogadoebrivi Senobebis mTliani fondi evakuaciis raionebSi gadaicema samoqalaqo Tavdacvisa da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis xelmZRvanelobis gankargulebaSi. moqalaqeebis ganTavseba SenobebSi xdeba am organoebis mier gacemuli orderebis safuZvelze. gansaxleba aris radiaciuli avariebis, masobrivi ngrevis, datborvis da a.S. zonebidan xalxis gadasaxleba droebiT an mudmiv sacxovrebel sxva adgilze. evakuaciis organizebulad Casatareblad winaswar tardeba mosamzadebeli mosamzadebeli mosamzadebeli mosamzadebeli RonisZiebebi:RonisZiebebi:RonisZiebebi:RonisZiebebi:

• evakuaciis gegmebis SemuSaveba, romlebic SeTanxmebuli iqneba adgilobriv

xelisuflebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis samsaxurebTan;

gegma Seicavs: - moZraobis marSruts. - dazianebebis zonidan gamoyvanis grafiks, - mcire da didi Sesvenebebis adgilebs, - evakuaciis raionebs, - saevakuacio saSualebebs (transporti) - individualuri dacvis saSualebebiT uzrunvelyofas, - kvebis produqtebiT da wyliT uzrunvelyofas, - Tanamdebobis pirTa CamonaTvals, romlebic pasuxismgebelni arian evakuaciaze da a.S.

� mosaxleobis droebiTi ganTavsebisa da xangrZlivi cxovrebis

infrastruqturisa da transportis momzadeba;

� mosaxleobis momzadeba evakuaciisaTvis specialuri mecadineobebisa da

treningebis

Catarebis gziT; � evakuaciis sqemis momzadeba – adgilmdebareobis gegmaze marSrutebis,

gaCerebis adgilebis, kvebis da samedicino momsaxurebis punqtebis,

individualuri dacvis saSualebebis gacemis adgilebis, Sekrebis da mimRebi

saevakuacio punqtebis da a.S. datana.

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samedsamedsamedsamedicino evakuaciaicino evakuaciaicino evakuaciaicino evakuacia aris RonisZiebaTa sistema, romelic mimarTulia daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis dazianebis adgilidan (konfliqtis zonidan) samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi gadasayvanad, samedicino daxmarebis Seuwyvetlad. samedicino evakuaciis samuSao procesis organizebaSi mniSvnelovania Semdegi principebis gaTvaliswineba: 1. dazianebulTa transportirebis prioritetulobis da rigiTobis dacva, damokidebuli maTi mdgomareobisa da miRebuli dazianebebis simZimeze; 2. mosamzadebeli samedicino RonisZiebebis Catareba, mimarTuli transportirebisas dazianebulTa mniSvnelovani sasicocxlo funqciebis SenarCunebaze; 3. dazianebulTa minimaluri samedicino daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa transportirebisas Tanmxlebi saSualo donis samedicino muSakebis mier; 4. dazianebulTa saevakuacio -satransporto saSualebebis srulfasovani aRWurva samedicino mowyobilobebiTa da saSualebebiT. Tanamedrove samkurnalo-saevakuacio RonisZiebebis sistemis principebia:

1.1.1.1. drouli; drouli; drouli; drouli;

2.2.2.2. memkvidreobiTi (monacvleobiTi);memkvidreobiTi (monacvleobiTi);memkvidreobiTi (monacvleobiTi);memkvidreobiTi (monacvleobiTi);

3.3.3.3. TanmimdevrobiTi TanmimdevrobiTi TanmimdevrobiTi TanmimdevrobiTi

4.4.4.4. uwyvetiuwyvetiuwyvetiuwyveti

drouli samedicino daxmarebis mniSvnelovan moTxovnad iTvleba daxmarebis aRmoCena yvelaze ufro optimalur droSi dazianebulTa janmrTelobis aRsadgenad. mniSvnelovania erTi faqtoris gaTvaliswineba. yvelaze Zlieri travmebis SemTxvevaSi, Tu daSavebulebi gadayavT SemTxveviT pirebs, gzaSi iRupeba 87%, saswrafo daxmarebis brigadebis gadayvanisas iRupeba 55%, xolo roca transportirebas axdens specialuri brigada aRWurvili saTanado saSualebebiT, letaloba aris 16%. daWrilTa da dazianebulTa sikvdilianobis SemcirebisaTvis aucilebelia

reanimacia da stabilizacia dawyebul iqnas katastrofis zonaSi, upiratesad travmidan upiratesad travmidan upiratesad travmidan upiratesad travmidan pirveli saaTis ganmavlobaSi (,,oqrospirveli saaTis ganmavlobaSi (,,oqrospirveli saaTis ganmavlobaSi (,,oqrospirveli saaTis ganmavlobaSi (,,oqros saaTi”).saaTi”).saaTi”).saaTi”). samedicino evakuaciis etapebi samedicino evakuaciis etapebi samedicino evakuaciis etapebi samedicino evakuaciis etapebi samedicino evakuaciis etapis qveS igulisxmeba jandacvis Zalebi da saSualebebi (samedicino punqtebi da samkurnalo dawesebulebebi), romlebic gaSlilia saevakuacio gzebze dazianebulTa misaRebad, saregistraciod, maT

dasaxarisxeblad, daxmarebis aRmosaCenad, samkurnalod da Semdgomi evakuaciisaTvis mosamzadeblad. pirveli etapi pirveli etapi pirveli etapi pirveli etapi ganekuTvneba hospitalamdelihospitalamdelihospitalamdelihospitalamdeli samedicino daxmarebis kategorias da mimarTulia upirveles yovlisa – sicocxlis gadasarCenad da dazianebulTa samkurnalo dawesebulebebSi transportabelurobis uzrunvelsayofad. igi moicavs: -Eeqimamdel samedicino daxmarebas - pirvel saeqimo daxmarebas romelsac uzrunvelyofs :

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U- ubedurebis zonaSi SenarCunebuli samkurnalo dawesebulebebi, G- gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis punqtebi, - samaSvelo samuSaoebis Casatareblad Camosuli samxedro nawilebis samedicino punqtebi. Ddazianebis keraSi pirveli samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCena unda ganxorcieldes upiratesad TviT- da urTierTdaxmarebis gziT, aseve meddebis da eqim-meddebis brigadebis mier. dazianebis keraSi ar aris aucilebeli raimenairi saStato samedicino formirebis gaSla. meore etapi meore etapi meore etapi meore etapi aris dazianebis keris gareT arsebuli funqcionirebadi da damatebiT gaSlili samkurnalo dawesebulebebi, romelTa daniSnulebaa: - srulmasStabiani kvalificiuri da specializebuli samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCena, romlebic gaerTianebuli arian hospitaluri hospitaluri hospitaluri hospitaluri samedicino daxmarebis kategoriaSi, - dazianebulTa mkurnaloba saboloo gamojanmrTelebamde-reabilitacia. marSruts, romelzedac xorcieldeba dazianebis keridan daSavebulTa gamoyvana da transportireba samedicino evakuaciis etapebamde ewodeba samedicino samedicino samedicino samedicino evakuaciis gza, evakuaciis gza, evakuaciis gza, evakuaciis gza, xolo manZils dazianebulis gagzavnis punqtidan daniSnulebis adgilamde ewodeba samedicino evakuaciis RerZisamedicino evakuaciis RerZisamedicino evakuaciis RerZisamedicino evakuaciis RerZi. . . . saevakuacio gzebis erTianobas, romlebzec ganTavsebulia funqcionalurad gaerTianebuli samedicino evakuaciis etapebi,sadac muSaoben sanitaruli da sxva satransporto saSualebebi ewodeba saevasaevasaevasaevakuacio mimarTulebakuacio mimarTulebakuacio mimarTulebakuacio mimarTuleba. . . . msxvili masStabis sagangebo situaciebis dros dazianebulTa samkurnalo-saevakuacio uzrunvelyofis sistemaSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas ramodenime saevakuacio mimarTuleba, rogorc amas adgili hqonda q. aSxabadSi da somxeTSi miwisZvris Sedegebis likvidaciisas. samedicino evakuacia iwyeba katastrofis zonidan dazianebulTa (avadmyofTa) organizebuli gamoyvaniT da mTavrdeba maTi uaxloes samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi miyvaniT, romlebic uzrunvelyofen saboloo mkurnalobas da reabilitacias imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom xSirad dazianebulTa evakuaciisaTvis winaswar specialurad mowyobili transporti ar aris sakmarisi, gviwevs samgzavro da satvirTo satransporto saSualebebis gamoyeneba. amisTvis saWiroa winaswar iyos SemuSavebuli RonisZiebebi, kerZod specialuri mowyobilobebi, dazianebulTa yovelgvari transportiT gadasayvanad. dazianebulTa daniSnul samedicino dawesebulebaSi droulad miyvanisa da samkurnalo-profilaqtikuri dawesebulebebis (samedicino evakuaciis etapebis) Tanabrad datvirTvisa uzrunvelyofis mizniT, saWiroa evakuaciis procesis

mkafio marTvis organizebamarTvis organizebamarTvis organizebamarTvis organizeba. samedicino evakuacia igegmeba da xorcieldeba:

� rogorc saomari da sagangebo mdgomareobis,

� aseve bunebrivi katastrofebisa da ubeduri SemTxvevebis dros.

samedicino evakuaciis organizebsamedicino evakuaciis organizebsamedicino evakuaciis organizebsamedicino evakuaciis organizebaSi Sedis: aSi Sedis: aSi Sedis: aSi Sedis: a) daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis evakuaciis dagegmva; b) damgegmvavi rgolis mier saorganizacio sakiTxebis momzadeba da maTi dayvana qveda rgolis samedicino struqturebamde; g) daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis evakuaciisaTvis samedicino Zalebisa da saSualebebis mozidva da maTi muSaobis monitoringi;

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d) samedicino etapebidan misasvleli gzebis momzadeba (vertmfrenis dasajdomi adgili, aerodromi, navmisadgomi); e) daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis CatvirTva-gadmotvirTvis adgilebis mowyoba (aerodromi, porti, rkinigzis sadguri); v) CatvirTva-gadmotvirTvis adgilebze saevakuacio punqtebis gaSla; z) sanitaruli transportis logistikuri uzrunvelyofa; T) daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis evakuaciisTvis momzadeba da triaJi; i) sanitarul-epidemiologiuri zedamxedveloba da epidemiis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebis Catareba; k) sanitaruli transportis, saevakuacio gzebisa da CatvirTva-gadmotvirTvis adgilebis dacva; l) myari da mobiluri radiokavSiri yvela saevakuacio rgols Soris; m) evakuirebuli daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis aRricxvianoba; n) saevakuacio RonisZiebebis analizi da naklovanebebis drouli aRmofxvra. samedicino saevakuacio sistemas unda gaaCndes: a) samedicino evakuaciis SesaZlebloba 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi nebismier adgilmdebareobasa da operatiul viTarebaSi; b) evakuaciis msvlelobisas daWrilebisa da avadmyofebisTvis samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenis SesaZlebloba; g) evakuaciis regulirebis SesaZlebloba pacientebis tipebisa da saevakuacio mimarTulebis mixedviT. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi yalibdeba samedicino evakuaciis sakoordinacio jgufi, romelic pasuxs agebs samedicino evakuaciis koordinaciasa da marTvaze. igi unda flobdes informacias: a) samedicino dawesebulebebisa da struqturebis arsebuli resursis Sesaxeb; b) samedicino transportis Sesaxeb; g) samedicino maragebis Sesaxeb. dazianebulTa da avadmyofTa CatvirTvis (Camo-tvirTvis) punqtebSi moewyoba misadgomi gzebi da mowyobilobebi, kibeebi da xidebi, platformebi, trapebi, navmisadgomebi. transportSi CatvirTvis procesSi aucilebelia evakuirebulTa siis Sedgena 2 egzemplarad -erTi egzemplari – (evakuaciaze pasuxismgebeli piris xelmoweriT )rCeba CatvirTvis punqtSi, xolo meore – gadaigzavneba dazianebulebTan erTad daniSnulebis punqtamde. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania ganvaxorcieloT saerTi gzis mqone satvirTo da individualuri transportiT evakuaciis drosac.

daWrilebisa da daWrilebisa da daWrilebisa da daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis evakuaciisaTvis avadmyofebis evakuaciisaTvis avadmyofebis evakuaciisaTvis avadmyofebis evakuaciisaTvis momzadeba momzadeba momzadeba momzadeba saevakuacio gegmis ganxorcielebisas erTerTi umTavresi adgili ukavia daWrilebis (avadmyofebis) winasaevakuacio RonisZiebebis Catarebas. yoveli samedicino etapis Sesabamisi samedicino rgolis ZiriTadi amocanaa iseTi samkurnalo-profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebis Catareba, romelic mimarTulia dazianebulTa mdgomareobis stabilizaciisken, raTa maTi transportireba moxdes garTulebis gareSe. daWrilebis (avadmyofebis) mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT yalibdeba T jgufebi. daWrilebis (avadmyofebis) saevakuaciod mosamzadeblad samkurnalo RonisZiebebi tardeba Semdegi mimarTulebebiT: a) zogadi mdgomareobis kontroli; b) sisxlis danakargis koreqcia; g) tkivilis sindromis, fsiqomotoruli aRgznebisa da krunCxvebis moxsna ; d) gulsisxlZarRvisa da sunTqvis sistemebis normalizacia ;

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e) nawlavebisa da Sardis buStis ganTavisufleba; v) artaSanebisa da naxvevebis Semowmeba, naklovanebebis SemTxvevaSi maTi gasworeba.

daWrilebisadaWrilebisadaWrilebisadaWrilebisa da avadmyofebis saeda avadmyofebis saeda avadmyofebis saeda avadmyofebis saevakuacio vakuacio vakuacio vakuacio transportSi transportSi transportSi transportSi ganTavsebaganTavsebaganTavsebaganTavseba dazianebulebis saevakuacio transportSi ganTavsebis dros daculi unda iqnas Semdegi wesebi: - pirvel rigSi unda ganTavsdnen sakaceze mwoliare mZime daWrilebi (avadmyofebi); - transportSi daWrilebis (avadmyofebis) or iarusad ganlagebis SemTxvevaSi, pirvel rigSi montaJdeba zeda iarusis sakace, xolo Semdeg qveda, maTi aucilebeli dafiqsirebiT; - sakaceze mwoliare mZime daWrilebi (avadmyo-febi) unda ganlagdnen TaviT kabinisken; - kombinirebuli ganlagebis dros sakaceebi Tavsdeba transportis wina nawilSi. - mZimed dazianebulebs, romlebic saWiroeben transportirebis ufro damzogav pirobebs, ganaTavseben sakaceebze ara umaRles meore iarusisa; - dazianebulebi satransporto artaSnebiT da TabaSiris naxvevebiT ganTavsdebian salonis zeda iarusze; - sakaceebis Tavis nawili unda iyos mimarTuli kabinisaken da aweuli unda iyos 10-15 sm maRla vidre fexis nawili, raTa transportis gadaadgilebisas Semcirdes dazianebulTa grZivi gadaadgileba. - msubuqad daWrilebi (mjdomareebi) evakotransportSi ganTavsdebian bolo rigSi gadmosakec skamebze, xolo satvirTo manqanebze- xis skamebze (ficrebze), romlebic damagrebulia gverdiT bortebs Soris. SeZlebisdagvarad, sasurvelia transportSi CatvirTva ganxorcieldes dazianebebis xasiaTis da lokalizaciis gaTvaliswinebiT (erTprofiliani), rac mniSvnelovnad gagviadvilebs maT daniSnulebriv evakuacias da Seamcirebs saavadmyofos Soris gadayvana-gadmoyvanas. dazianebulTa transportireba Wrilobis lokalizaciis mixedviT unda Catardes Semdeg mdgomareobebSi:

� zeda kidurebis da saxis msubuqi dazianebebi – mjdomare mdgomareobaSi an

fexiT gadaadgileba Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad;

� ugono mdgomareobaSi myofi dazianebulebi – gverdze mwoliare

mdgomareobaSi;

� gul-mkerdis, muclis da menjis organoebis dazianebis mqone dazianebulebi

– naxevrad mjdomare mdgomareobaSi, muxlebSi moxrili fexebiT;

� xerxemlis dazianebis an motexilonis mqone daWrilebi ugono

mdgomareobaSi – mucelze woliT mdgomareobaSi;

� menjis Zvlebis motexilobebis da muclis Wrilobebis mqone dazianebulebi

– zurgze mwoliare, fexebgadaSlili, muxlebSi moxril mdgomareobaSi,

fexebqveS moTavsebuli muTaqiT;

� gonebaze myofi TavSi, xerxemalSi an qveda kidurebSi daWrilebi – zurgze

mwoliare mdgomareobaSi.

daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis saevakuacio transportiT daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis saevakuacio transportiT daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis saevakuacio transportiT daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis saevakuacio transportiT gadayvagadayvagadayvagadayvanananana

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dazianebulebis saevakuacio transportiT gadayvanis dros daculi unda iqnas Semdegi wesebi: - transportma moZraoba unda daiwyos frTxilad, biZgebis gareSe, miTumetes uswormasworo gzebze, vinaidan mZRolis arasworma moqmedebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios dazianebulis mdgomareobis destabilizacia; - transportma unda imoZraos winaswar gansazRvruli siCqariTa da marSrutiT, daWrilebis (avadmyofebis) mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT; - did manZilze moZraobisas, yovel or saaTSi erTxel mainc, unda gakeTdes Sesveneba daWrilebis (avadmyofebis) mdgomareobis Sefasebisa da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi cxeli ulufis misaRebad; - pirveli Sesveneba, daWrilebis (avadmyofebis) ganlagebis Semowmebis mizniT, keTdeba moZraobis dawyebidan 30 wuTis Semdeg. bunebrivia, rom dazianebulTa yovelgvari transportireba aris iZulebiTi zoma. sruliad naTelia misi arakeTilsasurveli zemoqmedeba paTologiuri procesis mimdinareobaze da Sesabamisad dazianebulis mdgomareobaze. yovelgvarma transportma unda uzrunvelyos dazianebulTa evakuacia dazianebis keridan samkurnalo dawesebulebebSi minimalur vadebSi da minimalurad damzogav reJimSi, romelzedac bevrad aris damokidebuli yoveli konkretuli dazianebulis daxmarebis saboloo Sedegi. saevakuacio saSualebebi saevakuacio saSualebebi saevakuacio saSualebebi saevakuacio saSualebebi samedicino evakuaciis saSualebad gamoiyeneba: a) saxmeleTo sanitaruli transporti, rogorc borbliani aseve muxluxa; b) sanitaruli aviacia (vertmfreni, TviTmfrinavi); g) sazRvao transporti (gemebi, katarRebi da sxv.). saevakuacio saSualebebi aRWurvili unda iyos kavSirgabmulobis sistemebiT. geografiuli da klimaturi pirobebidan gamomdinare, reliefisa da landSaftis gaTvaliswinebiT, evakuaciisTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas nebismieri moZravi saSualebebi, maT Soris sapalne cxovelebi (cxeni, viri da sxva). dazianebulTa did manZilze evakuaciisaTvis upiratesoba eniWeba saaviacio transports (Sveulmfrenebi, TviTmfrinavebi), romlebic uzrunvelyofen samkurnalo dawesebulebebSi dazianebulTa yvelaze damzogav da swraf miyvanas. sahaero saSualebebidan dazianebulTa evakuaciisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos samoqalaqo da samxedro-satransporto aviaciis sxvadasxva tipis Sveulmfrenebi da TviTmfrinavebi, romlebic aRiWurveba specialuri mowyobilobebiT, kerZod salonebSi montaJdeba sakaceebi, sanitarul-sameurneo da samedicicino danadgarebi. katastrofebis dros masobrivi sanitaruli danakargis pirobebSi dazianebulTa transportirebisa da dazianebis kerebSi samedicino formirebebis d samedicino aRWurvilobis droulad Sesayvanad Seufasebelia mZime TviTmfrinavebis da vertmfrenebis – (herkulesebis, irokezebis da Sinukebis) gamoyeneba. sahaero transportis upiratesobaa dazaralebulTa swrafi da usafrTxo evakuacia, rac xels uwyobs

� sikvdilianobis Semcirebas

� Sromisunarianobis swraf aRdgenas

� Semcirebulia evakuaciis etapebis raodenoba

� Znelad misadgomi da mTiani adgilebidan SesaZlebelia dazaralebulTa

usafrTxo gamoyvana

126

magram sahaero evakuaciis dros gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes frenis dros adamianis organizmze moqmedi uaryofiTi faqtorebi, kerZod:

� dabali saerTo barometruli wneva da misi cvalebadoba;

� atmosferul haerSi Jangbadis dabali parcialuri wneva;

� sahaero transportis arahermetiul kabinebSi temperaturis cvalebadoba;

� statokinetikuri da orTokinetikuri gamaRizianeblebi (aCqareba, xmauri,

vibracia da sxva).

� wnevisa da Jangbadis cvalebadoba iwvevs im daWrilebisa da avadmyofebis

mdgomareobis gauaresebas, visac aqvs gul-sisxlZarRvTa da sasunTqi

sistemebis darRvevebi. Aaseve iwvevs organizmSi dekompresiul darRvevebs,

Tu RruebSi arsebul airs ar aqvs Tavisufali gasasvleli (daxuruli

pnevmoToraqsi, pnevmocefalia, meteorizmi, gavrcelebuli kanqveSa da

kunTebSua emfizema).

� sahaero transportiT evakuaciis dros SeiZleba ganviTardes sahaero

daavadeba (airsick-ness-airsiqnisi), romelsac axasiaTebs sensoruli,

moZraobiTi da vegetatiuri darRvevebis simptomokompleqsi.

vertmfrenebis upiratesobvertmfrenebis upiratesobvertmfrenebis upiratesobvertmfrenebis upiratesoba SemdegSi mdgomareobs:a SemdegSi mdgomareobs:a SemdegSi mdgomareobs:a SemdegSi mdgomareobs: � maTi saSualebiT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes, horizontaluri, vertikaluri,

gverdiTi da brunviTi frena

� aqvT kargi manevrirebis unari da saWiroeben mcire dasafren adgils

samxedro vertmfrenebis tipebia � OH_ sadazvervo

� UH _ utilitaruli

� CH _ satvirTo-satransporto

� sahaero evakuaciisaTvis gamoiyeneba UH da CH tipis

vertmfrenis ekipaJi: � p-1 pirveli klasis piloti

� p-2 meore klasis piloti

� eqimi

� eqTani (paramedikosi)

pacientis ayvana bortze kontroldeba 1 klasis pilotis mier, ganlageba xdeba pacientebis mdgomareobis mixedviT mokle manZilze evakuaciisaTvis upiratesia saxmeleTo (saavtomobilo, muxluxa) transporti. avtomobilis gadaadgilebis siCqare ganisazRvreba –

- gzis safaris,

- gzebze mxedvelobis.

127

- wlis drois,

- dRe-Ramis da a.S. mdgomareobiT.

garkveuli upiratesoba saavtomobilo da sarkinigzo transportTan SedarebiT gaaCnia sazRvao da samdinaro transports (Cqarosnuli katarRebi, TevzsaWeri da satvirTo gemebi, bornebi da sazRvao lainerebi). am xomaldebis Sesabamisad mowyoba moiTxovs minimalur dros da danaxarjebs. transportSi dazianebulTa CatvirTvis adgili SeirCeva dazianebis kerasTan rac SeiZleba axlos dasenianebis da xanZrebis zonis farglebs gareT. gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis brigadebis (eqim-meddebis, meddebis) da sxva formirebebis Semosvlamde maT mosavlelad gamoiyofa saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis da samaSvelo razmebis samedicino personali. dazianebulTa didi moculobis transportiT (sahaero, sarkinigzo, wylis transportiT) masobrivi evakuaciis dros CatvirTvis da gadmotvirTvis adgilebSi moewyoba e. w. datvirTvis moedani , sadac katastrofis medicinis an adgilobrivi samkurnalo-profilaqtikuri dawesebulebebis xarjze gaiSleba saevakuacio -mimRebi punqtebi, romlis mTavar amocanas warmoadgens: - dazianebulTa miReba, - daxarisxeba, - pirveli samedicino daxmareba - maTTvis saevakuaciod mosamzadebeli RonisZiebebis Catareba, - satransporto saSualebebSi CatvirTva –CamotvirTva - Sesabamis samkurnalo dawesebulebebSi evakuacia.

fsiqikuri aRgznebis mdgomareobaSi myof dazianebulTa (avadmyofTa) evakuaciis dros miiReba zomebi, romlebic gamoricxavs maTi vardnis SesaZleblobas (sakaceebze qamrebiT fiqsireba, sedatiuri samkurnalwamlo saSualebebis gamoyeneba, maTze zedamxedveloba axlomjdomi dazianebulebis da Tanmxlebi pirebis mier. saorgansaorgansaorgansaorganizacio izacio izacio izacio sakiTxebidan yuradReba eqceva aseve: a) daWrilebis (avadmyofebis) Sesabamisi dokumentaciis Sevsebasa (avadmyofobis istoria, saevakuacio baraTi da sxva) da pasuxismgebel pirze gacemas; b) daWrilebis (avadmyofebis) piradi nivTebis gacemas; g) daWrilebis (avadmyofebis) kvebiTa da sanivTe qonebiT uzrunvelyofas.

mTian regionebSimTian regionebSimTian regionebSimTian regionebSi saevakuacio RonisZiebebis dagegmvisas gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi sirTuleebi: a) klimaturi pirobebis cvalebadobas (wvima, qari, nisli, Tovli); b) mTiani reliefis gadalaxvis siZneleebs; g) saevakuacio transportis moZraobis dabal siCqares; d) zvavsaSiSroebas; e) did simaRleebze Jangbadis ukmarisobas; v) mZRolebisa da mfrinavebis momzadebis dones; z) saevakuacio transportSi damontaJebuli samedicino mowyobilobis dgomareombas; T) dasaxlebuli punqtebis arsebobas; i) sapalne cxovelebis arsebobas; k) mZime pirobebSi transportirebisas daWrilebSi (avadmyofebSi) SesaZlo letalobis SemTxvevebs; l) saevakuacio drois gazrdas; m) mdinareebze gadasasvleli xidebis arsebobas; n) samTo xelsawyoebis gamoyenebas; o) samedicino qvedanayofebis Sesabamisi resursebiT gaZlierebas.

128

masobrivi dazianebulTa evakuaciisTvis saWiro saerTo drois gaTvlis formula da TiTeuli maCvenebelis ganmarteba:

T = N × t/U × n T - saerTo dro; t- erTi reisis dro; N - dazianebulebis saerTo raodenoba; n – dazianebulebis raodenoba erT CatvirTvaze;

U - saWiro saevakuacio saSualebebis raodenoba;

TTTTemaemaemaema№ 8888

qimiuriimiuriimiuriimiuri/radiaciuli incidentebi/radiaciuli incidentebi/radiaciuli incidentebi/radiaciuli incidentebi

qimiuri iaraRi. qimiuri agentebi. qimiuri agenqimiuri iaraRi. qimiuri agentebi. qimiuri agenqimiuri iaraRi. qimiuri agentebi. qimiuri agenqimiuri iaraRi. qimiuri agentebi. qimiuri agentebi toqsikologiuri da tebi toqsikologiuri da tebi toqsikologiuri da tebi toqsikologiuri da taqtikuri klasitaqtikuri klasitaqtikuri klasitaqtikuri klasiffffikaciaikaciaikaciaikacia

miuxedavad mravali xelmowerili saerTaSoriso konvenciisa Tu

xelSekrulebisa qimiuri iaraRis gamoyenebas adgili hqonda - vietnamSi 1969w, halabjaSi 1988w, tokios metroSi 1995w da a.S).

qimiuri iaraRi gankuTvnilia cocxali Zalis gasanadgureblad, iwvevs swraf sikvdils, warmoadgens masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRs. qimiur iaraRs uwodeben qimiur agentebs (momwamlav nivTierebebs) da maTi gamoyenebis saSualebebs.

129

qimiur agentebs uwodeben toqsiur qimiur naerTebs, romlebic gankuTvnilia

mowinaaRmdegis cocxali Zalis gasanadgureblad sabrZolo moqmedebebis dros. TiTeul sabrZolo qimiur agents gaaCnia Tavisi Sifri.

qimiuri iaraRis gamoyeneba, warmoeba da Senaxva akrZalulia haagis konvenciiT (1899w), Jenevis xelSekrulebiT (1925w) da Jenevis konvenciiT (1993w). 1993 wels konvencias xeli saqarTvelom moawera.

organizmze moqmedebis mixedviT isini iyofian nervuli - tabuni, zarini, zomani, ciklozarini, noviCoki ; kan-rezorbciul - gogirdovani ipriti, azotovani ipriti, luiziti ; sisxlis - qlorciani , cianwyalbadmJava ; mxuTav - fosgeni , difosgeni , qlorpikrini ; fsiqoqimiur - bi-zeti ; cremlden da gamaRizianebel si-esi si-ari agentebad. moqmedebis siswrafis mixedviT qimiuri agentebi iyofian – sasikvdilo, mwyobridan droebiT gamomyvanad da mcire droiT mwyobridan gamomyvan agentebad. gamoyenebis dros qimiuri agentebi imyofebian aerozolur, airwveTovan mdgomareobaSi (kvamli, nisli). qimiuri agentebis gamoyenebisas warmoqmnili Rrubelis gavrcelebis siRrme tyian adgilebSi 1.5-3 jer mcirea, vidre Ria adgilebSi. ganasxvaveben mdgrad da aramdgrad qimiur agentebs. mdgradia romelTa duRilis temperatura aRemateba 150 graduss da teritoriaze inarCuneben toqsiurobas 1 saaTze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi (kvireebi, Tveebi). agentebi 150 gradusze naklebi duRilis temperaturiT ganekuTvnebian aramdgrad qimiur agentebs da inarCuneben toqsiurobas teritoriaze 1 saaTamde.

taqtikuri klasifikaciiT qimiuri agentebi iyofian mdgrad (mag: zarini, zomani, luiziti) da aramdgrad (mag: qlorciani, fosgeni, difosgeni), swrafad moqmed (mag: cianwyalbadmJava) da nela moqmed (ipriti) agentebad. mdgradi agentebi gankuTvnilia xangrZlivi droiT teritoriis dasabinZureblad. am dros dabinZurebul teritoriaze gaZnelebulia gadaadgilebis da manevrirebis SesaZleblobebi da aucilebelia individualuri Tavdacvis saSualebebis gamoyeneba. swrafad moqmedi qimiuri agentebis gamoyenebisas sanitarul danakargebs adgili aqvs qimiuri agentebis gamoyenebidan 1 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, nela moqmedi qimiuri agentebis gamoyenebisas sanitaruli danakargebi warmoiqmneba agentebis gamoyenebidan 1 saaTis Semdeg (Tu mowinaaRmdege ar gavida dabinZurebuli teritoriidan an ar gamoiyena Tavdacvis saSualebebi).

qimiuri agentebi organizmSi aRweven yvela arsebuli gziT: inhalaciuri, kanis da saWmlis momnelebeli gziT. qimiuri iaraRis gamoyenebisas did sirTules warmoadgens sanitaruli danakargebis gansazRvra, radganac gasaTvaliswinebelia uamravi faqtori, qimiuri agentebis saxeoba (mdgradia, aramdgradia, swrafad moqmedia Tu sxva), toqsiurobas (letaluri doza iqna gamoyenebuli, droebiT mwyobridan gamomyvani doza iqna gamoyenebuli Tu sxva), garemo faqtorebi (wvima, Tovli, qari, maRali temperatura da a.S).

130

nervuli agentebi. fizikonervuli agentebi. fizikonervuli agentebi. fizikonervuli agentebi. fiziko----qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi SeRwevis SeRwevis SeRwevis SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis etapebzegzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis etapebzegzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis etapebzegzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis etapebze

tabuni warmoadgens ufero, usuno qimiur agents. duRilis temperatura 151

gradusi. zarini - ufero, usuno. duRilis temperatura 158 gradusi. zomani - ufero, usuno. duRilis temperatura 200 gradusi. yvela V-gazi - ufero, usuno. duRilis temperatura 300 gradusi. zemoT ganxiluli qimiuri agentebi mdgradi da swrafad moqmedebia. ixsnebian organul gamxsnelebSi (benzini, benzoli, diqloreTani da a.S)

klinikur suraTSi ganasxvaveben: msubuq anu miozur formas - miozi ,

akomodaciis darRveva, Zlieri salivacia, xvela, gaZnelebuli sunTqva, SeiZleba daematos miofibrilacia, sisuste. saSualo anu bronqospazmuli forma – miofibrilacia vrceldeba mTel organizmze, bradikardia, bronqospazmi;

mZime anu krunCxviTi forma – bronqospazmi, cianozi, art. wneva daqveiTebuli,

sasunTqi gzebis daxSoba, tonuri da klonuri krunCxvebi, romelic mTavrdeba nervul-kunTovani dambliT;

elviseburi forma - 5-10 wuTi mimdinareobs faruli stadia, aranair klinikur niSnebs gamovlineba ara aqvs, dazianebuli iRupeba. am formis mkurnaloba ar arsebobs.

131

saSualo sasikvdilo doza inhalaciuri gziT zemoqmedebisas Seadgens 0.01 mg/l, saSualo sasikvdilo doza kanis gziT Seadgens 0.1 mg/kg.

nervuli qimiuri agentebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi swrafad unda moxdes airwinaRis Camocma, individualuri damcavi kombinizonis Cacma kerZod: qimiuri Setevisas an mosalodneli qimiuri Setevisas Tqven unda SewyvitoT sunTqva da saswrafod gaikeToT airwinaRi.

ar daelodoT brZanebas an gangaSis gamocxadebas qvemoT moyvanili garemoebis SemTxvevaSi:

kankankankan----rezorbciuli agentebi. fizikorezorbciuli agentebi. fizikorezorbciuli agentebi. fizikorezorbciuli agentebi. fiziko----qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba.

organizmSi SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba organizmSi SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba organizmSi SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba organizmSi SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba

evakuaciis etapebzeevakuaciis etapebzeevakuaciis etapebzeevakuaciis etapebze

gogirdovani ipriti warmoadgens muqi ruxi feris zeTisebur siTxes mdogvis

an nioris damaxasiaTebeli suniT, duRilis temperatura 217 gradusi; azotovani

ipriti - ufero, usuno siTxea, duRilis temperatura 233 gradusi; luiziti –

moyviTalo feris siTxe nemsiwveras suniT, duRilis temperatura 193 gradusi;

yvela ganxiluli qimiuri agenti mdgradi da nela momqmedia. ixsnebian organul

gamxsnelebSi cudad wyalSi.

klinikur suraTSi ganasxvaveben: farul, eriTematozul, vezikulur,

bulozur, wylulovan da nekrozul stadiebs.

132

faruli stadia mimdinareobs 2-4 sT, eriTematozuli stadiisaTvis

damaxasiaTebelia SeSupeba, SewiTleba, mtkivneuloba

vezikuluri stadiisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mravlobiTi wvrilbuStukovani

gamonayari (Zewkvis formis)

bulozuri stadiisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia didi zomis bulebis warmoqmna

ZiriTadad sxeulis daucvel adgilebSi (kisris da xelis mtevnis midamoSi.

wylulovani stadiisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ujredebis xrwna, nekrozuli

stadiisaTvis ujredebis kvdoma

klinikur suraTSi ganasxvaveben Tvalis mxriv dazianebebs: koniunqtiviti,

keratokoniunqtiviti, baduris nekrozi

rezorbciul moqmedebaSi arCeven: kolaftoidur formas - mimdinareobs art.

wnevis daqveiTebiT, leikopenur formas, roca leikocitebi mcirdeba 500-mde da

naklebi, iprituli kaxeqsia, romelic rTuldeba meoradi infeqciiT da

mTavrdeba letalobiT.

ipritebs antidoti ar gaaCniaT. luizitis antidots warmoadgens 5% 5 ml

uniTioli. yuradReba unda mieqces im faqts rom kan-rezorbciuli qimiuri

agentebi advilad gadian kanis bariers da iwveven Zlier dazianebebs.

saSiSroebis SemTxvevaSi upirvelesad unda Camoicvas airwinaRi, Caicvas

damcavi kombinizoni da yuradReba miaqcios kombinizonis mdgomareobas.

Tvalebze ipritebis moxvedrisas saWiroa Tvalebis Camorecxva 2% sodiani

xsnariT, luizitis dros uniTioliT 5 % 5 ml. Semdgom etapze kanis

dazianebisas farTo speqtris antibiotikebi da dezintoqsikaciuri Terapia,

yovelive Cvenebebis mixedviT.

133

sisxlis agentebi. fizikosisxlis agentebi. fizikosisxlis agentebi. fizikosisxlis agentebi. fiziko----qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi SeRwevis qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi SeRwevis qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi SeRwevis qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi SeRwevis

gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis etapebzegzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis etapebzegzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis etapebzegzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis etapebze

cianwyalbadmJava warmoadgens ufero gamWvirvale siTxes, mware nuSis suniT,

duRilis temperatura 29 gradusi; qlorciani warmoadgens ufero, usuno siTxes

duRilis temperatura 13 gradusi; ixsnebian tuteebSi aratoqsiuri naerTebis

warmoqmniT, Sedian reaqciaSi glukozasTan da gogirdTan aratoqsiuri

rodanidebis warmoqmniT. sisxlis agentebi warmoadgenen aramdgrad da swrafad

moqmed qimiur agentebs.

klinikur suraTSi ganasxvaveben elvisebur da nela mimdinare formebs:

elviseburi forma viTardeba maSin, rodesac organizmSi mcire droSi

SeiWreba Sxamis didi raodenoba, dazianebuli kargavs gonebas, viTardeba

tonur-klonuri krunCxvebi, ramodenime wuTSi sunTqva Cerdeba, Semdeg guli

Cerdeba da mTavrdeba letalobiT.

nela mimdinare formaSi ganasxvaveben:

dawyebiT stadias - pirSi liTonis gemo, gulisreva, Tavbrusxveva, Zilianoba,

tkivilebi gulis areSi

qoSinis stadia - qoSini, taqikardia, icvleba bradikardiiT, progresirebadi

bradikardia, kani da lorwovani vardisferi.

krunCxviTi stadia – tonur-klonuri krunCxvebi gadadis tonurSi, tonuri

gadadis trizmSi, trizmi opistotonusSi. am stadiaze aRiniSneba uneblie

Sardva, defekacia.

paralizuri stadia – adgili aqvs nervuli sistemis da sicocxlisaTvis

aucilebeli centrebis dazinebas, sunTqva zerele, pulsi Zafiseburi.

dazianebulebi iRipebian sunTqvis da gul-sisxlZarRvTa centrebis damblis

gamo.

134

airwinaRis Camocmis Semdgom xdeba kombinizonis Camocma. mkurnaloba

mravalferovania: glukoza, amilnitriti, natriumis nitriti, natriumis

Tiosulfati, karg Sedegs iZleva oqsigeno da oqsibaroTerapia.

mxuTavi agentebi. fizikomxuTavi agentebi. fizikomxuTavi agentebi. fizikomxuTavi agentebi. fiziko----qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi

SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis

etapebzeetapebzeetapebzeetapebze

fosgeni warmoadgens ufero, usuno siTxes, dampali vaSlis damaxasiaTebeli

suniT, duRilis temperatura 8 gradusi; difosgeni warmoadgens ufero, usuno

siTxes, duRilis temperatura 128 gradusi; mxuTavi qimiuri agentebi

warmoadgenen armdgrad da nela moqmed agentebs. cudad ixsnebian wyalSi,

kargad organul naerTebSi, Sedian tuteebTan reaqciaSi aratoqsiuri naerTebis

warmoqmniT.

klinikur suraTSi ganasxvaveben: refleqtorul, farul da filtvebis

seSupebis stadiebs.

refleqtoruli stadia - viTardeba agentebTan kontaqtisTanave.

damaxasiaTebelia sisuste moTenTiloba, duJi, Tvalebisa da zemo sasunTqi

gzebis gaRizianeba, cremldena. cemineba

135

faruli stadia – misi xangrZlivoba 24 sT. klinikuri simptomatika

gamoxatuli ar aris. am stadias kidev cru gamojanmrTelebis stadias uwodeben.

filtvebis mwvave SeSupebis stadia – iwyeba e.w. lurji hipoqsiiT. kani

dalorwovani garsi cianozuri, didi raodenobiT qafiani da sisxliani naxveli,

xvela. auskultaciiT wvrilbuStukovani sveli xixini, Jangbadis parcialuri

wneva daqveiTebulia, naxSirorJangis parcialuri wneva momatebuli. mZime

SemTxvevaSi lurji hipoqsia gadadis rux hipoqsiaSi. kani da lorwovani garsi

nacrisferi, arteriuli wneva daqveiTebuli, pulsi Zafiseburi. am dros

naxSirorJangis parcialuri wnevac qveiTdeba (hipoknia)

mxuTavi qimiuri agentebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi swrafad unda moxdes

airwinaRis Camocma, individualuri damcavi kombinizonis Cacma kerZod: qimiuri

Setevisas an mosalodneli qimiuri Setevisas Tqven unda SewyvitoT sunTqva da

saswrafod gaikeToT airwinaRi. ar daelodoT brZanebas an gangaSis

gamocxadebas.

airwinaRis Camocmis Semdgom xdeba kombinizonis Camocma. mxuTav qimiur

agentebs antidoti ar gaaCniaT. mkurnaloba Cvenebebis mixedviT. karg Sedegs

iZleva oqsigenoTerapia, qafCamqrobi saSualebebis gamoyeneba 96%-iani spirti,

10% antifomsilani, kalciumis preparatebi da osmodiuretikebi, steroidebi,

deqsametazoni, sagule saSualebebi digoqsini, strofantini, antibiotikebi

136

cremldeni da gamaRizianebeli agentebi. fizikocremldeni da gamaRizianebeli agentebi. fizikocremldeni da gamaRizianebeli agentebi. fizikocremldeni da gamaRizianebeli agentebi. fiziko----qimiuri Tvisebebi. qimiuri Tvisebebi. qimiuri Tvisebebi. qimiuri Tvisebebi.

toqsiuroba. organizmSi SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino toqsiuroba. organizmSi SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino toqsiuroba. organizmSi SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino toqsiuroba. organizmSi SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino

daxmareba evakuaciis etapebzedaxmareba evakuaciis etapebzedaxmareba evakuaciis etapebzedaxmareba evakuaciis etapebze

si-esi – ufero kristaluri nivTiereba pimpilis suniT, duRilis temperatura

315 gradusi. cudad ixsneba wyalSi, kargad acetonSi da qloroformSi.

inarCunebs mdgradobas 2 kviris ganmavlobaSi

mcire koncentraciiT zemoqmedebisas aRizianebs Tvalebs da zemo sasunTq

gzebs

maRal koncentraciebSi iwvevs kanis Ria adgilebis dazianebas, sunTqvis

centris damblas, gulis gaCerebas da sikvdils. damaxasiaTebeli simptomebia:

orientaciis darRveva, Tvalebis wva da tkivili gilmkerdis midamoSi,

cremldena, Tvalebis xamxami, xveleba, cemineba, cxviridan sisxliani gamonadeni,

piris Rrus da yelis wva

dabinZurebuli kvadratidan gamosvlis da airwinaRis Camocmis Semdeg

simptomebi qreba 15-20 wuTis Semdeg da mTlianad qreba 1-3 saaTis ganmavlobaSi

137

dabinZurebuli teritoriidan gamoyvanisas aucilebelia dazianebulze

qimiuri monitoringis Catareba (cremldeni qimiuri agentebi warmoadgenen

mdgrad qimiur agentebs) da evakuacia Semdgom etapze

fsiqoqimiuri agentebi. fizikofsiqoqimiuri agentebi. fizikofsiqoqimiuri agentebi. fizikofsiqoqimiuri agentebi. fiziko----qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi

SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis

eeeetapebzetapebzetapebzetapebze

fsiqoqimiuri agentebi iwveven droebiT Seqcevad fsiqozs. “qimiuri iaraRis

akrZalvis konvenciaSi” isini miTiTebuli ar aris.

dieTilamidlizerginis mJava – warmoadgens TeTri feris usuno kristalur

fxvnils. organizmze moqmedebs inhalaciuri da peroraluri gziT. duRilis

temperatura 175 gradusi. warmoadgens mdgrad qimiur agents. bi-zeti -

warmoadgens usuno ufero kristalur qimiur agents. organizmze moqmedebs

inhalaciuri da peroraluri gziT. duRilis temperatura 333 gradusi.

warmoadgenen mdgrad qimiur agentebs.

dieTilamidlizerginis mJavis simptomatika iwyeba 15-20 wuTis Semdeg da

maqsimums aRwevs 2-5 saaTis Semdeg. gamoyofen simptomokompleqsebis 3 jgufs:

1.somaturi – saerTo sisuste, Tavbrusxveva, kankali, gulisreva, dabinduli

mxedveloba

2.percefciuli – ferebis da formis aRqmis gaukuRmarTeba, fiqsirebis gaZneleba.

3.fsiqiuri – ganwyobilebis cvalebadoba

damaxasiaTebelia mxedvelobiTi halucinaciebi, sivrcisa da drois SegrZnebis

darRveva.

fsiqozi narCen movlenebs ar tovebs, ZiriTadad mimdinareobs xatovani

iluziebisa da halucinaciebis fonze.

138

bizetisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia faruli periodi 3 saaTamde, Semdgom piris

simSrale, gugebi gafarToebuli (midriazi) mxedvelobis daqveiTeba, pulsi

aCqarebuli, wneva momatebuli. mZime mowamvlis SemTxvevaSi 4-12 saaTis Semdeg

irRveva adeqvaturi reaqcia garSemo faqtorebze, irRveva azrebis Camoyalibebis

unari, viTardeba mxedvelobiTi da smeniTi halucinaciebi, matulobs

agresiuloba.

2-4 dRis Semdeg dgeba sruli gamojanmrTeleba mkurnalobis gareSe. gadatanil

fsiqozze nawilobrivi an sruli amnezia.

birTvuli iaraRi. birTvuli iaraRis damazianebeli faqtorebis birTvuli iaraRi. birTvuli iaraRis damazianebeli faqtorebis birTvuli iaraRi. birTvuli iaraRis damazianebeli faqtorebis birTvuli iaraRi. birTvuli iaraRis damazianebeli faqtorebis

daxasiaTeba. afeTqebebi simaRlis mixedviT. samedicino daxmarebis daxasiaTeba. afeTqebebi simaRlis mixedviT. samedicino daxmarebis daxasiaTeba. afeTqebebi simaRlis mixedviT. samedicino daxmarebis daxasiaTeba. afeTqebebi simaRlis mixedviT. samedicino daxmarebis

aRmoCenis Taviseburebebi evakuaciis etapebzeaRmoCenis Taviseburebebi evakuaciis etapebzeaRmoCenis Taviseburebebi evakuaciis etapebzeaRmoCenis Taviseburebebi evakuaciis etapebze

birTvuli iaraRi warmodgenilia treadiT – birTvuli bombi, TermobirTvuli

da neotronuli bombiT. birTvul iaraRs gaaCnia udidesi damangreveli da

damazianebeli Zala. birTvuli iaraRis gamoyeneba ar aris akrZaluli

saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT, magram arsebobs zesaxelmwifoTa Sorisi

xelSekrulebebi romlebic iTvaliswineben birTvuli arsenalis Semcirebas.

139

birTvuli bombebis afeTqebis Semdgom adgili aqvs damazianebel

faqtorebs: - dartymiTi talRa; sinaTlis gamosxiveba; gamWoli radiacia;

radioaqtiuri dabinZureba; eleqtromagnituri impulsebi.

dartymiTi talRa warmoadgens Zlier SekumSul haeris masas, romelic

vrceldeba udidesi siswrafiT, radialurad, iwvevs Senobebis ngrevas da

adamianTa dazianebas. dartymiTi talRis moqmedebis radiusi damokidebulia

afeTqebis saxeobaze da simZlavreze.

dartymiTi talRis zemoqmedebisas adgili aqvs sasikvdilo travmebs,

sisxlCaqcevebs, sisxldenas yurebidan, cxviridan, kontuziebs, Rru organoebis

gaxeTqvas da sxva.

sinaTlis gamosxiveba warmoadgens gavarvarebul manaTobel sferos .

moqmedebs 10-20 wamis ganmavlobaSi. mis siaxloves yvelaferi lRveba. moqmedebis

radiusi damokidebulia afeTqebis saxoebaze da simZlavreze. sinaTlis

gamosxiveba iwvevs sawvavi nivTierebebis aalebas, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios

masiuri xanZrebi, xolo adamianTa da cxovelTa sxeulis sxvadasxva simZimis

damwvrobebi. garda amisa iwvevs sibrmaves. ganskuTrebiT RamiT, roca guga

gafarToebulia.

140

afeTqebis momentSi, miaxloebiT 15-20 wamis ganmavlobaSi, birTvuli da

TermobirTvuli reaqciebis Sedegad gamoityorcneba gama, alfa, beta da

neitronuli nawilakebi, magram gamWol radiacias ganekuTvneba mxolod gama da

neitronebi. 20kt (kilotona) sahaero afeTqebisas gamWoli radiaciis moqmedebis

radiusi Semdegnairad gamoixateba 800m – 100% sikvdilianoba, doza 10 000r

(rentgeni); 1.2km – 75% sikvdilianoba, doza 1000r; 2km – 1-2 xarisxis sxivuri

daavadeba, doza (50-200r).

aranakleb saxifaTo damazianebel faqtors warmoadgens

adgilmdebareobis radioaqtiuri dabinZureba. am faqtoris Tavisebureba

mdgomareobs imaSi, rom ziandeba Zalian didi teritoriebi, garda amisa misi

moqmedeba grZeldeba xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi (Tveebi, kvireebi, wlebi).

afeTqebis Sedegad sokosebur RrubelSi arsebuli 200-mde radioaqtiuri

izotopi 35 elementisa cinkidan dawyebuli gadoliniT damTavrebuli mtvris

nawilakebTan erTad mimoibneva teritoriaze.

eleqtromagnituri impulsebi warmoadgenen eleqtro da magnituri

velebis nakads. isini warmoiqmneba atmosferoSi Weqa-quxilis msgavsad da

gatardeba antenebSi, eleqtrogadamcem xazebSi mZlavri denis saxiT.

eleqtromagnituri impulsebi iwvevs satelevizio, sareleo, satelefono, radio

da sxva komunikaciebis mwyobridan gamoyvanas.

141

pirvel daxmarebas safrTxis SemTxvevaSi warmoadgens TavSesafrebis

gamoyeneba, TavSesafris ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli

iqnas sabrZolo manqanebi, tankebi da sxva teqnika.

daculi unda iqnas wyali da produqtebi. gamoyenebuli unda iqnas

radioproteqtori kaliumis iodidi – amcirebs farisebri jirkvlis kibos

riskis albaTobas. gankuTvnilia raTa minimumamde dayvanili iqnas organizmSi

radioaqtiuri iodis Calagebis procesi . gansakuTrebiT saxifaToa

radioaqtiuri iodis moxvedra bavSvebSi da 18 wlamde axalgazrdebSi.

pirveladi reaqciis dros dazianebuls unda mieces Rebinebis sawinaaRmdego

saSualeba doprokini

Semdgom Camoecvas airwinaRi, kombinizoni da evakuirebuli iqnas Semdgom

etapze. kombinirebuli dazianebebis SemTxvevaSi upirvelesi daxmareba unda

aRmouCndes im dazianebulebs romlebsac aReniSnebaT damwvroba, sisxldena,

Zvlebis motexiloba.

radiometruli da dozimetruli konroliradiometruli da dozimetruli konroliradiometruli da dozimetruli konroliradiometruli da dozimetruli konroli

radiometruli da dozimetruli kontrolis arsi mdgomareobs gamosxivebisa

da dasxivebis dozis gansazRvraSi da am ukanasknelis Sedareba samamulo da

saerTaSoriso radiaciuli usafrTxoebiT dadgenil normebTan.

142

xazi unda gaesvas im faqts rom, periodulad aucilebelia damcavi

mowyobilobebis kontroli dozimetruli xelsawyoebis saSualebiT, vinaidan

droTa ganmavlobaSi mTlianobis SeumCnevelma darRvevam SeiZleba gamoiwvios

(betonis da baritobetonis gadaRobvaSi bzarebis gaCenam, tyviis furclebis

gaglejvam, Senobebi, romlebic gankuTvnilia radioaqtiur izotopebTan samuSaod

da a.S) mavne zemoqmedeba momuSave personalze.

saTavsoebi sadac inaxeba radioaqtiuri wyaroebi, rantgenis aparatebi da

sxva samedicino xelsawyoebi romlebic gamoiyeneba onkologiaSi aucilebelia

sahaero gaTbobis gaTvaliswineba, agreTve gamwovi ventilaciis mowyoba aranakleb

xuTjeradi

haercvliT. TveSi erTxel aucilebelia saTavsis generaluri wmenda - kedlebis,

fanjrebis, karebis da avejis specialuri damuSaveba.

radioaqtiur nivTierebebTan muSaobis dawyebis win guldasmiT unda

Semowmdes ventilaciis moqmedeba, danadgarisa da individualuri dacvis

saSualebaTa mdgomareoba. danadgaris uwesrigobis SemTxvevaSi, misi eqspluatacia

dauyovnebliv unda Sewydes.

143

radioaqtiur nivTierebaTa transportireba unda xdebodes imgvarad, rom

gamoiricxos maTi daqcevis an dabnevis yovelgvari SesaZlebloba. radioaqtiuri

nivTiereba gadaaqvT specialuri SefuTvebiT. radioaqtiuri nivTierebebis

gadazidva SeiZleba nebismieri saxis transportiT. Qqalaqis farglebSi maTi

transportireba SeiZleba mxolod specialurad aRWurvili manqaniT da dacvis

TanxlebiT. transportirebis yvela SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyofil unda iyos

rogorc gamyolis,

aseve garemomcveli xalxis gamosxivebisagan dacva.

radioaqtiuri narCenebis mocileba im sirTuleebTanaa dakavSirebuli, rom

radioaqtiurobis ganeitraleba fizikuri da qimiuri meTodebiT TiTqmis

SeuZlebelia.

akrZalulia radioaqtiuri naerTebis CaSveba Camdinare wylebSi, guburebSi,

romlebic gankuTvnilia Tevzisa da wyalSi mcurav frinvelTa saSeneblad,

agreTve im nakadulebsa da wyalsacavebSi, saidanac wyali Caedineba guburebSi.

radioaqtiuri narCenebis dasamarxavad gamoyofilia specialuri punqtebi,

romlebic Seicavs myar da Txevad narCenebisaTvis betonis e.w. sarkofagebs,

manqanebisa da konteinerebis gasawmend adgilebs, saqvabeebs, Senobebs

personalisaTvis dozirebul punqtebsa da gasasvlelebs.

sarkofagisaTvis adgilis arCevisas upiratesoba eniWeba im monakveTs, sadac

wyalgaumtari niadagia. teritoria SemoRobili da specialurad daculi unda

iqnes saTanado aRniSvnebiT da uzrunvelyofili dacviT. samarxSi gamoricxuli

unda iyos wylis SeRweva.

radioaqtiur nivTierebebTan da gamosxivebis wyaroebTan dozimetruli

kontrolis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia momsaxure personalis dasxivebis

dozis, aseve garemos radiaciuli fonis mudmivi monitoringi. monitoringis

moculoba damokidebulia radioaqtiur nivTierebebTan muSaobis xasiaTze. Tu

144

samuSao mimdinareobs daxurul wyaroebTan, maSin sakmarisia ZiriTad da damxmare

saTavsoebSi momsaxure personalis miRebuli dasxivebis dozis gazomva. Ria

radioaqtiur nivTierebasTan muSaobisas, magaliTad, cxel laboratoriaSi da

birTvul reaqtorebze, sadac SesaZlebelia radioaqtiuri nivTierebis gaJonva an

radioaqtiuri airebis da airozolebis warmoqmna, radiaciis gareTa nakadis donis

gazomvasTan erTad aucilebelia muSa da mosazRvre saTavsoebSi haeris da muSa

zedapiris radioaqtiuri

nivTierebebiT gaWuWyianebis donis kontroli.

periodulad unda Semowmdes dacvis RonisZiebeTa efeqturoba,

uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes yovelkvireuli (xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ufro

xSiri) kontroli garegani dasxivebis doneze, Txevadi narCenebis

radioaqtiurobis sistemuri kontroli.

radioaqtiur nivTierebebTan muSaobis adgilebSi radiaciuli mdgomareobis

Sefaseba xdeba radiometruli xelsawyoebiT. moqmedebis principi mdgomareobs im

cvlilebaTa efeqtebis registraciaSi, romlebic aRiZvreba nivTierebaSi

gamosxivebis

moqmedebis procesSi.

arsebobs maionizebeli gamosxivebis ionizaciuri, scintilaciuri,

fotografiuli, qimiuri da kalorimetriuli meTodebi.

ionizaciuri meTodi dafuZnebulia gamosxivebiT gamowveuli maionizebeli

efeqtis gazomvaze. nivTierebaSi gamosxivebis gavlis Tanxlebi efeqtis

aRmosaCenad gadamwodad ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba ionizaciuri kamerebi,

airganmuxtavi mricxvelebi, xolo maregistrirebeli sqemebi Seicavs mgrZnobiare

elementebs. Aam xelawyoebiT SesaZlebelia ara marto damuxtuli nawilakebis,

aramed gama-gamosxivebisa da neitronebis registrireba.

145

scintilaciuri meTodi eyrdnoba movlenebs, romlebsac adgili aqvs

deteqtorebad gamoyenebul zogierT kristalSi (naftalini, iodovani natriumi da

sxva). dasxivebis dros Tavisufali eleqtronebi kristalSi iwveven

damaxasiaTebel fluorescencias. nivTierebebs, romlebic maionizebeli

gamosxivebis moqmedebiT gamoasxiveben sinaTles, ewodeba scintilatorebi

(fluorebi, luminoforebi, fosforebi). Ffotoeleqtronuli mamravli saSualebas

iZleva scintilatoridan susti afeTqeba gardaqmnas sakmaod did

eleqtroimpulsad, romelic registrirdeba Cveulebrivi martivi eleqtruli

aparaturiT.

fotografiuli meTodi dafuZnebulia fotografiul firze maionebeli

gamosxivebis moqmedebaze. Ggamosxivebis dozis dadgena xdeba gansazRvruli

(cnobili) da gasazomi dozebiT dasxivebuli firebis gaSavebis xarisxis

SedarebiT.

kalorimetruli meTodi dafuZnebulia STanTqmul nivTierebaSi gamoyofili

siTbos gansazRvraze. es meTodi gamoiyeneba erToblivi da gama–neitronuli

gamosxivebis gansazRvrisaTvis birTvul reaqtorebSi, maCqareblebSi, sadac

STanTqmuli dozis simZlavre Seadgens ramdenime aTeul rads sT_Si.

dasaSvebi dasxivebis normebidasaSvebi dasxivebis normebidasaSvebi dasxivebis normebidasaSvebi dasxivebis normebi....

saqarTvelos kanoniT “janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos

moqalaqeTa ufleba radiaciul usafrToebaze xorcieldeba RonisZiebaTa

kompleqsiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs:

146

a) maionebeli gamosxivebis wyaroebze momuSave fizikuri da iuridiuli

pirebis mier radiaciuli usafrTxoebis dawesebuli moTxovnebis

Sesrulebas;

b) adamianis organizmze maionebeli gamosxivebis zezRvruli dozis

moqmedebisa da garemos radioaqtiuri dabinZurebis aRkveTas

mosaxleobis radiaciuli usafrTxoeba niSnavs dRevandeli da momavali

Taobebis

janmrTelobis dacvas da im saSiSroebebis minimumamde dayvanas, romelic emuqreba

maT sicocxles maionebeli gamosxivebis mavne zemoqmedebiT.

radiaciuli usafrTxoebis ufleba aqvs saqarTvelos teritoriaze mcxovreb

yvela pirs, ganurCevlad moqalaqeobisa.

radiaciuli usafrTxoebis normebi gamoiyeneba adamianis usafrTxoebis

uzrunvelsayofad bunebrivi Tu xelovnuri warmoSobis maionebeli gamosxivebis

zemoqmedebis yvela pirobebSi

a) mosaxleobis dasxiveba maionebeli gamosxivebis bunebrivi wyaroebiT;

b) mosaxleobis dasxiveba teqnogenurad gazrdili radiaciuli foniT;

c) personalis dasxiveba teqnogenuri wyaroebis eqspluataciis SemTxvevaSi;

d) mosaxleobis samedicino dasxiveba;

e) personalisa da mosaxleobis dasxiveba radiaciuli avariis dros;

� efeqturi doza mosaxleobisaTvis Seadgens – 1 mzv/w saSualod nebismieri

5 momdevno wlis ganmavlobaSi, magram ara umetes 5 mzv/w

� ekvivalenturi doza Tvalis brolSi Seadgens – 15 mzv/w

� ekvivalenturi doza kanze Seadgens – 50 mzv/w

� ekvivalenturi doza mtevnebsa da terfebze Seadgens – 50 mzv/w

147

� sasmeli wyliT gamowveuli efeqturi doza bunebrivi da xelovnuri

radionuklidebis xarjze ar unda aRematebodes 0,1 mzv/w. wylis sasmelad

gamoyenebis daSvebis winaswari Sefaseba SeiZleba gaices jamuri alfa

da beta xvedriTi aqtivobis mixedviT, romelic ar unda aRematebodes 0.1

da 1.0 b/kg.

� SenobaSi radoni 222 dasaSvebi xvedriTi aqtivoba anu CarTvis done ar

unda aRematebodes 60 bk/kg

individualuri Tavdacvis saSualebebiindividualuri Tavdacvis saSualebebiindividualuri Tavdacvis saSualebebiindividualuri Tavdacvis saSualebebi

1 msoflio omis da ara marto, sxvadasxva saxelmwifoTa Soris

konfliqtebis, mitingebis darbevis da a.S. kacobriobis mier masobrivi iaraRis

gamoyenebam migviyvana individualuri da koleqtiuri Tavdacvis saSualebebis

Seqmnamde.

Tu SeiZleba ese iTqvas pirvel individualur damcav saSualebas

warmoadgenda bamba-marlis naxvevi, romelic Semdgom gaumjobesda da daemata

saTvaleebi, Semdgom gofrirebuli mili, salaparako mowyobiloba da a.S. Semdgom

gamogonebuli iqna kanis damcavi saSualebebi kombinizoni, xelTaTmanebi, baxilebi

da a.S.

dReisaTvis individualuri Tavdacvis saSualebebi adamins icaven

qimiuri

radioaqtiuri baqteriologiuri mavne zemoqmedebebisagan.

individualuri Tavdacvis saSualebebi iyofa sunTqvis organoTa

(mfiltravi, maiozolirebeli da respiratorebi) da kanis (kombinizonebi, spec.

skafandrebi da a.S. ) damcav saSualebebad.

148

individualuri dacvis saSualebebi iyofa mfiltrav (xorcieldeba

arsebuli qimiuri Tu baqteriologiuri agentebis gafiltrva) da maiozolirebeli

(personali fizikurad izolirebulia)

individualuri dacvis saSualebebi gamoyenebis mxriv iyofa

samoqalaqo,

samxedro da specialur dacvis saSualebebad. gamoyeneba damokidebulia

personalis funqcia-movaleobebze.

airwinaRi Sedgeba saxis nawilisagan (Cafxuti da filtrisagan).

Cafxuts

gaaCnia salaparako mowyobiloba, saTvaleebi, Tasmebi, filtrebi da maTara

sasmeli wylisaTvis.

saTvaleebi damzadebulia naklebad msxvrevadi masalisagan.

bolo Taobis airwinaRebSi filtrebi msubuqia da agentebis

umetesobas

filtravs.

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mataraSi SesaZlebelia wyli Casxma da Sesabamisd airwinaRis

mouxsnelad

wylis daleva.

airwinaRebi gamoSvebulia zomebis mixedviT.

arsebobs arwinaRebi Cvili bavSvebisaTvis da mozrdilTaTvis.

filtrebi markirebulia sxvadasxva SeferilobiT TiTeuli feri

miuTiTebs garkveuli agentis gafiltvris SesaZleblobaze.

koleqtiurkoleqtiurkoleqtiurkoleqtiuri Tavdacvis saSualebebii Tavdacvis saSualebebii Tavdacvis saSualebebii Tavdacvis saSualebebi

koleqtiuri Tavdacvis saSualebebi gankuTvnilia adaminaTa didi

jgufebis dasacavad masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi.

iyofa sam kategoriad

I. TavSesafari – hermetuli Senoba-nageboba, romelic gankuTvnilia

adamianTa dasacavad yvela tipis damazianebeli faqtorisagan.

birTvuli, qimiuri baqteriologiuri.

II. radiaciisawinaaRmdego TavSesafari – icavs adamianebs

radiaciuli dazianebebisagan radioaqtiuri dabinZurebis

zonaSi

III. martivi TavSesafari – romelTa ageba xdeba saxeldaxelod

SerCeuli damxmare saSualebebisagan

TavSesafari unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs – unda

Sedgebodes

sakmaod myari konstruqciisagan; kedlebi unda iyos sakmaod didi sisqis;

150

uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes sruli hermetizacia; unda gaaCndes

damatebiTi

gasasvleli (ZiriTadi gasasvlelis Caxergvis an dazianebis SemTxvevaSi); unda

gaaCndes avtonomiuri wyalmomarageba, sakvebis “e.w. xelseuxebeli maragi”

gaTvlili mosaxleobis raodenobaze da droze, eleqtrodeni, mZlavri

ventilacia, gaTboba kondicireba, medikamentebi, samedicino saSualebebi,

individaluri Tavdacvis saSualebebi, kavSirgabmulobis sistemebi, kanalizacia

da a.S. TavSesafrebis miwisazeda nawilSi magrdeba radiaciuli signalizatorebi

romlebic iZlevian informacias teritoriis dabinZurebis donis Sesaxeb.

Tema #9 pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbanipirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbanipirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbanipirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani

pirveli gadaudebeli daxmareba – uecari daavadebis, Setevis an

tramvis SemTxvevaSi Catarebuli umartivesi saswafo da

gadaudebeli samkurnalo – profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebis

kompleqsi, dazaralebulis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis

gadasarCenad. aRniSnulis ganxorcieleba xdeba adgilze eqimis

mosvlamde an dazaralebulis saavadmyofoSi

transportirebamde.

pirveli daxmarebis mizani:

• dazaralebulis sicocxlis gadarCena;

• dazaralebulis mdgomareobis gauaresebis Tavidan acileba;

• gamojanmrTelebis xelSewyoba;

pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis gawevis dros Tqveni samoqmedo gegma zustad

unda iyos dagegmili. moqmedebis gegma Sedgeba Semdegi safexurebisagan:

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1. SemTxvevis adgilis daTvaliereba da situaciaSi garkveva

� aris Tu ara garemoSi safrTxe TqvenTvis, dazaralebulisaTvis

da TviTmxilvelisaTvis?

� mokle droSi SeagroveT maqsimaluri informacia.

� swrafad SeafaseT: ra saxis daxmareba gWirdebaT da risi

gakeTeba SegiZliaT damoukideblad;

� auxseniT dazaralebulsa da TviTmxilvevls, rom Tqven

SegiZliaT daxmarebis gaweva;

� arian Tu ara TviTmxilvelebi da SeuZliaT Tu ara maT

daxmarebis gaweva?

2. usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa

� garemoeba, romelmac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis mdgomareobis

damZimeba SeiZleba kvlav moqmedebdes da safrTxes

warmoadgendes;

� arasodes CaagdoT Tqveni da dazaralebulis sicocxle

safrTxeSi;

� nu ecdebiT gaakeToT is rac aRemateba Tqvens SesaZleblobebs;

� Tu Tqven ar SegiZliaT dazaralebulis usafrTxoebis

uzrunvelyofa, ecadeT is moaSoroT saSiSroebis wyaros;

3. pirveli daxmarebis gaweva

� mas Semdeg, rac darwmundebiT garemos usafrTxoebaSi, gauwieT

dazaralebuls pirveli daxmareba (ix. pirveli daxmarebis anbani)

4. daxmarebis drouli moxmoba

� droulad mouxmeT daxmarebas;

� saswrafo samedicino samsaxuris gamoZaxebisas, mieciT adamians

romelsac elaparakebiT zusti informacia:

• Tqveni telefonis nomeri;

• ubeduri SemTxvevis adgilmdebareoba;

• ra saxis ubeduri SemTxveva moxda;

• dazaralebulTa raodenoba, asaki, sqesi da

zogadi mdgomareoba;

• nebismieri sxva saxis informacia;

SemTxvevis adgilze dazaralebulisaTvis pirveli daxmarebis gawevisas gamoiyeneba

sicocxlis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi algoriTmi – DRCAB algoriTmi

152

D – Danger – garemos usafrTxoeba - darwmundiT rom Tqvens, dazaralebulis da

TviTmxilvelis sicocxles safrTxe ar emuqreba.

R – Responsiveness – cnobierebis donis Semowmeba - Tu dazaralebuli ar pasuxobs

Tqvens kiTxvas – rogor xar? ar axels Tvals,

ar amoZravebs sxeuls, is ugono mdgomareobaSia.

am SemTxvevaSi imoqmedeT Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: A – Airway – sasunTqi gzebi;

B – Breathing –sunTqva;

C – Circulation– cirkulacia;

A – Airway – sasunTqi gzebi

ugono mdgomareobaSi myofi dazaralebulis sasunTqi gzebis daxSobis uxSiresi

mizezia – ena, romelic gadainacvlebs ukan da axSobs sasunTq gzebs. aRniSnuli ki

Tavis mxriv sunTqvis gaCerebas iwvevs. amitom pirvel rigSi unda gaixsnas ugono

mdgomareobaSi myofis sasunTqi gzebi.

• gaxseniT sasunTqi gzebi Tavis ukn gadawevis, nikapis win da zemoT wamowevis

meTodiT: (ix Tema BLS)

Tu Tqven eWvi gaqvT Tavis an kisris tramvaze Tavis ukan gadaweva ar SeiZleba

(dazianeba Rrmavdeba).

• tramvis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba sasunTqi gzebis gaxsnis meore meTodi: qveda

ybis win da zemoT wamoweva Tavis ukan gadawevis gareSe. (ix Tema BLS)

B – Breathing –sunTqva

miitaneT yuri dazaralebulis cxvirTan da pirTan, 10 wm-is

ganmavlobaSi mousmineT sunTqvas. gamoiyeneT “3v”-s meTodi:

1. vusmen sunTqvas;

2. vgrZnob haeris nakads saxeze;

3. vxedav gulmkerdis moZraobas

Tu sunTqva aar aris saWiroa ori sakontrolo Cabervis gakeTeba. (ix. Tema BLS)

• Tu gulmkerdis kedeli ar moZraobs – SecvaleT dazaralebulis Tavis

mdebareoba, raTa gamoiricxos sasunTqi gzebis eniT daxSoba. CabereT meored,

Tu gulmkerdis kedlis moZraoba kvlav ar aris gamoiZaxeT saswrafo

gadaudebeli daxmareba.

• Tu gulmkerdis kedeli moZraobs, gadadixarT Semdeg safexurze -

cirkulaciis niSnebis Semowmeba.

C - Circulation – cirkulaciis niSnebi

153

SeamowmeT dazaralebuls aReniSneba Tu ara: P, sunTqva, xveleba, moZraoba.

• Tu cirkulaciis niSnebi ar aris SeudeqiT gul-filtvis reanimacias da

gamoiZaxeT sasrafo gadaudebeli daxmareba. (ix. Tema BLS)

• Tu aris cirkulaciis niSnebi – gadaiyvaneT dazaralebuli usafrTxo

mdebareobaSi da gamoiZaxeT sasrafo gadaudebeli daxmareba.

amrigad pirveladi daTvaliereba moicavs:

� garemos usafrTxoebas;

� sunTqvisa da cirkulaciis niSnebis Semowmebas;

� dazaralebulis usafrTxo mdebareobaSi gadayvanas;

mxolod aRniSnulis Semdeg iwyeba e.w. meoradi daTvaliereba – xom ar aris da Tu

aris ra saxis trmavaa?

pirveladi daTvalierebis bolos da meoradi daTvalierebis Semdeg yovel 10 wT-Si

erTxel, SeafaseT cnobiereba AVPU algoriTmis mixedviT.

A – Alert - kontaqtSi Semodis spontanurad da saTanadod;

V – Voice – aris reaqcia xmaze;

P – Pain – aris reaqcia tkivilze;

U – Unresponsive – reaqcia ar aris;

usafrTxo mdebareobausafrTxo mdebareobausafrTxo mdebareobausafrTxo mdebareoba

Tu dazaralebuli aris ugonod, sunTqavs da aqvs

cirkulaciis niSnebi, saswrafod moaTavseT is usafrTxo

mdebareobaSi suraTze gamosaxuli TanmimdevrobiT.

გახსოვდეთგახსოვდეთგახსოვდეთგახსოვდეთ!!!!

• SemTxvevis adgilze nu ayvebiT emociebsa da saerTo

panikas;

• ar CaayenoT Tqveni Tavi, dazaralebuli da

TviTmxilveli safrTxeSi;

• nu iqnebiT mxolod Tqveni Tavis imedad, droulad

muxmeT daxmarebas;

• nu SeecdebiT gaakeToT is rac aRemateba Tqvens

SesaZleblobebs;

• sasrafo samedicino daxmarebis brigdis gamoZaxebisas ilaparakeT mokled da

mSvidad;

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• arasodes dakidoT yurmili pirvelma, radgan SeiZleba visac Tqven elaparakebiT

dagisvaT damatebiTi kiTxvebi;

• dazaralebulisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenisas imoqmedeT DRCAB algoriTmis

mixedviT;

sicocxlis gadarCenis bazisuri algoriTmi sicocxlis gadarCenis bazisuri algoriTmi sicocxlis gadarCenis bazisuri algoriTmi sicocxlis gadarCenis bazisuri algoriTmi ---- BLS

xelovnuri sunTqvaxelovnuri sunTqvaxelovnuri sunTqvaxelovnuri sunTqva

xelovnuri sunTqva tardeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu daSavebuls pulsi esinjeba.

Tu haeris miwodeba ar moxda ramdenime wuTSi, daSavebulis guli gaCerdeba

Jangbadis ukmarisobis gamo.

sasunTqi gzebis gamavlobis aRdgenamde saWiroa davrwmundeT, rom piris

RruSi ar aris ucxo sxeuli. arsebobis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa misi amoReba piris

Rrudan gamoiyeneT saCvenebeli TiTi piris Rrudan ucxo sxeulis mosaSoreblad

sasunTqi gzebis daxSobis yvelaze xSir mizezs ugono mdgomareobaSi myof

dazaralebulSi warmoadgens ena, rodesac daSavebuli ugonodaa, kunTebi

modunebulia, rac iwvevs enis ukan gadasvlasda sasunTqi gzebis obstruqcias.

sasunTqi gzebis gaxsnis ori meTodi arsebobs:

� Tavis ukan gadaweva/qveda ybis win wamoweva

� qveda ybis win wamoweva Tavis ukan gadawevis gareSe

gafrTxileba!

ras unda eridoT Tavis ukan gadawevis, qveda ybis win wamowevis dros:

� nu daawvebiT nikapis qvemoT rbil qsovilebs, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios

� sasunTqi gzebis obstruqcia;

� nu gamoiyenebT cera TiTs nikapis wamosawevad;

� nu daxuravT mTlianad dazaralebulis pirs (piriT cxvirSi Cabervebis

� Catarebis garda);

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� Tu eWvia kisris an Tavis travmaze, sasunTqgi gzebis gaxsnis meore meTodis:

qveda ybis win wamoweva Tavis ukan gadawevis gareSe _ gamoyeneba ufro

marTebulia;

• piriT-pirSi sunTqva: piriT-pirSi sunTqva aris swrafi da efeqturi gza

dazaralebulisaTvis Jangbadis misawodeblad. maSvelis mier amosunTquli haeri

Seicavs daaxloebiT 17% Jangbads da 4% naxSirorJangs. Jangbadis es raodenoba

sakmarisia dazaralebulis moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad

qmedeba:

• SeinarCuneT dazaralebulis sasunTqi gzebis gamavloba Tavis ukan

gadaweviT da qvedaybis wamoweviT;

• daaxSeT nestoebi cera da saCvenebeli TiTebis saSualebiT (gamoiyeneT

Sublze moTavsebuli xeli);

• gaakeTeT Cveulebrivi CasunTqva (araRrma) da moaTavseT Tqveni piri

• dazaralebulis piris garSemo hermetulad;

• gaakeTeT erTi Caberva – 1 wamis manZilze. Cabervis dros daakvirdiT

gulmkerdis eqskursias;

• Tu gulmkerdi ar aiwevs, gaimeoreT sasunTqi gzis gaxsnis meTodi; gaakeTeT

meore Caberva – 1 wamis manzilze. daakvirdiT gulmkerdis eqskursias;

gafrTxileba: kuWis gadabervis riski!

Tu Tqven Cabervebs awarmoebT Zalian swrafad da Zlierad, haeri moxvdeba ufro

metad kuWSi, vidre filtvebSi. aman SiZleba gamoiwvios kuWis gadaberva, rac

Tavis mxriv iwvevs iseT seriozul garTulebebs, rogoricaa: Rebineba, aspiracia

an pnevmonia.

sunTqvis Sefaseba

• sunTqva ar aris an araadekvaturia aris

• vawarmoebT 2 sakontrolo Caberva

• 1 Cabervis xangrZlivoba 1 wm

kuWis gadabervis profilaqtika:

• TiToeuli Caberva gaakeTeT 1 wamis manZilze;

• Cabervisas sakmarisia haeris is moculoba, romliTac miiReba gulmkerdis

eqskursia;

gfr-s dros inficirebis riski Zalian dabalia. miuxedavad amisa mizanSewonilia

gamoyenebul iqnas standartuli usafrTxoebis saSualebebi.

156

Cabervebis dros mowodebulia barieruli aRWurvilobebi: saxis niRabi an ambus

parki; niRabs, rogorc wesi aqvs erTmxrivi sarqveli, romelic uzrunvelyofs

haeris mxolod erTi mimarTulebiT moZraobas.

piriT-niRabSi sunTqvis safexurebi:

1. dazaralebulis gverdiTi mxridan;

2. moaTavseT niRabi dazaralebulis saxeze, swori poziciisaTvis cxviris Zgide

gamoiyeneT orientirad;

3. niRabi moaTavseT hermetulad:

• dazaralebulis Tavisken mqone xelis cera da saCvenebeli TiTebi moaTavseT

niRbis kideebis gaswvriv;

• meore xelis cera TiTi moaTavseT niRbis qveda kidis gaswvriv;

4. dazaralebulis kisris mxares mqone xelis danarCeni TiTebi moaTavseT qveda

ybis Zvlovani nawilis gaswvriv da wamowieT qveda yba. gaxseniT sasunTqi gzebi;

5. qveda ybis wamowevisas mWidrod da mTlianad daaweqiT niRbis kideebs

hermetulobis misaRwevad;

6. gaakeTeT Caberva 1 wamis ganmavlobaSi gulmkerdis eqskursiis miRebamde.

ambus parki da xelovnuri ventilacia mozrdilTa da bavSvTa asakSi

qmedeba:

1. dadeqiT pacientis TavTan;

2. moaTavseT niRabi dazaralebulis saxeze. cxviris zurgi gamoiyeneT

orientirad;

3. gamoiyeneT E-C meTodi imisaTvis, rom daafiqsiroT niRabi saxeze da

erTdroulad SeinarCunoT sasunTqi gzebi gaxsnil mdgomareobaSi;

• gadauwieT dazaralebuls Tavi ukan;

• erTi xelis saCvenebeli da cera TiTiT “C” -s magvarad ganaxorcieleT zewola

niRbis kideebze;

• danarCeni TiTebiT “E”-s magvarad wamowieT qveda yba sasunTqi gzebis gaxsnis

mizniT

4. mouWireT parks xeli imisaTvis, rom ganaxorcieloT Caberva - 1 wamis

ganmavlobaSi. TiToeuli Cabervisas darwundiT, rom RebulobT gulmkerdis

eqskursias . zog SemTxvevaSi pacients aReniSneba araadekvaturi sunTqva an

sunTqvis gaCereba, magram aqvs pulsi. aseT dazaralebulSi maSveli

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axorcielebs Cabervebs gulmkerdze zewolebis gareSe. amas ewodeba damxmare

Cabervebi. damxmare Cabervebis gaidlaini pulsis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi

mozrdilebi bavSvebi

• yovel 5-6 wamSi 1 Caberva (10-12 Caberva wuTSi)

• Cabervis xangrlivoba 1 wami

• yoveli Cabervis Sedegad unda miiRoT gulmkerdis TvalsaCino eqskursia

• yoveli 2 wuTis Semdeg SeamowmeT pulsi

• yovel 3-5 wamSi 1 Caberva (12-20 Caberva wuTSi)

• Cabervis xangrlivoba 1 wami

• yoveli Cabervis Sedegad unda miiRoT gulmkerdis TvalsaCino eqskursia

• yoveli 2 wuTis Semdeg SeamowmeT pulsi

pirveli sakontrolo Caberva SeiZleba ar gatardes sasunTq gzebSi, am

SemTxvevaSi savaraudoa, rom ver moxda sasunTqi gzebis sworad gaxsna, amitom

vakeTebT Tavis repozicias da meore sakontrolo Cabervas; Tu repoziciis Semdeg

Cabervisas sunTqva gatardeba, maSin vakeTebT kidev erT CasunTqvas, raTa saboloo

jamSi gamovides 2 efeqturi; sakontrolo Caberva Tu orive sakontrolo Caberva

(miuxedavad repoziciisa) aRmoCndeba araefeqturi, savaraudoa, rom zeda sasunTqi

gzebi daxSulia ucxo sxeuliT. am SemTxvevaSi mainc gadavdivarT daxmarebis C

punqtze. am SemTxvevaSi standartuli gfr-sagan gansxvavebiT, yoveli Cabervis win

vakeTebT piris Rrus revizias, radganac masSi SeiZleba amovardes sasunTq gzebSi

gadamcdari ucxo sxeuli.

orofaringialuri mili _ gamoiyeneba haergamtari gzebis gamavlobis aRsadgenad

mxolod ugono mdgomareobaSi myof pacientze ! ! !

orofaringialuri milis Cadgmis teqnika:

• daawvineT dazaralebuli zurgze;

• SearCieT milis Sesabamisi zoma(swori zomis SesarCevad gazomeT manZili

yuris wveridan piris kuTxemde);

• piris gaxsna (makratlis meTodi); sasunTqi mili moaTavseT pirSi wveriT

maRla;

• darwmundiT, rom igi moTavsebulia enis wverze; rodesac milis wveri

moxvdeba xorxis ukana kedels moabruneT igi 180 gradusiT, vidre wveri

miemarTeba qvemoT;

• miaweqiT mils manam brtyeli bolo ar Seexeba tuCebs.

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Tu 2 sakontrolo Cabervis Semdeg sunTqva mainc ar SeigrZnoba, maSin vamowmebT C

– Circulation – cirkulacia/sisxlis mimoqcevas.

cirkulacia aris gulsisxlZarRvTa sistemis ZiriTadi; funqcia, romelic

pasuxismgebelia organizmisaTvis; Jangbadis da sakvebi nivTierebebis miwodebaze

da mis cxovelqmedebaze. misi saSualebiT xdeba sxvadasxva nivTierebebis

transporti qsovilebidan maTi uSualo moqmedebis adgilebze, aseve qsovilebidan

axdens cvlis produqtebis mobilizacias, raTa moxdes maTi Semdgomi gamoyofa

filtvebis, RviZlis, kanis da Tirkmelebis saSualebiT.

cirkulaciis mwvave ukmarisoba iwvevs Tavis tvinis JangbadiT momaragebis

darRvevas da xSir SemTxvevaSi letalur gamosavals. Amitom ori sakontrolo

Cabervis Semdeg maSvelma unda moaxdinos centraluri pulsis Semowmeba (5 -10 wm-

is ganmavlobaSi).

Tu pulsi ar aris:

• daiwye zewola mkerdis Zvalze da xelovnuri sunTqva TanafardobiT: 30:2

sixSiriT 100/wT-Si;

pulsis Semowmeba xdeba:

• mozrdilebSi – saZile arteriaze

• CvilebSi – mxris arteriaze;

gul-filtvis reanimaciis (gfr) erT-erT

mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens

zewolebi gulmkerdze, romelic uzrunvelyofs

sisxlis nakadis SenarCunebas gulSi, tvinSi da sxva sasicocxlo organoebSi;

gulmkerdze zewolis sakvanZo sakiTxebi:

• xelebis ganlageba gulmkerdze zewolebis Sesasruleblad;

• gulmkerdze zewolebis Catareba swori sixSiriT;

• gulmkerdze zewolebis Catareba gulmkerdis sawyisi moculobis

srulyofilad aRdgeniT;

• gulmkerdze zewolebis Sesruleba swori siRrmiT.

• pulsis Semowmeba(5-10wm.)

• pulsi diax

• 1 Caberva yovel 5-6 wm-Si-mozrdilebSi da 3wm-Si bavSvebSi;

• gadaamowmeT pulsi yovel 2 wT-Si

kompresiebi/zewolebi praqtikuli Cveva ratom aris es mniSvnelovani?

gulmkerdze zewolebi unda iyos Zlieri da Rrma zedapiruli zewolebi ar

159

uzrunvelyofs adekvaturi sisxlis nakads zewolebis sixSire unda iyos 100

zewola wuTSi zewolebis aRniSnuli sixSire uzrunvelyofs adekvatur sisxlis

nakads da zrdis gadarCenis Sanss. yoveli zewolis Semdeg

gulmkerdma unda aRidginos sawyisi moculoba gulmkerdis sawyisi moculobis

sruli aRdgenisas guli maqsimalurad ivseba sisxliT. es aucilebelia zewolebis

dros efeqturi sisxlis nakadis uzrunvelsayofad. gulmkerdis sawyisi

moculobis arasruli aRdgena gamoiwvevs zewolebiT miRebuli sisxlis nakadis

Semcirebas zewolebs Soris wyveta ar unda iyos xSiri an xangrZlivi rodesac ar

awarmoebT gulmkerdze zewolebs, sisxli ar gadaitumbeba.

gulmkerdze zewolebis Sesrulebis safexurebi:

1. dadeqiT dazaralebulis gaswvriv;

2. darwmundiT, rom dazaralebuli wevs myar da swor zedapirze. (Tu

dazaralebuli wevs mucelze, frTxilad gadmoabruneT – moris trialis

principiT - zurgze);

3. gaaSiSvleT gulmkerdi;

4. moaTavseT erTi xelis guli mkerdis Zvalze

dvrilebis SemaerTebeli xazis zustad Sua

wertilSi;

5. moaTavseT meore xeli pirvelis zemoT. TiTebi

gadaaWdeT;

6. xelebi gamarTeT idayvis saxsarSi. gadmoixareT ise, rom Tqveni mxrebi iyos

dazaralebulze

moTavsebuli Tqveni

xelebis zustad zemoT;

7. awarmoeT swrafi da

Zlieri zewolebi, ise,

rom zewolis Sedegad

gulmkerdma Caiwios

zewola unda moxdes

vertikaluri, 90

gradusiani kuTxiT

gulmkerdTan, mkerdis

Zvlis qveda mesamedze,

ise rom mklavebi ar

moixaros idayvis saxsarSi.

160

zewolebisa da CasunTqvebis Tanafardobisas gasaTvaliswinebelia:

• dazaralebulis asaki;

• maSvelebis raodenoba;

gfr mozrdilebSi –

1 maSveli 30 : 2

2 maSveli 30 : 2

BbavSvebSi

1 maSveli 30 : 2

2 maSveli 15 : 2

Tu ver grZnobT pulss, gaakeTeT zewolebisa da Cabervebis 5 cikli (30:2 )

gfr-s modifikacia bavSvebisaTvis

• haeris moculoba Cabervebis dros – gulmkerdis eqskursia;

SesaZloa gulmkerdis eqskursiis misaRebad saWiro gaxdes 2 Cabervis 2 jer metad

mcdeloba;

• zewolebis siRrme – gulmkerdis siRrmis 1/3 – 1/2;

• Zalian patara bavSvebSi zewolebis gakeTeba SesaZlebelia erTi xeliT;

• Tu bavSvis guliscemis sixSire wuTSi naklebia 60-ze da aRiniSneba darRveuli

perfuziis niSnebi, daiwyeT gfr;

• rodis gamoviZaxoT saswrafo samedicino daxmareba (ssd)? 1 maSvelis SemTxvevaSi,

ugono mdgomareobaSi myof dazaralebul bavSvTan maSvelma unda Caataros gfr-s

5 cikli mis datovebamde da ssd-is gamoZaxebamde. gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tu bavSi

maSvelis Tvalwin uecrad dakargavs gonebas, maSin 1 maSvelis SemTxvevaSi

gamoyenebul unda iqnas mozrdilTa qmedebis Tanmimdevroba.

2. bavSvebisaTvis (12. bavSvebisaTvis (12. bavSvebisaTvis (12. bavSvebisaTvis (1----dadadadan 8 wlamde)n 8 wlamde)n 8 wlamde)n 8 wlamde)

• SeamowmeT pulsi aTi wamis ganmavlobaSi: ori TiTi

daadeT yelis sasunTq gzebsa da did kunTovan nawils

Soris arsebul cariel adgil kisris orive mxares.

• Tu pulss ve ipoviT da mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis

sxva niSnebic ar gvaqvs saxeze, daiwyeT gul-mkerdis

kompresia.

• gul-mkerdis kompresiisa da piriT pirsi CasunTqvis

procedura Semdeg etapebs moicavs:

• Tqveni xeli imave poziciaSi unda moaTavsoT, rogorc

mozrdilebis SemTxvevaSi, magram mxolod xelis nebi

gamoiyeneT.

161

• mkveTrad daaweqiT mkerdis areSi 1/3 siRmiT. sixSire kompresiisa analogiuria

mozrdilebisa (2 Cabervis cikli, 30 kompresia)

3. ToTo bavSvebisTvis 3. ToTo bavSvebisTvis 3. ToTo bavSvebisTvis 3. ToTo bavSvebisTvis

• SeamowmeT bavSvis sisxlis mimoqceva

• SeamowmeT pulsi 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi:

gamoiyeneT ori TiTi. pulsis gasinjva unda

moxdes bavSvis mxris Sida mxares.

• Tu pulsi ar isinjeba, daiwyeT gul-mkerdis

kompresia.

• gul-mkerdis kompresiisa da piriT pirSi

CasunTqvis procedura Semdeg etapebs moicavs:

• moaTavseT ori TiTis wveri erTi TiTis dadebis siganeze mkerdis Zvlis qvemoT.

• mkveTrad daaweqiT am adgilas 1/3 siRrmis mkerdis areSi. gaimeoreT es procedura

xuTjer (wuTSi 100-jer).

• moaxdineT piriT pirSi CasunTqva. roca pirs pirTan miitanT, bavSvis piri da

cxviri mTlianad unda daifaros.

• monacvleobiT gaukeTeT gul-mkerdis 30 kompresiisa da erTi Cabervis cikli 2

wuTis ganmavlobaSi, sunTqvisa da pulsaciis ar aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi procedura

grZeldeba saswrafo daxmarebis gamoZaxebamde da mis mosvlamde.

gfr bavSvebSi – 1 maSveli

safexuri qmedeba

1 darwmundiT, rom garemo usafrTxoa TqvenTvis da dazaralebulisTvis

2. SeamowmeT dazaralebulis cnobiereba. Tu ar gpasuxobT, mouxmeT vinmes

dasaxmareblad, Tu vinme gamogexmauraT, gagzavneT saswrafo samedicino

daxmarebis gamosaZaxeblad

3. gaxseniT dazaralebulis sasunTqi gzebi da SeamowmeT sunTqva (5-10wm)

162

4. Tu sunTqva ar aris – gaakeTeT 2 Caberva (Tqven SeiZleba dagWirdeT bevri

mcdeloba sasunTqi gzebis gasaxsnelad da 2 efeqturi Cabervis gasakeTeblad,

raTa miiRoT gulmkerdis eqskursia)

5. SeamowmeT dazaralebulis pulsi (5-10wm) saZile arteriaze. Tu ar aris pulsi

an guliscemis sixSire <60/wuTSi da aRiniSneba darRveuli perfuziis niSnebi,

gadadiT Semdeg safexurze

6. gaakeTeT zewolebisa da Cabervebis ciklebi (30:2 SefardebiT). sixSiriT 100

zewola wuTSi

7. gfr-s 5 ciklis Semdeg:

Tu xarT marto, gamoiZaxeT saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis brigada;

gfr – 2 maSveli

• 1 maSveli rCeba dazaralebulTan da iwyebs gfr-s meore maSveli

ukavSirdeba ssd-s;

• meore maSvelis dabrunebis Semdeg, maSvelebma rig-rigobiT unda Seasrulon

zewolebi gulmkerdze. Secvla unda moxdes yoveli 5 ciklis Semdeg

(daaxloebiT yovel 2 wT-Si);

gadaudebeli daxmareba sasunTqi gzebis obstruqciis dros:

sasunTqi gzebis obstruqciis drouli aRmoCena aris pacientis mdgomareobidan

warmatebuli gamosavlis mniSvnelovani komponenti.

moxrCobis universaluri niSani yelze mibjenili xelebi

• ucxo sxeuls SeuZlia gamoiwvios sasunTqi gzebis

� msubuqi obstruqcia;

� mZime obstruqcia;

• sasunTqi gzebis msubuqi xarisxis obstruqcia niSnebi G

� haeris moZraoba SenarCunebulia

� gonzea da SeuZlia daaxvelos Zlierad

� xvelis epizodebs Soris SesaZloa aRiniSnebodes xmauriani sunTqva

� manam sanam haeris moZraoba SenarCunebulia, sTxoveT dazaralebuls

� gaagrZelos xvela da sunTqva;

� ar SeuSaloT xeli dazaralebuls Tavad gaiTavisuflos sasunTqi gzebi

ucxo sxeulisagan, magram darCiT masTan da akontroleT mdgomareoba

• Tu msubuqi xarisxiT sasunTqi gzebis obstruqcia gaxangrZlivda

daukavSirdiT saswrafo samedicino samsaxuri (sss).

sasunTqi gzebis mZime xarisxis obstruqcia niSnebi da Ggadaudebeli daxmareba

163

� haeris moZraoba darRveulia an ar aris

� xvela aris susti, araefeqturi an ar aris

� CasunTqva xmauriania an xmianoba saerTod ar aris

� sunTqvis mzardi gaZneleba

� SesaZloa cianozi (molurjo elferis kani)

� ar SeuZli saubari

� kiserze Semoxveuli xelebi – moxrCobis universaluri niSani

� ar SeuZlia haeris Serxeva

� ar SeuZlia tirili

� hkiTxeT dazaralebuls

heimlixis manevri gamoiyeneba sasunTqi gzebis ucxo sxeuliT daxSobis dros;

esaa biZgiseburi moZraobebi mucelze ; igi ar gamoiyeneba CvilebSi;

heimlixis manevri

safexuri qmedeba

1 dadeqiT an CaimuxleT pacietis ukan da SemoaxvieT Tqveni xelebi pacients

welze

2 erTi xeliT SekariT muSti

3 muSti cera TiTis mxridan moaTavseT dazaralebulis mucelze, centrSi, Wipis

odnav zemoT da mkerdis Zvlis qvemoT

4 daafiqsireT muSti meore xeliT da ganaxorcieleT zewola pacientis mucelze

swrafi biZgiseburi moZraobebiT

164

5 gaimeoreT es manevri ucxo sxeulis amovardnamde an sanam dazaralebuli ar

dakargavs gonebas

6 TiToeuli axali biZgi aris calkeuli moZraoba, rac aucilebelia obstruqciis

mosaxsnelad Tu Tqven aRmoaCenT gonze myof dazaralebuls,

romelic wevs zurgze, SesaZloa CaataroT abdominaluri biZgebi sasunTqi

gzebis gasaTavisufleblad Tu dazaralebuli aris orsulad an Warbwoniani,

CaatareT biZgiseburi moZraobebi gulmkerdze daxmareba warmatebulia Tu:

� SeigrZnobT haeris moZraobas

� dainaxavT gulmkerdis moZraobas Cabervebis warmoebisas dainaxavT

� moacilebT sasunTq gzebSi arsebul ucxo sxeuls

xaxidan obstruqciis moxsnis Semdeg:

1. CaatareT ori Caberva;

2. SeafaseT pulsi.

3. eqimTan konsultacia

usafrTxo pozicia ugono mdgomareobaSi myof mozrdil dazaralebulSi

gamoiyeneba, rodesac sunTqva aris adekvaturi da saWiroa sasunTqi gzebis

gamavlobis SenarCuneba. (ix. Tema. pirveli daxmarebis anbani)

Tema #10Tema #10Tema #10Tema #10

tramvatramvatramvatramva/Wriloba/sisxldena/Wriloba/sisxldena/Wriloba/sisxldena/Wriloba/sisxldena prehospitalur etapzeprehospitalur etapzeprehospitalur etapzeprehospitalur etapze

tramvatramvatramvatramva

qala-tvinis travma

qala-tvinis travma SeiZleba iyos sagzao SemTxvevis, davardnis, samrewvelo,

sportuli da sayofacxovrebo dazianebebis Sedegi. aris Ria da daxuruli qala-

tvinis travma. gamoyofen qala-tvinis travmis 3 xarisxs, simZimis mixedviT:

1) msubuqis dros _ cnobierebis dakargva grZeldeba ramdenime wuTi, amneziis

xangrZlivoba aRwevs 1 sT-mde.

2) saSualos dros _ cnobierebis dakargva

grZeldeba 1 sT-mde, amneziis xangrZlivoba aRwevs

24 sT.

3) mZimes dros _ gonebis dakargva aWarbebs 1 sT,

xolo amnezia grZeldeba erTi dRe-Rame.

qala-tvinis travmis dros gansakuTrebiT eqceva

yuradReba qalis fuZis motexilobas, romelic

vlindeba Semdegi ZiriTadi niSnebiT: 1) liqvoris

165

(Tavisa da zurgis tvinis siTxis) gadmodinebiT yuridan da cxviridan; 2) ,,saTvalis”

simptomi (orive Tvalbudeze simetriulad arsebuli sisxlCaqceva); 3) koniunqtivaSi

(Tvalis TeTri lorwovani) sisxlCaqcevebiT; 4) yuris niJaris ukan arsebuli

sisxlCaqceviT, romelic vlindeba 24-48 sT. Semdeg travmidan; 5) Tavis tvinis

nervebis dazianebiT (mag. safeTqlis wilis dazianeba iwvevs smenisa da saxis nervis

dazianebas, Sublis wilisa – metyvelebis dazianebas da a. S.). liqvori Cveulebrivi

lorwosagan gansxvavebiT Seicavs glukozas, amitom aris webvadi bunebis. Tu Tavis

travmis dros ar aRiniSneba Tavis tvinis nivTierebis dazianebisas arsebuli

simptomebi _ pirdapiri da iribi (gonebis dakargva an dabindva, amnezia, xanmokle

gaTiSva, xangrZlivi Rebineba, mdgradi Tavbrusxveva da a. S.) maSin iq adgili hqonia

Tavis rbili

qsovilebis

RrZobas.

qala-tvinis

tramvis dros

aucilebelia

swrafi

zedapiruli

gasinjva,

sasunTqi gzebis gamtarobis Semowmeba da maTi gamavlobis aRdgena. sunTqvis

sixSirisa da riTmulobis gansazRvra, sisxlis mimoqcevis Sefaseba (pulsaciiT),

cnobierebis Sefaseba, pacientis moTavseba 30 °daxrilobis zedapirze.

Tanmxlebi sxva dazianebebis dros Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis Catareba da bolos

swrafi hospitalizacia (nebismier SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia dakvirveba 24 saaTis

ganmavlobaSi).

m o t e x i l o b am o t e x i l o b am o t e x i l o b am o t e x i l o b a

meqanikuri zemoqmedebiT Zvlis mTlianobis

darRvevas motexilobamotexilobamotexilobamotexiloba ewodeba. mTlianobis

nawilobrivi darRvevis SemTxvevaSi _ saqme

gvaqvs arasrul motexilobasTan (gabzarva,

atkeCva). arCeven daxurdaxurdaxurdaxurul da Riaul da Riaul da Riaul da Ria motexilobas.

166

daxuruli motexiloba _ simptomebi:

• tkivili;

• deformacia motexilobis adgilas;

• xraSuni motexil fragmentebs Soris;

• kiduris pasiuri moZraoba;

• menjis Zvlebis motexilobisas dazaralebuls ar

SeuZlia fexis zemoT aweva.

pirveladi samedicino daxmareba daxuruli motexilobis dros:

• gaukeTeT dazaralebuls imobilizacia;

• mxrisa da barZayis Zvlebis motexilobis SemTxvevaSi unda daafiqsiroT ara

nakleb sami saxsrisa;

• daadeT artaSani, ise rom dazianebuli are dafiqsirdes or mezobel saxsars

Soris(motexilobis zemoT da qvemoT);

• artaSani ukeTesia daadoT garedan, tansacmelze da misceT mas kiduris forma

(mavTulis artaSani);

• motexilobis areSi naxveviT fiqsacia ar gaakeToT;

• savele pirobebSi SeiZleba gamoiyenoT ficari, xis toti, qamari, Toki da sxva

improvizirebuli saSualeba;

• ukidures SemTxvevaSi dazianebuli fexi daafiqsireT janmrTel fexze, xolo zeda

kiduri_tanze naxvevis saSualebiT.

Tu motexili Zvlis

fragmenti azianebs kanis

mTlianobas, igi xdeba Ria.

cecxlsasroli iaraRiT miyenebul motexilobas Tan axlavs

sisxlZarRvebisa da nervebis dazianeba, motexiloba

damsxvreulia.

pirveladi samedicino daxmareba Ria motexilobis dros:

• kiduris gaSiSvleba, tansacmlis SemoWra;

167

• sisxldenis SeCereba: damwoli naxvevis, arteruli sisxldenisas laxtis dadeba;

• Wrilobaze steriluri naxvevis dadeba;

• kiduris imobilizacia;

• Sokis profilaktikis mizniT Tu gaqvT dazaralebuls gaukeTeT

tkivilgamayuCebeli;

• saswrafod gadaiyvaneT saavadmyofoSi.

pirveladi samedicino daxmareba kisris an xerxemlis dazianebis dros:

kisris an xerxemlis dazianebisas an masze eWvis mitanisas

• ar SeiZleba dazaralebulisTvis Tavisa da kisris moZraoba;

• dazaralebuls daufiqsireT Tavi da kiserze gaukeTeT specialuri sayelo;

• Tu kisris sayelo ar gaqvT, gamoiyeneT rame improvizirebuli saSualebebi. mag.

marlaSi gadaxveuli sqeli bambis sayelos.

• kisrisa da xerxemlis travmis SemTxvvaSi an masze eWvis mitanisas,

dazaralebulis transportireba moaxdineT specialur farze, xis an faneris

zedapirze. am mizniT SeiZleba Senobis karis gamoyenebac.

pirveladi samedicino daxmareba menjis Zvlebis motexilobis dros:

menjis Zvlebis motexilobisas an masze eWvis mitanisas

• dazaralebuls zurgis qveS daudeT xis fari an rame improvizirebuli

saSualeba;

ar SeiZleba!

• Wrilobaze Sexeba;

• Zvlis namsxvrevebis Casworeba;

• ucxo sxeulebis mocileba.

168

• daawvineT “bayayis” poziciaSi:

• fexebi mouxareT muxlis

saxsarSi da gadauwieT ganze;

• terfebi daufiqsireT erTad;

• muxlebis qveS daudeT baliSi

an tansacmeli.

• saswrafod gadaiyvaneT

saavadmyoSi

Wriloba/sisxldenaWriloba/sisxldenaWriloba/sisxldenaWriloba/sisxldena

Wrilobis tWrilobis tWrilobis tWrilobis tipebi:ipebi:ipebi:ipebi:

o nagleji Wriloba _

gulisxmobs kanis safaris

gaWras. Wrilobas aqvs

dakbiluli napirebi da

axasiaTebs sisxldena;

o nakveTi Wriloba _

gamowveulia basri sagniT.

Wrilobas aqvs sufTa, Tanabari

napiri;

o naCxvleti Wriloba/kanis

safarqveS SeRweva _ axasiaTebs mcire sisxldena zedapirze. TiTqmis

SeuZlebelia sisxldenis farTis gansazRvra kanis safarqveS. igi zrdis

infeqciis safrTxes.

o kanis moglejva _ am dros kanis safari nawilobriv, zogjer ki mTlianad

scildeba sxeulis kunTovan nawils.

yvela zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevyvela zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevyvela zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevyvela zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi viTardeba garegani sisxlena. aSi viTardeba garegani sisxlena. aSi viTardeba garegani sisxlena. aSi viTardeba garegani sisxlena.

muclis Rrus Wrilobebis dros Wrilobaze vafenT sufTa safens. Tu

gadmoyrilia nawlavebi da Cans sxva organoebic, nu ecdebiT maT Cabrunebas

muclis RruSi. vaTavsebT dazaralebuls misTvis yvelaze mosaxerxebel

mdgomareobaSi, dakecil sabans vudebT moxrili muxlebis qveS, muclis Rrus

kedlebze naklebi zewolisaTvis.

sastikad ikrZaleba yovelgvari sasmelis, saWmelis an sigaretis micemac.

Tu tyvia an sxva raime basri sagani SeaRwevs gulmkerdis areSi, SeiZleba

mogvesmas stvenis msgavsi xma, gulmkerdSi haeris daubrkolad Sesvla-gamosvlis

169

gamo. amitom filtvis kolafsis (funqciis gaTiSva) Tavidan asacileblad unda

davucoT Tavi, amis gakeTeba SesaZlebelia rogorc SiSveli xelebiT, ise

celofnis paketiT, zonriT an qsovelis safeniT. imisda miuxedavad grZnobazea Tu

ara dazaralebuli, vawvenT mas dazianebuli mxriT qvemoT, misTvis moxerxebul

mdgomareobaSi.

sisxldenis SeCerebis Semdeg yvela saxis Wriloba antiseptikurad unda

damuSavdes, amisTvis gamoiyeneba spiriti da iodi Wrilobis garSemo aris

mosasufTaveblad, wyalbadis zeJangi (perekisi), briliantis mwvane uSualod

kideebisa da Wrilobebis amosasufTaveblad (Wrilobidan mxolod SesaZlebelia

mxolod mcire zomis ucxo sxeulebis amoReba). davadoT steriluri safeni da

SevaxvioT bintiT. mcire zomis Wrilobis

SemTxvevaSi davadoT baqteriuli

leikoplastiri.

sisxldenasisxldenasisxldenasisxldena

sisxlZarRvebis dazianeba iwvevs sisxldenas.

garegani sisxldena xdeba maSin, roca kanis

safaris darRvevis nebismier formasTan gvaqvs

saqme. Sida (faruli) sisxldena SeiZleba iyos

daavadebis, Wrilobis an garkveuli samkurnalo saSualebebis zemoqmedebis Sedegi.

misi gamokvleva SeiZleba gagrZeldes. sisxldenisas aRiniSneba Semdegi niSnebi da

simptomebi:

Ria Wrilobidan momdinare sisxli;

• sisxli pirRebinebisas gamoyofil

nivTierebaSi, ganavalSi an SardSi;

• vaginaluri sisxldena;

• tkivili an/da Sesieba muclis areSi;

• sisxlCaqcevebi;

• sisuste, gonebis areva.

sisxldena sisxlZarRvTa saxeobebidan

gamomdinare aris: arteriuli, venuri,

kapilaruli da a. S.

arteriuli sisxldenisas Wrilobidan

moedineba alisferi, JangbadiT

170

gajerebuli (mdidari), pulsirebadi sisxlis nakadi.

misgan gansxvavebiT venuri sisxldenis dros Wrilobidan gamodis uwyveti nakadi

momdinare, naxSirorJangiT mdidari, muqi feris sisxli. arteriuli da venuri

sisxldenis SesaCereblad mimarTaven laxtis dadebas an kiduris saxsarSi

maqsimaluri moxris an ganzidvis meTods.

laxti ideba Wrilobis zemoT

(proqsimalurad), WrilobasTan

maqsimalurad axlos.

mizanSewonilia kiduris im nawilSi,

sadac mxolod erTi Zvalia (mxari,

barZayi). laxti ar ideba uSualod

kanze: mis qveS aucileblad unda

moTavsdes bamba, naWeri, tansacmeli.

sworad dadebisas Wrilobidan

wydeba sisxldena, periferiaze qreba

pulsacia. aucileblad unda

aRiniSnos laxtis dadebis zusti

dro: ar SeiZleba misi gaCereba

kidurze zafxulSi 2 sT., zamTarSi 1

sT.-ze met xans. am drois gasvlis Semdeg saWiroa laxtis moxsna, sisxldenis

ganmavlobis xanmokle aRdgena (nekrozis da gangrenis Tavidan asacileblad) da

misi kvlav dadeba ramdenadme zemoT. specialuri laxtis uqonlobis SemTxvevaSi

SesaZlebelia misi damzadebac. igi unda iyos minimum 5 sm. siganis zonari,

romelsac orjer SemovaxvevT kidurze da boloebs ki erTmaneTze

gadavajvaredinebT, patara joxs an raime msgavs sagans vaTavsebT zonris naxevrad

gakrul kvanZSi. Semdeg zemodan vaxvevT mas zonaris boloebs. joxs vatrialebT

manam, sanam sisxldena ar SeCerdeba. Semdeg meore zonriT vaxdenT mis fiqsacias.

TiTqmis yvela saxis sisxldena SeiZleba SeCerdes.

171

• es unda ganxorcieldes

steriluri an sufTa

Semwovi saxvevi masalis

zustad Wrilobaze

moxerxebulad dadebiT;

• Tu saxvevi masala sisxliT

gaiJRinTeba, ar SecvaloT

igi, piriqiT, masze meore

saxvevi masala moaTavseT

da ganagrZeT zewola;

• nu moaxdenT pirdapir

zewolas Tvalis dazianebis

SemTxvevaSi, radganac es

adgili ,,Casmul’’ organos

Seicavs. zewola arc Tavis

areSi miyenebuli Wrilobis

SemTxvevaSia dasaSvebi,

radganac aris tvinis

dazianebis saSiSroeba.

saWiroa Wrilobaze davadoT

sqeli safeni, damzadebuli SeZlebisdagvarad sufTa qsovilisagan. efeqturia

Wrilobis elivacia (wamoweva) gulis doneze maRla. Tu Wriloba mdebareobs Tavis

an kisris areSi, maSin unda moxdes dazaralebulis Tavisa da beWebis wamoweva. Tu

sisxldena grZeldeba, SesaZlebelia NnaWrilobevis zemoT xelis daWera Zvlamde

arteriaze:

mklavze _ iRliasa da idayvs Soris.

fexze _ tansa da TeZos nakecebSi da araviTar SemTxvevaSi uSualod fexze.

Tema #11

sxvadasxva garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebisxvadasxva garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebisxvadasxva garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebisxvadasxva garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli dazianebebi ----

damwvrobadamwvrobadamwvrobadamwvroba/eleqtrotramvaeleqtrotramvaeleqtrotramvaeleqtrotramva//// wyalSi daxrCoba wyalSi daxrCoba wyalSi daxrCoba wyalSi daxrCoba //// nakbeninakbeninakbeninakbeni

damwvroba es aris sxeulis zedapiris da mis qveS mdebare anatomiuri struqturebis damwvroba es aris sxeulis zedapiris da mis qveS mdebare anatomiuri struqturebis damwvroba es aris sxeulis zedapiris da mis qveS mdebare anatomiuri struqturebis damwvroba es aris sxeulis zedapiris da mis qveS mdebare anatomiuri struqturebis

maRali temperaturiTa da sxva garemo faqtorebiT gamowvemaRali temperaturiTa da sxva garemo faqtorebiT gamowvemaRali temperaturiTa da sxva garemo faqtorebiT gamowvemaRali temperaturiTa da sxva garemo faqtorebiT gamowveuli dazianeba. sxvadsxva uli dazianeba. sxvadsxva uli dazianeba. sxvadsxva uli dazianeba. sxvadsxva

faqtorebi SeiZleba iyos: Termuli, qimiuri, eleqtruli da sxivuri energia, faqtorebi SeiZleba iyos: Termuli, qimiuri, eleqtruli da sxivuri energia, faqtorebi SeiZleba iyos: Termuli, qimiuri, eleqtruli da sxivuri energia, faqtorebi SeiZleba iyos: Termuli, qimiuri, eleqtruli da sxivuri energia,

maionizirebeli radiacia. maionizirebeli radiacia. maionizirebeli radiacia. maionizirebeli radiacia.

172

imisaTvis, rom warmovidginoT damwvrobis mimdinareoba, saWiroa vicodeT kanis

Sreebis agebuleba. zrdasruli adamianis kanis farTobi 1.5-2m2 Seadgens.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom bavSvis da moxucis kani ufro Txelia, vidre zrdasruli

adamianis. bavSvis kani Seicavs SedarebiT meti raodenobiT siTxes, vidre zrdasruli

da xanSiSesuli adamianis kani. asakobrivi jgufebis gaTvaliswinebiT, erTi da imave

pirobebSi bavSvma da xanSiSesulma adamianma SeiZleba ufro Rrma damwvroba miiRos,

vidre mozrdilma adamianma. kani asrulebs ramodenime kompleqsur funqcias:

garemosgan dacvis, siTxeebis regulaciis,

Termoregulaciis, SegrZnebis.

gamoyofen damwvrobis 4 xarisgamoyofen damwvrobis 4 xarisgamoyofen damwvrobis 4 xarisgamoyofen damwvrobis 4 xarisxs:xs:xs:xs:

I xarisxi I xarisxi I xarisxi I xarisxi ---- eriTemuli.eriTemuli.eriTemuli.eriTemuli. SewiTleba da kanis

SeSupeba.

II xarisxi II xarisxi II xarisxi II xarisxi ---- bulozuri.bulozuri.bulozuri.bulozuri.

kanis zeda Sris nekrozi da bulebis warmoqmna.

III (a) III (a) III (a) III (a) ---- xarisxi xarisxi xarisxi xarisxi - nekrozulinekrozulinekrozulinekrozuli kanis zeda Sris

nekrozi, qveda Sreebi SenarCunebulia.

III (b) III (b) III (b) III (b) ---- xarisxi xarisxi xarisxi xarisxi ---- nekrozuli nekrozuli nekrozuli nekrozuli kanis yvela Sris

totaluri nekrozi.

IV xarisxi IV xarisxi IV xarisxi IV xarisxi ---- nekrozul nekrozul nekrozul nekrozul ---- gangrenozuli.gangrenozuli.gangrenozuli.gangrenozuli. moicavs, kanis yvela stuqturas da mis

qveS mdebare qsovilebs: cximovani qsovili, kunTovani qsovili, sisxlZarRvebi,

myesebi, Zvlovani qsovili. (I, II, III-a) ganekuTvneba zedapiruli tipis damwvrobas. (III-b,

IV) Rrma tipis damwvrobebi, qsovilebis masiuri nekroziT.

arsebobs Sefasebis meore, Tanamedrove sistema, romelic aseve, moicavs

dazianebuli kanisa da mis qveS mdebare struqturebis dazianebis Sefasebas:

I I I I ---- zedapirulizedapirulizedapirulizedapiruli, romelic moicavs epidermiss da dermis zeda Sres.

II II II II ---- arasrulSreobriviarasrulSreobriviarasrulSreobriviarasrulSreobrivi, romelic moicavs epidermiss da dermas.

III III III III ---- srulSreobrivi,srulSreobrivi,srulSreobrivi,srulSreobrivi, romelic moicavs kanis yvela Sres da mis qveS mdebare

anatomiur qsovilebs: cximovani qsovili, kiunTovani qsovili, sisxlZarRvebi, myesebi,

Zvlovani qsovili.

damazianebeli faqtorebis klasifikaciadamazianebeli faqtorebis klasifikaciadamazianebeli faqtorebis klasifikaciadamazianebeli faqtorebis klasifikacia

173

damazianebeli faqtorebidamazianebeli faqtorebidamazianebeli faqtorebidamazianebeli faqtorebi

cecxlis ali:cecxlis ali:cecxlis ali:cecxlis ali: damwvrobis are SedarebiT didia, siRrmis mixedviT 2-xarisxisaTvis

damaxasiaTebelia. Wrilobis pirveladi damuSavebisas sirTules warmoadgens

damwvari zedapiridan tansacmlis namwvi narCenebis amoReba. qsovilis narCenebma

SeiZleba SemdgomSi infeqcia gamoicvios. aseve SeiZleba daziandes Tvalebi, zeda

sasunTqi gzebi.

mduRare siTxeebi:mduRare siTxeebi:mduRare siTxeebi:mduRare siTxeebi: damwvrobis farTobi mcirea, magram Rrmad aRwevs qsovilebSi,

Seesabameba 2-3 xarisxs.

orTqliorTqliorTqliorTqli:::: damwvrobis farTobi didi zomisaa, magram Rrmad ar Cadis qsovilebSi

xSirad iwvevs sasunTqi gzebis dazianebas.

gavarvarebuli sagnebi:gavarvarebuli sagnebi:gavarvarebuli sagnebi:gavarvarebuli sagnebi: damwvrobis are yovelTvis Seesabameba gavarvarebuli sagnis

zomebs da gaaCnia mkveTri sazRvrebi da Sesabamisi siRrme. damwvrobis farTobi

Seesabameba 2- 4 xarisxs. gavarvarebuli sagnebis moSorebisas damwvrobis aredan

SeiZleba damwvrobis damatebiTi travma gamoiwvioT. xSirad qsovilebis aSrevebas aqvs

adgili.

qimiuri damwvrobebi warmoiqmneba sxeulze qimiurad agresiuli nivTierebebisqimiuri damwvrobebi warmoiqmneba sxeulze qimiurad agresiuli nivTierebebisqimiuri damwvrobebi warmoiqmneba sxeulze qimiurad agresiuli nivTierebebisqimiuri damwvrobebi warmoiqmneba sxeulze qimiurad agresiuli nivTierebebis

zemoqmedebisas.zemoqmedebisas.zemoqmedebisas.zemoqmedebisas.

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mJaveebi:mJaveebi:mJaveebi:mJaveebi: damwvroba ar aris Rrma, mJavas koagulaciuri efeqtis zemoqmedeba damwvari

qsovilebisgan formirdeba nawiburi romelic aferxebs damcvrobis ufro Rrmad

Casvlas qsovilebSi, koncentrirebuli mJavebiT gamowveuli damwvrobebi ufro

zedapirulia vidre ganzavebuli mJavebiT, radgan nawiburis warmoqmna maleve xdeba.

tuteebi:tuteebi:tuteebi:tuteebi: tuteebi zemoqmedeben kanze da Rrmad aRweven qsovilebSi, radgan ar xdeba

cilovani koagulacia nawiburis saxiT ar eqmnebaT barieri.

mZime metalebis marilebi:mZime metalebis marilebi:mZime metalebis marilebi:mZime metalebis marilebi: damwvrobebi zedapirulia, vizualurad da klinikurad

damwvroba mJaveebiT gamowveuli damwvrobis analogiuria.

eleqtruli deniT gamowveuli damwvrobebi:eleqtruli deniT gamowveuli damwvrobebi:eleqtruli deniT gamowveuli damwvrobebi:eleqtruli deniT gamowveuli damwvrobebi: warmoiqmneba sxeulSi muxtis Sesvlisa da

gamosvlis adgilebSi. damaxasiaTebelia sxeulze ramodenime mcire zomis damwvari

ubnis arseboba, qsovilebSi Rramd aRwevs. gansakuTrebiT saxifaToa eleqtruli

damwvrobebis dros gulis eleqtrotravma, rac xSirad letaluri gamosavalis

mizezia. eleqtruli denis damazianebeli efeqti damokidebulia mis fizikur

parametrebze: denis Zabva, denis Zala, xasiaTi (mudmivi, cvladi). mokle CarTvis

Sedegad gamowveuli damwvrobebi, waagavs cecxlis aliT gamowveul damwvrobebs, am

dros muxtis gavla ar xdeba dazaralebulis sxeulSi.

sxivuri damwvroba viTardeba sxvadasxva tipis speqtris gamosxivebis Sedegad.sxivuri damwvroba viTardeba sxvadasxva tipis speqtris gamosxivebis Sedegad.sxivuri damwvroba viTardeba sxvadasxva tipis speqtris gamosxivebis Sedegad.sxivuri damwvroba viTardeba sxvadasxva tipis speqtris gamosxivebis Sedegad.

sxivuri damwvrobasxivuri damwvrobasxivuri damwvrobasxivuri damwvroba:::: damwvrobebi, romlebic gamowveulia zafxulSi, mzis

ultraiisferi sxivebis zemoqmedebiT. siRrme Sesabamisad 1- xarisxs Seesabameba,

iSviaTad SeiZleba iyos me-2 xarisxis. aseve, damwvrobebi SeiZleba sxivebis

nebismierma speqtrma gamoiwvios. damokidebulia speqtris intensivobaze, siZliereze.

speqtris talRis sigrZe gansazRvravs damwvrobis siRrmes. aseti tipis damwvrobebi

miiReba, lazeriT zemoqmedebisas sxeulze, aseve atomuri bombis afeTqebis dros

warmoqmnili koncentrirebuli ultraiisferi sxivebis speqtri, romelic sul raRac

4 wams grZeldeba. (iaponia, 1945 weli).

radioaqtiuri gamosxiveba:radioaqtiuri gamosxiveba:radioaqtiuri gamosxiveba:radioaqtiuri gamosxiveba: α - nawilakebi, dadebiTi muxtis mqone, haerSi 2-3 sm-ze

vrceldeba.... β – wilakebi, uaryofiTi muxtis mqone, haerSi 30-50 sm-ze vrceldeba,

adamianis kanSi 2sm gadis. γ – nawilakebi, gadis yvelgan, aqvs maRali energia. (akavebs

1 metri sisqis betonis kedeli, sqeli tyviis fena). neitronebineitronebineitronebineitronebi – aseve maRali

energiis matarebelia. damwvrobebi xSirad zedapirulia, magram mkurnalobis

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menejmenti rTulia, radgan dazianebas iRebs kanis qveS arsebuli qsovilebi da

organoebi. xSirad sisxlZarRvebis struqtura ziandeba, aris hematomebi qsovilebSi.

garTulebulia regeneracia.

kombinirebuli damwvrobebi:kombinirebuli damwvrobebi:kombinirebuli damwvrobebi:kombinirebuli damwvrobebi: romelic viTardeba ori an meti etiologiurad

gansxvavebuli faqtoris zemoqmedebisas. magaliTad: orTqliTa da mJavaTi. aseve

SeiZleba, damwvrobebisa da mravlobiTi motexilobebis Tanaarseboba.

damwvrobis klinikuri formebidamwvrobis klinikuri formebidamwvrobis klinikuri formebidamwvrobis klinikuri formebi

damwvroba miuxedavad, damazianebeli faqtorisa da siRrmisa SeiZleba gamovlindes damwvroba miuxedavad, damazianebeli faqtorisa da siRrmisa SeiZleba gamovlindes damwvroba miuxedavad, damazianebeli faqtorisa da siRrmisa SeiZleba gamovlindes damwvroba miuxedavad, damazianebeli faqtorisa da siRrmisa SeiZleba gamovlindes

gansxvavebuli klinikuri formebiT:gansxvavebuli klinikuri formebiT:gansxvavebuli klinikuri formebiT:gansxvavebuli klinikuri formebiT:

eriTema: eriTema: eriTema: eriTema: warmoadgnes kanis zedapiris siwiTlesa da SeSupebas, warmoiqmneba 1 -

xarisxis damwvrobebis dros axasiaTebs yvela tipis damwvrobas.

vezikulavezikulavezikulavezikula: buSti kanis zedapirze, romelic Sicavs serozul an hemoragiul SigTavss.

warmoiqmneba epidermisis zeda Sris aSrevebisas, romelSic SeiZleba iyos limfa an

sisxli. viTardeba me- 2-3 xarisxis damwvrobebisas.

bula:bula:bula:bula: vezikulasTan SedarebiT didi zomebiT xasiaTdeba 1-2 sm da meti. warmoiqmneba

upiratesad me- 3 xarisxis damwvrobebisas.

eeeerozia:rozia:rozia:rozia: dazianebuli zedapiri, moSorebulia epidermiss, sisxlmdenia da advilad

ziandeba. SeiZleba warmoiqmnas yvela tipis damwvrobebis dros. warmoiqmneba kanis

aSrevebisas an bulebis moSorebis Semdeg.

wyluli:wyluli:wyluli:wyluli: waagavs erozias, magram ufro metad, Rrmad Cadis qsovilSi. SeiZleba

Zvlovan qsovilamde CaaRwios. formirdeba nekrozul areSi. wylulis zoma

damokidebulia nekrozis moculobaze.

koagulaciuri nekrozi (“mkoagulaciuri nekrozi (“mkoagulaciuri nekrozi (“mkoagulaciuri nekrozi (“mSrali nekrozi”)Srali nekrozi”)Srali nekrozi”)Srali nekrozi”): dazianebuli qsovilis danekrozebisa da

gamoSrobis Sedegad warmoiqmneba moSao - moyavisfro Seferilobis nawiburi,

romelic advilad Sordeba qirurgiuli CareviT. axasiaTebs mJavebiT damwvrobas.

koliqvaciuri nekrozi (“sveli nekrozi”)koliqvaciuri nekrozi (“sveli nekrozi”)koliqvaciuri nekrozi (“sveli nekrozi”)koliqvaciuri nekrozi (“sveli nekrozi”): nekrozuli qsovilisa da masSi siTxis

arsebobis gamo, aqtiurad mravldebian baqteriebi. dazianebuli are iRebs momwvano -

moyviTalo fers, SeSupebulia, axasiaTebs specifiuri arasasiamovno suni. axasiaTebs

176

progresireba dauzianebeli qsovilebis dazianebiT. damaxasiaTebelia tuteebiT

gamowveuli damwvrobisaTvis.

sxeulis damwvari zedapiris Sefasebasxeulis damwvari zedapiris Sefasebasxeulis damwvari zedapiris Sefasebasxeulis damwvari zedapiris Sefaseba

damwvrobis prehospitalur etapze Sefasebas didi roli eniWeba, radgan sworad unda

ganisazRvros pireladi daxmarebis taqtika: arsebobs Sefasebis ramodenime meTodi:

“cxrianis wesi”, “asianis wesi”, “xelis gulis wesi”.

“cxrianis wesicxrianis wesicxrianis wesicxrianis wesi””””

• Tavi da kiseri - 9%.

• zeda kiduri - 9%.

• zeda kiduri - 9%.

• torsis wina zedapiri - 18%.

• torsis ukana zedapiri - 18%.

• qveda kiduri - 18%.

• qveda kiduri - 18%.

• sasqeso organoebis midamo - 1%.

• yoveli mtevani TiTebis CaTvliT, daaxloebiT - 1%.

“asianis wesi”asianis wesi”asianis wesi”asianis wesi”

asaki + damwvrobis zedapiris farTobi asaki + damwvrobis zedapiris farTobi asaki + damwvrobis zedapiris farTobi asaki + damwvrobis zedapiris farTobi

winaswari prognozi: winaswari prognozi: winaswari prognozi: winaswari prognozi:

• < 60 - keTilsaimedo;

• 61-80 - SedarebiT keTilsaimedo;

• 80-100 - saeWvo;

• 101-ze > - arakeTilsaimedo.

am martivi gamoTvlis daxmarebiT, Tqven ukve SegiZliaT prehospitalur etapze,

winaswar SeafasoT dazaralebulis mdgomareba da klinikuri suraTis gamosavali.

“xelis gulis wesi”xelis gulis wesi”xelis gulis wesi”xelis gulis wesi”

adamianis xelis guli moicavs mTeli sxeulis zedapiris daaxloebiT 1 - 1,2% -s. da

misi dadebiT, SeZleba ganisazRvros damwvrobis farTobi. Tumca es meTodi naklebad

gamoiyeneba.

inhalaciuri damwvrobainhalaciuri damwvrobainhalaciuri damwvrobainhalaciuri damwvroba

inhalaciuri damwvroba gulisxmobs, sasunTqi gzebis, SesunTqviT gamowveul

damwvrobas, romelic SeiZleba gamoiwvios: cecxlis alma, aduRebuli siTxeebis

orTqlma, wvis Sedegad warmoqmnilma qimiurma produqtebma, aqroladma qimiurma

177

nivTierebebma. klinikuri suraTi SeiZleba SesunTqvidan maleve gamovlindes, an

pirvel 12-36 saaTis Semdeg. damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra saxis inhalaciuri

damwvrobaa. SesunTquli airis qimiuri Semadgenloba, moqmedebis xangrZlivoba.

• xanZris dros, daxurul sivrceSi, Jangbadis Semcveloba 10 %-ze naklebi SeiZleba

iyos;

• hipoqsiuri dazianeba SesaZloa ganviTardes ramodenime wuTSi;

• naxSirJangisa da sistemuri toqsinebis absorbcia filtvebis gziT;

• kvamlis inhalacia - wvis Sedegad warmoqmnili qimiuri produqtebi, romlebic

iwveven sasunTqi gzebis damwvrobas.

xSirad inhalaciuri damwvrobis mqone dazaralebulebs maleve aReniSnebaT, sunTqvis

gaZneleba da stridori, eqspiraciis fazaSi. xmis CaxleCa, rac

xorxis SeSupebaze metyvelebs. aseve SeiZleba iyos

mogvianebiTi gamovlineba, 24-36 saaTis Semdeg.

naxSirJangiT intoqsikacianaxSirJangiT intoqsikacianaxSirJangiT intoqsikacianaxSirJangiT intoqsikacia

naxSirJangi, anu igive naxSirbadis monooqsidi, organuli

produqtebis arasruli wvis produqtia. romelic warmoiqmneba

wvis dros Jangbadis dabali koncentraciis pirobebSi. ar gaaCnia suni, gemo, feri.

misi fardobiTi molekuluri masa 28. Seesabameba haeris fardobiT molekulur masas

(29). rac mas saSualebas aZlevs didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iyos daxurul sivrceSi.

naxSirJangi, hemoglobinTan 200 - jer ufro metad mtkice naerTs qmnis, vidre

JangbadTan, romelsac karboqsihemoglobini ewodeba. sworad amaSi mdgomareobs misi

toqsiuroba. sisxlSi arsebul karboqsihemoglobins aRar aqvs Jangbadis

transportirebis unari. qsovilebi ganicdian Jangbadovan SimSils.

pirveladi daxmarebapirveladi daxmarebapirveladi daxmarebapirveladi daxmareba

SemTxvevis adgilze misvlisas, pirvel rigSi daculi unda iyos Tqveni usafrTxoeba.

mxolod amis Semdeg aRmouCenT dazaralebuls pirvelad daxmarebas. dazaralebuli

SeiZleba dagxvdeT ugono mdgomareobaSi. aucilebelia mis gamoyvana sufTa haerze,

usafrTxo garemoSi da ABC algoriTmis Catareba. a. a. a. sufTa Jangbadis, micema

xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi.

• sasunTqi gzebis Semowmeba, sunTqvis uzrunvelyofa;

• daxurul sivrceSi xanZris dros myof yvela dazaralebuls unda mieces 100%

Jangbadi, niRbiT;

178

• naxSiris msgavsi nadebi cxvir - xaxis lorwovanze da xmauriani sunTqva,

sunTqvis xelovnurad marTvis Cvenebaa;

• sisxlis mimoqcevis kontroli, regulacia;

• drouli gadayvana klinikaSi.

damwvrobisdamwvrobisdamwvrobisdamwvrobis klinikurklinikurklinikurklinikur mimdinareobazemimdinareobazemimdinareobazemimdinareobaze moqmedimoqmedimoqmedimoqmedi faqtorebifaqtorebifaqtorebifaqtorebi

• damwvrobis saxe (ra tipisaa damwvroba);

• gamomwvevi faqtoris zemoqmedebis dro;

• damwvrobis xarisxi da siRrme;

• sxeulis damwvari zedapiris procentuli maCvenebeli;

• damwvrobis lokalizacia;

• dazaralebulis asaki, sqesi da janmrTelobis zogadi mdgomareoba.


damwvrobebis SemTxvevaSi metad mniSvnelovania drouli TviT da urTierT daxmarebis

aRmoCena. misi mizania moqmedi damzianebeli faqtoris zemoqmedebis SeCereba.

dazaralebulis usafrTxo adgilze gadayvana da sasicocxlo parametrebis

koregireba.

Termuli damwvrobebiTermuli damwvrobebiTermuli damwvrobebiTermuli damwvrobebi : am tipis dazianebebis SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa damzianebeli

faqtoris moSoreba da damwvari zedapiris gagrileba, grili gamavali wyliT

Camorecxva 15-20 wuTis ganmavlobaSi. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Tu kanis safaris

mTlianoba araa dazianebuli. efeqturia Tu Catardeba ara ugvianes 2 saaTis

ganmavlobaSi, damwvrobidan. ar unda daziandes bulebis mTlianoba, rac infeqciis

SeWris saSiSroebas Seqmnis. damwvrobis pirveladi daTvalierebisa da damuSavebis

Semdeg saWiroa steriluri naxvevis dadeba da dazaralebulis drouli gadayvana

klinikaSi.

eleqtruli damwvrobebi: eleqtruli damwvrobebi: eleqtruli damwvrobebi: eleqtruli damwvrobebi: am dros aucilebelia denis wyaros gamorTva. darwmundiT

garemos usafrTxoebaSi da mxolod amis Semdeg aRmouCineT dazaralebuls pirveladi

daxmareeba. eleqtruli deniT gamowveul damwvrobebis dros sakmaod rTulia

dazianebuli farTobis gansazRvra, radgan dazianebuli qsovilebi mdebareobs

dauzianebeli kanis qveS. am tipis dazianebebi metad saxifaToa, radgan xSir

SemTxevaSi guli da centraluri nervuli sistema ziandeba, gamosavali ki uxSiresad

letaluria. aseTi tipis dazianebisaTvis tipiuria, denis Sesvlisa da gamosvlis

niSnebi sxeulis zedapirebze. gamosvlis adgils uxSiresad qveda kidurebi

warmoadgens, terfis qveda mxare.

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qimiuri damwvrobebiqimiuri damwvrobebiqimiuri damwvrobebiqimiuri damwvrobebi: qimiur damwvrobebis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia agentis drouli

moSoreba. darwmundiT garemos usafrTxoebaSi da Semdeg aRmouCineT dazaralebuls

pirveladi daxmareba. gamoiyvaneT dazaralebuli qimiurad dabinZurebuli adgilidan.

qimiuri nivTierebebiT damwvari are CamorecxeT gamavali wyliT an CamobaneT

inertuli xsnariT. Tvalis damwvrobebis SemTxvevaSi unda amoirecxos gamvali wyliT

15-20 wuTis ganmavlobaSi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mieciT antidoti. damwvrobis are

SeaxvieT steriluri naxveviT da moaxdineT drouli hospitalizacia, Tu aris

saSualeba gadaiyvaneT specializirebul klinikaSi sadac SesaZlebelia

toqsikologis konsultacia.

damwvrobebis prehospitalur etapze dauSvebelia dauSvebelia dauSvebelia dauSvebelia zeTiseburi da cximis Semcveli

komponentebis gamoyeneba, rac mxolod arTulebs damwvrobis mimdinareobas.

dauSvebelia prehospitalur etapze, damwvari zedapiridan, tansacmlis namwvi

narCenebis moSoreba. SeiZleba gamoiwvioT kanis farTo monakveTis aSreveba,

sisxldena, Wrilobis dainficireba. gautkivarebis gareSe am proceduris Catareba

dazaralebuls mxolod damatebiT travmas ayenebs, SesaZlebelia Sokis ganviTareba.

Wrilobis damuSaveba prehospitalur etapze, sisxlisdenisa da dainficirebis risks

zrdis.

wyalSi daxrCobawyalSi daxrCobawyalSi daxrCobawyalSi daxrCoba

statistikuri monacemebistatistikuri monacemebistatistikuri monacemebistatistikuri monacemebi

• wyalSi uxSiresad ixrCobian saukeTeso mcuravebi;

• zRis sanapiroze, mdinareebTan meTalyureobis gareSe

myofi bavSvebi;

• sxvadasxa ubeduri SemTxveva;

• alkoholuri simTvralisa narkotikuli zemoqmedebis qveS myofi adamianebi;

• suicidis mcdeloba.

wyalSi daxrCobis tipebiwyalSi daxrCobis tipebiwyalSi daxrCobis tipebiwyalSi daxrCobis tipebi

ganasxvaveben daxrCobis ramodenime tips: WeSmariti WeSmariti WeSmariti WeSmariti (“aspiraciuli”,”sveli”) crucrucrucru

(“asfiqsiuri”,”mSrali”,”spastiuri”). sinkopaluri sinkopaluri sinkopaluri sinkopaluri (“refleqtoruli”) da SereuliSereuliSereuliSereuli.

“sveli” tipis daxrCoba“sveli” tipis daxrCoba“sveli” tipis daxrCoba“sveli” tipis daxrCoba - viTardeba maSin, rodesac sasunTq gzebsa da filtvebSi

xvdeba didi raodenobiT siTxe, wyali. rogorc wesi, es xdeba im damianebSi, romlebic

bolo wuTebamde ibrZvian sicocxlisaTvis. gvxvdeba SemTxvevaTa daaxloebiT 20% -Si.

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“mSrali” tipis daxrCoba“mSrali” tipis daxrCoba“mSrali” tipis daxrCoba“mSrali” tipis daxrCoba - viTardeba maSin, rodesac xdeba saxmo iogebis Zlieri

spazmi wylis dabali temperaturis zemoqmedebiT. da wyali ar xvdeba sasunT gzebSi.

SemTxvevaTa 35 % axasiaTebs.

““““sinkopaluri” tipis daxrCobasinkopaluri” tipis daxrCobasinkopaluri” tipis daxrCobasinkopaluri” tipis daxrCoba” - xdeba gulis refleqtoruli gaCerebis Sedegad,

sisxlZarRvebis spazmis gamo. aseT SemTxvevaSi dazaralebuli, maleve iZireba fskerze.

dazaralebulTa 10% - Si gvxvdeba.

daxrCobis Sereuli formadaxrCobis Sereuli formadaxrCobis Sereuli formadaxrCobis Sereuli forma - daxrCobis tipi, romelsac axasiaTebs rogorc “sveli”

aseve “mSrali” tipi. gvxvdeba SemTxvevaTa 20%- Si.

aucilebelia imis gaTvaliswineba, rom damxrCvali adamianis sikvdili SeiZleba iyos

sxva mizezebis gamo (gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistemis daavadebebi da travmis SemTxvevebi).

daxrCobis daxrCobis daxrCobis daxrCobis meqanizmi, SemdegSi mdgomareobs:meqanizmi, SemdegSi mdgomareobs:meqanizmi, SemdegSi mdgomareobs:meqanizmi, SemdegSi mdgomareobs: adamiani, romelmac ar icis curva da

moxvdeba wyalSi akeTebs Rrma CasunTqvebs, sicocxlisaTvis brZolaSi. Sedegad ki

wylis garkveuli raodenoba filtvebSi xvdeba.

• dazaralebuli kargavs gonebas. adamianis sxeuli moTavsebulia wyalSi.

• moZraobs da wyali gadadis sasunTq gzebSi, filtvebi etapobrivad ivseba

wyliT,

• SeiZleba sxeulis muskulaturis krunCxvebi;

• garkveuli drois Semdeg xdeba gulis gaCereba;

• ar xdeba qsovilebis adeqvaturi perfuzia. mimdinareobs Seuqcevadi

procesebi Tavis tvins qerqSi;

• organizms sWirdeba meti Jangbadi vidre miewodeba, Rrmavdeba hipoqsia;

• terminaluri mdgomareoba.

daxrCobis meqanizmidaxrCobis meqanizmidaxrCobis meqanizmidaxrCobis meqanizmi

mtknar wyalSimtknar wyalSimtknar wyalSimtknar wyalSi - daxrCobisas xdeba sisxlis ganzaveba. es aixsneba filtvebidan

sisxlSi didi raodenobiT wylis gadasvliT. mimdinareobs osmolarobis principis

Tanaxmad, mtknari wylisa da sisxlis plazmas Soris NaCl gradientis arsebobis gamo.

Sedegad mtknari wyali gadmodis sisxlis mimoqcevis sistemaSi. mocirkulire sisxlis

gazrdisa da ganzavebis Sedegad guls ar Seswevs Zala gadatumbos didi raodenobiT

siTxe. rac iwvevs gulis gaCerebas.

• sisxlis ganzaveba mtknari wyliT, osmolarobis principi;

• mtknari wyali hipotonuria, sisxlis plazmasTan SedarebiT;

181

• eriTrocitebis gajirjveba, hemolizi;

• kaliumis koncentraciis momateba sisxlis plazmaSi;

• sisxlis qimiuri SemadgenlobisAcvlileba.

• arteriuli da venuri wnevis momateba;

• gulis tumbos funqciis darRveva;

• sisxlidan alveolebSi gadadis nivTierebebi, romlebic warmoqmnian qafs;

• Jangbadoani SimSili, hipoqsiis gaRrmaveba;

• filtvebis SeSupeba.

zRvzRvzRvzRvis wyalSiis wyalSiis wyalSiis wyalSi ---- daxrCobis SemTxevavSi ki sawinaaRmdego procesi mimdinareobs.

sisxlis Sesqeleba, hemokoncentracia. rac aseve osmolarobis principiTaa

ganpirobebuli, am SemTxvevaSi zRvis wyali metad koncentrirebulia (Warbi

marilianobis gamo) vidre sisxlis plazma (0,9% NaCl). Sedegad sisxlis plazmidan

siTxe gadis organizmis gareT. funqcia dakarguli sisxli veRar asrulebs

qsovilebis adeqvatur oqsigenacias.

• sisxlis konsistenciis momateba;

• siTxis filtrireba kapilarebidan filtvis alveolebSi;

• zRvis wyli metad hipertonulia, vidre sisxlis plazma;

• hipoqsiis gaRrmaveba;

• filtvebis SeSupeba an SeWmuxvna;

• gulis muSaobis darRveva.

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paTofiziologiuri sqemapaTofiziologiuri sqemapaTofiziologiuri sqemapaTofiziologiuri sqema


damxrCvali adamianis gadarCena SesaZlebelia pirveli 3-6 wuTis ganmavlobaSi.

magram iSviaT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac daxrCoba xdeba civ wylebSi, SesaZlebelia

efeqturi dro 20-30 wuTamde gaxangZlivdes.

sasamarTlo medicinis praqtikaSi

dafiqsirebulia SemTxveva, rodesac 25-30

wuTis, wyalSi CaZirul bavSvs

reanimaciuli Carevis Sedegad daubrunes

sicocxle.

metad mniSvnelovani momentia pirveladi

daxmarebis aRmoCenis dros sakuTari Tavis

usafrTxoebis dacva. Tu ar xarT

darwmunebuli imaSi, rom dazaralebuls

daxmarebas aRmouCenT nu SeecdebiT amas.

SegiZliaT dauZaxoT sxvas, vinc daexmareba

dazaralebuls an Tu dazaralebuli

napirTan axlosaa, sxvadasxva saSualebiT moaxdinoT daxmareba: Toki, samaSvelo

gasaberi kamera an Tundac grZeli joxi. adamians, romelic ixrCoba, sasurvelia

miuaxlovdeT zurgis mxridan. unda gaxsovdeT, rom dazaralebuls Zlier aqvs

gamZafrebuli gadarCenis instiqti. amitom, rodesc miuaxlovdebiT, cdilobs

mogeWidoT da fskerze CagiSvaT, raTa TviTon amovides zemoT da CaisunTqos. am

183

SemTxvevaSi nu daibneviT, CaisunTqeT haeri da CayvinTeT wyalSi. dazaralebuli

maSinve gagiSvebT xels. Tu dazaralebuli ugono mdgomareobaSia, saWiroa adgilzeve

piriT – pirSi 2-3 Caberva ganaxorcieloT. Semdeg daiwvinoT mklavze, ise, rom saxiT

zemoT iyos. es daicavs mas damateebiTi wylis gadasvlisgan sasunTq gzebSi. swrafad

moxdeT napirze gayvana.

pirveladi daxmareba gulisxmobs dazaralebulis wylidan droul amoyvanas, Semdgom

saWiroa sasicocxlo niSnebis Sefasebas da Sesabamisi daxmarebis gawevas.

“lurji” tipis daxrCoba“lurji” tipis daxrCoba“lurji” tipis daxrCoba“lurji” tipis daxrCoba : wylidan amoyvanis Semdeg droulad unda Sefasdes ABC.

pirvel rigSi unda moxdes wylis gamodevna sasunTqi gzebidan. bavSvebis SemTxvevaSi

dazaralebuls iWeren fexebiT zemoT, xolo zrdasrulebis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa

barZayze gadawvena am dros dazaralebuli mucliT eyrdnoba Tqvens barZays. mkerdis

areSi, ukana mxridan axorcielebT energiul zewolebs 20-30 wamis ganmavlobaSi.

Semdgom unda daTvalierdes piris Rru, moxdes qviSisa da wyalmcenareebis gamodevna.

Semdgom amowmebT enis ZiriT xaxis rkalis refleqss. Tu warmoiSva gulisrevis

refleqsi, eseigi dazaralebuli ar saWiroebs damatebiT RonisZiebebs. Tu ar aris

refleqsi saWiroa reanimaciuli RonisZiebebis Catareba CPR. dazaralebulis gonze

mosvlis SemTxvevaSi daawvineT gverdze, ar moxdes sasunTq gzebSi, wyali da amonaRebi

masebi. daaTbuneT da droulad moaxdineT hospitalizacia.

“mSrali” tipis daxrCoba:“mSrali” tipis daxrCoba:“mSrali” tipis daxrCoba:“mSrali” tipis daxrCoba: am SemTxvevaSi nu dakargavT dros sasunTqi gzebidan wylis

gamodevnaze. radgan daxrCobis meqanizmidan gamomdinare sasunT gzebSi wyali araa.

droulad SeafaseT dazaralebulis sasicocxlo niSnebi ABC da saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi moaxdineT reanimaciuli RonisZiebebis Catareba. Tu dazaralebuli gonzea,

daaTbuneneT da moaxdineT drouli hospitalizacia.

ZaRlis nakbeniZaRlis nakbeniZaRlis nakbeniZaRlis nakbeni

arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad dadginda, rom ZaRli jer kidev

didi xnis win binadrobda dedamiwaze, misi asaki 13.000 - 15.000 wliT

TariRdeba. igi adamianma moiSinaura da TiTqmis 8.000 - 10.000 welia,

rac adamianTan megobrobs da daxmarebas uwevs. ZaRls, rogorc

yvela ZaRlisebrTa ojaxis warmomadgenels, kargad aqvs

ganviTarebuli mWrelebi da eSvebi. SeuZlia msxverpls seriozuli

Wrilobebi miayenos. garda imisa, rom adamiani SeiZleba fizikurad

dasaxiCrdes da fsiqologiuri stresi miiRos, arsebobs kidev, uxilavi safrTxe.

romelic xSirad daudevrobis gamo letalobis mizezi xdeba. cofi aris virusuli

daavadeba, romelic farTod aris gavrcelebuli, ZaRlisebrTa ojaxis

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warmomadgenlebSi, mRrnelebSi. cofiT daavadebuli cxovelis mier adamianis dakbenis

Sedegad infeqcia xvdeba organizmSi, romelic profilaqtikuri acris gareSe,

SemTxveveTa 100% - Si letalobiT xasiaTdeba.

coficoficoficofi

cofi anu hidrofobiacofi anu hidrofobiacofi anu hidrofobiacofi anu hidrofobia - moZvelebuli saxelwodebaa. Tanamedrove (laT: Rabies - sigiJe)

mwvaved mimdinare infeqciuri daavadebaa. infeqciis gamomwvevia, neirotropuli virusi,

romelic azianebs centralur nevrul sisstemas. igi miekuTvneba rabdovirusebis

ojaxs, (Rhabdoviridae) da lisavirusebis gvars

(Lyssavirus). daavadebis sabolo gamosavals

maRali letaloba Seadgens. imisaTvis, rom

ar miviRoT mZime SemeTxvevebi, saWiroa antirabiuli acris drouli Catareba. cofi

klinikurad gamovlineba im SemTxvevaSi Tu, ZaRli, romelmac dakbina adamiani

dainficirebuli iyo cofiT da dazaralebulma ar Caitara Sesabamisi antirabiuli

acra.

istoriuli cnobebiistoriuli cnobebiistoriuli cnobebiistoriuli cnobebi

ZaRlis cofiT daavadebas uxsovari droidan icnobs kacobrioba. Cv.wT.aR I saukuneSi,

k. celsma aRwera cofis klinika da daavadebas hidrofobia hidrofobia hidrofobia hidrofobia uwoda. romelic

akvirdeboda, rom daavadebul adamians, wylis xmis gagonebis

eSinoda, iwvevda masSi diskomforts. 1770 wels van svitenma

pirvelma aRwera cofis paralizuri forma.

1884 cinkem daadastura daavadebis, cxovelis nerwyviT gadatanis

SesaZlebloba. 1892 wels v. baboSma da 1903 wels a. negrim

Seiswavles cofiT daRupuli adamianis nervuli qsovili da

masSi citoplazmuri CanarTebi aRmoaCines, rasac SemdgomSi babeS-negris sxeulakebi

ewoda. cofis Seswavlasa da mis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis frang

eqims, lui pasters, romelmac istoriaSi, pirvelad cofis sawinaaRmdego warmatebuli

acra Caatara 1885 wels.

185

inficirebainficirebainficirebainficireba

cofi farTodaa gavrcelebulia ZuZumwovarTa Soris. am mxriv adamianisTvis

gansakuTrebiT saSiSia: Ramurebi, virTxebi, ZaRlebi, katebi da sxva mRrnelebi. cofis

virusi adamianis organizmSi SeiZleba moxvdes daavadebuli cxovelis nerwyvidan ara

mxolod TvaliT SesamCnevi Wrilobebidan (nakbeni, nakawri) danerwyvisas, aramed

dauzianebeli kanidanac. cofiT daavadebuli cxoveli gansakuTrebiT agresiulia.

axasiaTebs Zlieri salivacia. SeiZleba umizezod Tavs daesxas adamians da dakbinos.

iSviTia adamianebs Soris urTierTdainficireba. cofiT daavadebuli adamianis

nerwyviT, dazianebuli kanis safarvelidan SeiZleba SeiWras msxverplis organizmSi.

gansakuTrebiT saSiSia, sxeulis zeda naxevarSi dakbena. kiseri, gulmkerdi, Tavi.

inkubaciuri periodiinkubaciuri periodiinkubaciuri periodiinkubaciuri periodi

cofiT dainficirebuli ZaRlis mier dakbenis Semdeg, virusi aRwevs adamianis

organizmSi, kerZod periferiul nervul sistemaSi da periferiul nervebs miyveba

centraluri nervuli sistemisaken. inkubaciur periodSi virusis mikroskopuli

aRmoCena rTulia. inkubacia grZeldeba saSualod ori kviridan or Tvemde. arsebobs

iSviaTi klinikuri gamovlinebebic, SeiZleba gagrZeldes naxevari weli da meti.

klinikuri mimdinareobaklinikuri mimdinareobaklinikuri mimdinareobaklinikuri mimdinareoba

daavadebis klinikur mimdinareoba xasiaTdeba 3 formiT:

• virusis SeWra centralur nervul sistemaSi:virusis SeWra centralur nervul sistemaSi:virusis SeWra centralur nervul sistemaSi:virusis SeWra centralur nervul sistemaSi:

grZeldeba 1-3 dRe. damaxasiaTebelia mcired momatebuli temperatura: 37-370C .pacienti

agznebulia, damaxasiaTebelia uZiloba. tkivili nakben areSi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi

rCeba, SemTxveveTa 50 - 80%-Si.

• agznebis stadia:agznebis stadia:agznebis stadia:agznebis stadia:

agznebis stadia grZeldeba 4-7 dRe. momatebulia analizatorebis mgrZnobeloba garemo

pirobebis gamRizianebel faqtorebze. xmauri, Zlieri tonalobis bgerebi, mkvTri

ganaTeba, wylis xma. am dros pacienti xdeba agresiuli. SeiZleba daewyos konvulsiebi.

damaxasiaTbelia halucinaciebi (mxedvelobiTi, smeniTi), bodva.

• paralizis stadia: paralizis stadia: paralizis stadia: paralizis stadia:

grZeldeba 2-3 dRis ganmavlobaSi, axasiaTebs Tvalis mamoZravebeli kunTebisa da qveda

kidurebis parezi. SeuZlebeli xdeba spontanuri sunTqva, rasac Tan erTvis gulis

muSaobis darRveva. pacienti gadayavT marTvad sunTqvaze. ris Semdegac maleve dgeba

letaluri gamosavali.

186

daavadebis mimdinareoba moicavs, pirveli klinikuri daavadebis mimdinareoba moicavs, pirveli klinikuri daavadebis mimdinareoba moicavs, pirveli klinikuri daavadebis mimdinareoba moicavs, pirveli klinikuri

gamovlinebidan 10gamovlinebidan 10gamovlinebidan 10gamovlinebidan 10----12 dRes.12 dRes.12 dRes.12 dRes.


ZaRlis dakbenis SemTxvevaSi, prehospitalur etapze

aucilebelia dazianeb uli aris Camobana sarecxi sapniTa

da Tbili wyliT, 15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi. Semdeg

SeamSraleT Wriloba da daadeT steriluri naxvevi. Tu

Wrilobidan gamodismcire raodenobiT sisixli, daacadeT,

radgan “gamorecxavs” Wrilobas virusebisagan. Semdeg

moaxdineT dazaralebulis drouli hospitalizacia. nu

daagvianebT antirabiuli acris Catarebas, radgan

SeiZleba savalalo SedegiT dasruldes.

morielis gavrcelebamorielis gavrcelebamorielis gavrcelebamorielis gavrceleba

morieli miekuTvneba fexsasrianTa ojaxs. msoflioSi gavrcelebulia 1500 saxeoba,

romelTa Soris mxolod 50 saxeoba gamoirCeva momakvdinebeli nakbeniT. saqarTveloSi

gavrcelebulia dasavleTSi, megruli morielis saxeoba. romlis nakbenic araa

momakvdinebeli. moriels sxeulis boloze, kudze, aqvs

nestari. morieli xSirad aRwevs adamianebis sacxovrebel

adgilebSi. SeiZleba CaZrvres fexsacmelSi, tansacmelSi.

adamians Tavs esxmis mxolod Tavdacvis mizniT. igi Ramis

monadirea, mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi ki Tavs afarebs

napralebs, buCqnar adgilebsa da kldis

napralebs.

morielis nakbenimorielis nakbenimorielis nakbenimorielis nakbeni

moriels kudis boloze aqvs nestari, romelic sadinariT

ukavSirdeba jirkvals, sadac toqsinis gmaomuSaveba xdeba.

romelic ukavSirdevba sadinariT jirkvals. Sxamiani morielis

SemTxvevaSi, neirotoqsini. nakbeni adgilisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia

Zlieri tkivili, paresTezia. romelic qinZisTavis Cxvletas waagavs. siwiTle, SeSup eba.

SeiZleba warmoiqmnas bulebi, romelic savsea serozuli siTxiT. damaxasiaTebelia:

gulisrevis SegrZneba, pirRebineba, Semcivneba, Tavis tkivili, Tavbruxveva, Zilianoba.

dakbenis Semdeg, 15-30 wuTSi, SesaZlebelia gamovliindes konvulsiebi, Zlieri qoSini,

187

arteriuli wneva dasawyisSi imatebs, Semdgom mkveTrad ecema. dakbenidan 1-2 saaTis

Semdeg Tavs iCens nevrologiuri simptomatika: mousvenroba, momatebuli agznebadoba.

damaxasiaTebelia hiperrefleqsia, romelic maleve gadadis komaSi. kateqolaminebis

gamonTavisuflebam SeiZleba Taqikardia gamoiwvios. zogierT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba

ganviTardes miokarditi an pankreatiti. letaluri gamosavali dgeba 12 – 48 saaTSi,

sunTqvis centris paralizis gamo.


morielis mier dakbenis SemTxveveSi saWiroa, adgilobrivad civebis dadeba, kiduris

imobilizacia. drouli gadayvana klinikaSi. morielis dakbenis umetesoba ar aris

momakvdinebeli. iwvevs Zlier tkivils nakbenis areSi da reaqcias, romelic futkris

nakbenisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi:

• morielis dakbenis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa Wrilobis Camobana sapniTa da wyliT

an kaliumis permanganatis 1% wyalxsnariT;

• dazaralebuli unda iyos mosvenebul, horizontalur mdgomareobaSi;

• ar misceT alkoholi;

• nu SeecdebiT Sxamis piriT gamowovas;

• Tu SesaZlebelia, moaTavseT morieli konteinerSi da Tan waiReT klinikaSi.

dagexmarebaT mkurnalobis sworad marTvaSi;

• gamoiyeneT civi safenebi;

• ar misceT dazaralebuls arasteroiduli jgufis tkivilgamayuCeblebi;

• droulad gadaiyvaneT klinikaSi.

gvelis nakbenigvelis nakbenigvelis nakbenigvelis nakbeni

Cvens planetaze gvelis 2700 saxeoba binadorbs, amaTgan

saqarTveloSi 22 saxeobaa gavrcelebuli. CvenSi gavrcelebul

Sxamian gvelebs miekuTvneba: yvelaze Sxamiani, giurza, Semdeg

kavkasiuri gvelgesla da katisTvala gvelgesla, romelic kavkasiuri gvelgeslas

qvesaxeobaa.

giurza sanadirod umTavresad Rame gamodis. Tumca zafxulis TveebSi dRisiTac

SeiZleba SexvdeT. giurzas Zlieri moqmdebis toqsini aqvs, romelic neirotoqsiuri

188

moqmedebiT xasiaTdeba. gvelis Sxami rTuli agebulebis kompleqsur naerTs

warmoadgens, romelic Seicavs fermentebs, polipeptidebsa da cilovan komponentebs. G

toqsinebis klasifikaciatoqsinebis klasifikaciatoqsinebis klasifikaciatoqsinebis klasifikacia

gvelis Sxami Seicavs sami tipis toqsins:

neirotoqsinineirotoqsinineirotoqsinineirotoqsini - moqmedebs centralur nervul

sistemaze da sasunTqi kunTebisa da gulis kunTis

paralizebas axdens. Sedegad iwvevs letalobas.

hemotoqsinihemotoqsinihemotoqsinihemotoqsini - xasiaTdeba sisxlSi arsebul

eriTrocitebze zemoqmedebiT. iwvevs maT

struqturul rRvevas da hemoliziss. toqsinis

struqturis ZiriTad substrats fermentebi

warmoadgens.

citotoqsinicitotoqsinicitotoqsinicitotoqsini – fermentebis aqtiuri kompleqsia.

xasiaTdeba qsovilebze zemoqmedebiT, kani, kunTovani qsovili. arRvevs ujredebis

struqturas da iwvevs qsovilebis galxobas.

karkarkarkardiotoqsini diotoqsini diotoqsini diotoqsini –––– zogierTi serpetologis azriT, am tipis toqsiniT aris

“SeiaraRebuli” kobrebis umetesoba, zemoqmedebs gulis kunTis inervaciaze da icvevs

mis swraf paralizs.

G gvelis dakbenis simptomatikaG gvelis dakbenis simptomatikaG gvelis dakbenis simptomatikaG gvelis dakbenis simptomatika

Sxamiani gvelis nakbenisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia kanis zedapirze ori msxvili

naCxvleti. xolo araSxamiani gvelis mier dakbenis SemTxvevaSi, or rigad ganlagebuli

wvrili naCxvletebi. dakbenidan, maleve, dazaralebuls ewyeba tkivili da wva nakben

areSi. progresirebs SewiTleba, SeSupeba. SeiZleba iyos eqqimozi. 30-40 wuTis Semdeg

viTardeba gulisrevis SegrZneba, pirRebineba, konvulsiebi, cnobierebis dabindva,

mniSvnelovania Semdegi faqtorebi: sadaa lokalizebuli nakbeni, msxverplis sqesi da

asaki, dazaralebulis zogad mdgomareobaze. gasaTvaliswinebeli faqtorebi:

• nakbeni aris Zlieri tkivili.

• sisxlCaqcevebi.

• konvulsiebi, asfiqsia.

• mxedvelobisa da gonebis dabindva.


pirveladi daxmareba gulisxmobs nakbeni kiduris imobilizacias da droul

transportirebas. Tu dazaralebuli imyofeba samedicino dawesebulebidan 3- 4

saaTis saval gzaze. imobilizacia uzrunvelyofs toqsinis gadaadgilebis

189

Senelebas. dadgenilia, rom toqsini organizmSi ZiriTadad vrceldeba limfuri

gziT da ara sislZarRvebiT. Tu

dazaralebuli iqneba umoZrao

mdgomareobaSi limfa ar gadaadgildeba

periferiidan centrisaken. gvelis mier

dakbenili dazaralebuli aucileblad

horizontalur mdgomareobaSi unda iyos

transportirebisas.Ddazaralebulis

jdomiT pozaSi yofna da siaruli

dauSvebelia. radgan es aCqarebs toqsinis

aqtiur gadaadgilebas centrisaken.

nakben adgilze droulad unda daedos

damwoli naxvevi. nakbeni aridan 5

santimetriT zemoT, centrisaken. Tu nakbeni lokalizebulia qveda kidurze

SeiZleba imobilizacia moxdes meore kidurze, Tu zeda kidurzea, kiduri unda

dafiqsirdes, idayvis saxsarSi moxril mdgomareobaSi. dazaralebulma unda

miiRos didi raodenobiT wyali, Cai. dauSvebelia laxtis dadeba, radgan aferxebs

nivTierebaTa cvlas. Sedegad ki Zlierdeba qsovilebis nekrozi.

nakbeni adgilis Termuli mowva araefeqturia. radgan Sxamiani gvelis kbilebi

qsovilSi ufro Rrmad aRwevs. xolo damwari ubnis qveS ki Cqardeba qsovilebis

danekrozeba. ar daseroT kani, ar gamowovoT Sxami piriT. ar gamoiyenoT

WrilobaSi SesaSvebad mJave da tute bunebis siTxeebi, toqsinis ganeitralebis

mizniT. yvela es aratradiciuli meTodi mxolod arTulebs dazaralebulis

zogad mdgomareobasa da nakben areSi cirkulacias. yvelaze efeqtur saSualebas

warmoadgens SxamsawinaaRmdego Sratis Seyvana. sasurvelia Tu gaakeTebT

dakbenidan araugvianes naxevar saaTSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom Srati gamoiyeneba

ZiriTadad giurzas, kobras, efas da Cxrialas nakbenis dros. SedarebiT naklebad

Sxamiani gvelebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba arc iqnas gamoyenebuli.

dauSvebelia dakbenilisaTvis alkoholis micema, romelic arTulebs

dazaralebulis klinikur mimdinareobas.

190

Tema #12 sxvadasxvsxvadasxvsxvadasxvsxvadasxva garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT a garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT a garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT a garegani faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT

gamowveuli dazianebebigamowveuli dazianebebigamowveuli dazianebebigamowveuli dazianebebi

temperaturis zemoqmedebatemperaturis zemoqmedebatemperaturis zemoqmedebatemperaturis zemoqmedeba

hiperTermia/hipoTermiahiperTermia/hipoTermiahiperTermia/hipoTermiahiperTermia/hipoTermia

sxeulis temperaturaSi misi siTburi

mdgomareoba da gaTbobis done moiazreba. adamiani

homoioTermuli arsebaa, romlis ZiriTadi

maxasiaTebelia – garemomcveli temperaturisagan

damoukideblad, siTbos warmoqmnasa da gacemas

Soris gawonasworebis Sedegad, sxeulis

temperaturis regulacia. rasac organizmSi siTbos

mTavari regulatori – hipoTalamusi aregulirebs.

sxeulis normaluri temperatura mkacrad aris

gansazRvruli. Cveulebriv is 36,5-dan 37,20C–mde

meryeobs. dRe – Ramis ganmavlobaSi 0,5 - 10 C-iT icvleba, maqsimalur mniSvnelobas

saRamos 16 – 18 saaTze aRwevs, minimalurs ki naSuaRamevs 3 – 4 sT. (Ramis cvlaSi

momuSaveebs – piriqiT). 280C-ze dabali da 420C-ze marali temperatura

kritikulad miiCneva.

arsebobs eqstremaluri situaciebi, rodesac sxeulis temperatura normaze

gacilebiT maRla iwevs an piriqiT ecema, viTardeba hiper - an hipo-Termia

hiperTermia hiperTermia hiperTermia hiperTermia

hiperTermia - organizmis gadaxurebas niSnavs, rac siTbos warmoqmnasa da

gacemas Soris wonasworobis darRvevis Sedegia. aRniSnuli SeiZleba sami mizezis

gamo ganviTardes:

1. normaluri reaqcia fizikur datvirTvaze;

2. cxeleba;

3. warmoqmnili siTbos da garemodan SeZenili siTbos jami aRemateba sxeulis

mier siTbos gafantvas;

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sxeulis zogadi temperatura mniSvnelovnad matulobs

organizmze maRali temperaturis zemoqmedebis Sedegad da amavdroulad

warmoqmnili siTbos da garemodan SeZenili siTbos jami aRemateba sxeulis mier

siTbos gafantvas, adamianis sicocxles SeiZleba safrTxe Seeqmnas, vinaidan

viTardeba:

191

• siTbosTan dakavSirebuli umniSvnelo darRvevebi: siTburi gamonayari,

siTburi SeSupeba, siTburi tetania,

siTburi krunCxva, siTburi sinkope;

• siTbosTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani darRvevebi: datvirTvasTan

dakavSirebuli kolafsi, siTburi

daRla, siTburi dartyma, mzis dartyma;

cxrili: siTbosTan dakavSirebuli umniSvnelo da mniSvnelovani darRvevebi

siTbosTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebisiTbosTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebisiTbosTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebisiTbosTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebi umniSvnelo umniSvnelo umniSvnelo umniSvnelo

mdgomareobamdgomareobamdgomareobamdgomareoba klinikuri gamoxatulebaklinikuri gamoxatulebaklinikuri gamoxatulebaklinikuri gamoxatuleba siTburi gamonayari siTburi gamonayari siTburi gamonayari siTburi gamonayari wiTeli papularuli gamonayari, qavili;

siTburi SeSupeba siTburi SeSupeba siTburi SeSupeba siTburi SeSupeba susti SeSupeba xelebSi, terfebsa da koW-wvivis areSi

siTburi tetaniasiTburi tetaniasiTburi tetaniasiTburi tetania tetania

siTburisiTburisiTburisiTburi

krunCxvakrunCxvakrunCxvakrunCxva ((((კრამპიკრამპიკრამპიკრამპი))))

xanmokle mtikvneuli SekumSva qveda kidurebis da muclis kunTebis

siTburi sinkopesiTburi sinkopesiTburi sinkopesiTburi sinkope sisuste, Tabusxveva da gonebis dakargva

mniSvnelovani mniSvnelovani mniSvnelovani mniSvnelovani

datvirTvasTan datvirTvasTan datvirTvasTan datvirTvasTan dakavSirebuli dakavSirebuli dakavSirebuli dakavSirebuli

kolafsikolafsikolafsikolafsi

gulisreva, Tabrusxveva, kolafsi an sinkope, pacienti ukeTaa rodesac wevs da rodesac wamojdomas cdilobs Tabrusxveva ewyeba

siTburi daRla siTburi daRla siTburi daRla siTburi daRla

Zlieri wyurvilis grZnoba, qoSini, sisuste, Tabusxveva, gonebis dakargva, xmauri yurebSi, kani – hiperemiuli, Tavis tkivili Sublis areSi, Rebineba, Zilianoba, eiforia, apaTia, daRliloba, T momateba, pacienti ukeTaa rodesac wevs da rodesac wamojdomas cdilobs Tabrusxveva ewyeba.

siTburi dartymasiTburi dartymasiTburi dartymasiTburi dartyma

Zlieri Tavis tkivili, Tabusxveva, gonebis dakargva; mSrali, cxeli hiperemiuli kani, Cqari zedapiruli sunTqva; P Cqari, susti; gulyra; Tvalebis dabindva; krunCxva; t 38-40 0C;

mzis dartymamzis dartymamzis dartymamzis dartyma

Zlieri Tavis tkivili, kani – hiperemiuli; cxviridan sisxldena; P gaxSireba an Seneleba; garemoSi orientirebis droebiT dakargva; T momateba; gonebis dabindva/dakargva; SesaZlebelia Tanxvedra kanis dazianebasTan – damwvroba;

hiperTermiis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi faqtorebi

� garemos maRali temperatura;

� garemos momatebuli tenianoba;

� aqtiuri fizikuri datvirTva;

� asaki – bavSvi da moxuci;

gansakuTrebiT riskis qveS myofebi

� axalSobilebi, bavSvebi da

moxucebi;

� pirebi gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistemis

paTologiiT;

� pirebi endokrinuli da

nevrologiuri darRvevebiT;

� pirebi romlebic iReben zogierT

medikaments. mag: fenoTiazini,

barbituratebi, diuretikebi;

192

� pirebi Warbi woniT;

� pirebi romelTac muSaoba uwevT

araventilirebul garemoSi;

� alkoholis Warbad momxmareblebi

hiperTermiis klinikuri gamovlineba

• sxeulis temperaturis momateba

(400 C-mde);

• xSiri da susti pulsi;

• xSiri, zedapiruli sunTqva;

• agzneba,

• krunCxva,

• saerTo sisuste,

• Zilianoba,

• mZime SemTxvevaSi cnobierebis

dabindva da gonebis dakargva;

• umadoba,

• gulisreva/Rebineba;

• Tavis tkivili,

• mkrTali an mowiTale feris kani,

• namiani an mSrali, cxeli kani,

• Zlieri oflianoba

pirveli daxmareba hiperTermiis dros

a. Tu dazaralebuli gonzea

• swrafad gadaiyvaneT dazaralebuli gril adgilas;

• SeuxseniT tansacmeli;

• daawvineT zurgze da auwieT fexebi;

• daiwyeT dazaralebulis gagrileba: Tu

aris amis saSualeba moaTavseT

dazaralebulis garSemo ventilatori an

SeaxvieT is svel qsovilSi, periodulad

qsovili daasveleT.

• mieciT dazaralebuls civi wyali

dasalevad;

• droulad gamoiZaxeT gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis samsaxuri;

ბ. Tu dazaralebuli ugonodaa

• swrafad gadaiyvaneT dazaralebuli gril adgilas;

• gaxseniT sasunTqi gzebi, SeamowmeT sunTqva da cirkulaciis niSnebi;

• Tu cirkulaciis niSnebi da sunTqva aris, gadagvyavs usafrTxo mdebareobaSi

da daiwyeT gagrilebas;

193

• Tu sunTqva da cirkulaciis niSnebi ar aris daiwyeT gul – filtvis

reanimacia;

rekomendacia

garemos eqstremalurad maRali temperaturis pirobebSi janmrTelobis dasacavad

mniSvnelovania gaiTvaliswinoT Semdegi rekomendaciebi:

1. miiReT didi raodenobiT siTxe magram arazedmetad civi (gayinuli) wyali;

2. SezRudeT alkoholi da zedmetad tkbili sasmelis miReba;

3. ramdenadme gazardeT marilisa da mineralebis moxmareba.

4. atareT zafxulis Sesaferisi naWris samoseli.

5. cxel, mzian dReebSi daicაvიT Tavi TavsaburiT gadaxurebisagan.

6. gamoiCineT sifrTxile cxel garemoSi muSaobisas

7. SeecadeT, iyoT gril garemoSi an garemoSi romlis kondicireba xdeba.

8. garemoSi aqtivobisTvis SearCieT dro. ecadeT, Tqveni garemoSi aqtiuroba

moxdes diliT adre an saRamos.

9. ar datovoT bavSvebi da moxucebi manqanaSi umeTvalyureod;

gaxsovdeT !

• asaki – bavSvebSi da moxucebSi hiperTermia ufro swrafad da advilad

viTardeba;

• hiperTermiis pirvelive niSnebis ignorireba dauSvebelia, gansakuTrebiT Tu

dazaralebuli bavSvi, xandazmuli an tramvirebulia;

• ar misceT dazaralebuls sicxis damwevi saSualeba;

• ar SeiZleba sxeulis alkoholiT dazelva;

• ar SeiZleba dazaralebulisaTvis alkoholis an kofeinis Semcveli siTxis

miwodeba;

• hiperTermiis dros Tqveni ZiriTadi mizania – daaqveiToT sxeulis

temperatura da droulad gamoiZaxoT samedicino daxmarebis samsaxuri;

hipoTermiahipoTermiahipoTermiahipoTermia

hipoTermiaze miuTiTeben maSin, rodesac sxeulis temperatura qveiTdeba 350C –mde

da ufro metad. is ufro advilad viTrdeba bavSvebsa da moxucebSi.

hipoTermiis mizezebi

• dekompensirebuli qronikuli

daavadebebi;

• hipoTireozi;

• Tirlmelzedas dazianeba;

• medikamentebis didi doziT miReba;

• gadaRla;

• gadatanili virusuli an

baqteriuli infeqciebi;

194

• orsuloba;

• faruli sisxldena

• fizikuri gadacieba

adamianis organizmze dabali temperaturis zemoqmedebisas viTardeba gadacieba anu

hipoTermia.

hipoTermiis klinikuri gamovlineba

• kankali;

• SexebiT civi, mkrTali, mSrali kani;

• Zilianoba;

• saerTo sisuste;

• cnobierebis dabindva;

• mZime SemTxvevaSi ugono

mdgomareoba;

• iSviaTi, zerele sunTqva;

• iSviaTi, susti pulsi;

• mZime SemTxvevebSi – gulis

gaCereba;

hipoTermiis gadatanis Semdgomi periodi moiTxovs yuradRebas. vinaidan, is

organizmisTvis ukvalod ar Caivlis. iqmneba mwvave respiratoruli daavadebebis,

Tavis tvinsa sisxlZarRvebSi paTologiuri cvlilebebis ganviTarebisa da

gamovlenis xelsayreli pirobebi.

hipoTermiiT gamowveuli darRvevebi moicavs

sicivesTan dakavSirebuli umniSvnelo darRvevebi:

� kontaqturi siciviT dazianeba, e.w.„yinvis

Cqmeta“, sicivis urtikaria, moyinva, solaruli

keratiti

sicivesTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani darRvevebi

� aragayinvadi da gayinvadi siciviT dazianeba,

SemTxveviTi pirvelad da meoradi hipoTermia,

imersiuli hipoTermaia.

cxrili: sicivesTan dakavSirebuli umniSvnelo da mniSvnelovani darRvevebi

sicivesTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebisicivesTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebisicivesTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebisicivesTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebi umniSvnelo umniSvnelo umniSvnelo umniSvnelo

klinikuri gamoxatulebaklinikuri gamoxatulebaklinikuri gamoxatulebaklinikuri gamoxatuleba

kontaqturi siciviT kontaqturi siciviT kontaqturi siciviT kontaqturi siciviT dazianebadazianebadazianebadazianeba

adgilobrivi siciviT damwvroba

ეეეე....წწწწ. „. „. „. „yinvis Cqmetayinvis Cqmetayinvis Cqmetayinvis Cqmeta““““

moyinvis winamorbedi periodi, iwvevs lokalizebul qsovilSi kanis Seqcevad gaTeTreba da dabuJebas. tipiurad vxvdebiT: saxeze, yurebze;

195

sicivis urtikariasicivis urtikariasicivis urtikariasicivis urtikaria

quCaSi gasvlidan garkveuli xnis Semdeg kani xdeba hiperemiuli, iwyeba qavili, vizualurad gavs WinWris danasusxs. metwilad zaraldeba sxeulis Semdegi nawilebi: saxe, xelis mtavani, barZayis Sida zedapiri, muxlebi, terfebi.

moyinvamoyinvamoyinvamoyinva ixile - moyinva

solaruli solaruli solaruli solaruli keratitikeratitikeratitikeratiti

cremldena, Tvalebis tkivili, siwiTle, quTuToebis SeSupeba, sinaTlis Sexedvisas Tvalebis tkivili, TvalebSi qviSis SegrZneba. mxedvelobis daqviTeba.

mniSvnelovani mniSvnelovani mniSvnelovani mniSvnelovani

aragayinvadi aragayinvadi aragayinvadi aragayinvadi da da da da

gayinvadi siciviT gayinvadi siciviT gayinvadi siciviT gayinvadi siciviT dazianebadazianebadazianebadazianeba

asd sindromi – fexis kanis maceracia, kanis mTlianobis darRveva, sisxlZarRvebisa da periferiuli nervebis dazianeba.

ixile moyinva

SemTxveviTi SemTxveviTi SemTxveviTi SemTxveviTi pirvelad da pirvelad da pirvelad da pirvelad da

meoradi hipoTermiameoradi hipoTermiameoradi hipoTermiameoradi hipoTermia

SemTxveviT civ garemoSi moxvedra - moZraobis uunaroba, SeiZleba ganviTardes e.w. civi Soki, daavadebis Sedegi. sistemuri daavadebebi, hipoTireoidizmi, trmava, karcinoma, sefsisi da a.S

imersiuli imersiuli imersiuli imersiuli hipoTermiahipoTermiahipoTermiahipoTermia

civ wyalSi moxvedrisas. gansakuTrebiT saSiSia Tu wylis temperature 250 dabalia.

moyinva

moyinva – organizmis qsovilebis dazianeba dabali temperaturis zemoqmedebis

Sedegad.

� moyinvis simZime damokidebulia:

• garemo temperaturaze;

• siciveSi yofnis xanrgZlivobaze;

• haeris sinotiveze;

� moyivis risk jgufi:

• asaki – bavSvi da moxuci;

• pirebi periferiuli sisxlis mimoqcevis darRvevebiT;

� moyinvis ganviTarebas xels uwyobs:

• moWerili da namiani tansacmeli da fexsacmeli;

• fizikuri gadaRla;

• SimSili;

• xanrgZlivi iZulebiTi umoZrao an mouxerxebeli poza;

• avadmyofobis Sedegad organizmis dauZlureba;

• fexebis oflianoba;

• qveda kidurebis sisxlZarRvTa paTologia;

• gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistemis paTologia;

• tramva, romelsac moyva sisxlis dakargva;

196

• moweva;

• alkoholis Warbad moxmareba;

moyinvis klasifikaciis tradiciuli meTodi warmogvidgens dazianebis oTx

xarisxs, rac efuZneba fizikalur niSnebs gayinvisa da gaTbobis Semdgom.

I xarisxi – ziandeba epidermisi, kani Tavdapirvelad

hiperemiulia, Semdgom TeTri. mgrZnobeloba ar aris, SeiZleba

ganviTardes Cxvletis SegrZneba. gaTbobis Semdeg moyinuli are

dabuJebuli, hiperemiuli da SeSupebulia. SeiZleba

ganviTardes mcire tkivili da wva. 2 – 3 dRis Semdeg

simptomatika alagdeba, sruli gamojanmrTeleba 7 – 10 dRis Semdeg.

II xarisxi – moicavs mTel epidermis da dermis zedapirul

nawils. dasawyisSi mogvagonebs I xarisxis moyinvas. galRoba

xdeba swrafad, kanze warmoiqmneba buStukebi da vezikulebi,

romelSic gamWirvale – yviTeli an SemRvreuli (sisxlnarevi)

siTxea. sisxlZarRvovani darRvevebi, romlebic kargad aris

gamoxatuli Seqcevadia. kani frmkrTalia, gaTbobis Semdeg Rebulobs mkveTr

hiperemiul Seferilobas, SeSupeba vrceldeba moyinvis zonis garSemo.

III xarisxi - moicvs epidermis da dermas. gayinuli kani aris:

gaxevebuli, SezRuduli moZraobiT. galRobis Semdeg kani –

muqi cianozuri, SeiZleba dakravdes moSavo elferi.

viTardeba sisxliT saves buStukebi. SeSupebuli, rac zRudavs

moZraobas. kanis dakargva xdeba nela, viTardeba aSreveba.

pirvelive dReebSi mgrZnobeloba dakargulia, tkivili

Zlieri. gankurneba midis nela.

IV xarisxi – moyinva moicavs, kans, kunTs, Zvals. moZraoba ar

aris. gamRvalze moZraoba - pasiuri. AviTardeba adreuli

niSnebi qsovilis nekrozis da aSreveba.

zemoT ganxiluli moyinvis oTxi xarisxi erTiandeba dRes

momuSave klasifikaciaSi, romelic moyinvis simZimis mxolod

or jgufs moicavs:

I jgufi – zedapiruli moyinva – I da II xarisxis moyinva;

II jgufi – Rrma moyinva – III da IX xarisxis moyinva;

pirveli daxmareba hipoTermiis dros

ა. Tu dazaralebuli gonzea

• dauyonebliv gadaiyvaneT dazaralebuli siTboSi;

197

• frTxilad gaxadeT xelTaTmanebi, moacileT samkauli da fexsacmeli.

• frTxilad gaamSraleT, Tu amis saWiroebaa.

• SeaxvieT Tbils sabanSi.

• Aar misceT dazaralebuls moZraobis da

siarulis ufleba.

• mieciT dasalevad Tbili wyali;

• Tu moyinul ubanze ganviTarda

buStukebi ar daarRvioT maTi

mTlianoba;

ბ. Tu dazaralebuli ugonoda

• gaxseniT sasunTqi gzebi, SeamowmeT sunTqva da cirkulaciis niSnebi.

• Tu cirkulaciis niSnebi da sunTqva aris gadaiyvaneT dazaralebuli usafrTxo

adgilas.

• Tu cirkulaciis niSnebi da sunTqva ar aris daiwyeT gul – filtvis

reanimacia.

rekomendacia

garemos eqstremalurad dabali temperaturis pirobebSi janmrTelobis

dasacavad mniSvnelovania gaiTvaliswinoT Semdegi rekomendaciebi:

• ar miiRoT alkoholi gaTbobis mizniT;

• CaicviT Tbilad (umjobesia ramodenime fenad), atareT Tavisufali Tansacmeli.

• ar CaicvaT viwro fexsacmeli.

• ar gaxvideT saxlidan qudis, xelTaTmanebisa da Sarfis gareSe.

• qarian amindSi Sinidan gasvlis win sxeulis Ria nawilebze waisviT

specialuri kremi.

• ar gaikeToT liTonis samkaulebi (beWedi da sayure).

• erideT adre moyinuli ubnebis xelaxla moyinvas.

• yinvaSi xanrgZlivad yofnis Semdeg, Sin dabrunebisas SeamowmeT xom ar gaqvT

moyinuli kidurebi, saxe, zurgi.

• quCaSi yofnisas, rogorc ki SeamCnevT, rom Zalian SegcivdaT an kidurebi

gageyinaT, gasaTbobaT Tavi SeafareT uaxloes Senobas.

• Tu tansacmeli an fexsacmeli dagisveldaT (waqcevis SemTxvevaSi)

aucilebelia maTi gamocvla;

198

gaxsovdeT!

• Termoregulacia arasrulyofili aqvT: bavSvebs, moxucebs da zogierT

avadmyofs.

• hipoTermiis dros aucilebelia sxeulis Tanabari, TandaTanobiTi gaTboba.

• ar SeiZleba buStukebis mTlianobis darRveva;

• ar SeiZleba dazianebulis masaJi da dazelva;

• ar SeiZleba dazianebulis moZraoba.

• ar SeiZleba dazianebuli kiduris moZraoba.

• hipoTermiis dros ZiriTadi mizani, dazaralebulis gaTboba da saswrafo

samedicino samsaxuris gamoZaxebaa.

mowamvlamowamvlamowamvlamowamvla

mowamvla - paTologiuri mdgomareoba, ganviTarebuli organizmSi egzogenurad

moxvedrili momwamvlavi nivTierebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad.

momwamvlav nivTierebad praqtikulad nebismieri nivTiereba SeiZleba mogvevlinos,

romelsac organizmSi garkveuli raodenobiT moxvedrisas SeuZlia sasicocxlod

mniSvnelovani organoebis funqciis moSla da sicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo

mdgomareobis Seqmna.

arCeven:

• mwvave mowamvlas – mdgomareoba, romelic viTardeba momwamvlavi nivTierebis

organizmze erTjeradi Zlieri, magram xanmokle zemoqmedebis Sedegad. rac

xasiaTdeba mwvave mimdinareobiT da SesaZlebelia letaluri gamosavali.

• qronikuli mowamvlas – mdgomareoba, romelic viTardeba momwamvlavi

nivTierebis organizmze mravaljeradi, xanmokle da amavdroulad regularuli

zemoqmedebis Sedegad. miuxedavad imisa rom klinikuri simptomebi SeiZleba ar

iyos mkveTrad gamoxatuli, aRniSnuli saWiroebs droul daxmarebas.

organizmze toqsiuri nivTierebebis zemoqmedeba da Sedegi damokidebulia mraval

faqtorze:

• momwamvlavi nivTierebis koncentraciaze;

• momwamvlavi nivTierebis raodenobaze;

• momwamvlavi nivTierebis organizmSi moxvedris gzaze;

199

• momwamvlavi nivTierebis organizmSi

dayovnebis droze;

• mowamlulis asakze;

• mowamlulis janmrTelobis

mdgomareobaze;

• klimatze

da a.S

momwamvlavi nivTiereba organizmSi

SeiZleba moxvdnen:

• ineqciis saSualebiT

• peroraluri gziT

• kaniT

• inhalaciiT

organizmSi moxvedrisas mowamvla SeiZleba ganviTardes

• ramodenime wamSi

• ramodenime saaTSi

zogadad mowamvlis klinikuri gamovlinebaa

• cvlilebebi qcevaSi: uecari

Zilianoba, agznebadoba,

Senelebuli azrovneba, ara

adeqvaturi reaqcia garemo

pirobebze.

• kidurebis tremori.

• kanisa da xiluli lorwovani

garsebis feris Secvla.

• specifiuri suni piris Rrudan an

naRebinebi masis.

• hiper - an hipoTermia.

• gulis muSaobis darRveva.

• arteriuli wnevis cvlileba.

• sunTqvis darRveva – gaCerebamde.

• Sardis feris Secvla.

• momwamvlavi nivTierebis

organizmSi moxvedris gzidan

gamomdinare - wvisa da Zlieri

tkivilis SegrZneba.

• Zlieri SeSupeba.

• gamonayari.

• mxedvelobis darRveva.

• krunCxva.

• Tavis tkivili.

• gonebis dakargva.

• yurebSi xmauri.

• koordinaciis darRveva.

200

• Tvalis gugis cvlileba -

midriazi an miozi.

• da a.S.

sxvadasxva mowamvlebi

medikamentimedikamentimedikamentimedikamenti

Zilianoba, midriazi an miozi. moTenTiloba. koordinaciis darRveva.

moZraobis Seneleba. panika. sikvdilis SiSi. fsiqomotoruli agzneba.

eiforia. arteriuli wnevis mateba. taqikardia. ariTmia. krunCxva. Zlieri

mopulsire Tavis tkivili. yurebSi Suili. smenis an mxedvelobis

daqveiTeba. sunTqvis darRveva, kanqveSa sisxlCaqcevebi da a.S.

narkotikinarkotikinarkotikinarkotiki neli, gaiSviaTebuli sunTqva. arteriuli wnevis dacema. guliscemis gaxSireba. gugebis Seviwroeba (wertilovani). tuCebisa da TiTis wverebis cianozi. kunTebis hipertonusi. krunCxvebi. cnobierebis darRveva, Zilianoba, ugono mdgomareoba. metyvelebis darRveva.

sakvebi sakvebi sakvebi sakvebi produqtiproduqtiproduqtiproduqti

sakvebiT mowamvlis saeWvo niSnebi: sakvebis miRebidan minimum saT – naxevar, ori saaTis Semdeg iwyeba: gulisreva. Rebineba. muclis tkivili. faRaraTi (3 -5 –dan 10 jer dReSi). hiperTermia – 38-390 . sisuste, Semcivneba. Tabrusxveva.

sokosokosokosoko kuWis tkivili. piris gaSroba. Rebineba. faRaraTi. gonebis dakargva.

kidurebis gacieba. nevrologiuri darRvevebi. krunCxva.

alkoholialkoholialkoholialkoholi

wamowiTlebuli, cianozuri saxe. civi, webovani kani. ugono, ukontaqto mdgomareoba. wyvetili xmauriani suntqva. wnevisa da pulsis cvlileba.

SxamSxamSxamSxam

qimikatebiqimikatebiqimikatebiqimikatebi

tkivili muclis areSi. gulisreva, Rebineba. faRaraTi. gaZlierebuli salivacia. sunTqvis gaZneleba.

Sxamiani Sxamiani Sxamiani Sxamiani mcenareebimcenareebimcenareebimcenareebi

Rebineba. tkivili muclis areSi. faRaraTi. krunCxva, sunTqvis gaCereba.

sayofacxovrebo sayofacxovrebo sayofacxovrebo sayofacxovrebo

qim. saSualebebiqim. saSualebebiqim. saSualebebiqim. saSualebebi

gaZlerebuli salivacia. saxeze, tuCisa da piris Rrus lorwovan garsebze qimiuri damwvrobis gaCena. xmis CaxleCa. suntqvis moSla. kanis cianozi. Rebineba, SeiZleba sisxliani minareviT. sisxliani faRaraTi.

naxSirJanginaxSirJanginaxSirJanginaxSirJangi

Tavis Zlieri tkivili. yurebSi Suili. Tabrusxveva. sisuste. gtaqikardia. gulisreva, Rebineba. adamiani gonzea, magram TiTqos gabruebulia. mowamvlis damZimebasTan erTad vitardeba halucinaciebi (mxedveloBiTi da smeniTi) saxeze Cndeba vardisferi an molurjo laqebi. Zilianoba. kordinaciis, cnobierebis da suntqvis darRveva. krunCxva. gonebis dakargva.

pirveli daxmareba mowamvlis dros

� Tu dazaralebuli ugono mdgomareobaSia

• gamoiyeneT sicocxlis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi algoriTmi – DRABC (doctor

ABC) algoriTmi. (ixile Tema: pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani);

• pirveladi daTvalierebis bolos da meoradi daTvalierebis Semdeg yovel

10 wT-Si erTxel, SeafaseT cnobiereba AVPU algoriTmis mixedviT; (ix. Tema

- pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani);

• Tu dazaralebuls ewyeba Rebineba srafad moaTavseT is usafrTxo

mdebareobaSi (ix. Tema - pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani);

� Tu dazaralebuli gonzea

201

• ar SeiZleba Rebinebis gamowvevis mcdeloba

• Tu ugonodaa

• orsulebSi

• gulis paTologiisas

• krunCxvis dros.

• navTob produqtebiT, tuteebiT da mJaveebiT

mowamvlisas.

• Tu momwamvlavi nivTiereba organizmSi moxvda

kaniT - saswrafod CamobaneT dazianebuli

are.

inhalaciis saSualebiT – dauyonebliv gaiyvaneT sufTa

haerze.

• Tu dazaralebuls ewyeba Rebineba swrafad moaTavseT is

usafrTxo mdebareobaSi (ix. Tema

- pirveli gadaudebeli

daxmarebis anbani);

• ar datovoT dazaralebuli.

• akontroleT sunTqva, pulsi,

cnobiereba. gaxsovdeT!

• garemos daTvalierebisas yuradReba

miaqcieT cariel gaxsnil boTlebs, wamlis qilebsa da mowyvetil

mcenareebs.

• kvamlis inhalacia saSiSia maSvelisTvisac.

• ar SeiZleba yvela SemTxvevaSi Rebinebis gamowveva.

• droulad gamouZaxeT saswafo samedicino daxmarebas.

Tema #13

sicocxlisaTvis saxsicocxlisaTvis saxsicocxlisaTvis saxsicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo gadaudebeli mdgomareobebiifaTo gadaudebeli mdgomareobebiifaTo gadaudebeli mdgomareobebiifaTo gadaudebeli mdgomareobebi

gadaudebeli mdgomareoba – rodesac piri, fsiqikuri gadaxris, daavadebis an

daavadebis gamwvavebis gamo safrTxes uqmnis sakuTar an irgvliv myofTa

sicocxles, janmrTelobas, qonebas, da romlis Tavidan acileba SeuZlebelia

saswarafo samedicino daxmarebis gareSe. gadaudebeli mdgomareobis dros pirs

dakarguli aqvs gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis unari.

202

gadaudebeli samedicino daxmareba – samedicino daxmareba, romlis gareSec

gardauvalia pacientis sikvdili, dainvalideba an janmrTelobis mdgomareobis

seriozuli gauareseba.

sicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo gadaudebel mdgomareobebSi moiazreba:

� ugono mdgomareoba;

� gulis wasvla;

� tkivili gulis areSi;

� sasunTqi gzebis obstruqcia;

� insulti;

� Soki;

� Saqriani diabeti;

........................................................ugono mdgomareobaugono mdgomareobaugono mdgomareobaugono mdgomareoba............................................................

ugono mdgomareoba – normidan gadaxra, rodesac adamianis sxeulis

makontrolebeli meqanizmi aRar funqcionirebs an daqveiTebulia. misi gamomwvevi

mravali mizezi SeiZleba iyos:

• Tavis tramva;

• insulti;

• gulis wasvla;

• gulis Seteva;

• Soki;

• simsivne;

• hipoqsia;

• mowamvla;

• hipoglikemia;

• epilefsiuri an maRali

temperaturis fonze

ganviTarebuli krunCxvis

Semdgomi periodi;

da a.S

miuxedavad ugono mdgomareobis mizezisa, pirveli daxmarebis aRmoCenisas

aucilebelis daculi iyos Semdegi wesebi:

1. gamoiyeneba sicocxlis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi algoriTmi – DRABC (doctor ABC)

algoriTmi; (ix. Tema - pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani)

2. pirveladi daTvalierebis bolos da meoradi daTvalierebis Semdeg yovel 10

wT-Si erTxel, SeafaseT cnobiereba AVPU algoriTmis mixedviT; (ix. Tema -

pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani);

203

3. yuradRebiT daaTvaliereT dazaralebuli, Secvlili cnobiereba SeiZleba

niRbavdes sxva dazianebebs;

pirveli daxmareba ugono mdgomareobis dros

• gamoiyeneT sicocxlis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi algoriTmi – DRABC (doctor ABC)

algoriTmi. (ixile Tema: pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani);

• pirveladi daTvalierebis bolos da meoradi daTvalierebis Semdeg yovel 10

wT-Si erTxel, SeafaseT cnobiereba AVPU algoriTmis mixedviT; (ix. Tema -

pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani);

• Tu dazaralebuls ewyeba Rebineba srafad moaTavseT is usafrTxo

mdebareobaSi (ix. Tema - pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani);

• swrafad da yuradRebiT CaatareT meoradi daTvaliereba nebismieri dazianebis

gamovlenis mizniT;

• yuradReba miaqcieT: sisxldenis an motexilobis gamovlenas;

xom ar aRiniSneba specifiuri suni sunTqvis;

xom ar aqvs dazaralebuls ineqciis kvali;

gamokiTxeT TviTmxilvelebi – ra uswrebda wins ugono

mdgomareobis ganviTarebas;

• SeaCereT garegani sisxldena;

• moaxdineT motexilobis imobilizacia;

• gadaiyvaneT dazaralebuli usafrTxo mdebareobaSi;

• gamoiZaxeT gadaudebeli saswrafo samedicino daxmareba;

• yovel 10 wT-Si erTxel SeamowmeT: sunTqva, cirkulaciis niSnebi da

cnobierebis done;

• daafiqsireT aRniSnuli monacemebi da gadaeciT gadaudebeli saswrafo

samedicino daxmarebis TanamSromels;

gaxsovdeT !

• ugono mdgomareobaSi - � mudmivad arsebobs sasunTqi gzebis daxSobis

saSiroeba;

� yovelTvis miitaneT eWvi xerxemlis dazianebaze;

204

� Secvlili cnobiereba SeiZleba niRbavdes sxva

dazianebebs.

� dazaralebulis zogadi mdgomareoba da

cnobiereba SeiZleba icvlebodes droTa

ganmavlobaSi;

• Tqvens mier TviTmxilvelisagan mopovebuli damatebiTi informacia ugono

mdgomareobis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, mniSvnelovania dazaralebulis swori da

drouli mkunalobisaTvis;

• ugono mdgomareobis dros Tqveni ZiriTadi mizania:

• sasunTqi gzebis gamavlobis SenarCuneba;

• cnobierebis donis dadgena;

• nebismieri Tanaarsebuli dazianebis dros pirveli

daxmarebis aRmoCena;

• gadaudebeli samedicino samsaxuris drouli

gamoZaxeba;

• ugono mdgomareobis ganviTarebis mizezisa da

garemoebis dadgena;

............................................................................gulis wasvlagulis wasvlagulis wasvlagulis wasvla........................................................................................

gulis wasvla – cnobierebis xanmokle (wami an wuTi) dakargva, ganpirobebuli tvinis

sisxlis mimoqcevis xanmokle darRveviT. misi gamomwvevi mravali mizezi SeiZleba

iyos:

• tkivili

• SiSi

• emociuri gadaZabva

• gadaRla

• SimSili

• xanrgZlivi fizikuri umoZraoba

(sicxeSi fexze dgoma)

• Zlieri SeteviTi xasiaTis xvela

• sxeulis mdebareobis srafi Secvla

• Tavis mkveTri moZraoba

• gulis daavadebebi, riTmis da

gamtareblobis moSla

• hipoqsia

• hiperventilacia filtvebis

(xSiri Rrma sunTqva)

• mowamvla

• anemia

• hipoglikemia

gulis wasvlis winamorbedi niSnebi

205

• gulisrevis SegrZneba

• Tabrusxveva

• sisuste

• yurebSi Suili

• mxedvelobis dabindva

• mtevnis da terfebis sicive

• kani fermkrTaldeba

• civi ofli

• pulsi susutdeba

• gipotonia

• cnobierebis dakargva

• dazaralebuli ecema

uSualod gulis wasvlis dros

• pulsi iSviaTi

• sunTqva – zedapiruli, iSviaTi

• kunTebi modunebuli

• gugebi gafarToebuli,

reaqcia Suqze aris

• kani – mkrTali feris, civi

da ofliani

aRniSnuli mdgomareoba grZeldeba ramodenime wuTs (araumetes 3 wuTisa),

dazaralebuli gamodis TavisiT, cnobiereba da mgrZnobeloba srulad aRdgeba. Tu

arteriuli wneva ecema 80 qvemoT dgindeba – kolafsi.

pirveli daxmareba gulis wasvlis dros

1. gadaiyvaneT dazaralebuli horizontalur mdgomareobaSi, zurgze, auwieT

fexebi zemoT, mcired gadauwieT Tavi, Seuxsenis samosi;

2. civi wyliT dauzileT saxis, yelis, mkerdis are;

3. uzrunvelyaviT haeris miwodeba;

4. mas Semdeg rac dazaralebuls daubrundeba cnobiereba,

gaamxneveT da daexmareT wamojdes, nela!

5. yuradRebiT daaTvaliereT dazaralebuli, vinaidan dacemisas SesaZlebeli iyo

tramvis miReba. aRniSnulis SemTxvevaSi gauwieT pirveli daxmareba;

6. gamoiZaxeT gadaudebeli saswrafo samedicino daxmareba;

7. Tu dzaralebuls swrafad ar ubrundeba cnobiereba:

• gamoiyeneT sicocxlis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi algoriTmi –

DRABC (doctor ABC) algoriTmi. (ixile Tema: pirveli gadaudebeli

daxmarebis anbani);

• pirveladi daTvalierebis bolos da meoradi daTvalierebis

Semdeg yovel 10 wT-Si erTxel, SeafaseT cnobiereba AVPU

206

algoriTmis mixedviT; (ix. Tema - pirveli gadaudebeli

daxmarebis anbani);

• Tu dazaralebuls ewyeba Rebineba srafad moaTavseT is

usafrTxo mdebareobaSi (ix. Tema - pirveli gadaudebeli

daxmarebis anbani);

• gamoiZaxeT gadaudebeli saswrafo samedicino daxmareba;

8. Tu gonze mosvlis Semdeg dazaralebuli Tavs grZnobs cudad, urCieT

saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis mosvlamde an mdgomareobis gaumjobesebamde

darCes horizontalur mdgomareobaSi, zurgze, fexebiT zemoT.

• gulis wasvlis dros Tqveni ZiriTadi mizania:

• pirveli daxmarebis aRmoCena;

• nebismieri SesaZlo Tanaarsebuli dazianebis

gaTvaliswineba da pirveli daxmarebis aRmoCena;


gamoZaxeba;

....................................................................................tkivilis gulis areSitkivilis gulis areSitkivilis gulis areSitkivilis gulis areSi....................................................................................

gulmkerdis marcxena naxevarSi anu gulis areSi aRmocenebuli tkivili warmoSobis

mizezebis mixedviT or jgufad iyofa. (ix. cxrili)

kardialuri warmoSobis

gulis iSemiuri daavadebebi: stenokardia miokardiumis infarqti gulis anTebiTi daavadebebiT: revmatizmi, endokarditi. gulis Tandayolili an SeZenili mankebi. vegetosisxlZarRvovani distonia

arakardialuri warmoSobis

depresia, gulmkerdis midamos osteoqondrozi, sqoliozi, neknTaSua nevralgia,mioziti;herpes zosterixolecestiti, gastriti, wyluli, da a.S

gulis areSi aRmocenebuli tkivilis zogadi xasiaTis klinikuri gamovlineba

• tkivili –

� aRmoceneba ukavSirdeba – fizikur datvirTvas, emocias, garkveuli

xasiaTis sakvebis miRebas, gaciebas, xvelas da a.S

� xasiaTi - moWeriTi, wvis an zewolis SegrZneba gulmkerdis areSi an

e.w. Wvali, SeiZleba - CxvletiTi an yru;

� SeiZleba gaZlierdes - sunTqvis, xvelebis an Rrma sunTqvis dros.

siarulis, emociuri daZabulobis, sxeulis moZraobisas an zeda

kidurebis zemoT awevisas.

207

� xanrgZlivoba - xanrgZlivi, xSiri, iSviaTi;

� gavrceleba - mkerdis Zvlis ukan an misgan marcxniv, xelSi, kiserSi,

xerxemalSi, marcxena beWSi, zogjer qveda ybaSi an kbilSi. an

gulmkerdis mTel marcxena naxevarSi. SeiZleba neknTaSua areebis

gaswvriv;

� SeiZleba gaqres an Sesustdes mosvenebisas, an piriqiT aRmocendeba

mosvenebis dros, ufro xSiria aRelvebis fonze.

� nitroglicerinis miRebisas moixsnas an ar moixsnas;

• sunTqvis gaZneleba;

• sikvdilis SiSi;

• kani – nacrisferi, tuCebi – cianozuri;

• pulsi – gaxSirebuli susti da araregularuli;

• qoSini fizikuri datvirTvis dros, guliscemis SegrZneba, saerTo sisuste.

• e.w. “gulis friali”. taqikardia an bradikardia.

• uecrad ganviTarebuli Tabrusxveva an gulis wasvla;

• tkivili an diskomfortis SegrZneba muclis zeda nawilSi;

• mZime SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba – gulis gaCereba;

pirveli daxmareba gulis areSi aRmocenebuli tkivilis dros

1. Tu SesaZlebelia ar SeucvaloT avadmyofs adgilmdebreoba, mxolod gadaiyvaneT

is misTvis mosaxerxebel mgomareobaSi (mag: naxevradmjomare mdebareoba

fiqsirebuli TaviT, mxrebiT da muxlis saxsarSi moxrili fexebiT);

2. Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs, avadmyofis gadayvana unda moxdes frTxilad, misTvis

minimaluri datvirTvis pirobebSi;

3. dauyonebliv gamouZaxeT saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis samsaxurs;

4. miawodeT operators informacia, rom eWvi gaqvT gulis Setevaze;

5. Tu avadmyofs hyavs piradi eqimi, daukavSirdiT mas;

6. mudmivad SeamowmeT da daafiqsireT pulsi da sunTqva;

7. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mzad iyaviT gul-filtvis reanimaciisaTvis (ix. Tema BLS)

8. Tu avadmyofs eqimis mier daniSnuli aqvs validoli an nitroglicerini, romelic

mas aqvs Tan daexmareT wamlis miRebaSi;

9. ar datovoT dazaralebuli;

208

gaxsovdeT ! 1. ar SeucvaloT avadmyofs adgilmdebreoba aucileblobis gareSe;

2. gulis areSi tkivilis dros Tqveni ZiriTadi mizania:

• gulze datvirTvis Semcireba;


gamoZaxeba;

............................................................................................................gulis gaCerebagulis gaCerebagulis gaCerebagulis gaCereba....................................................................................................................................

gulis gaCerebis mizezebi:

• uxSiresad gulis iSemiuri

daavadebebi;

• moxrCoba

• hipoTermia

• Tavis Zlieri tramva

• eleqtruli deniT dazianeba

• Zlieri sisxldena, rogor

garegani, ise Sinagani;

• Zlieri gauwylovaneba;

• bronquli asTmis Seteva;

• anafilaqsiuri Soki;

• mowamvla

gulis gaCerebis winamorbedi niSnebi

• gulis areSi tkivili moWeriTi xasiaTis, an wvis an zewolis SegrZneba

gulmkerdis areSi; romelic vrceldeba mkerdis Zvlis ukan an misgan

marcxniv, xelSi, kiserSi, xerxemalSi, marcxena beWSi, zogjer qveda ybaSi an

kbilSi;

• sunTqvis uecari darRveva;

• gulisreva/Rebineba;

• Tabrusxveva;

• kanis TandaTanobiTi cianozi;

• gonebis dakargva;

gulis gaCerebis klinikuri gamovlineba

• gonebis uecari dakargva;

• reaqciis ar arseboba msubuq SenjRrevaze;

• pirvelive wuTebSi e.w. agonaluri sunTqva an wyvetili sunTqva;

• umoZraoba;

pirveli daxmareba gulis gaCerebis dros

209

ix. Tema: pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani da BLS;

................................................................................................................sunTqvis ukmarisobiT mimdinare mdgomareobebisunTqvis ukmarisobiT mimdinare mdgomareobebisunTqvis ukmarisobiT mimdinare mdgomareobebisunTqvis ukmarisobiT mimdinare mdgomareobebi............................................................................................

sunTqvis ukmarisoba – mdgomareoba, romelic gamowveulia sisxlis airovani

Semcvelobis normaluri mdgomareobis darRveviT an sunTqvisa da sisxlis

mimoqcevis sistemis ufro intensiuri muSaobiT. aRniSnuli mdgomareobis

maxasiaTebelia organizmSi Jangbadis nakleboba – hipoqsia, romelic

sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareobis ganviTarebas iwvevs;

sunTqvis ukmarisobis ganviTarebis mizezebi:

• filtvis daavadebebi;

• gulmkerdis tramva;

• mowamvla;

• sasunTqi gzebis obstruqcia;

• stresi;

• infeqciuri daavadebebi;

• qronikuli daavadebebi;

• ucxo sxeuli sasunTq gzebSi

hipoqsiis klinikuri gamovlineba:

• sunTqvis gaxSireba, siRrmis da

ritmis Secvla;

• agznebadoba;

• agresiuloba;

• cnobierebis dabindva;

• ugono mdgomareoba;

• cianozi;

• sunTqvis an gulis gaCreba;

ucxo sxeuli sasunTq gzebSi

sasunTqQ gzebSi ucxo sxeulis moxvedris klinikuri gamovlineba:

• SfoTva;

• xelebi yelTan;

• SeteviTi xasiaTis xvela;

• sunTqva da metyveleba TandaTan sustdeba,

SeiZleba Sewydes;

• xriali;

• viTardeba cianozi;

• mosalodnelia krunCxva;

• gulis wasvla

pirveli daxmareba

210

• Tu dazaralebuls goneba jer ar daukargavs - haimlikis manevri (ix. Tema –

BLS)

• Tu dazaralebulma goneba dakarga (ix.Tema: pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis

anbani da BLS)

bronquli asTma

bronquli asTma - filtvebis qronikuli daavadeba, romelic xasiaTdeba sasunTqi

gzebis anTebiT, obstruqciiTa da hiperreaqtiulobiT. bronqul asTmasTan

dakavSirebul simptomTa Soris umTavresia – amosunTqvis gaZneleba;

asTmuri statusi warmoadgens bronquli asTmis Setevas, romelic xasiaTdeba ufro

mZime da xangrZlivi mimdinareobiT, romlis xangrZlivoba SeiZleba iyos ramdenime

saaTidan 4-6 dRemde da meti.

bronquli asTmiT daavadebulebSi asTmis gamwvaveba da asTmuri statusis

Camoyalibeba SeiZleba gamoiwvion Semdegma faqtorebma:

• respiratoruli infeqcia;

• alergenebTan kontaqti;

• civi, mSrali amindi, amindis

cvalebadoba;

• fizikuri da emociuri

datvirTva;

• Tambaqos moxmareba an Tambaqos

kvamlTan Sexeba.

• asTmis sawinaaRmdego preparatebis miRebis Sewyveta

klinikuri simptomatika

• sunTqvis gaZneleba (gaZnelebulia amosunTqva);

• mstvinavi xmauriani amosunTqva;

• qoSini;

• mSrali xvela, romelic iRebs SeteviT xasiaTs;

• horizontalurad wolis SeuZlebloba:

� mZime Setevisas pacients urCevnia jdoma;

� Tu mdgomareoba kidev ufro mZimdeba, pacienti iRebs e. w.

samkuTxa pozicias - xelebiT dayrdnobilia sxeulze an raime

saganze;

• danawevrebuli metyvelebis uunaroba;

• cianozi;

• taqikardia,

211

• arteriuli hipertenzia;

• agzneba;

• SfoTva;

• cnobierebis donis daqveiTeba, SeiZleba

komamde;

• SeiZleba ganviTardes ugono

mdgomareoba da sunTqvis gaCereba;

pirveli daxmareba bronquli asTmis Setevis dros

1. daamSvideT dazaralebuli;

2. daexmareT dazaralebuls gamoiyenos ingalatori;

3. daexmareT dazaralebuls miiRos misTvis

mosaxerxebeli mdebareoba:

• optimaluria nxevradmjdomare mdebareoba, win gadmoweuli torsiT;

• sTxoveT mas isunTqos Rrmad da nela;

• ar daawvinoT dazaralebuli;

4. gamoiZaxeT gadaudebeli samedicino samsaxuri;

5. gadaudebeli samedicino samsaxuris gamoZaxebis Semdeg mieciT dazaralebuls

yovel 10 wuTSi erTxel inhalatori, aseTive intervaliT gadaamowmeT: sunTqva,

pulsi, cnobierebis done;

6. Tu dazaralebuli kargavd cnobierebas an suntqva Cerdeba –

• gamoiyeneT sicocxlis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi algoriTmi – DRABC (doctor

ABC) algoriTmi. (ixile Tema: pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani);

• saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi – CRR (ix. Tema BLS)

gaxsovdeT!

• bronquli asTma SeiZleba Zalian STambeWdavi iyos, magram uxSiresad

inhalatoris drouli gamoyeneba swrafad xsnis mas;

• ar daawvinoT dazaralebuli Setevis dros;

• asTmis Seteva msubuqia Tu inhalatoris miRebidan 5 – 10 wuTSi mdgomareoba

umjobesdeba, miuxedavad gaumjobesebisa urCieT dazaralebuls miiRos

inhalatoris meore doza;

• bronquli asTmis Setevis dros pirveli daxmarebis mizania

212

� sunTqvis gaadvileba;

� saswafo samedicino daxmarebis drouli gamoZaxeba;

krupis Seteva

termini - krupi moiazrebs xorxis lorwovani garsis anTebas, romelsac Tan sdevs

SeSupeba, sanaTuris Seviwroeba, sunTqvis gaZneleba - sulis xuTva. is viTardeba

mZime infeqciuri daavadebis – xorxis difteriis dros. arsebobs cru krupi,

romelic warmoadgens mwvave laringits, xorxis stenozis

niSnebiT. is gvxvdeba skolamdel asakSi, rogorc zeda

sasunTqi gzebis infeqciaTa (gripi, adenovirusuli infeqcia),

yivanaxvelas, quntruSas garTuleba. Seteva ufro xSiria

RamiT, SesaZlebelia is ar iyos erTjeradi da

ramodenimejer ganmeordes. misTvis damaxasiaTebelia:

• myefavi, mSrali xvela;

• xmauriani sunTqva;

• sunTqvis gaZneleba;

• cianozi

pirveli daxmareba krupis Setevis dros

• daamSvideT bavSvi;

• Seqmenis mis garSemo orTqliani garemo: rogorc Setevis dros, ise Setevis

Semdgom. (erT SemTxvevaSi cxelis wylis onkani gaaReT, an samzareuloSi

aaduReT wyali, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi, bavSvis saZinebelSi gamaTbobelze

gadakideT sveli pirsaxoci);

• gamoiZaxeT saswafo samedicino daxmareba;

hiperventilacia

hiperventilacia – sunTqvis ukmarisobiT mimdinare

mdgomareoba, romelic viTardeba

• uSualod stresul situaciebSi - panika, SfoTva,

isterika.

• stresis, SiSis an fsiqologiuri Sokis gadatanis

Semdeg.

misTvis damaxasiaTebelia:

• aranormal

213

urad xSiri da Rrma sunTqva;

• uCveulo qceva;

• Tabrusxveva;

• xelebis kankali;

• uneblie moZraobebi;

• tkivili gul – mkerdis areSi;

• e.w. “sunTqviTi SimSili”

pirveli daxmareba hiperventilaciis dros

• daamSvideT dazaralebuli;

• gadaiyvaneT (Tu amis saSualeba aris) mSvid garemoSi;

• Tu gamoxatulis uneblie moZraobebi, asunTqeT qaRaldis parkis

saSualebiT;

• gamoiZaxeT saswafo samedicino daxmareba;

kvamlisa da airebis inhalacia

kvamliT an airebiT inhalacia, SeiZleba rogorc sunTqvis ukmarisobis, ise Zlieri

mowavlis mizezi gaxdes (ix.Tema – mowamvla)

gulmkerdis tramva

gulmkerdis tramva SeiZleba gaxdes mizezi sunTqvis ukmarisobis (ix. Tema – tramva)

………………………............insulti.................………………………............insulti.................………………………............insulti.................………………………............insulti................. insulti – daavadeba, romlis drosac sisxlis mimoqceva tvinis garkveul ubanSi

uecrad, mkveTrad qveiTdeba.

insultis risk faqtorebi:

• asaki

• aTerosklerozi

• gaukontrolebeli diabeti

• sisxlis maRali arteriuli

wneva

• sisxlSi qolesterinis maRali

done

• Tambaqos weva

• tvinis gardamavali iSemiis

arseboba

• gulis daavadebebi

• saZile arteriis Seviwroeba.

insultis klinikuri gamovlineba

• uecari,Uumizezo, Zlieri Tavis tkivili.

• mxedvelobis uecari daqveiTeba an dakargva, gansakuTrebiT cal TvalSi.

• metyvelebis gaZneleba an moSla.

• gulisreva.

214

• kordinaciis darRveva an uecari dacema.

• cnobierebis uecari an TandaTanobiTi dakargva.

• moZraobis sisuste an dambla, gamoxatuli sxeulis cal mxares erT an or

kidurSi.

• araTanabari zomis gugebi.

• saxisa da/an kidurebis romelime mxares uecari dasusteba, dabuJeba.

• cal mxares piris kuTxis daSveba.

• uneblie Sardva da defekacia.

pirveli daxmareba insultis dros

• Tu dazaralebuli ugono mdgomareobaSia � gamoiyeneba sicocxlis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi algoriTmi –

DRABC (doctor ABC) algoriTmi; (ix. Tema - pirveli gadaudebeli

daxmarebis anbani)

� Semdeg yovel 10 wT-Si erTxel, SeafaseT cnobiereba AVPU


daxmarebis anbani);

� gamoiZaxeT saswafo samedicino daxmareba.

• Tu dazaralebuli gonzea

� daawvineT zurgze, wamouwieT mxrebi da Tavi.

� gadauwieT Tavi cal mxares.

� mowmindeT piridan gamonadeni.

� ar misceT dazaralebuls saWmeli an sasmeli.

� gamoiZaxeT saswafo samedicino daxmareba

gaxsovdeT !

• Tu Tqvens axlobels gamouvlinda insultisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli romelime

simptomi, dauyonebliv gamoiZaxeT sasrafo samedicino daxmareba.

• gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis mosvlamde Semdeg yovel 10 wT-Si erTxel,

SeafaseT sunTqva, cirkulacia da cnobierebis done;

• ar miceT dazaralebuls saWmeli an sasmeli;

• insultis dros pirveli daxmarebis mizania:

� sasunTqi gzebis Riad SenarCuneba;

215

� tvinis dazianebis Semcireba;

� saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis dauyonebliv gamoZaxeba;

........................................................Saqriani diabetiSaqriani diabetiSaqriani diabetiSaqriani diabeti........................................

Saqriani diabeti - daavadeba, roemlic ganpirobebulia insulinis SedarebiTi an

absolituri ukmarisobiT, ris Sedegadac viTardeba yvela saxis nivTierebaTa cvlis

moSla: naxSirwylebis, cilebis, cximebis, vitaminebis, wyal – marilovani cvlis.

hipoglikemia – sisxlSi glukozis Semcvelobis daqveiteba 80mg% - ze qvemoT.

hipoglikemiis -

� ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi faqtorebi:

• insulinis maRali doziT Seyvana.

• insulinis Seyvanis Semdeg sakvebis miRebis dayovneba an Rebineba;

• fizikuri varjiSi

� klinikuri gamovlineba

• anamnezSi diabeti.

• saerTo sisuste.

• Zilianoba.

• SimSilis SegrZneba.

• kankali.

• uCveuolo qceva.

• SesaZlebelia agresiuloba.

• oflianoba.

• kani - mkrTali feris, civi,

namiani.

• zedapiruli sunTqva.

• cnobierebis danibdva.

• ugono mdgomareoba.

pirveli daxmareba hipoglikemiis dros:

• Tu dazaralebuli ogonodaa

� gamoiyeneba sicocxlis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi algoriTmi –

DRABC (doctor ABC) algoriTmi; (ix. Tema - pirveli

gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani)

� Semdeg yovel 10 wT-Si erTxel, SeafaseT cnobiereba AVPU


daxmarebis anbani);


• Tu dazaralebuli gonzea

� dasviT an daawvineT dazaralebuli.

216

� mieciT tkbili siTxe, Saqari an Sokoladi.

� Tu amis Semdeg dazaralebulis zogadi mdgomareoba

gaumjobesda daumateT tkbileuli.

� Tu mdgomareoba ar umjobesdeba, eZebeT cnobierebis

Secvlis sxva mizezi da CaatareT Sesabamisi daxmareba.


hiperglikemia – sisxlSi Saqris Warbi raodenoba.

hiperglikemiis klinikuri gamovlineba:

• mSrali kani.

• aCqarebuli pulsi.

• Rrma, gaZnelebuli sunTqva.

• sunTqvisas acetonis suni.

pirveli daxmareba hiperglikemiis dros:

• dauyonebliv gamouZaxeT saswafo samedicino daxmarebas.

• Tu dazaralebuli ogonodaa

� gamoiyeneba sicocxlis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi algoriTmi – DRABC

(doctor ABC) algoriTmi; (ix. Tema - pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis

anbani)

� Semdeg yovel 10 wT-Si erTxel, SeafaseT cnobiereba AVPU algoriTmis

mixedviT; (ix. Tema - pirveli gadaudebeli daxmarebis anbani).

• gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis mosvlamde Semdeg yovel 10 wT-Si

erTxel, SeafaseT suntqva, cirkulacia da cnobierebis done;

gaxsovdeT!

• anamnezSi Saqriani diabetis SemTxvevaSi, yovelTvis arsebobs safrTxe hipo

– an hiperglikemiis.

• hipo – an hiperglikemiaze eWvis SemTxvevaSi dauyonebliv gamouZaxeT

saswafo samedicino daxmarebas.

• Tqveni ZiriTadi mizani

� hipoglikemiisas – sisxlSi saqris donis swrafi aweva da

saswafo samedicino daxmarebis gamoZaxebaa.

217

� hiperglikemiisas - saswafo samedicino daxmarebis

gamoZaxeba.

----------------SokiSokiSokiSoki---------------

Soki – (niSnavs dartymas, Seryevas) sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareoba, romelic

aRiniSneba sxvadasxva daavadebebisa da tramvebis dros.

xasiaTdeba:

• qsovilebis arasakmarisi sisxlmomaragebiT.

• sicocxlisaTvis mniSvnelovani organoebis funqciis darRveviT.

ganviTarebis meqanizmis mixedviTgamoyofen:

Soki klinikuri gamovlineba

hipovolemiuri

taqikardia, pulsi susti, SeiZleba arc isinjebodes periferiuli arteriebze, arteriuli hipotenzia, taqipnoe; kanis daqveiTebuli perfuzia

anafilaqsiuri

tuCebis, enis, TiTebis gabuJeba, kanis qavili, sunTqvis gaZneleba, WinWris cieba,

kvinkes SeSupeba, gipotonია, taqikardia, kanis safarvelis sifermkrTale – cianozi, civi ofli, qoSini, gonebis dakargva

septiuri

dasawyisSi - hiperTermia (38-390), Semcivneba, agzneba, mRelvareba, araadeqvaturi qceva. kani – mSrali, Tbili, hiperemiuli an vardisferi. sunTqvis darRveva. taqikardia. hipotenzia. SemdgomSi hiperTermia icvleba hipoTermiiT, Zlieri oflianoba, hipotenzia Rrmavdeba. terfebi da mtevnebi – civi namiani, cianozuri, cnobierebis moSla, gonebis dakargva.

kardiogenuli hipotenzia, kani – cianozur fermkrtali, daCutuli periferiuli venebi, mtevnebi da terfebi civi, diurezi Semcirebuli, cnobierebis moSla, gonebis dakargva.

Sokis iseTi saxeebi, rogoricaa tramvuli, damwvrobiTi da a.S. warmoadgenen Sokis

Serwymul formebs. vinaidan, maT paTogenezSi erTdroulad ramodenime mizezi devs,

romlebic iwveven organoebsa da qsovilebSi sisxlis miwodebis Sefexebasa da

hipoqsias.

miuxedavad Sokis mizezisa, zogadad misi klinikuri gamovlinebaa:

• SfoTva.

• agzneba.

• cnobierebis darRveva

• gonebis dakargva.

• kani – namiani, civi, Tbili (septiuri Soki), an fermkrTali,

marmarilosebri, cianozuri, an WinWris cieba (anafilaqsiuri Soki).

• cianozi gansakuTrebiT kargadaa gamoxatuli tuCebze.

218

• hipoTermia. an hiperTermia (septiuri Soki)

• taqikardia

• hipotenzia

• suntqvis darRveva.

• moxrCobis grZnoba (anafilaqsiuri Soki).

Sokis ganviTarebasTan erTad

• saerTo sisuste.

• Zilianoba.

• gulisreva.

• Rebineba.

• wyurvilis SegrZneba.

• gaxSirebuli suntqva.

• agresiuli, agznebuli.

• mTqnareba

• “haeriT SimSili”

• ugono mdgomareoba.

• gulis gaCereba

pirveli daxmareba Sokis dros

• ecadeT moxsnaT Sokis mizezi.

• ecadeT moaTavsoT

Tavis sxeulze ufro

qvemoT.

• auwieT fexebi zemoT,

frTxilad iyaviT Tu

gaqvT eWvi

motexilobaze.

• SeuxseniT tansacmeli: kiserze, gulmkerdze da welze.

• daaTbuneT dazaralebuli.

• droulad gamoizaxeT saswrafo samedicino samsaxuri.

• yovel 10 wT-Si erTxel, SeamowmeT sunTqva, cirkulacia da cnobiereba

219

gaxsovdeT!

• Sokis dros daxmarebis gawevisas, aucilebelia Sokis gamowvevis mizezisa

da misi xasiaTis gaTvaliswineba da Sesabamisi specifikuri dxmarebis

gaweva.

• pirvel rigSi yuradReba miaqcieT dazaralebulis: cnobierebis dones, kanis

safarvelis fersa da namianobas, sunTqvis ritms.

• Sokis dros ar gamoiyenoT gasaTbobad saTburebi, aseve ar moaTavsoT

siTbos pirdapiri wyaroebi dazaralebulTan axlos.

• ar misceT dazaralebuls sakvebi an sasmeli.

• ar datovoT dazaralebuli meTvalyures gareSe.

• Sokis dros pirveli daxmarebis mizania

� Sokis drouli amocnoba.

� misi gamomwvevi mizezis Tavidan acileba.

� tvinSi, gulsa da filtvebSi sisxlis miwodebis gaumjobeseba.

� saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis dauyonebliv gamoZaxeba

dazianebulis gamoyvana Znelad misadgomi adgilebidandazianebulis gamoyvana Znelad misadgomi adgilebidandazianebulis gamoyvana Znelad misadgomi adgilebidandazianebulis gamoyvana Znelad misadgomi adgilebidan

daSavebulis gadayvanadaSavebulis gadayvanadaSavebulis gadayvanadaSavebulis gadayvana

tradiciulad, policieli aris adamiani, romelic specialur wvrTnas gadis

da pirvel rigSi evaleba daSavebulis gadayvana SemTxvevis adgilidan.

Tavdapirvelad daSavebulis gadaadgileba ar SeiZleba manam, sanam mas srulad

ar gasinjaven da misi mdgomareoba stabiluri ar iqneba. daSavebulis

gadaadgileba srul gasinjvamde mxolod gamouval mdgomareobaSia dasaSvebi,

roca policielis an daSavebulis sicocxles safrTxe emuqreba.

a. erTi adamianis mier daSavebulis gaTreviT gadaadgilebaa. erTi adamianis mier daSavebulis gaTreviT gadaadgilebaa. erTi adamianis mier daSavebulis gaTreviT gadaadgilebaa. erTi adamianis mier daSavebulis gaTreviT gadaadgileba

Tu eWvobT, rom daSavebuls dazianebuli aqvs kiseri an xerxemali, msgavsi

meTodiT gadayvana dauSvebelia, Tu amas aucilebloba ar moiTxovs.

procedura Semdegnairia:

moaTavseT daSavebuli mjdomare poziciaSi.

dadeqiT daSavebulis zurgs ukan, mklavebi mxrebqveS SeucureT da mkerdze

moaTavseT ise, rom daSavebulis gadajvaredinebul mklavebs CaeWidoT.

220

awieT fexebiT.

daSavebuli gadaTrviT gadaadgileT ukan.

b. orb. orb. orb. ori adamians mier daSavebulis gadayvana kritikul situaciaSii adamians mier daSavebulis gadayvana kritikul situaciaSii adamians mier daSavebulis gadayvana kritikul situaciaSii adamians mier daSavebulis gadayvana kritikul situaciaSi

pirveli mSveleli mimarTavs igive

xerxs, romelsac erTi adamianis mier

daSavebulis gaTreviT gadaadgilebis

SemTxvevaSi.

meore mSveleli ikavebs pozicias

daSavebulis fexebs Soris saxis imave

mimarTulebiT, rogoric pirvel

mSvelels ukavia.

meore mSveleli fexebSi CasWidebs

xelebs daSavebuls da orive mSveleli

erTdroulad awevs daSavebuls.

g. ori adamianis mier daSavebulis g. ori adamianis mier daSavebulis g. ori adamianis mier daSavebulis g. ori adamianis mier daSavebulis

akvniseburi gadayvanaakvniseburi gadayvanaakvniseburi gadayvanaakvniseburi gadayvana

mSvelelebi orive mxridan miudgebian

daSavebuls.

daSavebuls mjdomare poziciaSi aweven,

am dros daSavebulis mklavebi

mSvelelebis mxrebzea moTavsebuli.

mSvelelebi erTmaneTs xels CasWideben

daSavebulis zurgs ukan meore xeli ki

imisTvis gamoiyeneba, rom daSavebulis mxari

daafiqsiron.

orive mSvelelma erTdroulad unda imoqmedos

da daSavebulTan axlos arsebuli xeli

erTmaneTs CasWidon daSavebulis fexebqveS.

d. samxedro sakaciT gadayvana d. samxedro sakaciT gadayvana d. samxedro sakaciT gadayvana d. samxedro sakaciT gadayvana

orive mSveleli erTi mimarTulebiT dgas da

gadahyavs daSavebuli.

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sagangebo situaciebze sagangebo situaciebze samedicino … · 2019-09-17 · aseve, saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebiT (1949 wlis 12 agvistos Jenevis konvencia, damatebiTi oqmi #1,