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Salty Days Along the Santa Ana: A Western Story. Celeste Cantú ACWA 9/30/10. What is Salt?. Dietary mineral essential to human life Salt regulates fluid balance allowing proper body function Recommended Daily Intake 1,500 mg/ day Average American Intake 4,000 – 6,000 mg/ day. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SALTY DAYS ALONG THE SANTA ANA: A WESTERN
STORY
Celeste CantúACWA 9/30/10
What is Salt? Dietary mineral essential
to human life
Salt regulates fluid balance allowing proper body function
Recommended Daily Intake 1,500 mg/ day
Average American Intake 4,000 – 6,000 mg/ day
Salt & Civilization
When we say “salary” and “worth his salt” we’re talking salt: Roman army required salt
for its soldiers, horses, and livestock
Soldiers at times paid in salt
Latin word sal (sal) later became the French word solde, the origin of the word, soldier.
Salt & Recent History
“All the great centers of civilization on the American continents were founded in places with access to salt.”
“The history of the Americas is one of constant warfare over salt. Whoever controlled salt was in power. “
“Let there be work, bread, water, and salt for all.”
Nelson Mandela
The Erie canal, 1825.
Civil War illustration, 1862.
Environmental Costs of Salt
“Even before true industrialization had overtaken England . . [the] sky [was] blackened twenty four hours a day from clouds of smoke from the salt pan furnaces.”
“Barren white scars were etched into the pastureland . . . And the earth itself was beginning to collapse.”
Degraded Agricultural Lands
Salt in soil and aquifer
Second and Third Gold Rushes
A Legacy of Imported Water
Salt in Our Groundwater
Percolation
StormwaterIrrigation*
* imported water, groundwater, or reclaimed water
H2O
Evaporation
Runoff toStream / River / Ocean Runoff
Runoff GroundwaterSaltsSalts
SaltsSalts
SaltsSalts
Salt
Leve
lSa
lt Le
vel
Location in WatershedLocation in Watershed
OceanOcean
Riverside/Corona
Perris/Hemet
Elsinore
Bunker Hill
Chino
OrangeCounty
How Bad is It?
1.2 Million Tons/Yr
1.2 Million Tons/Yr
0.6
Mill
ion
Tons
/Yr
0.6
Mill
ion
Tons
/Yr
0.6 Million Tons/Yr0.6 Million Tons/Yr
37,000 dump trucks lined upend-to-end from Los Angeles
to Las Vegas (every year)
37,000 dump trucks lined upend-to-end from Los Angeles
to Las Vegas (every year)
Santa Ana River Watershed and Groundwater BasinsSanta Ana River Watershed and Groundwater Basins
Salt Levels (TDS)
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
SacramentoDelta
ColoradoRiver
Groundwater BrineHumanTears
Seawater SaltonSea
TDS
(mg/
L or
ppm
)
300 700
250-4,000
3,000-10,0007,000
30,000
44,000
Potable Water Use< 1,000 mg/l TDS
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
SacramentoDelta
ColoradoRiver
Groundwater BrineHumanTears
Seawater SaltonSea
TDS
(mg/
L or
ppm
)
300 700
250-4,000
3,000-10,0007,000
30,000
44,00045,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
SacramentoDelta
ColoradoRiver
Groundwater BrineHumanTears
Seawater SaltonSea
TDS
(mg/
L or
ppm
)
300 700
250-4,000
3,000-10,0007,000
30,000
44,00045,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
SacramentoDelta
ColoradoRiver
Groundwater BrineHumanTears
Seawater SaltonSea
TDS
(mg/
L or
ppm
)
300 700
250-4,000
3,000-10,0007,000
30,000
44,00045,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
SacramentoDelta
ColoradoRiver
Groundwater BrineHumanTears
Seawater SaltonSea
TDS
(mg/
L or
ppm
)
300 700
250-4,000
3,000-10,0007,000
30,000
44,00045,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
SacramentoDelta
ColoradoRiver
Groundwater BrineHumanTears
Seawater SaltonSea
TDS
(mg/
L or
ppm
)
300 700
250-4,000
3,000-10,0007,000
30,000
44,00045,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
SacramentoDelta
ColoradoRiver
Groundwater BrineHumanTears
Seawater SaltonSea
TDS
(mg/
L or
ppm
)
300 700
250-4,000
3,000-10,0007,000
30,000
44,00045,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
SacramentoDelta
ColoradoRiver
Groundwater BrineHumanTears
Seawater SaltonSea
TDS
(mg/
L or
ppm
)
300 700
250-4,000
3,000-10,0007,000
30,000
44,00045,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
SacramentoDelta
ColoradoRiver
Groundwater BrineHumanTears
Seawater SaltonSea
TDS
(mg/
L or
ppm
)
300 700
250-4,000
3,000-10,0007,000
30,000
44,000
OCWD WMWD EMWD
SBVMWD
IEUASan Bernardino
Chino
Ontario
Corona
Riverside
HuntingtonBeach
Temecula
San BernardinoCounty
RiversideCounty
Los AngelesCounty
OrangeCounty
Santa Ana RiverWatershedBoundary
OCSD Plant No. 1OCSD Plant No. 1
OCSD Plant No. 2OCSD Plant No. 2
Brine Line
The Good News….Inland Empire Brine Line
93 Mile Long Gravity System
Inland Empire Brine Line:Goals
Support brackish groundwater desalting
Provide salt disposal options in Inland Empire“Best kept secret in the Inland
Empire” Manage salt in Santa Ana
Watershed basins
Currently underutilized and not well known outside water community
Inland Empire Brine Line
Major Dischargers 6 Brackish Groundwater Desalters
(50 MGD of potable water; 250,000 Persons) 3 Power Plants (~2000 MW; ~1.5 M Homes) 2 State Prisons (~10,000 inmates) Various Industries Other Domestic Wastewater Truck Dischargers
(4 stations, ~ 60 trucks/day)
Brine Line Users
DESALTING INDUSTRIAL COOLING
Brine Line Users
BIOTECHNOLOGY FOOD PROCESSING
Just Passing Through….
Line passes through Prado Dam
Flows along Santa Ana River 20 miles
Flows treated at OCSD Plant #2 Most costs pass-
through treatment costs
Benefits to Orange County
Protection of drinking water basin
Avoided desalination costs
Potential supply- delivery of 32,000 AF/yr By gravity to
Anaheim Basins
Total Water Costs
Overall Desalter Recovery (%) 70% 100%
Zero Liquid Discharge
Maximizing water recovery needs to remain affordable
95%
Brine Concentrator
CrystallizerConcentrate Volume Reduction
Current/Potential Salt Sources
Waste Haulers
Groundwater
Desalters
Brine Concentrator
To Reuse/GW Recharge
To WaterSupply
To reuse/supply B
rine
Bri
ne
Bri
ne
Brine
Reclamation
SARI
Directly Connected High TDS Sources
and Domestic
Wastewater
Wastewater Treatment Plants
Dump Statio
ns
Model Forecast of TDS Concentration for the Chino North Management Zone
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
Year
TD
S C
on
cen
trat
ion
(m
g/L
)
Groundwater quality degradation, mainly driven by:
Pumping Irrigation Consumptive Use Concentrated Returns
Model Forecast of TDS Concentration for the Chino North Management Zone
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
Year
TD
S C
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(m
g/L
)
Groundwater quality degradation, mainly driven by:
Pumping Irrigation Consumptive Use Concentrated Returns
With use of recycled water for direct uses and supplemental water recharge
