samagistro tema kaxa axali

1obieqturi da individualuri Seracxva

obieqturi da individualuri Seracxva

Oobieqturi da individualuri Seracxvis problemebi

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT

K

kaxaber moseSvili

samagistro naSromi Sesrulebulia

saqarTvelos universitetis

samarTlis skolis

magistris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad

xelmZRvaneli: profesori merab turava

eqsperti: profesori giorgi TumaniSvili

Tbilisi

2011


samagistro naSromi Sesrulebulia Cems mier, ar gamomiyenebia literatura

saTanado miTiTebis gareSe da vacnobiereb siyalbis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi

Cemi Sedegis baTilad cnobis realobas.

Kkaxaber moseSvili

Sesavali

Tavi I. obieqturi Seracxvis problema qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze

1. Qqmedebis Semadgenloba (mokle analizi)

1.1.Q qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenloba zogadad

1.2. qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenloba da Sedegis Seracxva

2. mizezobrivi kavSiri

2.1. mizezobrivi kavSiris Teoriebi

2.2. ekvivalenturobis (pirobaTa) Teoria

2.3. moZRvreba kanonzomieri pirobis Sesaxeb

2.4. adekvaturobis Teoria

2.5. relevanturobis Teoria

2.6. generaluri mizezobriobis Teoria

3. mizezobriobis saxeebi

3.1. alternatiuli anu ormagi mizezobrioba

3.2. kumulaciuri mizezobrioba

3.3. hipoTeturi da sxva msgavsi mizezobrioba

3.4. mizezobrivi kavSiri, rogorc obieqturi Seracxvis aucilebeli winapiroba

3.5. mizezobrivi kavSirisa da Sedegis Seracxvis problema sabWour sisxlis

samarTalSi

4. obieqturi Seracxva


4.1. Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva

4.2. Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis problematuri SemTxvevebi.

4.3. Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis calkeuli problemebi

4.3.1. riskis Teoria

4.3.2. riskis Semcireba

4.3.3. riskis amaRleba

4.3.4. mizezTa samarTlebrivi urTierTkavSiri

4.3.5 mizezobrivi kavSiris atipiuri ganviTareba

4.3.6. adamianis nebisgan damoukideblad ganviTarebuli atipiuri

mizezobrioba

4.3.7. normis dacvis miznis Teoria

4.3.8. dazaralebulis piradi pasuxisgeblobiT gamowveuli safrTxe

4.3.9. TviTmkvlelobaSi (suicidSi) aqtiuri Tanamonawileoba

4.3.10. TviTmkvlelobaSi (suicidSi) pasiuri Tanamonawileoba 4.3.11. pasuxismgebloba qmedebaze batonobisaTvis da msxverplis piradi

pasuxismgebloba

4.3.12. umoqmedoba moqmedebiT

4.3.13. obieqturi Seracxva moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris pirdapiri anu

uSualo kavSiris ararsebobis dros. regresis akrZalva.

4.3.14. mizezobrivi kavSiris savaraudo ganviTarebis Sesaxeb daSvebuli

Secdoma

4.3.15. Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis problemebi common law sistemis

mixedviT

Tavi II. individualuri Seracxvis problema bralis etapze

1. danaSulis subieqtis individualuri pasuxismgebloba

2. bralis normatiuli cneba da misi saxeebi

3. bralis funqcionaluri cneba


4. bralis struqtura

5. individualuri Seracxvis problemebi bralunarianobis da misi

gamomricxveli garemoebebis dros

6. individualuri Seracxvis problema sisxlis samarTalSi

6.1. Seuracxaoba

6.2. Seuracxaoba asakis gamo

6.3. Seuracxaoba fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo

6.4. SezRuduli Seracxadoba

6.5. simTvraleSi Cadenili qmedeba, Actio libera in causa

7. individualuri Seracxvis drosBbralis gamomricxveli sapatiebeli

garemoebebi

7.1. Secdoma akrZalvaSi

7.2. moCvenebiTi mogerieba (boroti ganzraxva)

7.3. brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesruleba

7.4. Aaucilebeli mogeriebis eqscesi

7.5. individualuri Seracxvis problemebi sapatiebeli ukiduresi

aucileblobis dros

7.5.1. sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba

7.5.2. sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba viwro gagebiT

7.5.3. iZulebiTi ukiduresi aucilebloba

7.5.4. sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba farTo gagebiT

7.5.5. Secdoma bralis gamomricxvel sapatiebel garemoebebTan

dakavSirebiT

8. D daskvna

Sesavali


Tanamedrove qarTuli materialuri sisxlis samarTali agebulia danaSaulis

samsafexurian sistemaze, romelic saTaves me-19 saukunis bolos germanul

sisxlis samarTlis klasikur sistemaSi iRebs. qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mecniereba,

gansakuTrebiT TinaTin wereTlisa da oTar gamyreliZis naSromebi, orientirebulia

germanul sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaze1. danaSaulis samsafexuriani sistema

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi formiT dRes TiTqmis erTxmad aris aRiarebuli, maSin,

rodesac mis Sinaarsobriv mxaresTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs azrTa

sxvadasxvaoba. danaSaulis calkeuli obieqturi da subieqturi niSnebis adgili da

Sinaarsi danaSaulis sistemaSi qmedebis Semadgenlobis, marTlwinaaRmdegobisa

da bralis etapze kvlav diskusiis sagans warmoadgens2.

TinaTin wereTelma jer kidev gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi

Camoayaliba Tavisi Sexeduleba danaSaulis samsafexuriani sistemis Sesaxeb,3

magram, vinaidan gabatonebuli sabWoTa moZRvreba danaSaulis sistemas

gansxvavebulad ayalibebda4, qarTul sauniversiteto swavlebasa da sasamarTlo

praqtikaSi wlebis manZilze mas naklebi yuradReba eqceoda, xolo danaSaulis

samsafexuriani sistema oTar gamyreliZem SemdgomSi ganaviTara igi.

dReisaTvis aRiarebulia garemoeba, rom qmedebis Semadgenloba, iseve,

rogorc marTlwinaaRmdegoba da brali, danaSaulis erT-erTi niSania 5. qmedebis

Semadgenloba ki, Tavis mxriv Sedgeba, ori nawilis: qmedebis obieqturi da

qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobebisagan 6.

danaSaulis qarTuli sistema gansxvavdeba anglo-amerikulisagan da

germanuli sisxlis samarTlis zegavlenas ganicdis.

Cemi samagistro naSromis mizania, gaanalizos obieqturi da individualuri

Seracxvis problemebi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi. amasTan gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba daeTmoba moZRvrebas obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb, romelic

warmoadgens swored qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis erT-erT


umniSvnelovanes kategorias. igi 80-iani wlebis Sua periodidan gabatonda

germanulenovan sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi da aseve didi rezonansi moipova

espaneTSi, laTinur amerikaSi, poloneTSi da mniSvnelovania saerTaSoriso sisxlis

samarTalSic7. obieqturi Seracxvis moZRvreba qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi naklebad

aris cnobili igi sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis SedarebiT axali institutia. es instituti

Semoaqvs qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi da swored am axal dogmatikaze saubrobs

pirvelad profesori merab turava man es sakiTxi wamoayena da asaxa mis sisxlis

samarTlis zogadi nawilis saxelmZRvanelos me-7 gamocemaSi.

samagistro naSromis mizania gaanalizos obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb

Tanamedrove moZRvrebis ganviTareba, romelic bolo periodamde ucnobi iyo

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlisaTvis.

obieqturi Seracxvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi kategoria qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi

imsaxurebs aRiarebas igi sisxlis samarTalSi ar yofila bolo periodamde mecnieruli

diskusiis sagani. Aam Teoriis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom miuxedavad

qmedebasa da Sedegs Soris mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobisa, pirovnebas

SeiZleba obieqturad mainc ar Seeracxos damdgari Sedegi, maSin, rodesac

mizezobrivi kavSiris e.w. pirobaTa TeoriiT dadgenis gareSe Sedegis obieqturi

Seracxva ver moxdeba.

Oobieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb moZRvrebis ganviTareba qarTul sisxlis

samarTalSi warmoadgens mizezobrivi kavSiris Sesaxeb TinaTin wereTlis

Sexedulebebis Semdgom ganviTarebas 8.

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi dRemde arsebobs Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviTac,

qmedebis Semadgenlobis etapze Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis sakiTxebi

tradiciulad mizezobrivi kavSiris farglebSi wydeba.

Aadreuli germanuli klasikuri sisxlis samarTlis dogmatika, aseve finalizmi,

miiCnevs, rom mizezobrivi kavSiris arseboba sakmarisi pirobaa qmedebis

obieqturi Semadgenlobis dasadgenad, xolo obieqturi Seracxva miiCneva


qmedebis subieturi Semadgenlobis problemad. Aam Sexedulebis mixedviT,

ganzraxva gamoiricxeba im SemTxvevaSi, roca adgili aqvs mniSvnelovan

gadaxras piris warmodgenaSi arsebul da raealurad ganviTarebul mizezobriobas

Soris aseve atipiuri mizezobriobis SemTxvevaSi, Tu Sedegi marTlac dadgeba,

mizezobrioba saxezea, magram mkvlelobis subieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze

ganzraxva gamoiricxeba, radgan pirs ara aqvs mkvlelobis nebeloba, radgan mas

ar gaaCnia movlenaTa ganviTarebaze realuri zegavlenis moxdenis SesaZlebloba.

zogierTi avtori aseT atipiur SemTxvevas mizezobrivi kavSiris (Conditio sine qua non-

formula)Ggamonaklisad miiCnevs. maTi azriT, yovelgvari gonivruli varaudis

miRma mdgomi Sedegis SemTxvevaSi ar arsebobs mizezobrioba. gansxvavebiT

am poziciisa, zogierTi avtori aseT dros axdens marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamoricxvas.

Sualeduri poziciis mixedviT, Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva unda moxdes

mizezobrivi kavSiris farglebSi, xolo obieqturi kavSiris calke gamoyofa unda

moxdes mxolod problematur SemTxvevebSi. MmaSasadame, am SexedulebiT,

mizezobrivi kavSiri yovelTvis ar unda ganivrcos obieqturi Seracxvis kategoriiT.

Aam poziciis mimdevrebi obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb moZRvrebis saWiroebas

gaufrTxilebel danaSaulSi aRiareben, xolo ganzrax danaSaulebSi mis

mniSvnelobas sadavod miiCneven.

sisxlis samarTalSi aseve ganviTarda Tanamedrove mimdinareoba, romelic

bunebriv mizezobriobas yvela SemTxvevaSi miiCnevs obieqturi Seracxvis

aucilebel, magram arasakmaris pirobad. Aam Sexedulebis mimdevrebi

mizezobriobas, rogorc qmedebis Semadgenlobis niSans, obieqturi Seracxvis

Tanamedrove damoukidebeli kategoriiT ganavrcoben. Oobieqturi Seracxvis am

orsafexurian moZRvrebas (mizezobrivi kavSiri da obiequri Seracxva) dRes

araerTi cnobili ucxoeli mecnieri uWers mxars.


Pprofesori merab turava Tavis naSromebSi mis mier qarTul sisxlis

samarTalSi SemoRebuli am axali Sinaarsis obieqturi Seracxvis instituts, anu Tu

rogor unda moxdes piris mimarT mis mier Cadenili qmedebis obieqturad

Seracxva is ayalibebs Semdegnairad: `Sedegian deliqtebSi moqmedebasa da

Sedegs Soris kavSiri or safexurad unda dadgindes: pirvel safexurze unda

Semowmdes kauzaloba qmedebasa da Sedegs Soris, xolo mxolod amis Semdeg,

meore etapze, unda gairkves, piris qmedebisagan damdgari Sedegi mas

obieqturadac unda Seeracxos Tu ara. maSin, rodesac specialistis profesiul

Sefasebas da empiriuli dakvirvebiTa da bunebiskanonebis gamoyenebiT SeiZleba

dadgindes, misgan gansxvavebiT, obieqturi Seracxva warmoadgens wminda

SefasebiT-samarTlebriv kategorias. Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva niSnavs imas,

rom pirs Tavisi qceviT gamowveuli Sedegi aseve normatiuladac, rogorc `sakuTari

qmnileba~, e.i. rogorc personaluri umarTloba unda Seeracxos9.

swored am da sxva sakiTxebis ganxilva warmoadgens Cemi samagistro

naSromis ganxilvis sagans.

sisxlis samarTlis dogmatika da sasamarTlo praqtika erTmaneTisagan

ganasxvavebs mizezobrivi kavSirisa da obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva

Sexedulebebs, romelTagan cnobilia ekvivalenturobis, adekvaturobis,

relevanturobis, kanonzomieri pirobis, riskis amaRlebis, regresisis akrZalvis,

mizezTa samarTlebrivi urTierTkavSirisa da sxva Teoriebi.

iseve, rogorc moqmedebis cnebam, mizezobriobis Teoriamac ganicada

ganviTareba, Tu Tavdapirvelad saxeze iyo wminda naturalisturi suraTi, romelsac

Seesabameboda moqmedebis kauzluri cneba da mizezobriobis ekvivalenturobis

Teoria, sisxlis samarTlis normatiuli Sinaarsis ganviTarebasTan erTad

Camoyalibda obieqturi Seracxvis Tanamedrove moZRvreba.

samagistro naSromSi ganxilul iqneba is SemTxveva, roca, miuxedavad

moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobisa, Sedegis am


moqmedebis CamdenisaTvis obieqturad Seracxva ver moxdeba. sisxlis

samarTalSi saxeldeba obieqturi Seracxvis ramdenime aseTi problematuri

SemTxveva Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva unda gamoiricxos Tu:

_ Sedegis gamomwvevi qmedeba aris riskis Semamcirebeli;

_ moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris arsebobs movlenaTa atipiuri ganviTarebiT

gamowveuli kavSiri;

_ Sedegi dgas darRveuli normis dacvis miznis sferos gareT;

_ Sedegi windaxedulobis normiT gaTvaliswinebul movaleobaTa Sesabamisi

alternatiuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis drosac dadgeboda;

_ Sedegi dadga dazaralebulis piradi pasuxisgeblobiT gamowveuli

TviTsafrTxis an TviTdazianebis Sedegad;

_ Sedegis dadgoma dgas adamianuri nebis batonobis SesaZleblobebis

gareT;

_ pirvel moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris moxda dazaralebulis (mcxverpli),

mesame piris, bunebis Zalis an TviT damnaSavis pasuxismgebeli meore

moqmedeba, romliTac axali damatebiTi safrTxe warmoiSva10.

Ggarda obieqturi Seracxvis problemisa, samagistro naSromSi ganxilul

iqneba individuluri Seracxvis sakiTxebi.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-7 muxlis Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba

sasjelis dakisreba individualuri bralis gareSe, brali aris mosamarTlis mier piris

individualur-samarTlebrivi gakicxva mis mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedebisaTvis, anu brali aris individis gakicxva11. Mpiri mxolod maSin unda

daisajos, roca arsebobs misTvis marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis inividualurad

Seracxvis samarTlebrivi safuZveli12.

pirma SesaZloa Caidina iseTi qmedeba, romelic mas obieqturad Seeracxos

da marTlsawinaaRmdegi xasiaTisaa, magram miuxedavad am ori komponentisa

SeiZleba mas es qmedeba bralad ar Seeracxos, vinaidan fizikuri piris brali


arsebobs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba

Caidina Semdegi pirobebis arsebobisas:

- bralunarianobis (Seracxadobis) mdgomreobaSi; marTlwinaaRmdegobis

SegnebiT (viwro gagebiT); ganzraxi an (gaufrTxilebeli) braliT, romelic asabuTebs

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis arsebobas farTo gagebiT; bralis gamomricxveli

romelime sapatiebeli garemoebis ararsebobis viTarebaSi. xolo Tu zemoT

aRniSnuli pirobebidan Tu erTi mainc ar iqneba, piris mier Cadenil qmedebaSi,

mas mis mier Cadenili qmedeba bralad ver Seeracxeba.

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Cadena damokidebuli ar aris piris

bralunarianobaze, misi Cadena SeuZlia suliT avadmyofsac sisxlis samarTalSi piris

qmedunarianoba myarad aris gamijnuli misi bralunarianobisagan,

qmedunarianobis dros dgindeba piris unari, SeuZlia Tu ara ganaxorcielos

sxeulebrivi gadaadgileba garsamyaroSi. suliT avadmyofsa da bavSvsac SeuZlia

iyos qmedunariani, bralunarianobis dros ki, wydeba sakiTxi, iyo Tu ara piri normis

vargisi adresati, romelsac aqvs nebis Tavisufleba da Tavis nebaze batonobis

unari. Bbralunarianobas gansazRvravs piris Seracxadoba, xolo bralis

gamomricxveli garemoebebia: Seuracxaoba, kerZod, asakis gamo, fsiqikuri

daavadebis gamo, samarTlebrivi Secdoma, moqmedeba boroti ganzraxvisa da,

roca qmedebis gaufrTxileblobiT Cadena dasjadia, individualuri gaufrTxileblobis

gareSe, brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesruleba da bralis gamomricxveli

sapatiebeli zekanonuri garemoebebi, xolo SezRuduli Seracxadoba ki

warmoadgens ara bralis gamomricxvel aramed bralis Semamsubuqebel

garemoebas.

Cems samagistro naSromSi vrclad ganvixilav Sedegis obieqturi da

individualuri Seracxvis zogierT problematur SemTxvevas. Mmizezobrivi kavSiris

arseboba rodi niSnavs imas, rom Sedegi yovelTvis obieqturad da individualurad


unda Seeracxos pirs. Mmizezobrivi kavSiris dadgenis Semdeg Sedegis Seracxva

unda moxdes sam etapad:

a) Qqmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze qmedebis obieqturi

Seracxva;

b)Qqmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze (ganzraxi) Sedegis subieqturi

Seracxva; (gaufrTxilebel danaSauls ara aqvs subieqturi Semadgenloba.

g) bralis etapze Sedegis individualuri Seracxva.

Kklasikuri gagebiT, Tavdapirvelad xdeba mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgena

ekvivalenturobis (pirobaTa) TeoriiT, xolo Semdeg Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva

aseve mizezobrivi kavSiris farglebSi, rac imas niSnavs, rom vinaidan pirobaTa

TeoriiT mizezobriobis wre Zalze farToa, mizezobriobis farglebSive

samarTalgamoyenebis procesSi xdeba misi koreqtura adekvaturobis an

relevanturobis TeoriiT, rac imas niSnavs, rom mizezobriobis pirobebidan xdeba

~aucilebeli` , ~uSualo` an ~relevanturi` pirobebis gamoyofa. igi mizezobriobis

jaWvSi pirobaTa usasrulobaSi samarTlebrivi SefasebebiT dadgena, Tanamedrove

gagebiT ki, obieqturi Seracxvis procesi gatanilia mizezobriobidan qmedebis

obieqturi Semadgenlobis calke damoukidebel instanciad.

Mmeore etapze, anu subieqtur sferoSi xdeba (ganzraxva) Sedegis

subieqturi Seracxva, xolo sabolood obieqturi mizezobriobiT dawyebuli Seracxvis

procesi individualuri braleuli SeracxviT gvirgvindeba.

samagistro naSromis Temad Oqmedebis obieqturi da individualuri Seracxvis

arCeva, swored sakiTxis aqtualobam ganapiroba. sainteresoa axali moZRvreba

`qmedebis obieqturi Seracxvis~ Sesaxeb, kerZod, Tu rogor mkvidrdeba igi

sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikasa da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi.

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Cemi mizania detalurad ganvixilo es

obieqturi Seracxvis moZRvreba, Tu rogor unda Seeracxos pirs mis mier Cadenili

qmedeba obieqturad da ra SemTxvevaSi ar Seeracxeba mas mis mier Cadenili


qmedeba obieqturad miuxedevad imisa, rom Cadenil qmedebasa da damdgar

Sedges Soris arsebobs mizezobrivi kavSiri (Conditio sine qua non-formula). Aaseve

ganxilul iqneba sakiTxi Tu ra SemTxvevaSi ar Seeracxeba pirs individualurad mis

mier Cadenili qmedeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas qmedeba obieqturad,

subieqturad Seeracxa da mis mier Cadenili qmedeba aris marTlsawinaaRmdego

xasiaTis matarebeli.

Cems samagistro naSromSi warmodgenili problemebi ganxilul iqneba or

nawilad _ pirvel nawilSi mocemuli iqnebaDqmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis

etapze qmedebis obieqturi Seracxva, xolo meore nawili daeTmoba bralis etapze

Sedegis individualur Seracxvas.

naSromSi gamoyenebuli iqneba istoriuli, sistemuri da SedarebiT _

samarTlebrivi analizis meTodebi.

daskvniT nawilSi warmodgenili iqneba obieqturi da individualuri Seracxvis

mniSvneloba qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis samecniero sivrceSi da misi saWiroeba

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis praqtikis farglebSi.

Tavi I. obieqturi Seracxvis problema qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis

etapze

1. qmedebis Semadgenloba (mokle analizi)

qarTuli materialuri sisxlis samarTali agebulia danaSaulis samsafexurian

sistemaze, romelic saTaves germanul sisxlis samarTlis klasikur sistemaSi iRebs.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mecniereba, gansakuTrebiT TinaTin wereTlisa da oTar

gamyreliZis naSromebi, orientirebulia germanul sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikze .

danaSaulis samsafexuriani sistema qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi formiT dRes TiTqmis

erTxmad aris aRiarebuli, maSin, rodesac mis Sinaarsobriv mxaresTan

dakavSirebiT arsebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. danaSaulis calkeuli obieqturi da

subieqturi niSnebis adgili da Sinaarsi danaSaulis sistemaSi qmedebis


Semadgenlobis, marTlwinaaRmdegobisa da bralis etapze kvlav diskusiis sagans

warmoadgens.

TinaTin wereTelma jer kidev gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi

Camoayaliba Tavisi Sexeduleba danaSaulis samsafexuriani sistemis Sesaxeb,

xolo oTar gamyreliZem SemdgomSi ganaviTara igi.

dReisaTvis aRiarebulia garemoeba, rom qmedebis Semadgenloba, iseve,

rogorc marTlwinaaRmdegoba da brali, danaSaulis erT-erTi niSania. qmedebis

Semadgenloba ki, Tavis mxriv Sedgeba, ori nawilis: qmedebis obieqturi da

qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobebisagan.

danaSaulis Semadgenlobis cneba ganimarteba, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis

kanonmdeblobaSi aseve sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSic, materialuri Semadgenlobis

mqone danaSaulebSi, magaliTad, mkvlelobisaTvis, sazogadoebrivad saSiS

qmedebasTan erTad arsebobs aseve garkveuli Sedegi da mizezobrivi kavSiri

qmedebasa da Sedegs Soris. 13

danaSaulis qarTuli sistema gansxvavdeba anglo-amerikulisagan da

germanuli sisxlis samarTlis zegavlenas ganicdis.

danaSauli aris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli, anu sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli qmedeba.

1.1.Q qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenloba (zogadad)

qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenloba axdens konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis,

garesamyaroSi momxdari adamianuri qcevebis umarTlobad tipizirebas.

qmedebis Semadgenlobis obieqturi (garegani) niSnebi aris arsobrivad aRqmadi

sagnebi da movlenebi. qmedebis Semadgenlobis es niSnebi Tavis mxriv iyofa or

jgufad: qmedebis Semadgenlobis deskrifciul (aRwerilobiT) da normatiul

(SefasebiT) niSnebad. aRwerilobiTi niSnebia, magaliTad, adamiani, nivTi, xolo

SefasebiTi _ magaliTad, gansakuTrebuli sisastike. qmedebis aRwerilobiTi

niSnebic sisxlis samarTalSi yovelTvis garkveul Sefasebas moiTxovs, magaliTad


adamianis mkvlelobis SemadgenlobaSi. imisaTvis, rom ganisazRvros, Tu rodis

aris adamiani sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqti, unda dadgindes misi sicocxlis

dasawyisi da dasasruli.

qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis aucilebeli pirobaa qmedebis Cadena,

anu fizikuri piris mier sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT daculi samarTlebrivi sikeTis

xelyofa an misTvis safrTxis Seqmna.

2006 wlis 25 ivlisis saqarTvelos kanoniT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsma SemoiRo

iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba.

rac Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT dacul samarTlebriv sikeTes aris ori saxis:

individualuri samarTlebrivi sikeTe (sicocxle, janmrTeloba da a.S.) da sayovelTao

samarTlebrivi sikeTe (saxelmwifos konstitucuri wes-wyobileba, sazogadoebrivi

uSiSroeba da wesrigi da a.S.).

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT, qmedeba SeiZleba gamoixatos

moqmedebaSi an umoqmedobaSi.

magaliTad:

T.-m mokla b. TavSi aguris CartymiT-qmedebis Semadgenloba ganxorcielda

moqmedebiT.

T.-m cecxlmokidebuli saxlidan ar gamoiyvana b. – qmedebis Semadgenloba

ganxorcielda umoqmedobiT, xolo umoqmedoba arsebobs ori saxis: wminda

umoqmedoba da Sereuli umoqmedoba. wminda umoqmedobis magaliTia:

gansacdelSi mitoveba, dauxmarebloba da. a. S. xolo Sereuli umoqmedebis

magaliTia: dedis mier mcirewlovani Svilis sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgomis surviliT

ganzrax sakvebis gareSe oTaxSi Caketva, rasac Sedegi realurad mohyva.

1.2. qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenloba da Sedegis Seracxva

e.w. Sedegian danaSaulebSi (mkvleloba, janmrTelobis dazianeba da a.S.)

aucilebelia danaSaulebrivi Sedegis dadgoma, Tu aseTi Sedegi ar dadga,

ganzraxvis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba saubari mxolod danaSaulis


mcdelobaze. amgvar danaSaulebSi aucilebelia mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgena

qmedebasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris, aseTi kavSiris dadgenis gareSe pirs ar

SeiZleba Sedegi Seeracxos obieqturad. dasjadia rogorc moqmedebiT, aseve

umoqmedobiT Cadenili ganzraxi danaSaulis mcdeloba.

moqmedebisagan gansxvavebiT, Sedegi aris qmedebis Semadgenlobis

fakultaturi elementi moqmedebiT Cadenili ganzraxi danaSaulebisaTvis misi

dadgena ar aris saWiro e.w. Sedeg gareSe anu formaluri SemadgenlobebisaTvis,

xolo e.w. Sedegian ganzrax deliqtebSi Sedegis gareSe ar arsebobs damTavrebuli

danaSauli da piri SeiZleba daisajos mxolod ganzraxi danaSaulis mcdelobisaTvis

an momzadebisaTvis, Tu Cadenilia gansakuTrebiT mZime, mZime an zogierTi

naklebad mZime danaSauli. gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia

Sedegis dadgoma. Tu Sedegi ar dadga piri ar daisjeba sisxlis samarTlis wesiT,

radgan ar arsebos gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis mcdeloba.

TinaTin wereTlis azriT, sisxlis samarTlis kanoni danaSaulis Sedegis cnebas ori:

farTo da viwro mniSvnelobiT ixilavs, farTo mnioSvnelobiT Sedegi yoveli

danaSaulis ganuyofel elements warmoadgens, xolo Sedegi viwro gagebiT zogierT

danaSauls axasiaTebs, romelsac qarTul sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi

Cveulebrivad `materialuri~ deliqti an Sedegiani danaSauli ewodeba14.

2. mizezobrivi kavSiri

Mmizezobrivi kavSiris sakiTxi damoukidebeli mecniereuli Seswavlis sagani

gaxda sisxlis samarTlis burJuaziuli mecnierebis warmoSobasa da

ganviTarebasTan erTad. saSualo saukuneebis doqtrinas mizezobrivi kavSiri

ainteresebda mxolod rogorc kerZo sakiTxi mkvlelobisa da sxeulis

dazianebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis dros am periodebis iuristebi

ayalibebdnen calke, kerZo xasiaTis debulebebs konkretul kazusebebTan

dakavSirebiT. mgaliTad, winadadebas iZleodnen, raTa mxedvelobaSi yofiliyo

miRebuli vada, romelic gavida dazaralebulis daWrasa da mis sikvdils Soris, im


iaraRis Tvisebebi, romliTac kaci daWres, Wrilobis xasiaTi, dazaralebuli organizmis

Taviseburebani da.a.S. raime zogadi xasiaTvis debulebani mizezobrivi kavSiris

Sesaxeb SemuSavebuli ar yofila.15

Mme-19 saukunidan dawyebuli, burJuaziuli kriminalistebi cdiloben SeimuSavon

zogadi debulebebi, romlebic gamosayenebeli iqneba ara marto mkvlelobisa da

sxeulis dazianebis, aramed agreTve mizezobrivi kavSiris yvela SemTxvevi

erTgvarovnad gadawyvetisTvis.16

gansakuTrebuli didi yuradReba mizezobrivi kavSiris problemas germanul sisxlis

samarTlis literaturaSi eqceoda me-19 saukunis damlevs da me-20 saukunis

dasawyisSi. Mmizezobrivi kavSiri monografiebis, statiebis, disertaciebis erT-erT

popularul Temad gadaiqca, Seiqmna auarebeli Teoriebi, romlebic erTmaneTs

mkveTrad ewinaaRmdegebodnen. rac ufro izrdeboda TeoriaTa ricxvi, miT ufro

Rrmavdeba winaaRmdegoba maT Soris.

im mravalricxovan Sexedulebebs Soris, romlebic burJuaziuli sisxlissamarTlebriv

literaturaSi gvxvdeba, yvelaze meti popularobiT rogorc mecnierebaSi, ise

sasamarTlo praqtikaSi ori Teoria sargeblobs: pirveli es aris ekvivalenturobis anu

pirobaTa tolfasovnobis Teoria, xolo meore adekvaturi Teoria.17

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-8 muxli aregulirebs mizezobrivi

kavSiris problemas.18

Sedegian danaSaulebSi, ramac sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli

qmedebis Semadgenlobis Sesabamisi Sedegi gamoiwvia, an aseTi Sedegis

safrTxe Seqmna, aucilebelia mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgena qmedebasa da

damdgar Sedegs Soris, e.i. mizezobri kavSiris dadgena gvWirdeba mxolod

Sedegin danaSaulebSi an konkretul safrTxis Seqmnel deliqtebSi, rogorc

ganzraxvis ise gaufrTxileblobis dros.

M mizezobrivi kavSiri arsebobs maSin, roca qmedeba warmoadgenda damdgari

Sedegis an konkretuli safrTxis aucilebel pirobas, uromlisodac amjerad es Sedegi


ar ganxorcieldeboda an aseTi safrTxe ar Seiqmneboda.19 magaliTad, a-m b-s

TavSi najaxis CartymiT mouspo sicocxle. AzemoT moyvanili SemTxvevis

mixedviT, qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis Semdegi sami niSnis:

moqmedebis, Sedegisa da mizezobrivi kavSiris arseboba ar aris sadavo da,

Sesabamisad, Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva eWvs ar iwvevs. Tumca aris iseTi

SemTxvevebi, rodesac Seracxvis es martivi klasikuri sqema ar aris gamosadegi,

ris gamoc Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis drosac xdeba sxvadasxva normatiuli

aspeqtebis gaTvaliswineba, magaliTad, dazaralebulis mier TviTsafrTxis Seqmna

da sxv. Ggaremoebebi.

maSasadame mizezobrivi kavSiri warmoadgens obieqturi Seracxvis aucilebel

winapirobas. araerTi qveynis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsisagan gansxvavebiT,

saqarTvelis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-8 muxli aregulirebs mizezobrivi

kavSiris problemas mizezobriobis pirobaTa Teoriis mixedviT. (Conditio sine qua non- )

Sesabamisad, mizezobrivi kavSiri qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT

warmoadgens danaSaulis daweril niSans.20 Ddogmaturad, SeiZleba dadgindes,

rom es sakanonmdeblo formula warmoadgens Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis

mxolod pirvel aucilebel daweril pirobas, romelic saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, unda

Seicvalos `kanonzomieri pirobis~ dauwereli formuliT da ganivrcos danaSaulis

dauwereli niSniT _ obieqturi Seracxvis kategoriiT21. es axali dogmatika da axli

instituti, Semoaqvs profesor merab turavas, igi am axali institutis Sesaxeb

saubrobs Tavis saxelmZRvaneloebSi magaliTad (sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis

mimoxilva me-8 gamocema), am axali dogmatikis SemoRebiTa da misi

SemdgomSi damkvidreba qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis samecniero sivrcesa da

praqtikaSi SesaZleblobas mogvcems Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis problema

samarTlianad gadawydes. Cems samagistro naSromSi swored am aqtualur axal

dogmatikaze da institutze vsaubrob, swored rodesac davadgenT, rom piris mier

Cadenil qmedebasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris arsebobs mizezobrivi kavSiri amis


Semdeg pirs mis mier Cadenili qmedeba obieqturad unda SevracxoT qmedebis

obieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze, profesor merab turavas mier SemoRebul axali

institutis damkvidrebas, rogorc obieqturi Seracxvis mniSvneloba qarTuli sisxlis

samarTlis samecniero sivrceSi da misi saWiroeba qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis

praqtikis farglebSi SesaZleblobas mogvcems samarTlianad gadawydes Sedegis

obieqturi Seracxvis problema. sworad mimaCnia da mxars vuWer am axali

dogmatikis SemoRebas da mis SemdgomSi damkvidrebas qarTuli sisxlis

samarTlis samecniero sivrcesa da praqtikaSi, romelic SesaZleblobas mogvcems

Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis problema samarTlianad iqnes gadawyvetili. pirobaTa

TeoriiT gansazRvruli `bunebrivi mizezobrioba~ ar aris sakmarisi Sedegis

obieqturi SeracxvisaTvis.

2.1. mizezobrivi kavSiris Teoriebi.

moqmedebiT Cadenil ganzrax danaSaulebSi dgindeba mizezobrivi kavSiri

moqmedebasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris, xolo gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenil

deliqtebSi _ windaxedulebis normiT dadgenil movaleobaTa darRvevis kavSiri

damdgar SedegTan, Cems samagistro naSromSi yuradRebas gavamaxvileb

mizezobrivi kavSiris ramodenime Teoriaze _ ekvivalenturobis, kanonzomieri

pirobis, adekvaturobis, relevanturobis da generaluri mizezobriobaze.

2.2. ekvivalenturobis (pirobaTa) Teoria.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-8 muxlis me-2 nawilSi mocemulia moqmedebis

mizezobrioba e.w. ekvivalenturobis, anu pirobaTa Teoriis mixedviT.22

A am Teoriis mixedviT, nebismieri piroba mizezobriv kavSirSia SedegTan da

SedegisaTvis TanabarmniSvnelovans (eqvivalenturs) warmoadgens, Tuki

dadgindeba, rom am pirobis gareSe Sedegi ar dadgeboda (Conditio sine qua non - ).

Nnebismieri piroba TanabarmniSvnelovania, am Teoriis Sedegad mizezobriobis

wre Zalze farToa da, amitom, Zalze atipiuri pirobebic SedegTan mizezobriv

kavSirSia, aqedan gamomdinare, taqsis mZRolis moqmedeba, romelmac


SemTxvevis adgilze miiyvana mkvleli, ise, rom misTvis daxmarebis ganzraxva ar

hqonia, yovelTvis mizezobriv kavSirSia damdgar SedegTan, magaliTad, Tu a-m

sxeulis msubuqi dazianeba miayena b-s da igi SemTxveviT movlenaTa gamo,

eqimis sabediswero SecdomiT mokvdeba saavadmyofoSi, a-s moqmedeba

mizezobriv kavSirSi iqneba SedegTan.

Mmarto pirobaTa Teorias ar SeuZlia, rom samarTliani obieqturi Seracxva

uzrunvelyos, radgan am dros SeiZleba mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi darCes

uyuradRebod. Mmizezobrivi kavSiris dadgena pirobaTa Teoriis mixedviT aris

Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis aucilebeli winapiroba, romelic kanoniT aris

aRiarebuli, magram, iseve, rogorc mTel msoflioSi, qarTul sisxlis samarTalSic

SeiZleba Semovides Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis sxva dauwereli pirobebi.

Mmizezobri kavSiris arseboba rodi niSnavs imas, rom Sedegi yovelTvis

obieqturad, subieqturad da individualurad unda Seeracxos pirs. Mmizezobrivi

kavSiris dadgenis Semdeg Sedegis Seracxva unda moxdes sam etapad:

qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze qmedebis obieqturi Seracxva;

Qqmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze (ganzraxi) Sedegis subieqturi

Seracxva; (gaufrTxilebel danaSauls ara aqvs subieqturi Semadgenloba.

bralis etapze Sedegis individualuri Seracxva.

Kklasikuri gagebiT, Tavdapirvelad xdeba mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgena

ekvivalenturobis (pirobaTa) TeoriiT, xolo Semdeg Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva

aseve mizezobrivi kavSiris farglebSi, rac imas niSnavs, rom vinaidan pirobaTa

TeoriiT mizezobriobis wre Zalze farToa, mizezobriobis farglebSive

samarTalgamoyenebis procesSi xdeba misi koreqtura adekvaturobis an

relevanturobis TeoriiT, rac imas niSnavs, rom mizezobriobis pirobebidan xdeba

~aucilebeli` , ~uSualo` an ~relevanturi` pirobebis gamoyofa. igi mizezobriobis

jaWvSi pirobaTa usasrulobaSi samarTlebrivi SefasebebiT dadgena, Tanamedrove


gagebiT ki, obieqturi Seracxvis procesi gatanilia mizezobriobidan qmedebis

obieqturi Semadgenlobis calke damoukidebel instanciad.

Mmeore etapze, anu subieqtur sferoSi xdeba (ganzraxva) Sedegis

subieqturi Seracxva, xolo sabolood obieqturi mizezobriobiT dawyebuli Seracxvis

procesi individualuri braleuli SeracxviT gvirgvindeba.

2.3. moZRvreba kanonzomieri pirobis Sesaxeb.

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi dReisaTvis ekvivalentobis (pirobaTa) Teorias ar

daukargavs Tavisi mniSvneloba, aramed ganviTarda moZRvreba kanonzomieri

pirobis Sesaxeb, romelic, iseve rogorc condicio sine qua non-formula, am Teorias

efuZneba.

am moZRvrebis mixedviT, romelic ukavSirdeba engiSis (1931) saxels, piroba

sisxlis samarTlis TvalsazrisiT aris mizezobrivi, Tu igi warmoadgens movlenaTa

ganviTarebis kanonzomier safuZvels, romelic konkretul SedegSi faqtiurad iqna

realizebuli. am procesSi dgindeba, moqmedeba da Sedegi arian Tu ara bunebrivi

kanonzomierebiT erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli.23 amasTan, iseve rogorc

ekvivalentobis (pirobaTa) Teoriis dros, yvela piroba aris TanabarmniSvnelovani.

es Teoria imiT sabuTdeba, rom mizezobriobis Sefasebis dros imaze unda iqnes

yuradReba gamaxvilebuli, moqmedeba da Sedegi Cveulebisamebr

erTmaneTTan kanonzomier urTierTobaSi arian Tu ara, radgan mizezobrivi

kavSiri konkretul SemTxvevaSi xSirad Zneli dasamtkicebelia. Tu am

Sexedulebas mihyvebi, maSin yvela calkeul SemTxvevaSi kanonzomieri kavSiri

moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris unda dasabuTdes, xolo konkretuli kauzalobis

damtkiceba ki, ar aris aucilebeli. am Sexedulebis mimarT SeiZleba gamoiTqvas

kritika, rom igi kanonzomieri pirobis dadgenis dros Zalze rTuli da xelovnuria.

xSirad SeuZlebelia zustad imis dadgena, Tu rodis aris saxeze ,,kanonzomieri

kavSiri~ moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris. saboloo SedegiT igi TiTqmis ar

gansxvavdeba ekvivalentobis Teoriisagan, Tumca aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac igi


kargad gamoiyeneba, magaliTad, alternatiuli mizezobriobis, aseve koleqtiuri

organos mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis dros kauzalobis dadgenisas.

2.4 adekvaturobis Teoria.

Aadekvaturobis Teoria Seecada eqvivalenturobis Teoriis usazRvrod farTo

farglebi mizezobriobis etapzeve SeezRuda. Mmizezobrivi SeiZleba iyos mxolod

qmedebis Semadgenlobis adekvaturi piroba, adekvaturobis TeoriiT mizezobrivi

kavSiris dadgenisaTvis mniSvnelovania, dadgindes is momenti, rom ama Tu im

qmedebis Cadenis dros damdgari Sedegis gamowveva garkveulwilad

savaraudebeli iyo Tu ara. Qqmedeba mxolod maSin CaiTvleba Sedegis adekvatur

pirobad, Tu misma Cadenam Sedegis dadgomis obieqturi SesaZlebloba zogadad,

e.i. sayovelTao cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, araumniSvnelod

aamaRla.24

2.5. relevanturobis Teoria.

relevanturobis Teoriac damdgari Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis SesaZleblobis

uaryofas cdilobs mizezobriobis etapze. igi ekvivalenturobis (pirobaTa) Teorias

imeorebs da kumulaciurad mas umatebs kidev erT pirobas, rom qmedeba

sisxlissamarTlebrivi kritriumebiT agreTve relevanturi unda iyos, rom moxdes misi

Seracxva. am Teoriis mixedviT, yoveli piroba, romelmc gamoiwvia Sedegi, ar

warmoadgens sisxlissamarTlebrivad relevanturs, radgan Sedegis obieqturi

Seracxva, garda Sedegis gamowvevisa, sxva kriteriumebsac efuZvneba, ra

drosac mxedvelobaSi miiReba normis dacvis mizani, aseve calkeuli

Semadgenlobebis Taviseburebani, amdenad igi warmoadgens ekvivalenturobisa

da adekvaturobis Teoriebis erTgvar kombinacias, am CamoTvlili da zemoT

ganxiluli Teoriebidan da Cemi samagistro Temidan gamomdinare dReisaTvis

ufro dasabuTebulad mimaCnia is Teoria, romelic Seracxvis normatiul

kriteriumebs ara mizezobriobis etapze iyenebs, aramed mizezobriobisagan

damoukidebel obieqturi Seracxvis etapze warmogvidgens.


2.6. generaluri mizezobriobis Teoria.

sasamarTlo praqtikaSi sirTuleebi warmoiSoba mizezobrivi kavSiris

dadgenisas e.w. produqciisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sferoSi.

aris SemTxvevebi, roca produqciis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa, magaliTad,

medikamentebi, kvebis produqtebi an sxvadasxva sayofa-cxovrebo nivTebi,

aseve Senoba-nagebobebi iwveven janmrTelobis dazianebebs an sasikvdilo

Sedegebs. am SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa imis dadgena, aris Tu ara damdgari ziani

momxmarebelis mier konkretuli produqtis miRebis (gamoyenebis) Sedegi, e.i.

arsebobs Tu ara maT Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri. sabunebismetyvelo

mecnierebaTa SesaZleblobebiT amis dadgena bevrjer ver xerxdeba. am

sirTuleTa gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo praqtikam aseT SemTxvevebSi

mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgenisaTvis moTxovnebi Seamsubuqa da SeimuSava e.w.

generaluri mizezobriobis formula.25

qarTul samecniero literaturasa da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi es sakiTxi jerjerobiT

ar aris aqtualuri. generaluri mizezobriobis Teoria qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi

SesaZlebelia, gamoyenebul iqnes iuridiuli pirebisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis dros, ris gamoc, mizanSewonilia am sakiTxze

samecniero diskusia.

ucxour, magaliTad, germanul sasamarTlo praqtikaSi ganviTarebuli e.w.

generaluri kauzalobis Teoriis mixedviT, mizezobrivi kavSiris arseboba sabuTdeba

im SemTxvevaSic, roca bunebis kanonebiT movlenaTa urTierTkavSiri

konkretulad ar aris axsnili an axsnadi. dRemde sadavod rCeba jer kidev gasuli

saukunis 70-iani wlebis dasawyisSi aaxenis sasamarTlos mier miRebuli

gadawyvetileba e.w. konterganis procesSi sadavo gaxda medikament

Talidomidis mizezobrioba janmrTelobis dazianebisaTvis embrionalur stadiaze. es

konkretuli magaliTi mocemuli aris profesor merab turavas saxelmZRvaneloSi


(sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, TandarTuli testebis nimuSebiTa da

kazusis amoxsnis meTodis gamoyenebiT me-8 gamocema).

e.w. ,,konterganis skandali” aris samedicino sferoSi medikamentTan

dakavSirebuli erT-erTi gaxmaurebuli istoria germaniaSi. sasamarTlo

gadawyvetilebaSi gamoxatuli poziciis mixedviT, kauzaloba gagebul unda iqnes

ara sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa TvalTaxedviT, aramed _ normatiulad.

amasTan, sasamarTlom dadgenilad miiCnia, rom yvela SemTxvevaSi kauzalobas

bunebismetyvelebis kanonebis TvalsazrisiTac hqonda adgili, magram

konkretulad ver daasabuTa igi. amasTan dakavSirebiT, saubari aris or

problemaze, romelic sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebaSi warmoiSoba:

1) mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebis kanonzomierebis codna da dasabuTeba

sisxlis saproceso samarTlisa da mtkicebulebaTa warmoebis sakiTxs

warmoadgens Tu sxeulis dazianebis qmedebis Semadgenlobis materialur-

samarTlebriv mxares ekuTvnis.

2) prenataluri zemoqmedeba SeiZleba Tu ara Sefasebul iqnes, rogorc sxvisi

sxeulebrivi dazianeba, maSin, rodesac embrioni mSobiarobis moSlisas, rogorc

wesi, mxolod ganzraxi marTlsawinaaRmdego moqmedebisagan aris daculi.

aaxenis sasamarTlom sxeulis dazianebis mimyenebel moqmedebad miiCnia is

garemoeba, rom dabadebis Semdeg gamovlenili sxeulis dazianebebis Sedegis

gamomwvevi erT-erTi qmedeba

maSasadame, kauzalobis konteqstSi dRis wesrigSi dgeba ara sakiTxi imis

Taobaze, movlenaTa ganviTarebis suraTis mixedviT, Sedegi konkretuli

moqmedebis gareSec dadgeboda Tu ara, aramed moqmedebisaTvis Sedegis

pirobis xarisxis misaniWeblad sakmarisad miiCneva, rom empiriuli codnis

mixedviT davadginoT, moqmedebam, mizezobriobis kanonis Sesabamisad,

Sedegi namdvilad gamoiwvia Tu ara (e.w. kanonzomieri pirobis formula).


marTlac, sasamarTlo praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, roca kanonzomieri kavSiri

moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris samecniero TvalsazrisiT, Tumca, albaTobis

maRali xarisxiT xasiaTdeba, magram absoluturi darwmunebiT ar SeiZleba iqnes

dadgenili, maSin, rodesac sxva mizezebis arseboba, garda am konkretuli

moqmedebisa, SeiZleba gamoiricxos. aseT SemTxvevebSi, mizezobrivi kavSiris

dasadgenad albaTobis maRali xarisxiT unda davkmayofildeT.

generaluri kauzalobis Teoria iyenebs e.w. kumulaciuri mizezobriobis wesebs,

roca sakmarisad miiCnevs, rom sadavo produqti SeiZleba iyos mavne Sedegis

gamomwvevi mxolod erT-erTi da ara erTaderTi piroba. amiT, sasamarTlo

praqtika axdens kauzalobis damtkicebis procesis gamartivebas, rac garkveul

safrTxeebs Seicavs da samarTlianad iwvevs azrTa sxvadasxvaobas sisxlis

samarTlis dogmatikaSi. igi aseve SeiZleba spekulaciebis wyaro gaxdes

sasamarTlo praqtikaSi, radgan aadvilebs sisxlis samarTlis procesebis

warmarTvas ama Tu im produqtis mavneblobis braldebiT, ris gamoc garkveuli

riskis matarebelia.

3. mizezobriobis saxeebi.

sisxlis samarTlis dogmatika ganasxvavebs mizezobriobis sxavasxva saxeebs:

alternatiuri anu ormagi mizezobrioba, kumulaciuri mizezobrioba, hipoTeturi da

sxva msgavsi mizezobriobebi.

3.1. alternatiuri anu ormagi mizezobrioba

alternatiuli mizezobrioba saxezea im SemTxvevaSi, roca Sedegi gamoiwvia

orma an metma qmedebam (pirobam), maSin, rodesac TiToeuli am pirobaTagani

savsebiT sakmarisi iyo Sedegis dadgomisaTvis. alternatiuli mizezobriobis

SemTxvevaSi damTavrebuli danaSaulisaTvis dasjadobis dasabuTeba, erTi

SexedviT, ar gamomdinareobs mizezobriobis e.w. ekvivalenturobis, anu pirobaTa

Teoriidan, radgan, Tu erTobliobaSi SevafasebT viTarebas, rogorc erTi, ise meore


pirobis arsebobis gareSe, erT-erTi moqmedebis Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi, Sedegi

Tavisi konkretuli formiT mainc dadgeboda.26

analogiuria mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgenis problema pirobaTa Teoriis

mixedviT koleqtiuri organos mier gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi.

magaliTad, erT-erTi kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piris gamgeobam xmebis

umravlesobiT miiRo gadawyvetileba. am gadawyvetilebis miRebis safuZvelze

ganxorcielda iseTi moqmedeba, ramac adamianTa janmrTelobis dazianeba da

msxverpli gamoiwvia. gadawyvetileba miRebul iqna erTxmad, Tumca sakmarisi

iyo xmebis umravlesoba. nebismierma calke aRebulma gamgeobis wevrma

SeiZleba amtkicos, rom mis mier xmis miucemlobis SemTxvevaSic

gadawyvetileba mainc iqneboda miRebuli da Sedegi dadgeboda. aseT

viTarebaSi, dogmaturad saxeze gvaqvs alternatiuli mizezobrioba, romlis

dasabuTeba pirobaTa TeoriiT Znelia. am SemTxvevaSic unda movaxdinoT

Conditio sine qua non--formulis modifikacia: gamgeobis wevrebis moqmedeba ara

erTdroulad, aramed cal-calke aRebuli, sxvaTa moqmedebebisagan

damoukideblad, unda ganvixiloT da davadginoT, rom es iyo moqmedeba,

romelmac Sedegi gamoiwvia, ris gamoc koleqtiuri organos gadawyvetilebis

mimReb yvela wevrs SeiZleba Seeracxos Sedegi obieqturad. am SemTxvevaSi

obieqturi Seracxvis dros gvainteresebs ara imdenad is, sxvisi moqmedebiT

Sedegi mainc dadgeboda Tu ara, aramed, es Sedegi realurad dadga Tu ara im

piris moqmedebiT, romelsac Sedegi obieqturad unda Seeracxos, maSasadame,

Sedegi warmoadgens Tu ara movlenaTa ganviTarebis kanonzomier bunebriv

Sedegs (moZRvreba e.w. kanonzomieri pirobis Sesaxeb).27

alternatiuli mizezobrioba gansxvavdeba im SemTxvevebisagan, roca

utyuarad ver dgindeba, ori an meti pirobidan uSualod Tu romelma gamoiwvia

sasikvdilo Sedegi. magaliTad, ver dadginda, Tu romeli tyvia moxvda msxverpls

an moxvedrili tyviebidan romeli iyo sasikvdilo Sedegis gamomwvevi. aseT


SemTxvevaSi, yvela eWvis braldebulis sasargeblod gadawyvetis principidan (,,in

dubio pro reo) gamomdinare, Sedegi arc erTs ar Seeracxeba obieqturad.

miuxedavad Sedegis dadgomisa, SeiZleba dadgindes mxolod danaSaulis

mcdeloba yvela im piris mimarT, vinc mokvlis ganzraxviT gaisrola msxverplis

misamarTiT.28

gansxvavebiT kumulaciuri mizezobriobisagan, alternatiuli mizezobrioba

gvaqvs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca utyuarad dadgindeba, rom ori an meti

qmedebidan TiToeuli maTgani, calke aRebuli, savsebiT sakmarisi piroba

iqneboda SedegisaTvis.29

3.2. kumulaciuri mizezobrioba

e.w. kumulaciuri mizezobrioba arsebobs im SemTxvevaSi, roca Sedegi

gamoiwvia orma (an metma) erTmaneTisagan damoukidebelma qmedebam,

anu qmedebaTa jamma, magram TiToeuli qmedebis Camdeni piris warmodgeniT

mis mier Sesrulebuli qmedeba savsebiT sakmarisi iyo Sedegis dasadgomad.

amasTan, maT ar icodnen erTmaneTis moqmedebisa da ganzraxvis Sesaxeb.

TiToeuli maTganis mier Cadenili moqmedeba Sedegis dasadgomad sakmarisi ar

iqneboda, amitom, miuxedavad Sedegis dadgomisa da maTi ganzraxvisa,

TiToeuli maTgani pasuxs agebs mxolod mcdelobisaTvis. dasabuTeba aris is,

rom, marTalia, mizezobrivi kavSiri arsebobs, magram vinaidan Sedegi mxolod

erToblivi qmedebis Sedegad dadga, pirs ar SeiZleba obieqturad Seeracxos

Sedegi, romlis avtoric igi ver iqneboda, Tu ara meore piris moqmedeba da verc

gaiTvaliswinebda mizezobriobis jaWvis amgvar ganviTarebas. Tumca

mizezobriobis ekvivalenturobis TeoriiT, orive piroba mizezobriv kavSirSia

SedegTan, vinaidan am pirobaTa gareSe Sedegi Tavisi konkretuli formiT ar

dadgeboda.30

rogorc vxedavT, e.w. kumulaciuri anu atipiuri mizezobriobis dros ar aris

mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgenis problema, radgan orive moqmedebis kauzaloba


udavoa, vinaidan maT gareSe Sedegi Tavisi konkretuli formiT ar dadgeboda. Tu

mizezobrioba saxezea, Sesabamisad, wesiT, orive piris dasja unda moxdes

damTavrebuli danaSaulisaTvis, magram vinaidan Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva ver

moxdeba, amitom sworia Sedegis Seracxvaze msjelobis obieqturi Seracxvis

etapze gadmotana, aseTi Seracxvis uaryofa da sabolood orive piris ganzraxi

danaSaulis mcdelobisaTvis dasjadoba.

kumulaciuri mizezobrioba aris erT-erTi is SemTxveva, roca obieqturi

Seracxvis Teoria gamoiyeneba, raTa, mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobis

miuxedavad, qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis etapzeve damTavrebuli

danaSaulisaTvis dasjadoba iqnes uaryofili. kumulaciuri mizezobriobis dros, Cemi

azriT, nakleb damajerebelia, problemis gadatana qmedebis subieqturi

Semadgenlobis etapze da misi iq gadawyveta mizezobrivi kavSiris

ganviTarebaSi Secdomis farglebSi, rogorc es xdeboda obieqturi Seracxvis

Sesaxeb Tanamedrove moZRvrebis ganviTarebamde sanam profesori merab

turava daiwyebda amis Sesaxeb saubars.

3.3. hipoTeturi da sxva msgavsi mizezobriobebi.

HhipoTeturi mizezobrioba arsebobs im SemTxvevaSi, roca qmedeba gamiwvia

(daaCqara) Sedegi, romelic mogvianebiT sxva mizeziT, romelic mesame piris

mier ar iyo Seqmnili, mainc dadgeboda. magaliTad: T-m mowamla l, rasac

mohyva misi sikvdili, magram dadginda, rom l. avad iyo da mainc mokvdeboda

drois mcire monakveTSi. Mmiuxedevad amisa, T. agebs pasuxs damTavrebuli

danaSaulisaTvis, vinaidan man l-s bunebrivi sikvdili Tundac drois mcire

monakveTiT mainc daaCqara. Mmas Sedegi obieqturad Seeracxeba.

HhipoTeturi mizezobriobis dros Sedegi yovelTvis obieqturad Seeracxeba im

pirs, vinc Tavisi moqmedebiT Sedegis dadgoma gamiwvia (daaCqara). rac

Seexeba e.w. gawyvetil mizezobriobas is imiT gansxvavdeba HhipoTeturi

mizezobriobis moyvanili magaliTisagan, rom Cadenili qmedebac aucileblad


gamoiwvevda Sedegs, magram Sedegis dadgomamde Cadenil iqna sxva axali

moqmedeba, romelmac Sedegi manamde uSualod gamowvia, aseT SemTxvevaSi

ar arsebobs pirveli moqmedebis mizezobrivi kavSiri SedegTan, radgan igi

gawyda.

T-m mowamla l. sanam es ukanaskneli mokvdeboda, l.-s Tavs daesxa

SeiaraRebuli b., romelmac mokla pistoletiT. Sedegi dadgeboda imis miuxedavad,

T. mowamlavda Tu ara manamde l.-s, ese igi b.-s moqmedebis Sedegi ar iyo

damokidebuli T.-s qmedebaze. Amitom, T.-s moqmedeba ar aris mizezobriv

kavSirSi SedegTan da pasuxs agebs mcdelobisaTvis, argumenti mdgomareobs

imaSi, rom T.-s rom ar moewamla, l.-s mainc moklada b. aseve Cven gvaqvs

`gamswrebi~ mizezobrioba. Aam SemTxvevaSic, marTalia, uSualod Sedegi

axalma moqmedebam gamowvia, magram Tavdapirveli moqmedebis gareSe es

Sedegi ar dadgeboda, e.i. pirveli moqmedebac mizezobriv kavSirSia SedegTan,

ris gamoc Sedegi obieqturad masac Seeracxeba da ara marto imas, vinc aseTi

Sedegi uSualod gamoiwvia. MmagaliTad, T.-m mowamla l. ise, rom am

qmedebas misi sikvdili unda mohyoloda, Tumca ucbad ki ar mokvda, aramed

daZabunda. sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgomamde l-s Tvs daesxa b. da moaxerxa misi

mokvla, vinaidan l. daZabunebuli iyo da saTanado winaaRmdegoba ver gauwia

Tavmdamsxmels. Oorive damnaSaves obieqturad Seeracxvba Sedegi da pasuxs

ageben damTavrebuli danaSaulisaTvis.

3.4. mizezobrivi kavSiri, rogorc obieqturi Seracxvis aucilebeli winapiroba.

araerTi qveynis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsisagan gansxvavebiT, saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-8 muxli aregulirebs mizezobrivi kavSiris problemas

mizezobriobis pirobaTa Teoriis mixedviT (conditio sine qua non-formula).

maSasadame, mizezobrivi kavSiri qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT

warmoadgens danaSaulis daweril niSans. dogmaturad SeiZleba davadginoT,

rom (conditio sine qua non-formula) warmoadgens Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis


mxolod pirvel aucilebel daweril pirobas, romelic, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, unda

Seicvalos ,,kanonzomieri pirobis” dauwereli formuliT ,,kanonzomieri pirobis”

Teoriis Sesaxeb qarTul sixlis samarTalSi31 da ganivrcos danaSaulis dauwereli

niSniT – obieqturi Seracxvis kategoriiT, rom amiT SesaZlebloba mogveces

Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis problema samarTlianad iqnes gadawyvetili. is, rom

pirobaTa TeoriiT gansazRvruli ,,bunebrivi mizezobrioba~ ar aris sakmarisi

Sedegis obieqturi SeracxvisaTvis, dRes sayovelTaod aris aRiarebuli. swored

amitom Seiqmna e.w. samarTlebrivi mizezobriobis sxvadasxva Teoriebi ara

marto kontinentaluri evropis, aramed anglo-amerikul sisxlis samarTalSi

Sedegian anu iseT danaSaulebSi, ramac sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT

gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis Semadgenlobis Sesdabamisi Sedegi gamoiwvia, an

aseTi Sedegis safrTxe Seqmna, aucilebelia mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgena

qmedebasa da Sedegs, an Seqmnil konkretul safrTxes Soris. e.i. mizezobrivi

kavSiris dadgena saWiroa mxolod Sedegian danaSaulebSi an konkretuli safrTxis

Semqmnel deliqtebSi, rogorc ganzraxvis, ise gaufrTxileblobis dros. mizezobrivi

kavSiri arsebobs maSin, roca qmedeba warmoadgens damdgari Sedegis an

konkretuli safrTxis aucilebel pirobas, uromlisodac amjerad es Sedegi ar

ganxorcieldeboda an aseTi safrTxe ar Seiqmneboda (ssk-is me-8 muxlis me-2

nawili)32. arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca mizezobrivi kavSiris arseboba ar aris

sadavo da aseve, Sesabamisad, Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva eWvs ar iwvevs.

Tumca aris iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac Seracxvis martivi klasikuri sqema ar aris

gamosadegi, ris gamoc Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis dros xdeba sxvadasxva

normatiuli aspeqtis gaTvaliswineba, romelic kanoniT ki ar aris gansazRvruli,

aramed samosamarTlo samarTlis farglebSi yalibdeba. aseTi normatiuli

kriteriumebis moSveliebiT Sedegis obieqturi SeracxvisaTvis mniSvnelovania,

magaliTad, dazaralebulis mier TviTsafrTxis Seqmnis, normis dacvis miznis da

sxva garemoebebis gansazRvra da obieqturi Seracxvis dros gaTvaliswineba.


moqmedebiT Cadenil ganzrax danaSaulebSi dgindeba mizezobrivi kavSiri

moqmedebasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris, xolo gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenil

deliqtebSi windaxedulobis normiT dadgenil movaleobaTa darRvevis kavSiri

damdgar SedegTan. tradiciulad cnobilia mizezobrivi kavSiris sxvadasxva

Teoriebi, romelTa ganxilvas ar Sevudgebi. es Teoriebi qarTul literaturaSic

kargad aris cnobili. maT erTgvari zegavlena sabWoTa samarTlebriv

mecnierebazec ki moaxdines.33

winamdebare Cems samagistro naSromSi meti yuradReba Sedegis obieqturi

Seracxvis moZRvrebis mniSvnelobazea gamaxvilebuli.

3.5. mizezobrivi kavSirisa da Sedegis Seracxvis problema

sabWour sisxlis samarTalSi.

sabWoTa kriminalistebi aRiarebdnen, rom mizezobriv kavSirSi SedegTan

SeiZleba iyos martooden iseTi qceva, romelic misi aucilebeli piroba, misi conditio

sine qua non iyo34. TinaTin wereTeli aseve miuTiTebs, rom TviT sabWoTa sisxlis

samarTalSic mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobisaTvis sakmarisad ar iTvleboda imis

dadgena, rom adamianis qceva iyo erT-erTi aucilebeli piroba sazogadoebrivad

saSiSi Sedegisa, aramed eZebdnen gzebs, raTa SeezRudaT mizezobrivi kavSiri,

rogorc pasuxismgeblobis obieqturi wanamZRvari. a. piontkovskim jer kidev 1938

wels Camoayaliba da Semdgom ganaviTara e.w. ,,aucilebeli mizezobrivi kavSiris

Teoria~. misi azriT, ara yovelma moqmedebam, romelic mizezobriv kavSirSia

damdgar SedegTan, SeiZleba daasabuTos sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba.

imis damtkicebis Semdeg, rom adamianis moqmedeba Sedegis ganxorcielebis

erT-erTi aucilebeli piroba iyo, unda gadawydes meore sakiTxi: SemTxveviTi iyo

Tu aucilebeli es Sedegi moqmedebis mimarT. ,,aucilebeli Sedegi mocemuli

movlenis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebis gamovlinebaa. igi misi Sinagani

arsebidan gamomdinareobs. SemTxveviTi Sedegi kanonzomierad ar

gamomdinareobs mocemuli moqmedebidan, Tumca TviT igi mizezobrivad


ganpirobebulia. igi imitom dgeba, rom mocemuli kanonzomiereba Tavis

ganviTarebaSi misTvis garegan garemoebaTa moqmedebas gadaexlarTa~. a.

piontkovski aseve miuTiTebs: ,,danaSaulebrivi SedegisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis

sakiTxi SeiZleba daisvas da dadebiTad gadawydes mxolod maSin, rodesac es

Sedegi adamianis mier Cadenili moqmedebis aucilebeli kanonzomieri Sedegi iyo,

roca mas Tavisi safuZveli am moqmedebaSi hqonda~

sisxlis samarTalSi mizezobrivi kavSiris amgvar gadawyvetas TinaTin wereTeli

ar eTanxmeboda35. igi miiCnevda, rom ,,ar arsebobs arc absoluturi aucilebloba

da arc absoluturi SemTxveviToba~36. misi azriT, sazogadod, praqtikuli

gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, ,,aucilebeli mizezobrivi kavSiris~ Teoria iseTsave

kritikul mosazrebebs iwvevs, rogorc adekvaturi Teoria37.

TinaTin wereTeli mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgenas udgeboda klasikuri

moZRvrebiT. araerT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sabWoTa dogmatika da sasamarTlo

praqtika mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobas gamoricxavda, igi sazogadoebrivi

saSiSroebis an bralis (ganzraxvis) gamoricxviT axdenda igive Sedegis

miRwevas. igi aseve miuTiTebda imis Sesaxeb, rom aucilebeli mizezobrivi

kavSiris Teoria gabatonebuli iyo sabWoTa iuridiul literaturaSi, Tumca

sasamarTlo praqtikaSi man Tavisi srulyofili asaxva ver hpova38 igi uTiTebs or

gadawyvetilebas sabWoTa sasamarTlo praqtikidan, sadac am Teoriis zegavlena

erTgvarad igrZnoba, magram, TinaTin wereTlis azriT, orive SemTxvevaSi

mizezobrivi kavSiri arasworad iqna uaryofili.

pirvel SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom damnaSaved scno gaufrTxilebel

mkvlelobaSi mZRoli, romelmac daajaxa avtomanqana gzaze mimaval adamians

da miayena mas sxeulis mZime dazianeba, ris Semdegac igi or dReSi

gardaicvala. zeda instanciis sasamarTlom gaauqma qveda instanciis

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba im motiviT, rom ver daadgina mZRolis moqmedeba

iyo Tu ara uSualo mizezobriv kavSirSi sasikvdilo SedegTan. kolegiam Tavisi


pozicia imiT daasabuTa, rom mZRolis ,,moqmedeba gaufrTxilebelic rom yofiliyo,

mainc sikvdili misi uSualo Sedegi ar iyo. Tumca am SemTxvevaSi Sedegi

iseTivea, rogorc gaufrTxilebeli mkvlelobis dros, magram es Sedegi sulac ar iyo

ucilobeli da igi SeiZleboda arc damdgariyo~. sabolood kolegiam mZRolis

moqmedeba gadaakvalificira sxeulis gaufrTxilebel dazianebaze. mizezobrivi

kavSiris arsebobis amgvar uaryofas TinaTin wereTeli sworad ar eTanxmeba.

meore saqmeSi qveda instanciis sasamarTlom ar cno mizezobrivi kavSiri

dazaralebulisaTvis mucelSi miyenebul Wrilobasa da mis sikvdils Soris im

motiviT, rom ,,am SemTxvevaSi muclis RruSi Semavali Wriloba ar iyo uciloblad

sasikvdilo Wriloba da operaciis dros Wrilobis orive naxvreti rom SeemCniaT,

peritonitis ganviTareba naklebad mosalodneli iqneboda~39 mizezobrivi kavSiris

ganviTarebis dadgenaSi daSvebuli es Secdoma zemdgomma sasamarTlom

gaaswora da sworad daadastura misi arseboba.

sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis Tanamedrove poziciebidan gamomdinare,

sabWoTa sisxlis samarTalSi xSirad arasworad da xelovnurad xdeboda

mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobis uaryofa. sasamarTlo praqtikis magaliTis mixedviT,

pirma mokvlis ganzraxviT daniT daWra meore pirovneba. Wriloba xuTi-eqvsi

santimetriT iyo daSorebuli gulidan. daWrili saavadmyofoSi miiyvanes da

saswrafo operacia gaukeTes. marTalia, pacients miyenebuli hqonda

sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mZime dazianeba, magram sikvdilis uSualo mizezi gaxda

asfiqsia, romelic narkozis micemis Sedegad iyo gamowveuli. sasamarTlom piri

damnaSaved cno ara damTavrebuli danaSaulis, aramed mkvlelobis mcdelobaSi,

radgan dadginda, rom damnaSavis moqmedeba _ msxverplis daniT daWra

pirdapir mizezobriv kavSirSi ar imyofeboda sasikvdilo SedegTan

sasamarTlos am gadawyvetilebas qmedebis danaSaulis mcdelobad

kvalifikaciis Taobaze TinaTin wereTeli sabolood eTanxmeba, magram miaCnia,

rom am daskvnis misaRebad saWiro ar iyo mizezobrivi kavSiris xelovnurad


SezRudva, e.i. pirdapiri mizezobrivi kavSiris moTxovna40. sisxlis samarTlis

dogmatikis Tanamedrove poziciebidan gamomdinare, sworad mimaCnia TinaTin

wereTlis Sexeduleba im nawilSi, rom Cadenili qmedeba mizezobriv kavSirSia

SedegTan, vinaidan es moqmedeba rom ar yofiliyo, Sedegi ar dadgeboda,

magram ar veTanxmebi mis mier damTavrebuli mkvlelobisaTvis dasjadobis

uaryofaze msjelobis gadatanas ganzraxvis etapze. misi dasabuTebiT, mkvlelis

ganzraxva ar moicavs konkretul Sedegs. es sul sxva konkretuli Sedegia, vidre is,

romelsac piri iTvaliswinebda da romelic mas surda. ganzraxvisaTvis saWiroa,

raTa piri iTvaliswinebdes mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebis ZiriTad rgolebs. piri

ara Tu ar iTvaliswinebda mizezobrivi kavSiris jaWvSi asfiqsiis CarTvas, aramed

arc SeeZlo gaeTvaliswinebina igi. TinaTin wereTlis azriT, am dasabuTebiT, man

pasuxi unda agos ara damTavrebuli mkvlelobisaTvis, aramed mkvlelobis

mcdelobisaTvis41.

ar veTanxmebi TinaTin wereTlis mier problemis gadawyvetis gadatanas

ganzraxvis, maSasadame, misi sistemiT, bralis etapze. klasikuri gagebiT, igi

ganzraxvas miiCnevda bralis erT-erT formad. obieqturi Seracxvis Tanamedrove

TeoriiT, problema unda gadawydes danaSaulis sistemis ufro adreul - qmedebis

obieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze, romelzedac saubrobs profesori merab turava,

mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobis miuxedavad, saboloo jamSi, pasuxismgebloba

SeiZleba dadges danaSaulis mcdelobisaTvis, ise, rom Sedegis mimarT

ganzraxvis dadgena arc ki dadgeba dRis wesrigSi.

4. obieqturi Seracxva.

Oobieqturi Seracxvis moZRvreba qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi naklebad aris cnobili.

igi ganviTarda ukanaskneli aTwleulebis germanul sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSi da

80-iani wlebis Sua periodidan gabatonda germanulenovan sisxlis samarTlis

dogmatikaSi.


Oobieqturi Seracxvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi kategoriis mixedviT, qmedebis

obieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze Seracxvis problemebi normatiulad wydeba.

Mmiuxedavad qmedebasa da Sedges Soris mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobisa,

pirovnebas SeiZleba obieqturad mainc ar Seeracxos damdgari Sedegi, maSin,

rodesac mizezobrivi kavSiris e.w. pirobaTa TeoriiT dadgenis gareSe Sedegis

obieqturi Seracxva ver moxdeba.

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi dRemde arsebobs Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviTac,

qmedebis Semadgenlobis etapze Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis sakiTxebi

tradiciulad ZiriTadad mizezobrivi kavSiris farglebSi wydeba.

Aadreuli germanuli klasikuri sisxlis samarTlis dogmatika, aseve finalizmi,

miiCnevs, rom mizezobrivi kavSiris arseboba sakmarisi pirobaa qmedebis

obieqturi Semadgenlobis dasadgenad, xolo obieqturi Seracxvis araerTi

Tanamedrove problema miiCneva qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobis

problemad, am Sexedulebis mixedviT ganzraxva gamoiricxeba im SemTxvevaSi,

roca adgili aqvs mniSvnelovan gadaxras piris warmodgenaSi arsebul da realurad

ganviTarebul mizezobriobas Soris.42 aseve atipiuri mizezobriobis SemTxvevaSi,

hans velcelis SexedulebiT, Tu Sedegi marTlac dadgeba, mizezobrioba saxezea,

magram qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze mkvlelobis ganzraxva

gamoiricxeba, radgan pirs ara aqvs mkvlelobis nebeloba, radgan mas ar gaaCnia

movlenaTa ganviTarebaze realuri zegavlenis moxdenis SesaZlebloba.

Sualeduri poziciis mixedviT, Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva unda moxdes

mizezobrivi kavSiris farglebSi, xolo obieqturi Seracxvis calke gamoyofa unda

moxdes mxolod problematur SemTxvevebSi. MmasaSadame, am SexedulebiT,

mizezobrivi kavSiri yovelTvis ar unda ganivrcos obieqturi Seracxvis kategoriiT.

Aam poziciis mimdevrebi obieqturi Seracxvis moZRvrebis saWiroebas

gaufrTxileblobiT danaSaulebSi aRiareben, xolo ganzrax danaSaulebSi mis

mniSvnelobas sadavod miiCneven.


sisxlis samarTalSi aseve ganviTarda Tanamedrove mimdinareoba, romelic

bunebriv mizezobriobas yvela SemTxvevaSi miiCnevs obieqturi Seracxvis

aucilebel, magram arasakmaris pirobad. Aam Sexedulebis mimdevrebi

mizezobriobas, rogorc qmedebis Semadgenlobis niSans, obieqturi Seracxvis

Tanamedrove damoukidebeli kategoriiT ganavrcoben. Oobieqturi Seracxvis am

orsafexurian moZRvrebas (mizezobrivi kavSiri da obieqturi Seracxva) dRes

araerTi cnobili germaneli mecnieri uWers mxars43.

4.1. Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb moZRvrebis mniSvneloba.

mizezobrivi kavSirisagan damoukidebeli obieqturi Seracxvis instituti sisxlis

samarTalSi SedarebiT axalia. igi me-20 saukunis meore naxevridan viTardeba

da miznad isaxavs, ekvivalentobis Teoriis mier Zalze farTod warmodgenili

mizezobriobis farglebi normatiuli kriteriumebiT SezRudos.44 obieqturi Seracxvis

kategoria, iseve rogorc kauzaloba, warmoadgens qmedebis obieqturi

Semadgenlobis nawils. Tu mizezobrivi kavSiri an obieqturi Seracxva ara gvaqvs,

ar aris Sesrulebuli qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenloba. mizezobrivi kavSiris

arsebobis miuxedavad, zogjer SeiZleba pirs Sedegi obieqturad ar Seeracxos,

xolo obieqturi Seracxvis kategoriaze mxolod kauzalobis dadgenis Semdeg aris

saubari. mizezobrivi kavSirisa da obieqturi Seracxvis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi

Sedegiani ganzraxi deliqtebisaTvis, rogorc moqmedebis, aseve umoqmedobis

dros, unda Semowmdes, xom ar aris Cadenili am deliqtis mcdeloba an (mZime,

gansakuTrebiT mZime an zogierTi naklebad mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi)

momzadeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi ganzraxi danaSaulis SedeggareSe

Semadgenlobis dros SeiZleba Cadenili iyos damTavrebuli danaSauli.45

obieqturi Seracxvis kategoria ufro da ufro met yuradRebas ipyrobs rogorc

nacionalur, ise saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi. igi, iseve rogorc mizezobrivi

kavSiri, warmoadgens danaSaulis sistemis dauwerel niSans. qarTul sisxlis

samarTalSi obieqturi Seracxva sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT ar aris daregulirebuli,


maSin, rodesac sxva qveynebisa da saerTaSoriso materialuri sisxlis

samarTlisagan gansxvavebiT, mizezobrioba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli erT-erTi institutia (ssk-is me-8 muxli).

vinaidan obieqturi Seracxva sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis SedarebiT axali

institutia, igi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi ar aris saTanadod ganviTarebuli, maT

Soris TinaTin wereTlis naSromebSic ki, romelmac gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi

mizezobrivi kavSiris problemas specialuri naSromic ki miuZRvna46.

obieqturi Seracxvis problematika xSirad ganixileboda subieqtur sferoSi,

kerZod, mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebis Sesaxeb Secdomis farglebSi.

mizezobriobis jaWvidan gadaxra xSir SemTxvevaSi sisxlissamarTlebrivad

irelevanturia. piri pasuxs agebs damdgari Sedegis mixedviT. magaliTad, a.-m

gadaagdo b. maRali xididan Rrma mdinareSi, raTa igi wyalSi daixrCos. b.-m

curva ar icis, ris gamoc igi daixrCoboda, magram sanam es moxdeboda, man

Tavi daartya rkinis betons, ris gamoc igi gardaicvala. a.-s, miuxedavad

mizezobrivi kavSiris sxvagvari ganviTarebisa, vidre es mas warmoedgina,

Sedegi obieqturad Seeracxeba, ris gamoc man pasuxi unda agos damTavrebuli

mkvlelobisaTvis.47

sxvagvarad unda gadawydes sakiTxi mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebis

jaWvidan arsebiTi gadaxris dros. magaliTad, a.-m b.-s, mokvlis ganzraxviT,

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebiT, miayena janmrTelobis dazianeba, romelic ar

iyo sasikvdilo. saavadmyofoSi gadayvanis dros gzaSi avtoavariis Sedegad igi

daiRupa. Seeracxeba Tu ara a.-s damdgari Sedegi obieqturad, Tu mizezobrivi

kavSiris atipiuri ganviTareba aseT Seracxvas gamoricxavs.

am SemTxvevaSi ikveTeba ori momenti: atipiuri mizezobrioba da normis

dacvis miznidan gadaxra (sicocxlis uflebis dacva, anu adamianis mokvdinebis

akrZalva), rac saboloo jamSi, mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobis miuxedavad,

Sedegis obieqtur Seracxvas gamoricxavs.


sxva magaliTis mixedviT, a.-m da b.-m erT-erT sofelSi m.-sgan iyides arayi,

romelic saRamos zedmeti odenobiT miiRes. aRniSnulma gamoiwvia a.-s

alkoholuri mowamvla, ris gamoc igi gardaicvala. am SemTxvevaSic m.-s

moqmedebasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris mizezobrivi kavSiri arsebobs, magram

mas Sedegi obieqturad ar Seeracxeba, radgan a.-m Tavisi moqmedebiT TviTon

Caiyena Tavi safrTxis mdgomareobaSi (TviTsafrTxis mdgomareobiT gamowveuli

Sedegi).48

sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi cnobili klasikuri midgomiT, romelic ar icnobda

mizezobriobisagan damoukidebel obieqturi Seracxvis kategorias, sxvagvarad

wydeboda sakiTxi mizezobriobis ganviTarebis jaWvidan arsebiTi gadaxrebis

SemTxvevebSi. aseT SemTxvevebSi miiCneoda, rom qmedebis obieqturi

Semadgenloba ganxorcielebuli iyo da mxolod damdgari Sedegisadmi ganzraxvis

ararsebobis gamo ar xdeboda gauTvaliswinebeli SedegisaTvis dasjadoba. aseT

SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli iyo gaufrTxileblobis arsebobis Semowmeba, magram

mizezobriobaSi mniSvnelovani gadaxris gamo gaufrTxileblobac gamoiricxeboda,

radgan adgili ar hqonda windaxedulobis normis darRvevas, romlis winaswar

ganWvreta atipiurobis gamo SesaZlebeli iqneboda. maSasadame, arsebobda

Sexeduleba, romelic obieqturi Seracxvis problemas qmedebis subieqturi

Semadgenlobis an bralis etapze ganixilavda. sabWoTa sisxlis samarTalSi msgavs

SemTxvevebSi analogiur pozicias aviTarebda TinaTin wereTelic.

gansxvavebiT am Sexedulebisagan, ufro dasabuTebulad mimaCnia obieqturi

Seracxvis orkvaliani sistemis arseboba qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis

farglebSi, romelic mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebis atipiurobisa da sxva

normatiuli aspeqtebis Sefasebas moaxdens mizezobriobisagan damoukidebel

obieqturi Seracxvis kategoriaSi.

obieqturi Seracxvis Teoria gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis dros farTo mxardaWeras

imsaxurebs, maSin rodesac ganzraxi danaSaulis ZiriTad araproblematur


SemTxvevebSi misi praqtikuli mniSvneloba SedarebiT dabalia. maSasadame,

damTavrebuli danaSaulis dasjadoba obieqturi Seracxvis TeoriiT unda

davasabuToT problematur SemTxvevebSi. im SemTxvevaSi ki, roca ara gvaqvs

aseTi mdgomareoba, sakmarisia qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze

moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris mizezobrivi kavSiris subsumcia specialuri

dasabuTebis gareSe. aseT SemTxvevaSi mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgenis Semdeg

sakmarisia imis miTiTeba, rom pirs Sedegi obieqturad unda Seeracxos, radgan

ar arsebobs garemoeba, romelic aseT Seracxvas gamoricxavda.

sisxlis samarTalSi arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca mizezobrivi kavSiri naklebad

problematuria. amasTan, literaturaSi gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebis mixedviT,

arsebobs qvemoT ganxiluli tipiuri SemTxvevebi, romelTa drosac, mizezobrivi

kavSiris arsebobis miuxedavad, Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis sakiTxi Zalze

sakamaToa.

4.2. Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis problematuri SemTxvevebi.

qvemoT yuradReba iqneba gamaxvilebuli im SemTxvevebze, roca,

miuxedavad moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobisa,

moqmedebiT gamowveuli Sedegi mis Camdens obieqturad ver Seeracxeba.

sisxlis samarTalSi saxeldeba obieqturi Seracxvis ramdenime aseTi problematuri

SemTxveva. gabatonebul Sexedulebaze dayrdnobiT, SeiZleba gamoiyos qvemoT

ganxiluli sxvadasxva aseTi SemTxvevebi49. Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva unda

gamoiricxos, Tu:

_ Sedegis gamomwvevi qmedeba aris riskis Semamcirebeli;

_ moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris arsebobs movlenaTa atipiuri ganviTarebiT

gamowveuli kavSiri;

_ Sedegi dgas darRveuli normis dacvis miznis sferos gareT;

_ Sedegi windaxedulobis normiT gaTvaliswinebul movaleobaTa Sesabamisi

alternatiuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis drosac dadgeboda;


_ Sedegi dadga dazaralebulis piradi pasuxismgeblobiT gamowveuli

TviTsafrTxis an TviTdazianebis Sedegad;

_ Sedegi dadga adamianis nebisgan damoukideblad ganviTarebuli

mizezobriobis Sedegad;

_ pirvel moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris moxda dazaralebulis (msxverplis),

mesame piris, bunebis Zalis an TviT damnaSavis pasuxismgebeli meore

moqmedeba, romliTac axali damatebiTi safrTxe warmoiSva.

unda aRiniSnos, rom obieqturi Seracxvis es aspeqtebi mWidrod aris

erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, zogjer Znelia maTi erTmaneTisagan gamijvna da

xSirad alternatiuladac ki SeiZleba gamoviyenoT.

qvemoT ganvixilav Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis zogierT problematur

SemTxvevas, romelic sakmarisi iqneba problemaze warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad

da qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi Semdgomi diskusiis gasamarTavad.

4.3. Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis calkeuli problemebi.

4.3.1. riskis Teoria

sisxlis samarTalSi ganviTarda Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis ZiriTadi formula

e.w. safrTxis (riskis) Seqmnis an amaRlebis Teoriis saxiT. dRes gavrcelebuli

riskis Teoriis50. mixedviT, damdgari Sedegi pirs mxolod maSin SeiZleba

Seeracxos obieqturad, Tu man Tavisi qmedebiT, romelic SedegTan mizezobriv

kavSirSia, samarTlebrivad dasaZraxi (relevanturi), akrZaluli (aranebadarTuli)

riskis (safrTxis) mdgomareoba Seqmna (an aamaRla), romelmac qmedebis

SemadgenlobiT gaTvaliswinebuli konkretuli Sedegi gamoiwvia51. am gagebiT,

samarTlebrivad dasaZraxi riskis mdgomareobas qmnis aseve is pirovneba, vinc

moqmedebs aucilebeli mogeriebis mdgomareobaSi

im SemTxvevaSi, roca siZe sidedrs gaagzavnis dasasveneblad, ra drosac igi

avtokatastrofis Sedegad daiRupeba, marTalia, iqmneba faqtobrivi, magram ara

samarTlebrivad dasaZraxi riskis mdgomareoba, ris gamoc mas Tundac sasurveli


Sedegi obieqturad ar Seeracxeba. aseve Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva

gamoiricxeba im SemTxvevaSic, roca a.-m b.-s cecxlsasroli iaraRiT miayena

dazianeba, magram igi saavadmyofoSi miyvanamde gzaSi gardaicvala

avtoavariis Sedegad. am SemTxvevaSi a.-m., marTalia, Seqmna samarTlebrivad

dasaZraxi riskis mdgomareoba, magram es riski (iaraRiT dazianebiT sikvdilis

gamowveva) konkretul SedegSi (sikvdili avtoavariis Sedegad) ar iqna realizebuli.

maSasadame, riskis Teoriis mixedviT, obieqturi Seracxvis etapze sami

momenti unda dadgindes: a). pirma Tavisi moqmedebiT Seqmna Tu ara riskis

mdgomareoba; b). iyo Tu ara es riski samarTlebrivad dasaZraxi da g). moxda Tu

ara am riskiT konkretuli Sedegis gamowveva.52

adamianTa yoveldRiuri cxovreba da moqmedebebi aris mudmivi riskis

mdgomareoba, romelsac, calke aRebuli, araviTari sisxlissamarTlebrivi

mniSvneloba ara aqvs (magaliTad, mSoblis mier bavSvis skolaSi gagzavna;

avtomanqaniT an TviTmfrinaviT gadaadgileba). literaturaSi gamoiyofa

sisxlissamarTlebrivi SefasebisaTvis mniSvnelovan SemTxvevaTa ori jgufi,

romelic Sedegis obieqtur Seracxvas gamoricxavs: a) SemTxvevebi, rodesac

riskis mdgomareoba samarTlebrivad dasaZraxi ar aris; b) SemTxvevebi, rodesac

riski konkretul SedegSi ar iqna realizebuli. amasTan, gasaTvaliswinebelia is

garemoeba, rom obieqturi Seracxvis etapze irelevanturia imis dadgena, piri

moqmedebda ganzraxviT Tu gaufrTxileblobiT.

nebadarTuli riskis mdgomareobaSi Cadenili qmedebiT gamowveuli Sedegi

pirs obieqturad ar Seeracxeba da gamoricxavs qmedebis obieqtur

Semadgenlobas, radgan igi xorcieldeba sazogadoebis mier nebadarTuli

cxovrebiseuli riskis farglebSi, ris gamoc igi ganixileba, rogorc socialurad

adekvaturi. magaliTad, avtomanqanis tareba an TviTmfrinaviT gadaadgileba

yovelTvis aris riskis matarebeli moqmedeba, magram samarTlebrivad ar aris

dasaZraxi. aseve obieqturad ar aris Seracxadi iseTi qceviT gamowveuli Sedegi,


romelic normis adresatis batonobis qveS ar aris. magaliTad, mivlinebiT

TanamSromlis gagzavna, roca am dros igi sastumros kedlis Camongrevis

Sedegad daiRupeba, miuxedavad mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobisa, ar iwvevs

mivlinebaSi gamgzavnisaTvis Sedegis obieqturad Seracxvas.

TinaTin wereTeli safrTxis (riskis) Seqmnis an amaRlebis araerT analogiur

SemTxvevaSi sworad ar eTanxmeboda sabWoTa sisxlis samarTalSi gabatonebul

midgomas mizezobrivi kavSiris uaryofis Sesaxeb da aseT SemTxvevebSi

aviTarebda e.w. saSiSroebis an ganzraxvis uaryofis Teorias53 e.w. riskis Teorias

bevri saerTo aqvs TinaTin wereTlis mier sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis ararsebobiT

Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis gamoricxvasTan, rameTu samarTlebrivad dasaZraxi

riski Tavis mxriv warmoadgens swored socialurad saSiS mdgomareobas.

miuxedavad amisa, igi ver CaiTvleba obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb Teoriis

mimdevrad, radgan TinaTin wereTeli Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis aq

warmodgenil problematikas qmedebis Semadgenlobis gareT - materialuri

marTlwinaaRmdegobis an bralis etapze ganixilavda. E

4.3.2. moZRvreba obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb aviTarebs e.w. riskis

Semcirebis Teorias ismis kiTxva: riskis Semcireba qmedebis obieqturi

Semadgenlobis Tu marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebaa?

amasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs gansxvavebuli poziciebi, rac imaSi

mdgomareobs, rom igi qmedebis Semadgenlobis (obieqturi Seracxva) an

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel erT-erT garemoebad (dazaralebulis

Tanxmoba; dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmoba an ukiduresi aucilebloba)

ganixileba.

am Teoriis Sinaarsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom pirma, marTalia, Tavisi

moqmedebiT Seqmna riski, romelmac gamoiwvia samarTlebrivi sikeTis

dazianeba, magram amiT man imavdroulad Tavidan aicila am samarTlebrivi

sikeTisaTvis ufro didi zianis miyenebis safrTxe. magaliTad, a.-m b. gadaarCina


sikvdils, magram am dros Tavidan ver aicila da Tavisi moqmedebiT gamoiwvia

misTvis janmrTelobis dazianeba. kerZod, sayofacxovrebo konfliqtis niadagze

Cxubis dros i.-m aiRo najaxi da mokvlis ganzraxviT mouqnia b.-s. am dros

mezobelma a.-m Tavisi moqmedebiT xeli SeuSala i.-s, ris gamoc moqneuli najaxi

b.-s moxvda mxarSi da miiRo janmrTelobis naklebad mZime dazianeba.

marTalia, a.-m Tavisi moqmedebiT Sedegi Tavisi konkretuli formiT (janmrTelobis

dazianeba) mizezobrivad gamoiwvia. is rom ar Careuliyo, es konkretuli Sedegi ar

dadgeboda, magram Tavisi moqmedebiT mas ar gamouwvevia janmrTelobis

dazianebis samarTlebrivad dasaZraxi safrTxe, aramed, piriqiT, samarTlebrivi

sikeTis ufro didi dazianeba aicila Tavidan.

riskis Semcirebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba moviyvanoT sxva aseTi magaliTic: erT-

erT saqeifo sufraze Sexvedris dros a.-m gadawyvita b.-s mokvla SurisZiebis

niadagze. vinaidan sxva gamosavali ar hqonda, e.-m gadaarwmuna igi, moekla

b. da daarwmuna, rom cema da janmrTelobis dazianebis miyeneba savsebiT

sakmarisi iqneboda, rom mas ,,Wkua eswavla~. a.-m marTlac gadaifiqra da

dakmayofilda cemiT, ramac janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba gamoiwvia. am

SemTxvevaSic Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva riskis Semcirebis gamo unda

gamoiricxos.54

gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom zianis yovelgvari Semcireba rodi

iwvevs qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ararsebobas. riskis Semcireba

mxolod maSin gamoricxavs obieqtur Seracxvas, roca qmedeba arsebul

mizezobriv kavSirs daasustebs, daamuxruWebs. igi ar gamoiricxeba iseT

SemTxvevebSi, roca safrTxis amcileblis mier axali, damoukidebeli da, Tavis

mxriv, samarTlebrivad dasaZraxi safrTxe Seiqmneba, riTac ufro naklebi ziani

dadgeba, vidre Tavdapirveli. aseTi ziani, ufro didi safrTxis Tavidan acilebis

miuxedavad, obieqturad Seeracxeba pirs. magaliTad, a.-m cecxlmokidebuli

saxlis fanjridan gadaagdo sabanSi gaxveuli bavSvi, vinaidan misi sicocxlis


sxvagvarad gadarCena ar SeeZlo. man icoda, rom bavSvs SeiZleboda mieRo

dazianebebi. marTlac, bavSvi gadarCa, magram miiRo janmrTelobis dazianeba.

a.-s Sedegi obieqturad Seeracxeba, vinaidan man Tavisi moqmedebiT axali

safrTxe Seqmna. aseT SemTxvevaSi qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis (ssk-is 31_e muxli)

mixedviT, marTlwinaaRmdegoba gamoiricxeba marTlzomieri riskis safuZvelze.

obieqturi Seracxva ar gamoiricxeba iseT SemTxvevaSic, roca safrTxis

acilebis Semdeg axali, ufro naklebi zianis mimyenebeli samarTlebrivad

dasaZraxi safrTxe Seiqmneba, vidre Tavdapirveli. magaliTad, a.-m sikvdils

gadaarCina b. da misca mas TavSesafari, magram Tavis mxriv isargebla

SemTxveviT da daamyara masTan iZulebiTi sqesobrivi kavSiri. aseT

SemTxvevaSi Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva moxdeba Cveulebrivad.

Sedegis obieqtur Seracxvas ar gamoricxavs, magaliTad, matareblis meisris

iseTi moqmedeba, romelmac mravali mgzavris sicocxlis gadarCena gamoiwvia

rkinigzis sadguris erTi an ramdenime TanamSromlis sicocxlis mospobis xarjze.

marTalia, am da msgavs SemTxvevebSi adgili aqvs zianis kvantitatiur

(raodenobriv) Semcirebas, magram e.w. kvantitatiuri ukiduresoba ar aris

obieqturi Seracxvis problema. igi umciresobis poziciiT mxolod bralis etapze

SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes sapatiebel garemoebad, magram gabatonebuli

SexedulebiT arc brals gamoricxavs.55

4.3.3. marTlzomieri alternatiuli qmedeba da riskis amaRleba.

,,riskis amaRlebis Teoriis” damfuZnebelia klaus roqsini 56, romelsac araerTi

avtori uWers mxars sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi riskis TeoriasTan dakavSirebiT

diskusias iwvevs sakiTxi, Seeracxeba Tu ara pirs misi qmedebiT gamowveuli

Sedegi, roca utyuarad ar aris dadgenili, aramed mxolod savaraudod an

SesaZleblad miiCneva, rom mis mier marTlzomieri alternatiuli qmedebis

ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi Sedegi Tavidan iqneboda acilebuli.


magaliTad, t.-m satvirTo avtomanqaniT gauswro velosipediT mimaval o.-s, ra

drosac ar daicva dadgenili distancia. velosipedisti Cauvarda avtomanqanas da

adgilzeve gardaicvala. o. iseTi mTvrali iyo, rom mZRolis mier windaxedulobis

normis dacvis SemTxvevaSic savaraudod mainc am avtomanqanis borblebs

qveS aRmoCndeboda. Seeracxeba Tu ara t.-s damdgari gaufrTxilebeli Sedegi

obieqturad?

im SemTxvevaSi, roca dadgenilia, rom marTlzomieri alternatiuli moqmedeba

utyuarad igive Sedegs gamoiwvevda, Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva gamoiricxeba.

problemuria da azrTa sxvadasxvaoba ki, warmoiSoba im dros, roca konkretuli

qmedeba Tumca ara utyuarad, magram SesaZlebelia konkretuli damdgari

Sedegis Tavidan amcilebeli yofiliyo. maSasadame, Tu nebadarTuli riskis

farglebis gadacilebam sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgomis Sansi samarTlebrivad

relevanturad aamaRla, aseT SemTxvevaSi ar arsebobs araviTari safuZveli, rom

pirs riskis amaRlebisaTvis pasuxismgebloba ar daekisros.57

roqsinis riskis amaRlebis Teoria, romelsac bevri mxardamWeri gamouCnda,

ar gaiziara germaniis federalurma sasamarTlom, romelmac miiCnia, rom saziano

SedegisaTvis SeiZleba moZraobis dadgenili wesebis sawinaaRmdego qmedeba

mxolod maSin CaiTvalos kauzalurad, roca utyuarad dadgenilia, rom moZraobis

wesebis dacvis SemTxvevaSi es Sedegi ar dadgeboda. aseT SemTxvevaSi

roqsini, iseve rogorc am Teoriis sxva mimdevrebi, mxars ar uWeren in dubio pro

reo–s principis gamoyenebas.

riskis amaRlebis Teoriis sawinaaRmdegod gamoTqmulia kritika, rom igi

TiTqos Sedegian deliqtebs kanonsawinaaRmdegod safrTxis Semqmnel

deliqtebad aqcevs da, amasTan, ewinaaRmdegeba yvela eWvis braldebulis

sasargeblod gadawyvetis princips. am xarvezis aRmosafxvrelad,

mowinaaRmdegeTa azriT, Sedegis obieqturad Seracxva mxolod maSin miiCneva

SesaZleblad, roca utyuarad dadgindeba, rom windaxedulobis normis dacvis


SemTxvevaSi es Sedegi ar dadgeboda, xolo eWvis SemTxvevaSi Sedegis

obieqturi Seracxva unda gamoiricxos.

riskis amaRlebis Teoriis mowinaaRmdegeTa pozicia, sayuradRebo

argumentebis miuxedavad, ar aris gasaziarebeli. kanoni moiTxovs

windaxedulobis normis dacvas maSinac, roca misi Sesruleba samarTlebrivi

sikeTis gadarCenis Sanss, marTalia, mniSvnelovnad amaRlebs, magram

absoluturi utyuarobiT ver uzrunvelyofs. gasaziarebelia am poziciis

gasamyareblad helmut fuqsis mier moyvanili magaliTis miseuli samarTlebrivi

Sefaseba: kerZod, Tu eqimi operaciis gakeTebis dros dauSvebs Secdomas,

romlis Tavidan acileba SesaZlebeli iyo, igi sicocxlis gaufrTxileblobiT

mospobisaTvis pasuxs agebs maSinac, roca ar aris gamoricxuli imis albaToba,

rom eqimis mier windaxedulobis normis dacvis SemTxvevaSic pacientis

gadarCena SeuZlebeli iqneboda.

4.3.4. mizezTa samarTlebrivi urTierTkavSiri

riskis amaRlebis SemTxvevebisagan gansxvavebiT, pirs obieqturad ar

SeiZleba Seeracxos Sedegi, romelic, marTalia, windaxedulobis normiT

gaTvaliswinebul movaleobaTa darRveviT iyo gamowveuli, magram, igi

windaxedulobis normis Sesabamisad moqmedebis SemTxvevaSic dadgeboda.

SemTxvevaTa es jgufic mniSvnelovania gaufrTxilebeli da aseve umoqmedobiT

Cadenili danaSaulebisaTvis.

a. marTavda avtomanqanas dasaxlebul punqtSi nasvam mdgomareobaSi da

100 km. siCqariT saaTSi, maSin rodesac daSvebuli iyo 60 km. saaTSi siCqariT

siaruli. igi daejaxa qveiTad mosiarules, rasac misi sikvdili mohyva. procesze

dadginda, rom igi fxizel mdgomareobasa da daSvebuli siCqariT moZraobis

SemTxvevaSic Sedegs Tavidan ver aicilebda.58

am kazusis mixedviT, mizezobrivi kavSiri damdgar SedegTan saxezea. aseve

avtomanqanis saWesTan mTvral mdgomareobaSi yofna da dadgenili siCqaris


gadaWarbebiT moZraoba warmoadgens windaxedulobis normiT gaTvaliswinebul

movaleobaTa darRvevas. normis dacvis mizanic, romelic mdgomareobs aseTi

qceviT (simTvrale da gadaWarbebuli siCqariT moZraoba) gamowveuli

saSiSroebebis aRkveTaSi, saxezea. miuxedavad amisa, a.-s Sedegi obieqturad

mainc ver Seeracxeba, Tu es Sedegi windaxedulobis normis Sesabamisi

moqmedebis drosac dadgeboda. amasTan, gabatonebuli Sexeduleba aseT

SemTxvevaSi problemis gadasawyvetad braldebulis sasargeblod iyenebs in dubio

pro reo –s princips.

4.3.5. mizezobrivi kavSiris atipiuri ganviTareba

atipiuri mizezobriobis SemTxvevebi, miuxedavad mizezobrivi kavSiris

udavod arsebobisa, Sedegis obieqtur Seracxvas gamoricxavs. swored amitom

kumulaciuri mizezobrioba aris atipiuri mizezobriobis erT-erTi SemTxveva.

gavrcelebuli Sexedulebis mixedviT, atipiuri aris garemoebaTa nebismieri

iseTi ganviTareba, romelic movlenaTa Cveulebrivi mimdinareobisa da zogadi

cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, ar aris mosalodneli. aseT

SemTxvevaSi Sedegi aris ara SesaZlebloba, aramed SemTxveviToba. amitom

mizezobriobis atipiuri ganviTarebis dros unda Semowmdes, xom ar aris

konkretuli SemTxvevis Sedegi sayovelTao cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis farglebs

gareT. aseTi viTarebis SemTxvevaSi Sedegis obieqturad Seracxva ar unda

moxdes.59

aseve TinaTin wereTelTan mocemulia atipiuri mizezobriobis

magaliTebi. ,,sportsmenis", ,,rkinigzis memanqanis”, ,,qvafenilis”, ,,cxenidan

Camogdebis” SemTxvevebSi 60.sasamarTlom gansasjelebi gaamarTla

gaufrTxileblobiT sicocxlis mospobis braldebaSi, radgan CaTvala, rom ar arsebobda

mizezobrivi kavSiri maT mier Cadenil moqmedebebsa da damdgar Sedegebs

Soris. gansakuTrebiT bolo am or SemTxvevas TinaTin wereTeli miiCnevs

mizezobrivi kavSiris atipiur ganviTarebad (,,mizezobrivi kavSiri am SemTxvevaSi


atipiurad, araCveulebrivad mimdinareobda” 61. mas miaCnia, rom sasamarTlos am

qmedebebis Camden pirTa gamarTlebis safuZvlad ara mizezobrivi kavSiris

ararseboba, aramed sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis an bralis uaryofa unda

mieTiTebina 62. TinaTin wereTlis mixedviT, atipiuri mizezobriobis dros ,,ar arsebobs

arc moqmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba da arc brali” 63. bralis sakiTxi mxolod

maSin SeiZleba warmoiSvas, rodesac qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis

sakiTxi dadebiTad aris gadawyvetili. atipiuri mizezobriobis dros ukve

sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis sakiTxi wydeba uaryofiTad.64 am poziciis dasabuTeba

xdeba imiT, rom qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis damtkicebisaTvis ar

SeiZleba mxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebuli adamianis iseTi moqmedeba, romelic

Tumca Sedegis aucilebeli piroba iyo, magram imdenad umniSvnelo roli Seasrula

mavne Sedegis warmoSobaSi, rom praqtikulad misi monawileoba ar SeiZleba

angariSgasawevi iyos. es ki, Tavis mxriv, maSin arsebobs, roca moqmedeba misi

Cadenis momentSi ar hqmnida realur SesaZleblobas, zemoqmedeba moexdina

movlenaTa faqtiur msvlelobaze. 65

atipiuri mizezobriobis nebismieri SemTxveva Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis

gamomricxvel garemoebas warmoadgens, ris gamoc aseT dros orive pozicia:

rogorc mizezobrivi kavSiris gamoricxva, aseve qmedebis obieqturi

Semadgenlobis gareT, subieqtur sferoSi, SedegisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis

gamomrcxveli garemoebis Zebna, ar aris dasabuTebuli. aseTi SemTxveva unda

ganixilebodes, rogorc qmedebis Semadgenlobis etapze obieqturi Seracxvis

gamomricxveli garemoeba.

4.3.6. adamianis nebisgan damoukideblad ganviTarebuli mizezobrioba.

adamianis moqmedebiT gamowveuli nebismieri Sedegi, romelic misi nebis

batonobis gareSe mimdinareobs da mis nebas ar aris daqvemdebarebuli an

daqvemdebarebadi, ar SeiZleba mas obieqturad Seeracxos. amis magaliTebad

SeiZleba mivuTiToT Semdegi:


a.-m Tavisi sidedri TviTmfrinaviT dasasveneblad gaagzavna kanaris

kunZulebze. igi usafuZvlod imedovnebda, rom TviTmfrinavis katastrofis

Sedegad sidedri daiRupeboda. sidedri TviTmfrinavis SemTxveviT Camovardnis

Sedegad marTlac daiRupa. Seeracxeba Tu ara siZes Sedegi obieqturad?

i.-m gazarda Svili, romelmac 20 wlis asakSi mkvleloba Caidina. Seeracxeba

Tu ara mSobels Sedegi obieqturad?

aseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva aseve atipiuri

mizezobriobis gamo gamoiricxeba, ganzraxi mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenloba

ar aris ganxorcielebuli, vinaidan a.-sa da i.-s movlenaTa ganviTarebaze raime

obieqturi zegavlena ar mouxdeniaT, raTa damdgariyo Sedegi (msxverplis

sikvdili). ase, rom, maT, miuxedavad mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobisa, Sedegi ar

SeiZleba obieqturad SeeracxoT. aseT SemTxvevebSi pirs qmedebaze araviTari

faqtiuri batonobis ganxorcieleba ar SeuZlia. orive SemTxvevaSi sidedri da Svili

moqmedebdnen sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT. pirvel magaliTSi msxverpli _ sidedri

moqmedebda sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT TviTmfrinavis Camovardnis yoveldRiur

riskTan mimarTebaSi, xolo meore magaliTSi Svili moqmedebda, rogorc

damnaSave sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT, radgan mSobels ar gaaCnda faqtiuri

batonoba movlenaTa mimdinareobaze.

sakuTari pasuxismgebloba gulisxmobs, upirveles yovlisa, qmedebaze

batonobas. arc erTi pirovneba ar SeiZleba moqmedebdes sakuTari

pasuxismgeblobiT, roca ara mas, aramed sxva pirs aqvs qmedebaze realuri

batonoba. 66

4.3.7. normis dacvis mizani.

obieqturad ar aris Seracxadi iseTi qceviT gamowveuli Sedegi, romelic,

marTalia, windaxedulobis normiT gaTvaliswinebul movaleobaTa darRvevas

warmoadgenda, magram es norma miznad isaxavda sul sxva qmedebis

Semadgenlobis Sesabamisi Sedegis aRkveTas, vidre imas, rac realurad dadga.


SemTxvevaTa es jgufi, pirvel rigSi, mniSvnelovania gaufrTxilebeli

danaSaulebisaTvis.

magaliTad, bnel RameSi soflis gzaze, yovelgvari ganaTebis gareSe, ori

adamiani midioda velosipedebiT. maTi SemCneva avtomanqanis mZRolisaTvis

iyo Zalze Zneli. a. daejaxa erT-erT maTgan m.-s, ris Sedegadac m. gardaicvala.

meore _ k.-s velosipeds mainc rom hqonoda raime ganaTeba, mZRoli orive

maTgans dainaxavda da Sedegi ar dadgeboda. Seeracxeba Tu ara k.-s damdgari

Sedegi obieqturad?67.

k.-s mier windaxedulobis normis darRveva iyo damdgar SedegTan

mizezobriv kavSirSi: mas rom ganaTeba gamoeyenebina, avtomanqanis mZRoli

orive velosipeds SeamCnevda da sasikvdilo Sedegi ar dadgeboda. saavtomobilo

bnel gzaze velosipediT RamiT ganaTebis gareSe moZraoba warmoadgens

windaxedulobis normiT gaTvaliswinebuli movaleobis darRvevas, romelic qmnis

samarTlebrivad dasaZrax risks. es riski ki mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Tu

ganaTebis gareSe ivli, TviTon velosipedis mZRols daemuqreba is safrTxe, rom

mas ver SeamCnevs avtomanqanis mZRoli da amiT SeiZleba dadges ubeduri

SemTxveva. valdebuleba, sibneleSi mxolod ganaTebuli velosipediT unda iaro, ar

SeiZleba im mizans emsaxurebodes, rom sxvebic gaanaTo, rom isini ubedur

SemTxvevaSi ar aRmoCndnen. swored amitom, k. gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulisaTvis

ar unda daisajos, radgan mas darRveuli normiT daculi miznis gareT mdgomi

Sedegi obieqturad ar Seeracxeba.

4.3.8. dazaralebulis piradi pasuxismgeblobiT gamowveuli TviTsafrTxe.

gabatonebuli Sexedulebis mixedviT, dazaralebulis mier sakuTari TavisTvis

piradi pasuxismgeblobiT Segnebulad miyenebuli sicocxlis, janmrTelobis

TviTsafrTxiT gamowveuli Sedegi, miuxedavad sxva piris mier Cadenili

moqmedebis SedegTan mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobisa, am ukanasknelisaTvis

Sedegis obieqtur Seracxvas gamoricxavs68.


magaliTad, a. da b. erTmaneTs ejibrebodnen motorbolaSi. orive maTgani iyo

mTvrali, magram sruli Seracxadobis mdgomareobaSi. es rbola, romlis drosac

orivem windaxedulobis norma daarRvia, b.-sTvis sasikvdilo SedegiT damTavrda.

Seeracxeba Tu ara a.-s damdgari Sedegi obieqturad?

germaniis federalurma uzenaesma sasamarTlom a. gaasamarTla sicocxlis

gaufrTxileblobiT mospobisaTvis, radgan man ,,winaswarganWvretadi da

acilebadi Sedegi movaleobaTa darRveviT gamoiwvia. roqsinis mixedviT, radgan

saxeze gvaqvs ganzrax Seqmnil TviTsafrTxis mdgomareobaSi monawileoba,

romlis risksac b., sruli Seracxadobisa gamo, sakmarisad naTlad xedavda,

miuxedavad riskis ganxorcielebisa, ar eqceva normis dacvis sferoSi da a.-s

damdgari Sedegi obieqturad ver Seeracxeba.69.

aseve yuradRebas imsaxurebs literaturaSi gavrcelebuli e.w. heroinis

magaliTi: romelic mocemuli gvaqvs profesor merab turavas saxelmZRvaneloSi

(sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis mimoxilva TandarTuli testebis nimuSebiTa

dakazusis amoxsnis meTodis gamoyenebiT me-8 gamocema) a. da b. arian

megobrebi. a.-s aqvs heroini, xolo b.-m SeiZina ori erTjeradi Sprici. isini

Sevidnen erT-erT sapirfareSoSi, moamzades masala da moaTavses igi b.-s mier

motanil orive SpricSi. amis Semdeg orivem cal-calke TviTon gaikeTa narkotiki.

ineqciis Sedegad male orive ugono mdgomareobaSi Cavarda. ramdenime wuTSi

TviTmxilvelebma gamoiZaxes saswrafo daxmareba. miuxedavad amisa,

eqimebma ver SeZles a.-s gadarCena. Seeracxeba Tu ara b.-s obieqturad

damdgari mZime Sedegi?

a.-s mier sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT gamowveuli TviTsafrTxis viTarebaSi, b.-

s mier windaxedulobis normis darRveviT mis mimarT sicocxlis mospobis

obieqturi Semadgenloba ar aris ganxorcielebuli, ris gamoc b.-s misi

moqmedebiT (Spricebis SeZena da heroinis erToblivi moxmarebis procesSi


monawileoba) gamowveuli Sedegis (a.-s sikvdili) miuxedavad, es Sedegi ar

SeiZleba obieqturad Seeracxos.

piris moqmedeba msxverplis mimarT SeiZleba iyos ganzraxi an

gaufrTxilebeli. arc erT SemTxvevaSi am piris pasuxismgebloba ar dadgeba, Tu

msxverplma safrTxiT Seqmnili riskis TviTrealizacia Segnebulad moaxdina.

am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

238-e muxlis (cecxlsasroli iaraRis daudevrad Senaxva, riTac Seqmnili iyo piroba

misi sxva piris mier gamoyenebisaTvis, ramac gamoiwvia adamianis sicocxlis

mospoba an sxva mZime Sedegi). erT-erTma policielma magidaze datova

pistoleti, romlis tarebis uflebac mas hqonda. megobarma gogonam, romelic iyo

srulwlovani da fsiqikurad janmrTeli, Tavi moikla am iaraRiT. vinaidan qarTul

sisxlis samarTalSi, maT Soris, sasamarTlo praqtikaSi, dRemde ganviTarebuli ar

aris obieqturi Seracxvis Teoria, policieli daisaja am danaSaulisaTvis ssk-is 238-e

muxliT. obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb Teoriis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi, Sedegis

obieqturi Seracxva unda gamoiricxos, vinaidan adgili hqonda dazaralebulis

Tavisufali nebis safuZvelze ganxorcielebul TviTmkvlelobas. me-8 gansxvavebuli

Sedegi iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dazaralebuli iqneboda Seuracxadi piri (ssk-is

33-e an 34-e muxli), romelic am iaraRiT moiklavda Tavs. aseT SemTxvevaSi

policielisaTvis Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva moxdeboda Cveulebrivi wesiT70.

maSasadame, msxverplis e.w. piradi pasuxismgebloba gulisxmobs, rom mas

win unda uZRodes nebis Tavisufleba da moqmedebis Segnebuloba. aRniSnuli ar

aris saxeze, roca msxverpls Seuracxaobis an sxva garemoebis (magaliTad,

SecdomaSi Seyvana) gamo ara aqvs Tavisi nebis Sesabamisi Tavisufali

gadawyvetilebis miRebis unari.

4.3.9. TviTmkvlelobaSi (suicidSi) aqtiuri Tanamonawileoba

mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenloba ar aris ganxorcielebuli, Tu Cadenilia

msxverplis sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT gamowveuli TviTmkvleloba (suicidi).


magaliTad, petriaSvilma icis, rom mis megobars gadawyvetili aqvs

TviTmkvleloba. man megobars misca iaraRi an sawamlavi. aris Tu ara

petriaSvilis moqmedeba mizezobriv kavSirSi SedegTan da Seeracxeba Tu ara

mas, rogorc damxmares, Sedegi obieqturad?

vinaidan TviTmkvleloba an TviTmkvlelobis mcdeloba am magaliTSi

warmodgenili SinaarsiT ar warmoadgens marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas,

amitom mas ar hyavs amsrulebeli. Tanamonawileobis aqcesoruli bunebidan

gamomdinare, rac niSnavs Tanamonawilis pasuxismgeblobis damokidebulebas

amsruleblis pasuxismgeblobaze, arc damxmare ar daisjeba sisxlis samarTlis

wesiT suicidSi TanamonawileobisaTvis.71

am SemTxvevaSic msxverpli unda moqmedebdes sakuTari

pasuxismgeblobiT da mas unda gaaCndes nebis Tavisufleba da moqmedebis

Segnebuloba. msxverplis Seuracxaoba an SecdomaSi Seyvana aqac

gamoricxavs Tavisi nebis Sesabamisi Tavisufali gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars.

amasTan, Semowmebas moiTxovs, xom ara aqvs adgili e.w. SualobiT

amsruleblobas, roca pirma msxverplis nebis defeqtis Sesaxeb icis da mas

borotad iyenebs, Trgunavs. magaliTad, literaturaSi miTiTebulia iseTi

SemTxveva, roca msxverpli, marTalia, Seracxadia, magram misi neba

daTrgunulia sikvdilis Semdeg reinkarnaciis Sedegad sxva planetaze maradiuli

sicocxlis molodinSi72 am dros, SualobiTi amsrulebeli msxverpls iyenebs, rogorc

e.w. ,,cocxal iaraRs~ sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg. aseT viTarebaSi, Sedegis

dadgomis SemTxvevaSi, sakamaToa, gamomdinareobs Tu ara saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 22-e muxlSi mocemuli ,,SualobiTi amsruleblobis~

cnebidan Seracxadi piris mier TviTmkvlelobis Cadenis gamo sxva pirisaTvis

SualobiTi amsruleblobis formiT Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva.

4.3.10. TviTmkvlelobaSi (suicidSi) pasiuri Tanamonawileoba.


samarTlebrivma garantma, gamoiCina ra pasiuroba, ar ganaxorciela aqtiuri

moqmedeba, riTac SeeZlo daxmareba aRmoeCina im pirisaTvis, romelmac

TviTmkvleloba gadawyvita. im dros, roca msxverpli TviTmkvlelobisaken

mimarTuli Tavisi moqmedebiT gonebadakargulia, samarTlebrivi garanti ar

axorcielebs mis gadarCenis RonisZiebebs im mosazrebiT, rom pativi sces

msxverplis sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT miRebul TviTmkvlelobis gadawyvetilebas.

umoqmedobiT Cadenili ganzraxi mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenloba ar aris

ganxorcielebuli, Tu, magaliTad, eqimi an axlo naTesavi ar Seasrulebs

samarTlebrivi garantis funqcias msxverplis gadasarCenad, Tu igi axorcielebs

sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT gamowveul TviTmkvlelobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi

samarTlebrivi garantis movaleoba ar aris darRveuli da Sedegis obieqturi

Seracxva ar unda ganxorcieldes.

4.3.11. pasuxismgebloba qmedebaze batonobisaTvis da msxverplis piradi

pasuxismgebloba.

Amis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT Semdegi magaliTi, loginad

Cavardnilma babuam gadawyvita Tavi moekla. man Tavis SviliSvils Txova,

SeZlebisdagvarad daxmareboda am saqmeSi, Tu igi sasurvel Sedegs marto ver

miaRwevda. ramdenime dReSi babuam gaikeTa sasikvdilo ineqcia, romelmac

ucbad ki ar gamoiwvia Sedegi, aramed jer Rrmad daaZina. imaze fiqriT, rom

SeiZleba ineqciam didxans ar gamoiwvios TviT msxverplisaTvis sasurveli Sedegi,

SviliSvilma babuas Rrma Zilis mdgomareobaSi gaukeTa meore sasikvdilo

ineqcia, raTa msxverplis neba droulad asrulebuliyo. babua SviliSvilis

moqmedebis gareSec pirveli ineqciiTac mokvdeboda, magram yvela

SemTxvevaSi ramdenime saaTiT gvian.

ganzraxi mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenloba SviliSvilis sasikvdilo qmedebis

Sedegad saxezea. man minimum ramdenime saaTiT daaCqara Sedegi, romelic

msxverplis moqmedebiT mogvianebiT isedac aucileblad dadgeboda.


maSasadame, man gamoiwvia msxverplis sicocxlis xangrZlivobis Semokleba.

msxverplis sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT gamowveuli TviTsafrTxe suicidis mizniT

ar gamoricxavs SviliSvilisTvis Sedegis obieqturad Seracxvas, vinaidan am

qmedebis gareSe es Sedegi am dros ar dadgeboda. babuis mier viTarebis

Seugneblobis mdgomareobaSi qmedebaze batonobis SesaZlebloba mTlianad

gadavida babuidan SviliSvilze. qmedebaze batonoba iyo ukanaskneli piroba,

romelmac gamoiwvia Sedegi.

arsebobs sawinaaRmdego poziciac, romelic situaciidan gamomdinare, rac

mdgomareobs suicidis dros msxverplis sakuTari pasuxismgeblobis

Taviseburebebidan, mTliani viTarebisaTvis normatiul pasuxismgeblobas

mTlianad msxverpls akisrebs: mTavari ar aris e.w. ,,bolo piroba~, ris gamoc

aseTi SemTxveva ar miiCneva dasjadad.

4.3.12. umoqmedoba moqmedebiT.

eqimma a.-m gamorTo sicocxlis gamaxangrZlivebeli reanimatori da amiT

gamoiwvia pacientis sikvdili. eqimma icis pacientis namdvili neba, rom mas ar

surs xelovnurad sicocxlis gaxangrZliveba da unda bunebrivi sikvdili, radgan ara

aqvs gamojanmrTelebis araviTari Sansi. eqimi samarTlebrivadac ar aris

valdebuli, pacientis nebis sawinaaRmdegod amyofos igi iZulebiT mkurnalobaSi.

eqims ara aqvs pacientis nebis sawinaaRmdegod misi Semdgomi mkurnalobis

araviTari samarTlebrivi valdebuleba. Aaris Tu ara aseT dros eqimis moqmedeba

dasjadi?

vfiqrob, ganzraxi mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenloba ar aris ganxorcielebuli.

eqims, misi moqmedebis kauzalobis miuxedavad (sicocxlis gamaxangrZlivebeli

aparaturis gamorTva) SedegTan (pacientis sikvdili), es Sedegi obieqturad ar

unda Seeracxos. misi qmedeba warmoadgens mkurnalobis Semdgom SeCerebas

im viTarebaSi, roca aseTi mkurnalobis samarTlebrivi valdebuleba ar arsebobs.

termini: ,,umoqmedoba moqmedebiT~ momdinareobs iqidan, rom Semdgomi


mkurnalobis ganxorcielebis Sewyveta (umoqmedoba) moxda aparaturis

gamorTviT (moqmedeba)73.

4.3.13. obieqturi Seracxva moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris pirdapiri anu

uSualo kavSiris ararsebobis dros. regresis akrZalva.

regresis akrZalvis Teoria, romelic ukavSirdeba rainhard frankis saxels,

Tavdapirvelad Seiqmna, rogorc mizezobrivi kavSiris Teoria, romelic Semdgom

obieqturi Seracxvis Teoriad iqca.

erT-erTi magaliTis mixedviT, Tu monadiris mier garderobze dakidebul iaraRs

mesame piri aiRebs da Caidens sxva piris mkvlelobas, frankis regresis akrZalvis

Teoriis mixedviT, monadire ar agebs pasuxs damdgari SedegisaTvis, radgan ar

arsebobs mizezobrivi kavSiri mis moqmedebasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris:

ganzraxi mkvlelobis Camdeni monadiris mier Seqmnil pirobasa da damdgar

Sedegs Soris mesame piri Cadga. pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis SezRudva

moqmedebs mesame piris mier ara mxolod ganzraxi, aramed gaufrTxilebeli

danaSaulis Cadenis drosac, aseve maSin, roca mesame piri da dazaralebuli erTi

da igive pirovnebaa.

sasamarTlo praqtikidan cnobilia literaturaSi miTiTebuli e.w. arqiteqtoris

SemTxveva, romelmac saxli ise aaSena, rom xanZris SemTxvevaSi zeda

sarTulze macxovreblebs ar hqondaT Senobidan saavario gasasvleli. mesame

pirma saxls ganzrax cecxli waukida, ramac adamianis msxverpli gamoiwvia.

frankis Teoriis mixedviT, arqiteqtori ar unda daisajos gaufrTxilebeli SedegisaTvis

imis gamo, rom mesame piri ganzrax CaerTo movlenaTa ganviTarebaSi, ris

gamoc, misi SexedulebiT, gamoiricxeba Tavdapirveli qmedebis Camdenis

mizezobrivi kavSiri damdgar SedegTan. regresis akrZalvis Teoriis

mowinaaRmdegeTa da sasamarTlo praqtikis mixedviT, mis mier windaxedulobis

normis darRvevis gamo, arqiteqtori unda daisajos sicocxlis gaufrTxileblobiT

mospobisaTvis.74


pirveli moqmedebis Camdenis pasuxismgeblobis zogadad yvela

SemTxvevaSi gamoricxva dReisaTvis ar aris aRiarebuli. obieqturi Seracxvis

Teoriis mixedviT, unda dadgindes, SesaZlebelia Tu ara qmedeba jer kidev rogorc

pirveli moqmedebis Camdenis ,,qmniliba” iqnes miCneuli, Tu igi mTlianad

mesame piris ,,pasuxismgeblobi sferoSi” moeqca. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,

moxda Tu ara SedegSi Tavdapirveli safrTxis realizacia, Tu sxva, axali safrTxe

dafuZnda.

garda am magaliTisa, ar SeiZleba safrTxis gamomwvev da zianis

mimyenebel pirs obieqturad Seeracxos msxverplis sikvdili, Tu es ukanaskneli

uars ambobs misTvis sicocxlis gadamrCeni operaciis Catarebaze.

maSasadame, problema warmoiSoba iseTi kauzalobis dros, roca mizezobrivi

kavSiris ganviTarebaSi CarTulia mesame pirTa an TviT dazaralebulis an bunebis

ZalTa moqmedeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, magaliTad, sabWoTa sisxlis samarTalic

mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobas uaryofda, radgan miaCnda, rom adamianis

Tavdapirvel moqmedebasa da sazogadoebrivad saSiS Sedegs Soris ar

arsebobda pirdapiri anu uSualo mizezobrivi kavSiri 75 TinaTin wereTlis azriT,

mizezobrivi kavSiris aRiareba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca igi pirdapiri an

uSualoa, mTel rig SemTxvevebSi Seusabamo daskvnebamde migviyvanda.

e.w. ,,regresis akrZalvis~ TeoriasTan dakavSirebiT literaturaSi calke

gamoyofili e.w. ,,gawyvetili mizezobrioba~ imiT xasiaTdeba, rom Cadenili

qmedeba aucileblad gamoiwvevda Sedegs, magram Sedegis dadgomamde

Cadenil iqna sxva axali moqmedeba, romelmac Sedegi manamde uSualod

gamoiwvia. aseT SemTxvevaSi ar arsebobs pirveli moqmedebis mizezobrivi

kavSiri SedegTan, radgan igi gawyda, xolo meore moqmedebam axali safrTxe

daafuZna, romelic pirvelis gareSec, damoukideblad Sedegs gamoiwvevda.

magaliTad, T.-m mowamla l. sanam es ukanaskneli mokvdeboda, l.-s Tavs

daesxa SeiaraRebuli b., romelmac mokla pistoletiT. Sedegi (sikvdili) dadgeboda


imisda miuxedavad, T. mowamlavda Tu ara manamde l.-s, e.i. b.-s moqmedebis

Sedegi ar iyo damokidebuli T.-s qmedebaze. amitom, T.-s moqmedeba ar aris

mizezobriv kavSirSi SedegTan da pasuxs agebs mcdelobisaTvis, xolo b. _

damTavrebuli danaSaulisaTvis. argumentacia mdgomareobs imaSi, rom T.-s rom

ar moewamla, l.-s mainc moklavda b.

aseve calke gamoiyofa mizezobriobis SemTxvevaTa iseTi jgufi, romelsac

pirobiTad ,,gamswrebi~, an ,,mravalsafexuriani mizezobrioba~ ewodeba. am

SemTxvevaSic, marTalia, uSualo Sedegi axalma moqmedebam gamoiwvia,

magram Tavdapirveli moqmedebis gareSe es Sedegi ar dadgeboda, e.i. pirveli

moqmedebac mizezobriv kavSirSia SedegTan, ris gamoc Sedegi obieqturad

masac Seeracxeba da ara marto imas, vinc aseTi Sedegi uSualod gamoiwvia.

magaliTad, T.-m mowamla l., ise, rom am qmedebas misi sikvdili unda

mohyoloda, Tumca ucbad ki ar mokvda, aramed daZabunda. sasikvdilo Sedegis

dadgomamde l.-s Tavs daesxa b. da moaxerxa misi mokvla, vinaidan l.

daZabunebuli iyo da saTanado winaaRmdegoba ver gauwia Tavdamsxmels.

orive damnaSaves obieqturad Seeracxeba Sedegi da pasuxs ageben

damTavrebuli danaSaulisaTvis. T.-s rom ar moewamla, l. Tavis dacvas

moaxerxebda da Sedegi am formiT ar dadgeboda, Tumca ufro gvian am

moqmedebis Sedegad mokvdeboda. Mmagram, arsebobs SesaZlebloba, iseve

rogorc kumulaciuri mizezobriobis dros, sakiTxi sxvagvarad iqnes gadawyvetili,

kerZod, mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobis miuxedavad, qmedebis obieqturi

Semadgenlobis etapzeve damTavrebuli danaSaulisaTvis dasjadoba iqnes

uaryofili Sedegis T.-saTvis obieqturad Seracxvis gamoricxvis gziT, rac

gamomdinareobs e.w. regresis akrZalvis Teoriidan. amasTan, Sedegis obieqturi

Seracxvis SemTxvevaSi qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze xdeba imis

Semowmeba, xom ar hqonda adgili mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebaSi arsebiT

gadaxras, romelmac ganzraxvis gamoricxva SeiZleba gamoiwvios.


regresis akrZalvis Teoriis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Tavdapirveli

qmedebis CamdenisaTvis obieqturad ar aris Seracxadi iseTi moqmedebiT

gamowveuli Sedegi, romelmac, marTalia, Seqmna samarTlebrivad relevanturi

riski, magram konkretuli Sedegi mxolod imis Sedegad dadga, rom mesame

pirma ganzrax, sruli pasuxismgeblobis mdgomareobaSi Tavdapirvel

moqmedebasTan kavSirSi myofi, magram Sedegis gamomwvevi axali

damoukidebeli safrTxe daafuZna, romelic konkretul SedegSi ganxorcielda. am

SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs pasuxismgeblobis sferoebis gamijvnas: TiToeulma

pasuxi unda agos sakuTari qmedebisaTvis. 76. A

am Teoriis dafuZnebis dros jer kidev ar arsebobda obieqturi Seracxvis

kategoria, ris gamoc igi ganixileboda, rogorc mizezobriobis Teoria. mis ideas,

rom ganzraxi moqmedebis safuZvelze sruliad axali mizezobriobis jaWvi iwyeba,

dResac ar daukargavs Tavisi aqtualoba. Tavdapirvel moqmedebasa da Sedegs

Soris ganxorcielebuli sxva piris ,,qmedebaze batonoba~ am Teoriis mixedviT

iwvevs Tavdapirveli qmedebis Camdeni piris pasuxismgeblobis srul

gamoricxvas. ,,regresis akrZalvis~ Teoria aseT SemTxvevebSi mizezobriobas

mTlinad gamoricxavs.

magaliTad, a.-m b.-s saWmelSi Cauyara sawamlavi. sanam sawamlavi

imoqmedebda, igi cecxlsasroli iaraRiT mokla m.-m. es aris e.w. ,,gawyvetili

mizezobriobis~ SemTxveva, romlis drosac sasikvdilo SedegTan dakavSirebiT a.-

s moqmedebis mizezobrivi kavSiri gamoiricxeba. 77

,,gamswrebi mizezobriobis~ dros SeiZleba vamtkicoT, rom, marTalia, uSualo

Sedegi axalma mizezma gamoiwvia, magram Tavdapirveli moqmedebis gareSe

es Sedegi ar dadgeboda, ris gamoc pirveli moqmedebac mizezobriv kavSirSia

SedegTan. miuxedavad amisa, e.w. regresis akrZalvis TeoriiT, Tavdapirveli

moqmedebis CamdenisaTvis Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva gamoiricxeba.


TinaTin wereTels mohyavs magaliTi sasamarTlo praqtikidan 78, romelic

uaryofs mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobas moqmedebasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris

,,uSualo mizezobrivi kavSiris~ ararsebobis gamo. sasamarTlo kolegiam aRniSna,

rom erTi piris mier meore piris daWrasa da am ukanasknelis sikvdils Soris ,,ar

aris uSualo mizezobrivi kavSiri~, vinaidan dazaralebuls miyenebuli hqonda

sxeulis msubuqi dazianeba, romelsac ara Tu ar SeeZlo dazaralebulis sikvdili

gamoewvia, aramed raime organos funqciis xangrZlivi moSlac ki ar unda

mohyoloda. zemdgomma sasamarTlomac piris pasuxismgebloba uaryo imis

gamo, rom msxverplis sikvdili WrilobasTan ,,uaxloes da uSualo mizezobriv

kavSirSi ar iyo~. pirdapiri mizezobrivi kavSiris ararsebobis gamo es da sxva

msgavsi moqmedebebi kvalificirdeboda ara rogorc damTavrebuli mkvleloba,

aramed rogorc mkvlelobis mcdeloba 79.

TinaTin wereTeli ar eTanxmeba mizezobrivi kavSiris aRiarebas mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi, roca igi pirdapiri an uSualoa 80. misi azriT, ar

arsebobs ,,mizezobrivi kavSiris gawyvetis~ cneba. ,,mizezobrivi

kavSiris ,,gawyvetis~ cneba yalbi da safuZvels moklebuli cnebaa. Tu mizezobrivi

kavSiri ukve arsebobda, igi ar SeiZleba CavTvaloT ararsebulad, xolo Tu igi

ararsebobda, arc SeiZleboda gamwydariyo 81. SemTxvevebs, romlebic

mizezobrivi kavSiris ,,gawyvetis~ Teoriis meSveobiT sabuTdeba, TinaTin

wereTeli asabuTebs qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebisa da bralis safuZvelze.

4.3.14. obieqturi Seracxva mizezobrivi kavSiris savaraudo ganviTarebis

Sesaxeb Secdomis daSvebis dros.

aris iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTareba

warimarTeba atipiurad da adamianis nebisgan damoukideblad. maSin, rodesac

damnaSaves mizezobriobis ganviTarebis sruliad sxvagvari suraTi hqonda

warmodgenili, zogjer movlenaTa ganviTareba sruliad sxvagvarad moxdeba


(Secdoma mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebaSi). adre aseTi atipiuri SemTxvevebi

qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze ganixileboda.

magaliTad, a.-s undoda b.-s mokvla angarebiT, magram srolis Sedegad

miayena mas mxolod iseTi dazianeba, romelic ar iyo sasikvdilo.

saavadmyofosaken mimaval gzaze saswrafo daxmarebis manqanas daejaxa

satvirTo avtomanqana. avtoavariis Sedegad mZRoli da avadmyofi daiRupnen.

daisjeba Tu ara a. damTavrebuli mkvlelobisaTvis.

b.-s sikvdili a.-s obieqturad ar Seeracxeba, miuxedavad mizezobrivi kavSiris

arsebobisa, vinaidan a.-s ara aqvs saswrafo daxmarebis manqanis mimarT

momxdari movlenis Taobaze araviTari batonoba. miuxedavad sakuTari

moqmedebiT sasurveli Sedegis gamowvevisa, Sedegi mas obieqturad ar

Seeracxeba da pasuxismgebloba mxolod ganzraxi mkvlelobis mcdelobisaTvis

daekisreba.82.

adreuli Teoria da sasamarTlo praqtika aseT SemTxvevaSi miiCnevda, rom

qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenloba saxezea, radgan Sedegis obieqturi da am

sakiTxze vemijnebiT pozicias imis Sesaxeb, rom obieqturi Seracxvis kategoria jer

kidev ar iyo aRiarebuli.

winamdebare teqstSi warmodgenili Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, mizezobrivi

kavSiris ganviTarebaSi daSvebuli Secdomis problematika swored obieqturi

Seracxvis TeoriiT unda gadawydes83.

amiT Seracxvis problematika SesaZlebelia mTlianad ganzraxvis etapze iqnes

gadawyvetili.

Secdoma mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebaSi warmoadgens Secdomis erT-erT

saxes. misi arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Sedegi dadga mizezobriobis jaWvis

ara imgvarad ganviTarebiT, rogorc es warmoedgina damnaSaves, aramed

movlenaTa sxvagvarad ganviTarebis Sedegad. aseT Secdomas yovelTvis ara

aqvs mniSvneloba da ar iwvevs cvlilebas sisxlissamarTlebriv SefasebebSi,


aramed mxolod maSin, roca adgili hqonda mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebis

procesSi ,,arsebiT gadaxras~ winaswar gansazRvruli

ganviTarebisagan. ,,arsebiTi gadaxra~ niSnavs winaswar gansazRvrulisagan

gansxvavebiT movlenaTa iseT ganviTarebas, romlis damnaSavisaTvis winaswar

ganWvreta, zogadi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, ar iyo

SesaZlebeli. magaliTad, a.-m b.-s esrola tyvia, b.-s ascda, moxvda benzinis

cisternas, romelic afeTqda da b. daiwva. miuxedavad imisa, rom pirma Secdoma

dauSva mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebaSi, mas obieqturad Seeracxeba Sedegi

da pasuxs agebs damTavrebuli ganzraxi mkvlelobisaTvis, radgan ar momxdara

arsebiTi gadaxra mizezobrivi kavSiris jaWvis ganviTarebaSi 84.

bevri sakiTxi, romelic warmodgenili TvalsazrisiT ganxilul iqna qmedebis

obieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze, rogorc e.w. obieqturi Seracxvis problema, adre

ganixileboda subieqtur sferoSi, rogorc Secdoma mizezobrivi kavSiris

ganviTarebaSi. obieqturi Seracxvis kategoria, romelic Semoaqvs professor

merab turavas vfiqrob, bevr problemas sistemurad ukeTesad asabuTebs.

magaliTad, Tu a-m b daniT daWra, ris Semdegac igi saswrafo samedicino

daxmarebis manqanis avtoavariis Sedegad gzaSi gardaicvala, miuxedavad

mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobisa, misi atipiurobis gamo, sasikvdilo Sedegi a-s

obieqturad ar Seeracxeba. obieqturi Seracxvis kategoriis uaryofis SemTxvevaSi

damTavrebuli danaSaulisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis gadawyveta unda

moxdes sxva gziT, kerZod, imis mixedviT, iyo Tu ara dazianeba sasikvdilo da

hqonda Tu ara pirs mokvlis ganzraxva.

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi ganviTarebuli e.w. generaluri ganzraxvis Teoria85

ganixileba swored SecdomasTan mimarTebaSi. aqac adgili aqvs Secdomas

mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebaSi, roca piri fiqrobs, rom Sedegs pirveli

moqmedebiT miaRwia, sinamdvileSi ki, igi dadga meore moqmedebis Sedegad.

magaliTad, a.-s egona, rom mowamvliT mokla b., ris Semdegac saxls waukida


cecxli. eqspertizam daadgina, rom igi sinamdvileSi daixrCo cecxlis wakidebis

Semdeg gaCenili xanZris dros haeris ukmarisobis Sedegad.

es aris e.w. oraqtiani danaSauli, rodesac b.-s mkvlelobis ganzraxva e.w.

generaluri ganzraxvis TeoriiT meore aqtis damTavrebamde generalurad

agrZelebs moqmedebas. maSasadame, generaluri ganzraxvis TeoriiT, a.

daisjeba b.-s damTavrebuli ganzraxi mkvlelobisaTvis.

iuridiul literaturaSi Camoyalibda meore, gansxvavebuli Sexedulebac,

romelsac bevri mimdevari hyavs. am SexedulebiT, romelic cnobilia e.w.

gancalkevebis TeoriiT, a.-s ganzraxva meore danaSaulebrivi aqtis Cadenis dros

ukve aRar arsebobda, ris gamoc orive moqmedeba unda ganvixiloT cal-calke

gancalkevebulad. saboloo jamSi, piris pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba dadges

ganzraxi mkvlelobis mcdelobisaTvis (pirveli moqmedeba), sicocxlis

gaufrTxileblobiT mospobasTan erTobliobaSi (meore moqmedeba). 86.

zogierTi avtori mxars uWers e.w. erTiani ganzraxvis Teorias, 87, romlis

Tanaxmad, mniSvnelovania is momenti, hqonda Tu ara orive moqmedebis

Cadenis ganzraxva pirs Tavidanve, Tu meore moqmedebis Sesruleba mas

Semdeg gadawyvita, roca pirveli moqmedeba ganaxorciela. orive moqmedebis

erTiani ganzraxviT Sesrulebis dros piri pasuxs agebs damTavrebuli ganzraxi

mkvlelobisaTvis, xolo am moqmedebebis araerTiani ganzraxviT Sesrulebis

SemTxvevaSi, qmedebaTa kvalifikacia xdeba cal-calke – mcdelobisa da

gaufrTxileblobis erTobliobiT.

arsebobs e.w. efeqtis gvian gamowvevis Teoria 88, romlis mixedviTac,

mniSvnelovania, pirveli moqmedeba sasurvel Sedegs gamoiRebda Tu ara,

meore moqmedeba rom ar Sesrulebuliyo, e.i. iyo Tu ara igi Sedegis

gamomwvevi sakmarisi piroba. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dadginda, rom

Sedegi aucileblobiT, Tundac droSi ufro gvian dadgeboda, mTliani situacia

Sefasdeba erTianad, rogorc damTavrebuli ganzraxi danaSauli.


sabolood unda aRiniSnos, rom gabatonebulia Sexeduleba, romlis Tanaxmad,

Secdoma mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebaSi gamoricxavs dasjadobas

damTavrebuli ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca adgili

aqvs arsebiT gadaxras mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebaSi, rac SefasebiTi

kategoriaa da zogadi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan gamomdinareobs.

4.3.15. Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis problemebi common law sistemis mixedviT.

warmodgenil paragrafSi ganxiluli iqneba conditio sine qua non-formulisa da

causation in law-moZRvrebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi. miuxedavad imisa, rom

anglo-amerikuli sistemis mixedviT moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris kavSiris

problematika mizezobriobis farglebSi ganixileba, sagnis bunebidan

gamomdinare, faqtiuri (bunebrivi) kauzaloba pirvel etapze mowmdeba pirobaTa

TeoriiT, xolo meore etapze dgeba normatiuli kriteriumebis gamoyenebis sakiTxi,

romliTac xdeba Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva, maSasadame, pirobaTa Teoria

warmoadgens indikators e.w. samarTlebrivi kauzalobisaTvis. literaturaSi

miTiTebulia adekvaturobis TeoriasTan naTlad gamokveTili msgavsebis Sesaxeb,

romelic, rogorc cnobilia, warmoadgens mizezobriobis gabatonebul Teorias

samoqalaqo samarTalSi da obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb moZRvrebis

winamorbedia. maSasadame, e.w. ,,samarTlebrivi mizezobrioba~ ufro normatiul

Sefasebas warmoadgens, vidre sabunebismetyvelo kanonzomierebas.

samarTlebrivi mizezobriobis Sesaxeb anglo-amerikul moZRvrebas, romelic

Seracxvis normatiul Teorias warmoadgens, bevri saerTo aqvs germanul sisxlis

samarTalSi ganviTarebul obieqturi Seracxvis moZRvrebasTan. samarTlebrivi

mizezobrioba saxezea maSin, Tu piris qmedeba warmoadgens qmedebis

obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis mniSvnelovan pirobas. SesaZlebelia

problemis iseTi interpretacia, rom aseTi piroba warmoadgens e.w.

relevanturobis TeoriisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli samarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani

pirobebis analogs. Tavisi Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, aseve SesaZlebelia misi


interpretacia germanulenovan sisxlis samarTalSi ganviTarebuli e.w.

samarTlebrivad dasaZraxi safrTxis (riskis) Seqmnis an safrTxis realizaciis Teoriis

mixedviT, romelic terminologiurad sxvadasxva avtorebTan gansxvavebuli

sityvebiT aris gamoxatuli. maSasadame, SesaZlebelia e.w. ,,samarTlebrivi

kauzalobis~ Teoria ganxilul iqnes, rogorc germanul sisxlis samarTalSi

gabatonebuli e.w. obieqturi Seracxvis moZRvrebis analogi. Tumca, sakiTxisadmi

aseTi midgoma da paralelebi dogmaturad srulyofilad ar aris damuSavebuli.

anglo-amerikul sasamarTlo praqtikasa da literaturaSi arsebobs magaliTebi,

romlebic SesaZleblobas iZlevian, anglo-amerikul e.w. mniSvnelovani mizezisa

(significant cause) da germanul e.w. obieqturi Seracxvis Teorias (die Lehre von der

objektiven Zurechnung) Soris paralelebi iqnes gavlebuli.

erT-erTi cnobili inglisuri saqmis (White) mixedviT, Svili dedas daalevinebs

mokvlis ganzraxviT sawamlavs. sanam sawamlavi imoqmedebda, dedis sikvdili

dadgeba gulis SeteviT, romelic araviTar kavSirSi ar aris sawamlavis

miRebasTan. igi daisaja ganzrax mkvlelobis mcdelobisaTvis, radgan ar

arsebobda araviTari mniSvnelovani piroba (substantial cause), romelmac Sedegi

gamoiwvia, ris gamoc ar arsebobs e.w. samarTlebrivi mizezobrioba (causation in

law). saboloo Sedegi, marTalia, samarTlebrivad sworia, magram, rogorc

germanuli, ise qarTuli gagebiT, ar arsebobs TviT mizezobrioba contitio sine qua non-

formulis mixedviT (e.w. gawyvetili mizezobrioba). 89 SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Svilis

moqmedeba warmoadgens ara irelevanturs, aramed misi moqmedeba saerTod

ar aris mizezobriv kavSirSi dedis sasikvdilo SedegTan.

Semdegi magaliTi, romlis drosac inglisuri sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT

kauzalobis mniSvnelovani piroba (significant cause) ar aris saxeze, Semdegia:

eqimi cecxlsasroli iaraRiT daWrili pacientisagan samedicino TvalsazrisiT

nebadarTuli moqmedebis farglebSi sisxls aiRebs, romelic mis sikvdils odnav

daaCqarebs. sakiTxs germanuli an aq warmodgenili qarTuli kategoriebiT Tu


mivudgebiT, aseT SemTxvevaSi pirs ar Seeracxeba obieqturad damdgari Sedegi,

radgan mas pacientis sicocxlisaTvis ar Seuqmnia samarTlebrivad dasaZraxi

safrTxe an, sxva adreuli TvalsazrisiT, eqimis moqmedeba CaiTvleba

marTlzomierad

Zalze Znelia mniSvnelovani da umniSvnelo mizezis urTierTgamijvna

Tanamizezobriobis dros, roca piris mier Seqmnili piroba Sedegis gamomwvevi

iyo. inglisur samarTalSi am siZnelis maCvenebeli erT-erTi saqmea Hennigan–is

SemTxveva. germanuli dogmatikis kategoriebiT Tu mivudgebiT,

Tanamizezobriobis dros ar xdeba mniSvnelovani-umniSvnelo mizezis dadgena,

aramed Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva gamoiricxeba mxolod Zalze atipiuri

mizezobriobis dros.

aseve inglisurenovan literaturaSic aris ganxiluli normis dacvis miznis Teoria

(causal salience), romelic Cvens mier germanuli sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis

mixedviT obieqturi Seracxvis moZRvrebis farglebSi iqna warmodgenili. erT-erTi

klasikuri SemTxvevis mixedviT, mZRolma, romelmac daarRvia moZraobis

usafrTxoebis wesebi, rac gamoixata gadaWarbebuli siCqariT moZraobaSi, Cqara

gaiara gza SemTxvevis adgilamde da avtoavariis momentSi windaxedulobis

normis darRvevis gareSe gamoiwvia samarTliT daculi sikeTis dazianeba, romelic

misTvis Tavidan aucilebadi aRmoCnda. am SemTxvevaSic ar arsebobs e.w.

samarTlebrivi mizezobrioba. amiT e.w. samarTlebrivi mizezobrioba moicavs im

SemTxvevasac, romelic germanuli sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis mixedviT

gamoricxavs Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis SesaZleblobas ,,normis dacvis miznis

Teoriis~ mixedviT

analogiur SemTxvevas vxvdebiT sxva avtorebTanac: bavSvs iaraRis

daudevrad Senaxvis gamo SesaZlebloba mieca aeRo igi da eTamaSa, ra drosac

xelidan gauvarda da fexze daeca, ramac gamoiwvia sxeulis dazianeba. aqac

uaryofil iqna samarTlebrivi mizezobrioba iaraRis daudevrad Semnaxavi piris


mier windaxedulobis normis darRvevasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris. dasabuTeba

moxda safrTxis realizaciis mixedviT: Tu bavSvis xelSi daudevrobiT aRmoCndeba

iaraRi da igi mas fexze daecema, fexis dazianeba ar SeiZleba iyos is riski, ris

gamoc akrZalulia, rom bavSvs ar SeiZleba misce datenili iaraRi.

anglo-amerikuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT, aseve mniSvnelovania mizezTa

samarTlebrivi urTierTkavSiris Teoria, romlis mixedviTac, windaxedulobis normis

Sesabamisi alternatiuli moqmedebis drosac Sedegis Tavidan acileba SeuZlebeli

iqneboda. erT-erT SemTxvevaSiDalloway–s saqmeze dadginda, rom erT-erTi piri,

romlis satransporto saSualebas gacveTili saburavebi hqonda, daejaxa bavSvs.

utyuarad ver dadginda, rom iqneboda Tu ara es avtoavaria Tavidan acilebuli,

rom saburavebi wesrigSi yofiliyo. amis gamo mZRoli gamarTlda. es SemTxveva

Seesabameba struqturulad zustad im SemTxvevas, romelic germanul

sasamarTlo praqtikaSi cnobilia e.w. ,,velosipedistis SemTxvevis~ saxelwodebiT.

Common law-sa da germaniis uzenaesi sasamarTlos sasamarTlo praqtika Sedegis

mixedviT am SemTxvevaSic ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.

Common law sistemis mixedviT, Sedegis obieqturi SeracxvisaTvis SesaZlebelia,

arsebobdes Sedegis ramdenime piroba. Tanamizezobriobis SemTxvevaSi

analogiurad SeiZleba gadawydes problema germanuli da qarTuli samarTlis

mixedviTac. anglo-amerikuli sistemis mixedviTac, aseT SemTxvevaSi

SesaZlebelia e.w. paraleluri amsrulebloba. Tu piris mier gasrolili tyvia meore pirs

miayenebs sasikvdilo dazianebas, romelic saavadmyofoSi mkurnali eqimis

daudevrobis Sedegad mokvdeba, aseT SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia, dadges

rogorc ganzraxi danaSaulis Camdenis, aseve eqimis sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgebloba.

alternatiuli mizezobriobis SemTxvevebi Sedegis TvalsazrisiT igivea, rogorc

germanul da qarTul samarTalSi. problemis gadawyvetis gza ki, Common law-s

mixedviT sxvanairia: am SemTxvevaSi, gansxvavebiT germanuli sisxlis


samarTlis gabatonebuli Sexedulebisagan, conditio sine qua non-formulis

modificireba ar xdeba. am SemTxvevaSi gadamwyvetia samarTlebrivi da ara

wminda naturalisturi mizezobrioba: moraluri da samarTlebrivi perspeqtividan

(moral and legal perspective) SeuZleblad miiCneva sxvagvari daskvnis gakeTeba.

anglo-amerikuli sisxlis samarTlisaTvis cnobilia SemTxvevebi, rodesac

mizezobriobis ganviTarebis procesSi movlenaTa ganviTarebaSi SeiZleba CaerTos

iseTi garemoeba, romelic TviT damnaSavisagan ar momdinareobs (intervening

causes). am SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs obieqturi Seracxvis gawyvetas. germanuli

sisxlis samarTlis analogiurad, arsebobs araerTi SemTxveva, ra drosac

sxvadasxva normatiuli argumentaciiT Sedegis Seracxva gamoiricxeba.

literaturaSi gamoyofen sam ZiriTad jgufs, romlebic erTmaneTisagan

gansxvavdebian aseT garemoebaTa wyaros mixedviT. igi SeiZleba

momdinareobdes: 1) bunebis movlenebisgan; 2) mesame pirisagan an 3)

msxverplis moqmedebisagan.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom anglo-amerikul sisxlis samarTalSi ganviTarebuli e.w.

samarTlebrivi kauzalobis kategoria aris normatiuli, romelic, problemis sabolood

gadawyvetis TvalsazrisiT, obieqturi Seracxvis moZRvrebis analogs

warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, im garemoebis gamo, rom am sistemis

mixedviT obieqturi Seracxvis sakiTxi wydeba mizezobriobis farglebSi, problemis

gadaWra ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos damakmayofileblad.

Tavi II. individualuri Seracxvis problema bralis etapze.

1. danaSaulis subieqtis individualuri pasuxismgebloba.

danaSaulis subieqtis sakiTxze qarTul iuridiul literaturaSi Zalian bevri aris

dawerili da naTqvami, danaSaulis subieqti aris is arseba, visac

sisxlissamarTlebivi pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba daekisros. danaSaulis subieqtia

adamiani, ama TuU im arsebis danaSaulis subieqtad aRiareba jer kidev ar

niSnavs, rom is yvela SemTxvevaSi agebs pasuxs, is vinc bralis gareSe


moqmedebs pasuxs ar agebs. danaSaulis subieqtma SeiZleba pasuxi ar agos,

magram sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTloba Caidinos. 90

danaSaulis subieqtma mis mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli

qmedebisaTvis pasuxismgebloba unda agos inividulaurad, mas individualurad

unda SevracxoT mis mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli qmedeba.

Cven gvaqvs sami Tanamedrove principi, imisaTvis, rom adamianma pasuxi agos

sisxlis samarTlis wesiT da daisajos, aucilebelia: 1) Cadenili iyos sisxlis samarTlis

kanoniT aRwerili qmedeba, 2) es qmedeba unda iyos marTlsawinaaRmdego, 3)

qmedeba Cadenili unda iyos adamianis anu moqmedis braliT, am sami niSnis

gareSe ar SeiZleba vilaparakod danaSaulze.91

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-7 muxlis mixedviT, ar SeiZleba sasjelis

dakisreba individualuri bralis dadgenis gareSe (nulla poena sine culpa).92 dRes mTel

civilizebul msoflioSi sisxlis samarTalSi uaryofilia e.w. koleqtiuri bralis principi 93.

2. bralis normatiuli cneba da Teoriebi.

normativizmi bralis fsiqologiuri moZRvrebisagan damoukideblad ar

warmoqmnila, is fsiqologizmis kritikuli gaazrebis uSualo Sedegia, amitom

normativizmi, upirveles yovlisa, fsiqologizmis uaryofaa da es mniSvnelovnad

gansazRvravs am pirveli swavlebis zogad saxesac.94 normatiuli anu SefasebiTi

Teoriis mixedviT, romelic Tanamedrove etapze warmoadgens gabatonebul

moZRvrebas, brali aris mosamarTlis mier piris individualur-samarTlebrivi

gakicxva mis mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebisaTvis, anu brali aris

individis gasakicxaoba (da ara piris fsiqiuri damokidebuleba mis mier Cadenili

qmedebisadmi). e.i. brali mxolod maSin arsebobs, roca mosamarTle daadgens

piris braleulobas.95

winaswar gamoZiebaSi braldebis wayeneba aris mxolod varaudi, rom

braldebuls mosamarTle samarTlebrivad gakicxavs.


bralis princips, kanonierebis principTan erTad, aqvs konstituciuri rangi. igi

gamomdinareobs samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principidan. samarTlianoba da

adamianis Rirsebis dacva moiTxovs, rom piri mxolod maSin daisajos, roca

arsebobs misTvis marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis indiviadulurad Seracxvis

samarTlebrivi safuZveli. bralis konstituciur rangs saqarTvelos konstituciis

mixedviT aRiarebs laSa-giorgi kutalia96.

dRes moqmedi qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT, brali aris

SefasebiTi, normatiuli kategoria (uaryofilia bralis fsiqologiuri Teoria). amas

adasturebs is garemoeba, rom kodeqsis me-9 Tavi eZRvneba bralis

gamomricxvel da Semamsubuqebel garemoebebs. bralis fsiqologiuri TeoriisaTvis

aseTi garemoebebi ar arsebobs.97

sisxlis samarTalSi arsebobs bralis sami ZiriTadi tradiciuli Teoria, romelsac

emateba meoTxe, jer kidev ganviTarebis procesSi myofi bralis funqcionaluri

Teoria.

bralis fsiqologiuri Teoria germanul sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSic

batonobda, vidre es Teoria bralis normatiuli TeoriebiT ar Seicvala, brali sabWour

iuridiul literaturaSi ganixileboda rogorc wminda fsiqologiuri faqtebis kompleqsi

ganzraxvisa da gaufrTxileblobis formiT. wminda fsiqologiuri Teoriis mixedviT,

brali ganmartebulia, rogorc fsiqikuri damokidebuleba qmedebisa da Sedegian

deliqtebSi aseve damdgari Sedegisadmi. dRes es Teoria uaryofilia, radgan

gaufrTxileblobis, gansakuTrebiT daudevrobis, dros aseTi fsiqikuri kavSiri ar

arsebobs da arc SeiZleba arsebobdes.98

normatiul-fsiqologiurma Teoriam bralis cnebaSi Semoitana Sefasebis momenti

da brali gansazRvra, rogorc piris gasakicxi fsiqikuri damokidebuleba qmedebisa

da damdgari Sedegisadmi.99

magaliTad, Tu piri realuri muqariT aiZules, ziani miayenos samarTliT dacul

sikeTes, aseT SemTxvevaSi saxezea misi fsiqikuri damokidebuleba moqmedebisa


da damdgari Sedegisadmi. pirs surda, Seesrulebina qmedebis Semadgenlobis

Sesabamisi qmedeba, raTa gamosuliyo safrTxis mdgomareobidan, magram aseTi

SemTxveva gamoricxavs brals.

am magaliTiT naCvenebia, rom brali ara marto fsiqologiur, aramed aseve

SefasebiT, normatiul elements unda Seicavdes. rozenfelds uTqvams sityvebi:

brali aris ara damnaSavis TavSi, aramed Semfaseblebis, kerZod, mosamarTleebis

TavebSi. 100

am Teoriis mixedviT, fsiqikuri damokidebuleba normatiuli elementebis

(magaliTad, Seracxadoba) gverdiT warmoadgens bralis cnebis mxolod erT-erT

elements da ara mis mTlian Sinaarss. es normatiuli elementebi SeiZleba

erTobliobaSi erTi saerTo niSnis qveS Semdegi saxelwodebiT gaerTiandnen:

sxvagvarad moqmedebis moTxovnis SesaZlebloba (froidentali). Sesabamisad, brali

arsebobs maSin, roca pirs hqonda normis Sesabamisi moqmedebis Sesrulebis

SesaZlebloba.

bralis am kompleqsuri Teoriis erT-erT kritikul punqts warmoadgens is, rom

igi Sefasebis obieqtsa da Sefasebas orives erToblivad bralis cnebis qveS

aerTianebs.

wminda normatiuli Teoria brals ganmartavs rogorc gasakicxaobas. am

Teoriis mixedviT, brali aris wminda SefasebiTi, wminda normatiuli kategoria.

fsiqologiuri elementi, romelic bralis fsiqologiuri cnebis Sinaarss amowuravs,

finalistebis mier gadatanil iqna qmedebis Semadgenlobis etapze, ris Sedegadac

brali, romelic aris ara damnaSavis, aramed sxvis, kerZod, Semfaseblis TavSi

gaxda wminda Sefaseba, xolo ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba, rogorc Sefasebis

obieqtebi, iqcnen qmedebis Semadgenlobis niSnebad 101.

am Teoriis mixedviT, ganzraxva, iseve rogorc gaufrTxilebloba, aris

mosamarTlis mier piris gakicxvis erT-erTi kriteriumi da ara bralis Sinaarsis

amomwuravi kategoria (fsiqologiuri TeoriiT brali aris ganzraxvisa da


gaufrTxileblobis gvareobiTi cneba). ama Tu im qmedebis ganzrax Camdeni ufro

mkacrad ikicxeba, vidre imave qmedebis gaufrTxileblobiT Camdeni. e.i.

ganzraxvis dros bralis xarisxi ufro maRalia, vidre gaufrTxileblobis dros. bralis

xarisxze ki damokidebulia sasjelis simkacre.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi (T. wereTeli, v.

mayaSvili da sxv.) akritikebdnen rogorc finalizmsa da bralis wminda normatiul

Teorias, aseve wminda fsiqologiur Teorias. maT, marTalia, uaryves bralis wminda

fsiqologiuri Teoria da bralis cnebaSi Seitanes negatiuri social-eTikuri (moralur-

politikuri) Sefasebis momenti, magram es ar aris mosamarTlis mier gakeTebuli

Sefaseba. maTi gagebiT, brali aris realuri sinamdvilis gamovlenis forma, romelic

mosamarTlis Sefasebisagan damoukideblad arsebobs. TinaTin wereTeli brals

ganmartavda, rogorc piris fsiqikur kavSirs mis mier Cadenil sazogadoebrivad

saSiS qmedebasTan, romelic zneobisa da marTlwesrigis poziciidan gakicxvasa da

gansjas imsaxurebs102.

3. bralis funqcionaluri cneba.

bralis funqcionaluri cneba mecnieruli kritikis sagans warmoadgens, brals

ganmartavs sasjelis funqciidan gamomdinare. magaliTad, aris mcdeloba, rom

bralis cneba Seicvalos ,,individualuri Seracxvis” kategoriiT.

amave Teoriis warmomadgenelia giunTer iakobsi, romelsac ekuTvnis

moZRvreba e.w. sasjelis pozitiuri generaluri prevenciis Sesaxeb. igi brals sasjelis

prevenciuli miznebidan gamomdinare gansazRvravs: braleuli qceva arsebobs

mxolod maSin, roca sasjeli aucilebelia sayovelTao marTlSegnebis

ganmtkicebisaTvis.

klaus roqsinma ufro gasagebad Camoayaliba Tavisi moZRvreba, roca man

bralis cneba ganavrco ,,sanqciis prevenciuli aucileblobis” elementiT da uwoda

mas: brali da pasuxismgebloba. misi azriT, Cadenili umarTlobisaTvis pirma

SeiZleba pasuxi agos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man, jer erTi, braleulad


imoqmeda da, meore, Tu arsebobs braleuli qcevis dasjadobis prevenciuli

aucilebloba. 103 rogorc aRiniSna, brali aris individualuri da ara koleqtiuri

gasakicxaoba.

4. bralis struqtura

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni piris individualuri brali Seicavs

ramdenime normatiul komponents da igi xuT etapad mowmdeba.

fizikuri piris brali arsebobs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba Caidina Semdegi pirobebis (kumulaciurad)

arsebobisas:

- bralunarianobis (Seracxadobis) mdgomareobaSi;

- marTlwinaaRmdegobis SegnebiT (viwro gagebiT, roca igi ar uSvebs

Secdomas akrZlvaSi);

- ganzraxi (an gaufrTxilebeli) braliT, romelic warmoadgens

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis arsebobas farTo gagebiT;

- bralis gamomricxveli romelime (kanonismieri an zekanonuri) sapatiebeli

garemoebis ararsebobis viTarebaSi.

- amasTan, sadavoa sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, arsebobs Tu ara bralis e.w.

specialuri niSnebi. gabatonebuli SexedulebiT, aseTi ar arsebobs da amitom

qmedebisa da individisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli yvela subieqturi niSani qmedebis

subieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze mowmdeba. Tu gavyvebiT am Sexedulebas, es

niSnebi bralis etapze calke ar unda gamoiyos. am poziciisagan gansxvavebiT,

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi aRiarebs bralisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

personaluri niSnebis arsebobas (ssk-is 25-e muxlis me-5 nawili), ris gamoc

saWiroa bralis struqturaSi am komponentis calke gamoyofa. aseve, arsebobs

Sexeduleba, romelic am niSnebis arsebobas orive – qmedebis subieqturi

Semadgenlobisa da bralis etapze amowmebs.


5. individualuri Seracxvis problemebi bralunarianobis da misi gamomricxveli

garemoebebis dros.

dRes moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis amoqmedebamde saqarTveloSi

ganviTarebuli bralis Sesaxeb fsiqologiuri moZRvreba Seracxadobas fsiqikuri

mdgomareobisa gamo bralis gareT, subieqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebel bralis

aucilebel winapirobad ganixilavda, xolo sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis

asaks miRwevas Seracxadobisagan damoukidebel bralis meore winapirobad

warmoadgenda. dRevandeli qarTuli sisxlis samarTali bralis Sesaxeb normatiuli

moZRvrebiT Seracxadoba-Seuracxaobis problemas, rogorc bralunarianobis

ganmsazRvrel garemoebas, TviT bralis etapze ganixilavs.

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Cadena damokidebuli ar aris piris

bralunarianobaze. maSasadame, misi Cadena SeuZlia suliT avadmyofsac. sisxlis

samarTalSi piris qmedunarianoba myarad aris gamijnuli misi

bralunarianobisagan. qmedunarianobis dros dgindeba piris unari, SeuZlia Tu ara

ganaxorcielos sxeulebrivi gadaadgileba garesamyaroSi. suliT avadmyofsa da

bavSvsac SeuZlia, iyos qmedunariani, Tu mas Tavis nebelobiT SeuZlia

warmarTos sakuTari sxeulebrivi moZraoba. bralunarianobis dros ki, wydeba

sakiTxi, iyo Tu ara piri normis vargisi adresati, romelsac aqvs nebis Tavisufleba

da Tavis nebaze batonobis unari, romelsac emyareba personaluri gasakicxaoba.

bralunarianobas gansazRvravs piris Seracxadoba, xolo bralis gamomricxveli

garemoebebia: Seuracxaoba, kerZod, asakis gamo (ssk-is muxli 33-e), fsiqikuri

daavadebis gamo (ssk-is 34-e muxli), samarTlebrivi Secdoma (ssk-is 36-e muxli),

moqmedeba boroti ganzraxvisa da, roca qmedebis gaufrTxileblobiT Cadena

dasjadia, individualuri gaufrTxileblobis gareSe (ssk-is 36-e muxlis analogiiT),

brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesruleba (ssk-is 37-e muxli). ssk-is 38-e muxlSi

mocemulia bralis gamomricxveli sapatiebeli zekanonuri garemoebebi. SezRuduli


Seracxadoba ki, warmoadgens ara bralis gamomricxvel, aramed mis

Semamsubuqebel garemoebas (ssk-is 35-e muxli).

6. individualuri Seracxvis problema sisxlis samarTalSi.

brali aris mosamarTlis mier piris individualur-samarTlebrivi gakicxva mis mier

Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebisaTvis, anu brali aris individis

gasakicxaoba, rodesac piri anu moqmedi Caidens raime qmedebas es qmedeba

unda iyos Semdegi pirobebis matarebeli: sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT aRwerili

qmedeba, qmedeba unda iyos marTlsawinaaRmdego, qmedeba Cadenili unda

iyos adamianis anu moqmedis braliT, am sami niSnis gareSe ar SeiZleba

vilaparakod danaSaulze. rodesac pirs danaSaulis es sami niSani daumtkicdeba

mas mis mier Cadenili qmedeba individualurad unda SevracxoT Tu mis

qmedebaSi ara iqneba pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxveli romelime garemoeba,

romelsac ganvixilav am garemoebebs qveviT.

6.1 Seuracxaoba.

Seuracxaobis cnebis sabWouri gageba postsabWour iuridiul literaturaSic

agrZelebs Tavis arsebobs, pirebi, romlebsac ar esmiT Tavisi moqmedebis

faqtobrivi mxare an misi socialuri mniSvneloba, ar SeiZleba iyvnen danaSaulis

subieqtebi. 104 Tanamedrove sisxlis samarTalSi sami monaTesave cneba

gamoiyeneba. esenia: Seracxva, Seracxvaunarianoba (Seracxadoba) da

Seracxvauunaroba (Seuracxaoba). Seracxva procesia, moqmedebaa, roca

sasamarTlo mavansa da mavans Tavis marTlsawinaaRmdego namoqmedars, ese

igi sisxlis samarTlebriv umarTlobas bralad Seracxavs da pasuxismgeblobas

daakisrebs, xolo Seracxvaunarianoba da Seracxvauunaroba adamianis

mdgomareobaa.105

dRes moqmedi qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis siaxle, romelic mas

ganasxvavebs winamorbedi kodeqsisagan, gaxlavT is, rom masSi Seuracxaoba

mocemulia gvareobiTi cnebis saxiT. kerZod, ssk-is 33-e da 34-e muxlebidan


gamomdinare, igi Tavis TavSi moicavs or SemTxvevas: Seuracxaobas asakis

gamo da Seuracxaobas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gamo. pirveli maTganis

mixedviT, Seuracxaoba dgindeba pozitiur-samarTlebrivad, xolo meoreTi -

samedicino-fsiqologiur monacemebze dayrdnobiT.

ssk-is 33-e da 34-e muxlebSi Seuracxaoba gansazRvrulia negatiurad.

magaliTad, 33-e muxlis Tanaxmad, marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba ar

Seeracxeba bralad imas, visac am qmedebis Cadenamde ar Sesrulebia ToTxmeti

weli. SesaZlebelia igive Sinaarsis pozitiurad formulireba, kerZod,

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba Seeracxeba bralad imas, visac am qmedebis

Cadenamde Seusrulda ToTxmeti weli.

Seuracxaobis sakiTxis gadawyvetis dros mniSvnelovania piris mdgomareoba

qmedebis Cadenis dros, xolo mis fsiqikur mdgomareobas Sedegis dadgomis dros

Seuracxaobis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad mniSvneloba ara aqvs. amis Sesaxeb

Seuracxaobis gansazRvrisas (ssk-is 33-e da 34-e muxlebi) miTiTebulia TviT

kodeqsSi.

qarTuli kodeqsis mixedviT, Tavis mxriv, Seuracxaoba dgindeba or: inteleqtualur

da emocionalur momentze dayrdnobiT. kanonmdebeli mniSvnelobas aniWebs im

moments, rom piri Seuracxadia ara marto maSin, roca igi marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedebis Cadenis dros inteleqtualurad sworad ar iyo Camoyalibebuli, kerZod,

fsiqikuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, ar SeeZlo gaecnobierebina Tavisi

qmedebis faqtobrivi xasiaTi an marTlwinaaRmdegoba, aramed maSinac, roca ar

SeeZlo exelmZRvanela misTvis. arsebobs iseTi fsiqikuri daavadebebi, romlebic

avadmyofis inteleqts ar xelyofen, magram piris unars, imoqmedos inteleqtis

Sesabamisad, srulad arRveven. amis gamo, dRes Seuracxaobis sakiTxis

gadawyvetis dros yuradRebas aqceven orive moments, rogorc inteleqtualurs,

aseve emocionalurs (anu voluntatiurs). Tu am oridan piris erTi unari mainc iqna

darRveuli, aseT SemTxvevaSi mas qmedeba individualurad ar Seeracxeba.


6.2 Seuracxaoba asakis gamo.

ssk-is 33-e muxlis Tanaxmad, 14 wlis asakamde pirs bralad ar Seeracxeba mis

mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba.106 e.i. dRes moqmedi kodeqsiT,

piri bralunariani xdeba 14 wlis asakidan da, Sesabamisad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgebloba nebismieri danaSaulisaTvis, rogorc wesi, dgeba am droidan.

am wesidan kanonmdebelma gamonaklisi daadgina 2007 wlis 23 maisis

saqarTvelos kanoniT, romelic jer ar amoqmedebula. am axali kanoniT cvlileba

Sevida ssk-is 33-e muxlSi da zogierTi danaSaulisaTvis Semcirdeba

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis asaki 12 wlamde. aseT qmedebaTa

CamonaTvali mocemulia TviT 33-e muxlSi. kerZod, esenia: 108-e (ganzrax

mkvleloba), 109-e (ganzrax mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebaSi), 117-e

(janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba), 137-e (gaupatiureba), 178-e (Zarcva,

garda pirveli nawilisa), 179-e (yaCaRoba) da 2381 (21 wlis asaks miuRweveli an

nasamarTlobis mqone an/da narkotikebis moxmarebisaTvis

administraciulsaxdeldadebuli piris mier civi iaraRis tareba) muxlebi.

saqarTveloSi Seracxadobis asakis aseTi Semcireba uaryofiTi movlenaa da

iwvevs kritikas. Tu gadavxedavT ucxoeTis kanonmdeblobas e.w. ,,iuvenaluri

iusticiis” sferoSi, vnaxavT, rom sazRvargareTis zogierT qveyanaSi

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis asaki ufro dabalia da igi 7-8 wlis

asakidanac ki iwyeba (Sdr. arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis administracia

(saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba da saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi),

gamocemulia gaeros bavSvTa fondis (UNICEF) mier, 2004, gv. 7-28 da 196),

magram gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom saqarTvelosagan gansxvavebiT

am qveynebSi arsebobs ,,iuvenaluri iusticiis” kargad ganviTarebuli sistema.

miuxedavad pasuxismgeblobis dabali asakisa, umetes SemTxvevaSi


e.w. ,,bavSvTa saqmeebis mosmenis” progresuli sistema 17 wlamde bavSvebs

saSualebas aZlevs, Tavi aaridon marTlmsajulebis formalur sistemasTan kontaqts.

,,bavSvTa saqmeebis mosmenis” sistemis mizania, arasrulwlovanTa mimarT

upiratesad iseTi zomebis gamoyeneba, rac ar aris dakavSirebuli Tavisuflebis

aRkveTasTan. aseve, sxva srulwlovanebTan SedarebiT specialuri prevenciuli

wesebia dadgenili 21 wlamde danaSaulis Camdeni mozardebis mimarT.

magaliTad, germaniaSi, iseve rogorc saqarTveloSi, bavSvi iTvleba

braluunarod 14 wlis asakamde 14-dan 17 wlis CaTvliT arasrulwlovani ki,

arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb specialuri kanonis mixedviT, SeiZleba

iyos arabralunariani zneobrivi an sulieri moumwifeblobisa gamo.

dRes moqmedi qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT (ssk-is me-80 muxli), piri

arasrulwlovania, Tu man danaSauli Caidina 14-dan 18 wlamde asakSi.

arasrulwovani piri, rogorc wesi, aris Seracxadi. calkeul SemTxvevebSi unda

Semowmdes misi SezRuduli Seracxadobis mdgomareoba, romelic

srulwlovnisagan gansxvavebiT arasrulwlovnisaTvis SeiZleba gaxdes

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebis safuZveli (ssk-is 35-e

muxlis me-3 nawili). SezRuduli Seracxadoba - es is SemTxvevaa, roca

arasrulwlovans ar SeuZlia srulad gaacnobieros Tavisi qmedebis faqtobrivi xasiaTi

an marTlwinaaRmdegoba, anda uxelmZRvanelos mas.107

aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba visaubroT arasrulwlovnis e.w. SezRudul

bralunarianobaze, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis SesaZlebel gamomricxvel

garemoebaze (ssk-is 35-e muxlis me-3 nawili). 108

im arasrulwlovnis mimarT, romelmac pirvelad Caidina naklebad mZime

danaSauli, sasjelis nacvlad, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes aRmzrdelobiTi

zemoqmedebis iZulebiTi RonisZieba (ssk-is 90-e-97-e muxlebi).


qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT, 14 wlamde piri ar SeiZleba daisajos im

SemTxvevaSic ki, roca misi fsiqikuri ganviTarebis done realurad 15 an meti wlis

asakisas Seesabameba.

sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom, miuxedavad imisa, rom

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Cadenis dros asakobrivi moumwifebloba, iseve,

rogorc fsiqikuri daavadeba, Seuracxaobis ganmsazRvreli garemoebaa, romelic

brals gamoricxavs, bavSvis, (iseve, rogorc qmedebis Cadenis dros fsiqikurad

davadebulis), mimarT, ganxorcielebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna sasamarTloSi

ar mTavrdeba gamamarTlebeli ganaCeniT, Tu es garemoeba sasamarTlo

ganxilvis dros gamovlinda (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 504-

e muxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi gamarTleba bavSvis mier arasworad iqneboda

gagebuli, rogorc mis mier Cadenili qmedebis mowoneba. amitom, literaturaSi

miuTiTeben bavSvis asakis ,,ormag bunebaze”, romelsac materialur da

saproceso samarTalSi gansxvavebuli Sedegebi mohyveba rac Seexeba winaswari

gamoZiebis etaps, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ar unda daiwyos, xolo dawyebuli

unda Sewydes, Tu pirs ar miuRwevia im asakisaTvis, romlidanac dgeba

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba.

6.3. Seuracxaoba fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo

ssk-is 34-e muxlis Tanaxmad, marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camden

fsiqikurad daavadebul pirs, visac am qmedebis Cadenis dros ar SeeZlo

gaecnobierebina Tavisi qmedebis faqtobrivi xasiaTi an marTlwinaaRmdegobis

Sinaarsi, anda SeeZlo gaecnobierebina, magram ar hqonda sxvagvarad

moqmedebis unari, ar Seeracxeba bralad mis mier Cadenili

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba.

Seuracxaobis mizezi SeiZleba iyos: qronikuli fsiqikuri avadmyofoba, fsiqikuri

mdgomareobis droebiTi moSliloba, Wkuasustoba an sxva fsiqikuri daavadeba.


kanoni fsiqikur Seuracxaobas ukavSirebs or winapirobas: Tavdapirvelad,

empiriulad unda dadgindes, rom saxezea fsiqikuri avadmyofobis momenti

(Seuracxaobis biologiur-fsiqologiuri komponenti). amis Semdeg samarTlebriv-

SefasebiTi meTodiT unda dadgindes, rom pirs Tavisi fsiqikuri mdgomareobis

gamo ar hqonda sxvagvarad moqmedebis unari (Seuracxaobis fsiqologiur-

normatiuli komponenti).

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Cadenis dros Seuracxad mdgomareobaSi

myofi piris mimarT ar gamoiyeneba sasjeli, radgan misi qmedeba ar aris braleuli.

bralis gareSe ki ar arsebobs sasjeli. 2007 wlis 3 ivlisis saqarTvelos kanonis

amoqmedebamde arsebobda sasamarTlos mier gamosayenebel sanqciaTa

orkvaliani sistema: sasjeli danaSaulisaTvis, xolo samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi

RonisZieba fsiqikurad daavadebuli piris mier marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis

CadenisaTvis.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsic agebuli iyo sanqciaTa orkvalian

sistemaze, vidre ar amoqmedda 2007 wlis 3 ivlisis kanoni. aRniSnuli cvlilebiT,

gauqmebul iqna aseTi orkvaliani sistema, ris Sedegadac sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsidan amoRebul iqna socialuri dacvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi samedicino

xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebebi. am mizniT, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsidan

mTlianad iqna amoRebuli me-18 Tavi (,,samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi

RonisZieba”), iseve rogorc misi gamoyenebis wesi, romelic mocemuli iyo sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi (64-e Tavi). marTalia, fsiqikurad daavadebuli

pirebis mier marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi maT mimarT

kvlavac iqneba gamoyenebuli samedicino xasiaTis socialuri dacvis iZulebiTi

RonisZiebebi, magram ara sisxlis samarTlis procesis farglebSi.

ssk-is 34-e muxli uTiTebs fsiqikuri mdgomareobiT ganpirobebul Seuracxaobis

gamomwvev oTx faqtors: qronikuli fsiqikuri avadmyofoba, fsiqikis droebiTi

aSliloba, Wkuasustoba an sxva fsiqikuri daavadeba.


am faqtorebSi moiazreben aseve fsiqikis iseT gadaRlas, simTvrales, afeqts an

sxva iseT mdgomareobas, romelic ganapirobebs fsiqikis iseT Seryevas, romelic

eqspertizis daskvniT fasdeba Seuracxad mdgomareobad. es garemoebebi

SeiZleba erT SemTxvevaSi warmoadgendnen bralis gamomricxveli Seuracxaobis,

xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi - bralis Semamsubuqebel SezRuduli Seracxadobis

mdgomareobas. magaliTad, paTologiuri afeqti iwvevs Seuracxaobas da

gamoricxavs brals, xolo fiziologiuri afeqti warmoadgens SezRuduli Seracxadobis

mdgomareobas da amcirebs bralis xarisxs.

6.4 SezRuduli Seracxadoba

ssk-is 35-e muxlis mixedviT, SezRuduli Seracxadoba aris pasuxismgeblobis

Semamsubuqebeli da ara misi gamomricxveli garemoeba.

SezRuduli Seracxadoba gvaqvs im SemTxvevaSi, roca pirs fsiqiuri daavadebis

gamo ar SeeZlo, srulad gaecnobierebina da ekontrolebina Tavisi qmedebis

faqtobrivi mxare an marTlsawinaaRmdego xasiaTi.

SezRuduli Seracxadobisas srulwlovani pasuxismgeb-lobisagan ar Tavisufldeba,

xolo misi mdgomareoba gaiTvaliswineba mxolod danaSaulis kvalifikaciisas an

sasjelis daniSvnisas, xolo arasrulwlovani SeiZleba gaTavisufldes

pasuxismgeblobisagan.

amrigad, sisxlis samarTlis kanoni sasamarTlos avaldebulebs SezRuduli

Seracxadoba gaiTvaliswinos sasjelis daniSvnis dros, e.i. moqmedebs e.w. sasjelis

savaldebulo Semcirebis principi da ara e.w. sasjelis SesaZlo Semcirebis principi,

arasrulwlovnis mimarT ki, dadgenilia sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan

gaTavisuflebis SesaZlebloba, e.i. moqmedebs e.w. pasuxismgeblobis SesaZlo

gamoricxvis principi.

6.5 Actio libera in causa.


rogorc wesi, aucilebelia, marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Cadenis momentSi

misi Camdeni piri imyofebodes Seracxad mdgomareobaSi, rom qmedeba

CaiTvalos braleulad, maSasadame danaSaulad (ssk-is 34-e muxlis 1-li nawili).

simTvraleSi Cadenili danaSaulebisaTvis Camoyalibda sisxlis samarTlis

dogmatika da sasamarTlo praqtika: ,,Actio libera in causa sed non libera in actu”

(,,qmedeba, romelic mxolod Tavis sawyisSi, magram ara misi ganxorcielebis dros

aris Tavisufali”). igi asabuTebs bralunarianobas im gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi,

roca piri simTvralis gamo qmedebis Cadenis dros, marTalia, imyofeba Seuracxad

mdgomareobaSi, magram misi winare Seracxadi mdgomareoba, ra drosac man

Tavi Caiyena Seuracxaobis viTarebaSi, ganapirobebs mis braleulad miCnevas.

magaliTad, vinc Segnebulad Tavs Caiyenebs simTvralis mdgomareobaSi, rac

ganapirobebs mis Seuracxaobas, raTa am mdgomareobaSi Caidinos mezoblis

mkvleloba, Cadis ganzrax braleul qmedebas – mkvlelobas. dasjadobisaTvis ar

aris xelisSemSleli is garemoeba, rom igi qmedebis Cadenis dros Seuracxadi,

maSasadame, arabralunariani iyo. pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTeba xdeba imiT,

rom man simTvralis mdgomareobamde, ris gamoc igi gaxda Seuracxadi,

braleulad misi mezoblis sikvdilisaTvis Seqmna piroba, romelic mizezobriv

kavSirSia damdgar SedegTan (ganzraxi actio libera in causa).

aseve, vinc restoranSi daTvreba, roca mas misi adreuli gamocdilebiT SeuZlia

gaiTvaliswinos, rom simTvraleSi iCxubebs da adamians moklavs an daazianebs,

dalevis procesSi gaufrTxileblobiT qmnis pirobas mogvianebiT a.-s mimarT

miyenebuli sicocxlis mospobis an janmrTelobis mZime dazianebisaTvis

(gaufrTxilebeli actio libera in causa).

maSasadame, sisxlissamarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, braleulad moqmedebs is piri,

romelmac, marTalia, Seuracxad mdgomareobaSi Caidina marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedeba, magram mis winare Seracxad mdgomareobaSi ganzrax an


gaufrTxileblobiT Seqmna piroba, romelmac marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi

gamoiwvia.

simTvralis problemasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs Seracxadobis

dasabuTebisadmi ori ZiriTadi midgoma:

bralunarianobis sagamonakliso Teoria, romlis mixedviTac, rogorc gamonaklisi,

brali da qmedeba SeiZleba erTdroulad ar iyos warmodgenili. es wesi unda

CaiTvalos CveulebiTi samarTlis dauwerel normad, romelic, rogorc Seracxadobis

dasabuTebis sagamonakliso SemTxveva, samosamarTleo samarTalSic unda

iqnes aRiarebuli.

sakiTxisadmi aseTi midgoma ewinaaRmdegeba sisxlis samarTlis sagarantio

funqcias da warmoadgens normis contra legem (ssk-is 34-e muxlis 1-li nawilis

sityvasityviTi mniSvnelobis sawinaaRmdego) interpretacias braldebulis

(gansasjelis) sazianod, ris gamoc ar imsaxurebs mxardaWeras. piris sazianod

normis sawinaaRmdego aseTi interpretacia xelyofs kanonierebis princips.

bralunarianobis winare etapze gadatanis Teoria, romlis mixedviTac, piri,

romelic simTvralis mdgomareobaSi iyenebs Tavs, qmedebas, romelic mizezobriv

kavSirSia SedegTan, nawilobriv ukve axorcielebs Seracxadobis mdgomareobaSi.

maSasadame, mizezobrivi kavSiris moqmedebaSi moyvana xdeba jer kidev

Seracxad mdgomareobaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom uSualod qmedebis

SemadgenlobiT gaTvaliswinebul qmedebas piri Seuracxaobis mdgomareobis

dadgomis Semdeg axorcielebs. sisxlissamarTlebrivi dasjadobis dasabuTeba

efuZneba im aqts, romliTac pirma Tavi Caiyena defeqtis mdgomareobaSi, raTa

Seuracxaobis mdgomareobaSi danaSauli Caedina. piris actio praecedens (defeqtis

mdgomareobis Seqmna) warmoadgens mcdelobis stadias. zogierTi am situacias

miiCnevs e.w. SualobiT amsruleblobad im dasabuTebiT, rom piri sakuTar Tavs

aqcevs braluunaro mdgomareobaSi myof iaraRad. gaufrTxileblobis dros

windaxedulobis normiT akrZaluli qmedebis Cadena gamoixateba simTvralis


mdgomareobaSi Tavis CayenebaSi, romelic mizezobriv kavSirSia damdgar

SedegTan, romelic pirs obieqturad Seeracxeba.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT, piris bralunarianoba simTvraliT gamowveuli

Seuracxaobis mdgomareobaSi Semadgenlobis Sesabamisi qmedebis

ganxorcielebisaTvis, vfiqrob, unda dasabuTdes swored am Teoriis mixedviT.

7. individualuri Seracxvis dros bralis gamomricxveli sapatiebeli garemoebebi.

bralunarianobis gamomricxveli garemoebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlis drosac

Seuracxaobis gamo piris braleuli gakicxva saerTod ar xdeba, bralis

gamomricxveli sapatiebeli garemoebani warmoadgenen iseT mdgomareobas,

romlis drosac pirs, gansakuTrebuli individualuri mdgomareobis gamo, ra

viTarebaSic mis mier Cadenili iqna esa Tu is marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba,

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianeba an ganadgureba mxolod epatieba (mieteveba).

amdenad, bralis gamomricxvel garemoebebSi unda ganvasxvavoT:

bralunarianobis gamomricxveli da bralis gamomricxveli sapatiebeli garemoebani.

Tu romeli garemoeba miekuTvneba TiToeul maTgans.

bralis gamomricxveli sapatiebeli garemoebani SeiZleba iyos dawerili

(Secdoma akrZalvaSi, anu marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis ararseboba viwro

gagebiT, ssk-is 36-e muxli; brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesruleba, ssk-is 37-e

muxli) an dauwereli (Secdoma marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel faqtobriv

garemoebebze, anu marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis ararseboba farTo gagebiT,

ssk-is 36-e muxlis analogiiT; tragikuli kolizia, ssk-is 38-e muxlis zogadi

formulirebis gamoyenebiT).

7.1 Secdoma akrZalvaSi.

akrZalvaSi Secdoma warmoadgens marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis problemas

viwro gagebiT. ssk-is 36-e muxlis mixedviT, samarTlebrivi Secdoma niSnavs

imas, rom pirma Caidina marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba, magram mas ar

hqonda marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba (viwro gagebiT), anu dauSva akrZalvaSi


Secdoma. marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis ararseboba, garkveuli pirobebis

arsebobisas, ganzraxvis an, saerTod, bralis gamomricxveli garemoeba SeiZleba

iyos.

sisxlis samarTlis normebi iyofa or nawilad: klasikuri da damatebiTi sisxlis

samarTlis normebi. pirveli maTgani warmoadgenen iseT klasikur deliqtebs,

rogoricaa: mkvleloba, qurdoba, yaCaRoba da a.S., romelTa Cadena imavdroulad

kulturis normebs ewinaaRmdegeba. normaTa meore jgufi ki, aerTianebs yvela im

danaSaulis Semadgenlobas, romelsac blanketuri Sinaarsi aqvs. am

SemadgenlobebTan mimarTebaSi xSirad saWiroa specialuri codna-ganaTleba,

rom normis SinaarsSi Cawvde. aseTi normebis darRveviT imavdroulad ar irRveva

kulturis normebi. akrZalvaSi Secdoma normaTa swored am meore jgufTan

mimarTebaSi aris samarTlebrivi mniSvnelobis mqone, xolo klasikur deliqtebTan

mimarTebaSi irelevanturia.

Tu pirma ar icis, rom misi qmedeba akrZalulia, e.i. ara aqvs

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba, ar daisjeba mxolod maSin, roca Secdoma

misatevebelia.

Secdoma misatevebelia maSin, Tu pirma ar icoda da arc SeiZleboda scodnoda,

rom sCadioda marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas.

Tu Secdoma ar aris misatevebeli, piri daisjeba gaufrTxileblobisaTvis, Tu mis mier

Cadenili qmedebis gaufrTxileblad Cadena dasjadia.

ssk-is 36-e muxli exeba mxolod samarTlebriv (iuridiul) Secdomas da ara

faqtobriv Secdomas. faqtobrivi Secdomis sakiTxebi ganixileba qmedebis

Semadgenlobis etapze ssk-is me-9 (,,ganzraxi danaSauli”) da me-10

(,,gaufrTxileblobiTi danaSauli”) muxlebis farglebSi.

ganmeorebis mizniT, didaqtikuri TvalsazrisiT, moviyvan Secdomis Sesaxeb

ramdenime kazuss, romelic scildeba ssk-is 36-e muxlis farglebs:


monadires hgonia, rom klavs daTvs, sinamdvileSi sibneleSi tyvia esrola

adamians da mokla – Cadenili qme-deba SeiZleba dakvalificirdes, rogorc sicocxlis

mospoba gaufrTxileblobiT (ssk-is 116-e muxlis 1-li nawili) an, saerTod,

gamoiricxos qmedebis Semadgenloba (ssk-is me-9 da me-10 muxlidan

gamomdinare, faqtobrivi Secdoma).

Secdoma mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebaSi – a.-m Cxubis dros, SurisZiebis

niadagze b.-s esrola tyvia, romelic b.-s ascda, moxvda benzinis cisternas da

afeTqda, ris Sedegadac b. daiwva. miuxedavad imisa, rom pirma Secdoma

dauSva mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebaSi, Cadenilia ganzraxi mkvleloba (ssk-is

108-e muxli), radgan mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebaSi gadaxra umniSvneloa.

Secdoma, romelic gamoixata obieqtis mimarT miznis acdenaSi – a.-m

angarebis motiviT mokvlis ganzraxviT esrola b.-s. tyvia moxvda c.-s. b.-s mimarT

iqneba ganzraxi mkvlelobis mcdeloba angarebiT (ssk-is me-19, 109-e muxlis me-

3 nawilis ,,g” qvepunqti), xolo c.-s mimarT - sicocxlis mospoba gaufrTxileblobiT

(ssk-is 116-e muxlis 1-li nawili).

pirovnebaSi (obieqtSi) Secdoma samarTlebrivad irelevantulia. magaliTad, a.-

s prokurori SeeSala mis ZmaSi, esrola da mokla igi prokuroris samsaxurebriv

saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT, im dros, roca Zma marto ijda manqanaSi. es aris

damTavrebuli ganzraxi mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebaSi (ssk-is 109-e

muxlis 1-li nawilis ,,a” qvepunqti).

yvela es magaliTi exeboda qmedebis Semadgenlobis Secdomebs.

bralis etapze mniSvnelovani, ssk-is 36-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli samarTlebrivi

(iuridiuli) Secdomis magaliTia:

a.-m daarRvia blanketur normaSi mocemuli qcevis wesi, risTvisac dawesebulia

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, Tavi ki imiT imarTla, rom ar icoda

blanketuri normis Sinaarsi. es Secdoma SeiZleba misatevebeli iyos, vinaidan pirs

SeiZleba ar scodnoda savaluto operaciis wesebi, Sromis dacvis wesebi,


samuSaos warmoebis usafrTxoebis wesebi da a.S. swored misatevebeli

Secdomaa bralis gamomricxveli garemoeba, vinaidan mocemul konkretul

SemTxvevaSi pirs ar hqonda da arc SeiZleboda hqonoda marTlwinaaRmdegobis

Segneba.

bralis principze agebuli sisxlis samarTali brmad ar awesebs sisxlissamarTlebriv

pasuxismgeblobas principiT: ,,kanonis arcodna ar aTavisuflebs pirs

pasuxismgeblobisagan”, aramed sasjelis dakisrebis dros marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedebis bralad Seracxvis erT-erT ZiriTad momentad marTlwinaaRmdegobis

Segnebis arsebobis dadgenas miiCnevs.

narkotikul saSualebasa da fsiqotropul nivTierebasTan mimarTebaSi zogjer

mniSvneloba aqvs marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis arsebobis dadgenas,

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi narkotikuli danaSaulisaTvis ganzraxi bralis dadgena

SeuZlebelia, rac gamoricxavs am danaSaulis arsebobas.

magaliTi a., romelic sazRvargareT cxovrobda ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi,

daakaves Tbilisis aeroportSi, vinaidan mas CanTaSi aRmoaCnda fsiqotropuli

nivTiereba, romelic sazRvargareT SeiZina legalurad da ar icoda, rom saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobiT am nivTierebis SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva danaSauls

warmoadgenda. aseT SemTxvevaSi, vinaidan pirs ara aqvs

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba, igi ar unda daisajos narkotikuli danaSaulisaTvis.

mtkicebis tvirTi gadadis braldebis mxareze, xolo braldebulis (gansasjelis) mimarT

moqmedebs yvela eWvis mis sasargeblod gadawyvetis (in dubio pro reo) principi.109

arsebobs akrZalvaSi Secdomis ori saxe: akrZalvaSi pirdapiri Secdoma da

akrZalvaSi arapirdapiri Secdoma.

Cvens mier moyvanili kazusi warmoadgens akrZalvaSi pirdapiri Secdomis

magaliTs. es is SemTxvevebia, roca piri fiqrobs, rom ar arsebobs iseTi norma,

romelic mis qmedebas krZalavs. maSasadame, ara aqvs imis Segneba, rom

Cadis umarTlobas.


akrZalvaSi arapirdapiri Secdomis dros pirma icis, rom Tavisi qmedebiT

axorcielebs sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis qmedebis ama Tu im

Semadgenlobas, magram SecdomiT fiqrobs, rom misi es qmedeba

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli ama Tu im garemoebiT aris gamarTlebuli.

magaliTad, pirs hgonia, rom mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT warmoadgens

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel garemoebas, sinamdvileSi ki, igi

warmoadgens mkvlelobis privilegiuri SemadgenlobiT pasuxismgeblobis

Semamsubuqebel garemoebas (ssk-is 110-e muxli).

akrZalvaSi rogorc pirdapiri, aseve arapirdapiri Secdomis dros gamoiyeneba

ssk-is 36-e muxliT dadgenili wesi.

7.2. moCvenebiTi mogerieba borotiGganzraxva.

ganzraxvis brali warmoadgens marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis problemas

farTo gagebiT.

rogorc qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze aRiniSna, sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis me-9 muxlis mixedviT, ganzraxva aris samkomponentiani. e.i.

ganzraxva aris:

codna (faqtobrivi garemoebebis);

nebeloba (gamoxatuli survilSi, Sedegis dadgomis gardauvalobis Segnebasa an

Segnebulad daSvebaSi);

ganzraxvis brali - marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba farTo gagebiT

(marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebebis faqtobrivi mxaris codna).

bralis etapze swored ganzraxvis es mesame komponentia mniSvnelovani.

ganzraxvas, (iseve rogorc gaufrTxileblobas), aqvs ormagi funqcia: qmedebis

Semadgenlobis etapze ganzraxva dgindeba mxolod pozitiurad, (anu araboroti

ganzraxvis saxiT). es imas niSnavs, rom dgindeba mxolod faqtobrivi

garemoebebisadmi piris damokidebuleba. aseTi ganzraxva arsebobs aucilebeli


mogeriebis drosac, vinaidan am dros pirs aqvs faqtobrivi garemoebebis codna da

Tavdacvis an sxvisi gadarCenis mizniT samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianebis an

ganadgurebis nebeloba. bralis etapze ki, boroti ganzraxvis saxiT dgindeba

ganzraxvis mesame komponenti, anu marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba farTo

gagebiT. es imas niSnavs, rom qmedebis Semadgenlobis araboroti ganzraxva

bralis etapze mxolod maSin iqceva e.w. borot ganzraxvad (dolus malus), roca

pirovnebas sworad aqvs Segnebuli, rom is ar moqmedebs marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxveli erT-erTi garemoebis viTarebaSi. Tu piri Secdomas uSvebs,

magaliTad, aucilebeli mogeriebis viTarebasTan dakavSirebiT da hgonia, rom

masze ganxorcielebuli Tavdasxma aris realuri, sinamdvileSi ki, aseTs adgili ara

aqvs (e.w. moCvenebiTi mogerieba), am SemTxvevaSi bralis etapze ganzraxvis

mesame komponentis gamoricxviT gamoiricxeba e.w. boroti ganzraxva (dolus

malus) da sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi gadawydeba bralis

gamomricxveli e.w. akrZalvaSi samarTlebrivi Secdomis analogiiT, ssk-is 36-e

muxlis safuZvelze.

maSasadame, marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis ararseboba farTo gagebiT,

romelic gamomdinareobs ssk-is me-9 muxlidan da ssk-is 36-e muxlSi mocemuli

wminda samarTlebrivi Secdoma (e.w. akrZalvaSi Secdoma) bralis ori

damoukidebeli problemaa, romlebic mxolod samarTlebrivi Sedegis TvalsazrisiT

arian erTmaneTis msgavsi.

Tu ssk-is me-9 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba farTo

gagebiT ar arsebobs, (e. i. pirs hgonia, rom misi qmedeba marTlzomieria), boroti

ganzraxva gamoiricxeba. Tu marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis ararseboba

Tavidan aucilebadi iyo, an es qmedeba mxolod ganzrax Cadenili isjeba, maSin

arc gaufrTxilebloba gveqneba, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, roca misi Tavidan acileba

SeiZleboda, piri SeiZleba daisajos mxolod gaufrTxileblobisaTvis, Tu am qmedebis

gaufrTxileblobiT Cadena sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT dasjadia.


moCvenebiTi mogeriebis (an marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli sxva

moCvenebiTi garemoebis) viTarebisagan wminda samarTlebrivi Secdomis (e.w.

Secdoma akrZalvaSi) sakiTxi (ssk-is 36-e muxli) gansxvavdeba Sinaarsobrivad

(da ara samarTlebrivi Sedegis TvalsazrisiT).

wminda samarTlebrivi Secdomis dros, Tu pirma ar icis blanketuri normis

Sinaarsi, maSin brali gamoiricxeba, Tu Secdoma Tavidan aucilebadia, anu

misatevebelia. aseTi Secdomis dros ganzraxva yvela variantSi gamoricxulia,

maSinac ki, roca Secdoma Tavidan acilebadi, anu miutevebeli iyo. ar SeiZleba

yvela adamians mosTxovo blanketuri normis Sinaarsis codna, iseve rogorc ar

SeiZleba, dasajo principiT, rom ,,kanonis arcodna ar aTavisuflebs pirs

pasuxismgeblobisagan”.

analogiuri mdgomareobaa marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebis

Sesaxeb Secdomis drosac, Tu pirma ar icoda, rom mis mier Cadenili qmedeba iyo

marTlsawinaaRmdego da dauSva Secdoma marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxveli erT-erTi garemoebis viTarebis arsebobasTan dakavSirebiT.

analogiurad, am SemTxvevaSic, igi saerTod ar daisjeba mxolod maSin, roca

Secdoma misatevebeli, anu Tavidan aucilebadia. es imas niSnavs, rom pirma ar

icoda da arc SeiZleboda scodnoda, rom marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas

sCadioda. misatevebeli, anu Tavidan aucilebadia Secdoma im SemTxvevaSi, roca

dadgindeba, rom inteleqtualuri Tu sxva monacemebiT damnaSavis donis sxva

saSualo adamianic mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi Secdeboda.

magaliTad, moCvenebiTi Tavdasxmis dros a.-m mokla viTom Tavdamsxmeli c.,

romelsac mxolod misi SeSineba undoda. es SemTxveva ar aris aucilebeli

mogeriebis mdgomareoba da arc ganzrax mkvlelobas warmoadgens. aseTi

moCvenebiTi mdgomareoba gaufrTxilebeli danaSauli aris mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxvebi ar Secdebodnen am viTarebaSi, xolo analogiur


situaciaSi, Tu sxvebic Secdebodnen momgerieblis adgilas, maSin Secdoma

misatevebelia, e.i. danaSaulis Cadenas saerTod ara aqvs adgili.

amrigad, ara marto moCvenebiTi mogeriebis, aramed moCvenebiTi

aucileblobisa da marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel sxva analogiur

moCvenebiT SemTxvevebSi Secdoma misatevebelia, Tu Seqmnil viTarebaSi

pirma ar icoda da arc SeiZleboda scodnoda, rom moqmedebda

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebis gareSe. Tu Secdoma

misatevebeli ar aris, maSin Secdenil pirs pasuxismgebloba daekisreba

gaufrTxileblobisaTvis, Tu am qmedebis gaufrTxileblobiT Cadena sisxlis samarTlis

kanoniT dasjadia.

rogorc wesi, e.w. boroti ganzraxvis dadgena bralis etapze ar moiTxovs

gansakuTrebul Semowmebas. qmedebis Semadgenlobis etapze ganzraxvis

arseboba, ZiriTadad, gulisxmobs boroti ganzraxvis arsebobasac. bralis etapze

ganzraxvis specialurad dadgenis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani SemTxvevaa

moCvenebiTi mogerieba (e.w. putatiuri aucilebeli mogerieba).

moCvenebiTi mogeriebisa da sxva analogiuri SemTxvevebisaTvis

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebisaTvis Seiqmna sxvadasxva

Teoriebi. maT Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovania e.w. ganzraxvis Teoria da bralis

Teoria.

ganzraxvis Teoria mniSvnelovania klasikuri da neoklasikuri sistemebisaTvis,

romlebic samkomponentian ganzraxvas mTlianad bralis formad miiCneven.

moCvenebiTi mogerieba, romelic warmoadgens Secdomas

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebis faqtobriv mxareze,

gamoricxavs ganzraxvas, rogorc bralis formas.

mimoxilvaSi warmodgenili danaSaulis sistemisaTvis e.w. ganzraxvis Teoria ar

aris mniSvnelovani, radgan wignSi warmodgenili koncefcia aRiarebs qmedebis

subieqturi Semadgenlobis etapze ganzraxvis ori komponentis arsebobas, xolo


mesames miiCnevs bralis komponentad. amitom moCvenebiT mogeriebas

ganvixilav e.w. bralis Teoriis mixedviT.

Tanmimdevruli bralis Teoria damaxasiaTebelia finaluri sistemisaTvis igi

ganzraxvas miiCnevs qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobis orkomponentian

(codna da nebeloba) niSnad, xolo marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebas ganixilavs,

rogorc bralis damoukidebel elements. es ukanaskneli ki, Tavis TavSi aerTianebs

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebas, rogorc viwro, aseve farTo gagebiT. amis gamo,

rogorc akrZalvaSi samarTlebrivi Secdoma, ise Secdoma marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxveli garemoebis arsebobasTan dakavSirebiT, (magaliTad,

moCvenebiTi mogerieba), erTnairad gamoricxavs marTlwinaaRmdegobis

Segnebas, rogorc bralis niSans.

7.3. brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesruleba.

brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesruleba qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT,

iseve, rogorc saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi, rogorc Teoriuli, aseve praqtikuli

TvalsazrisiT, ar warmoadgens pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxvel damoukidebel

garemoebas, aramed kavSirSia Secdomis institutsa da bralis gamomricxvel

iZulebiT ukidures aucileblobasTan.

saqarTvelos ssk-is 37-e muxlis 1-li nawilis Tanaxmad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgebloba ar daekisreba im samoqalaqo Tu samxedro xelqveiTsa Tu sxva

qveSevrdoms, vinc savaldebulo brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesrulebisas

daaziana samarTlebrivi sikeTe. K(kodeqsi). amave muxlis me-2 nawili gvaZlevs

saSualebas, davaskvnaT, rom 1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli aseTi qmedeba

Cadenili unda iyos winaswari Secnobis gareSe. am SemTxvevaSi

pasuxismgebloba daekisreba aseTi brZanebis an gankargulebis gamcems. esaa

swored misatevebeli Secdomis specialuri SemTxveva, romelic regulirdeba ssk-is

36-e muxliT. am SemTxvevaSi xelqveiTs ara aqvs da arc SeiZleboda hqonoda

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba viwro an farTo gagebiT.


magaliTad, oficeri ubrZanebs jariskacs, moklas viTom „diversanti”, romelic

sinamdvileSi misi colis sayvarelia, raTa masze iZios Suri. jariskacma Seasrula

brZaneba, riTac Seqmnil eqstremalur situaciaSi dauSva misatevebeli Secdoma.

igi ar agebs pasuxs mkvlelobisaTvis, vinaidan mas ar hqonda

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba farTo gagebiT. Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis pasuxs

agebs oficeri, romelic moqmedebda SualobiTi amsruleblis mdgomareobaSi.

samxedro cxovrebis specifikidan gamomdinare, es muxli miutevebeli Secdomis

drosac ar iTvaliswinebs jariskacis pasuxismgeblobas daudevrobisaTvis,

miuxedavad imisa, mis mier Cadenili qmedebis gaufrTxileblobiT Cadena sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsiT dasjadia Tu ara.

Tu danaSaulebrivi brZaneba Sesrulda winaswari SecnobiT, pirs

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba daekisreba, rogorc danaSaulis

amsrulebels. magaliTad, oficerma ubrZana jariskacs, rom moklas misi colis

sayvareli. jariskacma icis amis Sesaxeb da asrulebs brZanebas. jariskaci

daisjeba, rogorc mkvlelobis amsrulebeli, xolo oficeri - rogorc wamqezebeli.

winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi brZanebis Sesruleba uSualo amsruleblis

pasuxismgeblobas gamoricxavs im SemTxvevaSi, roca igi moqmedebs e.w.

tragikuli koliziis viTarebaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi brZanebis gamcemi daisjeba,

rogorc SualobiTi amsrulebeli, xolo uSualo amsrulebeli ssk-is 38-e muxlze

dayrdnobiT gaTavisufldeba pasuxismgeblobisagan bralis gamomricxveli

sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis safuZvelze.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mier uaryofilia, rogorc adreuli moZRvreba mxolod

meTauris pasuxismgeblobis, aseve qveSevrdobis absoluturi dasjis Sesaxeb.

maSasadame, iziarebs ra saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis Tvalsazriss,

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 37-e muxlis pirveli nawili aris

samarTlebrivi Secdomis gamovlenis specialuri SemTxveva, romelic regulirdeba


ssk-is 36-e muxliT, maSin, rodesac 37-e muxlis me-2 nawili ssk-is 38-e muxlis

(,,tragikuli kolizia”) specialur SemTxvevad unda ganvixiloT.

rogoria ukanono brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesrulebis dasjadoba

saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT?

ufrosis brZanebaze miTiTebis dauSveblobas eZRvneba romis statutis 33-e

muxli,110 kerZod, is faqti, rom pirma sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos

iurisdiqciaSi Semavali danaSauli Caidina mTavrobis an zemdgomi samxedro Tu

samoqalaqo ufrosis brZanebis Sesrulebisas, ar aTavisuflebs mas sisxlis samarTlis

pasuxismgeblobisagan, garda im SemTxvevebisa, Tu:

pirs ekisreboda mTavrobis an ufrosis brZanebis Sesrulebis iuridiuli

valdebuleba; pirma ar icoda brZanebis ukanonobis Sesaxeb da

brZaneba ar iyo aSkarad ukanono xasiaTis.

sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom es pirobebi ar moqmedeben danaSaulis

yvela SemadgenlobisaTvis: am muxlis miznebisaTvis, brZaneba, mimarTuli

genocidis danaSaulis an adamianurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis

Cadenisaken, yovelTvis CaiTvleba aSkarad ukanonod. amitom am or

danaSaulTan mimarTebaSi gamoiyeneba e.w. absoluturi Teoria, ris gamoc

pasuxismgebloba brZanebis Sesrulebaze miTiTebiT veraviTar SemTxvevaSi ver

gamoiricxeba.

statutis 33-e muxli gansasjelis sasargeblod sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso

sasamarTlos mier SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca

Cadenili danaSauli Sedis mis iurisdiqciaSi da Cadenilia saxelmwifo xelisuflebis an

ufrosis brZanebiT. pasuxismgeblobisgan gasaTavisufleblad ki, saWiroa

erToblivad sami kumulaciuri pirobis arseboba.

unda aRiniSnos, rom meTauris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, Tavis

mxriv, or erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul koncefcias efuZneba: ufrosi, romelic

danaSaulebriv brZanebas gascems, isjeba statutis 25-e muxlis Sesabamisad


(pirdapiri da uSualo pasuxismgebloba), xolo 28-e muxli awesrigebs ufrosis

pasuxismgeblobas daqvemdebarebulis marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebisaTvis,

romelsac ar gaucia brZaneba, magram axorcielebda realur Zalauflebas da

kontrols (e.w. qmedebaze batonobis Teoria), Tumca, ar gamoiyena Tavisi

Zalaufleba da am gziT ugulebelyo Tavisi valdebuleba, uxelmZRvanelos

xelqveiTisa Tu sxva qvemdgomis qmedebebs.111

dacvis saSualeba brZanebis Sesrulebaze miTiTebiT yovelTvis ar iyo

erTmniSvnelovani: niurnbergisa da tokios wesdebebisa da aseve orive - yofili

iugoslaviisa da ruandis sisxlis samarTlis droebiTi tribunalebis wesdebebiT, ufrosis

brZanebaze miTiTeba arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar daiSveba. amasTan, mravali

qveynis erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi SemuSavebulia sxva midgoma am sakiTxTan

mimarTebaSi, anu maTi mixedviT, dacvis saSualebad daiSveba ufrosis

brZanebaze miTiTeba im SemTxvevebis garda, roca qvemdgomma icoda an

unda scodnoda, rom brZaneba iyo ukanono an aSkarad ukanono.

aqedan gamomdinare, erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi ufrosis brZanebaze an

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul valdebulebaze, rogorc dacvis saSualebaze, miTiTeba ar

unda iyos statutis Sesabamis debulebaze farTo. samxedro mosamsaxureebis

mier ufrosis brZanebis Sesrulebis mniSvnelobisa da savaldebuloobis

gaTvaliswinebiT, iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca ufrosis brZaneba xsnis xelqveiTis

individualur sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas, unda iyos SezRuduli.

magaliTad, ufrosis brZanebaze miTiTeba ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes im

SemTxvevaSi, roca saqme exeba brZanebas, Caidino adamianurobis

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauli an genocidi (e.w. absoluturi Teoria). igi

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes omis danaSaulTan mimarTebaSi (e.w. pirobaTa

Teoria).

dRes moqmedi qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 37-e muxli, romelic

eZRvneba danaSaulebrivi brZanebis an gankargulebis SesrulebisaTvis


sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs, moTavsebulia bralis

gamomricxvel da Semamsubuqebel garemoebaTa TavSi. es norma, marTalia,

specialurad saerTaSoriso danaSaulebisaTvis ar aris Seqmnili, magram aq

mocemuli debulebebi, agreTve, gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac irRveva

saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebi.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis norma brZanebis an gankargulebis SesrulebasTan

dakavSirebiT Camoyalibebulia e.w. pirobaTa Teoriis mixedviT da igi

garkveulwilad gansxvavdeba am sakiTxze saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis

absoluturi Teoriis debulebebisagan. amasTan, kodeqsis es norma Seesabameba

kontinentaluri evropis araerTi qveynis kanonmdeblobasa da dogmatikas.

7.4. aucilebeli mogeriebis eqscesi

aris Tu ara aucilebeli mogeriebis eqscesi bralis gamomricxveli sapatiebeli

zekanonuri dauwereli garemoeba qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT, germanuli

sisxlis samarTlisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic aucilebeli mogeriebis eqscesis

Sesaxeb specialur normas (germanuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis $ 33) Seicavs,

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis bralis gamomricxvel da Semamsubuqebel

garemoebaTa TavSi aseTi muxli ar iqna Setanili.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis alternatiuli proeqti, romlis avtoria oTar gamyreliZe,

Seicavs germanuli kodeqsis normis analogiur 38-e muxls (,,aucilebeli mogeriebis

eqscesi”), romlis Sinaarsi aseTia: ,,ar daisjeba is, vinc aucilebeli mogeriebis

farglebs gadaacilebs marTlsawinaaRmdego Tavdasxmisagan gamowveuli

dabneulobiT, SiSiT an sxva sapatio garemoebis gamo”.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis miRebis dros kanonmdegelma ar

gaiTvaliswina es pozicia da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi ar Seitana es norma.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis 113-e muxli dasjadad

acxadebs mkvlelobas aucilebeli mogeriebis farglebis gadacilebiT da misTvis


maqsimalur sasjelad awesebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas vadiT erTidan sam

wlamde.112

kanoni ar akeTebs araviTar diferenciacias, obieqturi Semadgenlobis

TvalsazrisiT, aucilebeli mogeriebis eqscesis Tu romel saxeebi igulisxmeba ssk-is

113-e muxlis qveS. am danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenloba ki, ssk-is me-10

muxlis me-4 nawilidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gamoixatos mxolod ganzraxvaSi.

normis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, igi SeiZleba iyos mxolod eventualuri

ganzraxva, rac gamowveulia dabneulobiT, SiSiT an sxva analogiur eqstremalur

situaciaSi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Tu piri pirdapiri ganzraxviT acilebs

aucilebeli mogeriebis sazRvrebs, igi daisjeba ganzraxi mkvlelobisaTvis (ssk-is

108-e muxli).

miuxedavad kerZo nawilis am normis arsebobisa, SeiZleba Tu ara aucilebeli

mogeriebis eqscesis romelime SemTxveva vaRiaroT bralis gamomricxvel

dauwerel sapatiebel zekanonur garemoebad? am kiTxvaze pasuxi gavceT mas

Semdeg, rac ganvixilavT aucilebeli mogeriebis eqscesis saxeebs.

arsebobs aucilebeli mogeriebis eqscesis ori saxe: intensiuri da eqstensiuri.

aucilebeli mogeriebis intensiuri eqscesi is SemTxvevaa, roca piri, nacvlad

nebadarTuli msubuqi Tavdacvis meTodebisa da saSualebebisa, romlebic mis

xelSi arsebobs, aucileblobis gareSe ufro mZimes, meti zianis gamomwvevs

iyenebs.

magaliTad, a.-s, Tavisi fizikuri SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare, SeuZlia, b.-s

mier masze ganxorcielebuli Tavdasxma uproblemod muStiT moigerios. igi,

moulodneli SeteviT SeSinebuli, gamoiyenebs danas da daartyams b.-s muclis

areSi.

es aris intensiuri eqscesis SemTxveva, romelsac aqvs Tavisi pirobebi:

obieqturad unda arsebobdes aucilebeli mogeriebis mdgomareoba;

momgeriebelma unda gadaaWarbos mogeriebisaTvis aucilebel zomebs,


maSasadame, unda gamoiyenos iseTi saSualeba, romelic aucilebelze zedmeti

zianis momtania (magaliTad, fexis nacvlad mucelSi srola) an ar gamoiyenos mis

xelT arsebuli igive efeqtis gamomwvevi ufro msubuqi saSualeba; momgeriebeli

unda moqmedebdes dabneulobiT, SiSiT an sxva eqstremalur garemoebaSi.

mxolod aseTi adamianuri sisustis gamomwvevi afeqti (e.w. asTeniuri afeqti)

moqmedebs piris sasargeblod da ara gabrazebiT, gaRizianebiT, siZulviliT an sxva

msgavsi garemoebiT gamowveuli afeqti (e.w. sTeniuri afeqti).

A ucilebeli mogeriebis droiTi sazRvrebis gadacileba ki, warmoadgens eqstensiur

eqscess.

Tavis mxriv, igi ori saxisaa: roca piri moqmedebs iseTi Tavdasxmis

winaaRmdeg, romelic jer ar dawyebula an ukve damTavrebulia. am dros dacva

ar aris mimarTuli imwuTieri xelyofis winaaRmdeg, radgan jer kidev adre an ukve

gviania.

magaliTebi:

a.-m gaigo, rom b. gegmavs masze Tavdasxmas. SiSisgan igi mas esvris im

dros, roca igi jer kidev quCaSi imyofeba da fiqrobs, Tu rodis da ra viTarebaSi

moaxdinos Tavdasxma.

a. Tavs Taesxa b.-s, rom cemos da miayenos janmrTelobis dazianeba, magram

b.-s mier danis amoRebis SemTxvevaSi gaqceva gadawyvita. panikuri SiSis

mdgomareobaSi a.-m zurgze daartya dana da miayena janmrTelobis mZime

dazianeba.

warmoadgens Tu ara eqstensiuri eqscesis es ori saxe: naadrevi da

dagvianebuli mogerieba, sapatiebel garemoebas, sakamaToa. amasTan

dakavSirebiT arsebobs sami gansxvavebuli pozicia:

gabatonebuli Sexedulebis mixedviT, eqstensiuri eqscesi ar warmoadgens bralis

gamomricxvel sapatiebel garemoebas, eqstensiuri eqscesis orive SemTxveva

warmoadgens bralis gamomricxvel sapatiebel garemoebas, Sualeduri poziciis


mixedviT, aseT sapatiebel garemoebas SeiZleba warmoadgendes mxolod

dagvianebuli eqstensiuri eqscesi, radgan naadrevi eqstensiuri eqscesisagan

gansxvavebiT, am dros arsebobda aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba, romelic droSi

iqna gadacilebuli

aucilebeli mogeriebis eqscesi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc ganzrax, aseve

gaufrTxileblobiT.

magaliTad, a. fiqrobs, rom fexebis mimarTulebiT srolas SeuZlia b.

brZolisuunaro gaxados. miuxedavad amisa, imyofeba ra SiSiT gamowveuli e.w.

asTeniuri afeqtis mdgomareobaSi, esvris muclis mimarTulebiT.

rogor unda gadawydes aucilebeli mogeriebis eqscesis dros piris

pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT?

eqstensiuri eqscesi arcerT SemTxvevaSi ar unda warmoadgendes bralis

gamomricxvel sapatiebel garemoebas. rac Seexeba intensiuri eqscesis

SemTxvevas, Tu igi subieqturad ganxorcielda ganzrax, unda dakvalificirdes ssk-is

113-e muxliT, xolo gaufrTxileblobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gaxdes bralis

gamomricxveli zekanonuri dauwereli sapatiebeli garemoeba, Tu Sesrulebulia

patiebis obieqturi winapirobebi.

7.5. individualuri Seracxvis problemebi sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis dros.

ssk-is 38-e muxli iTvaliswinebs bralis gamomricxveli zekanonuri

garemoebebis arsebobas. SeiZleba esa Tu is garemoeba kodeqsSi saxeldebiT ar

iyos moxseniebuli, magram Tu igi akmayofilebs qmedebis arabraleulobis

pirobebs, piri gaTavisufldeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan.

ssk-is 38-e muxli aerTianebs bralis gamomricxvel sxvadasxva sapatiebel

garemoebebs, romelTac pirobiTad SeiZleba ewodoT: tragikuli koliziis

SemTxvevebi. es is SemTxvevebia, roca, rogorc wesi, adgili aqvs

TanabarmniSvnelovan interesTa kolizias, romlis drosac warmoiSoba konfliqti,

romelSic gadawyvetileba unda iqnes miRebuli erTi maTganis sasargeblod meore


sikeTis marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofis xarjze. aseT SemTxvevebSi piri, marTalia,

axorcielebs qmedebis Semadgenlobis Sesabamis marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedebas (sisxlissamarTlebriv umarTlobas), magram Seqmnili situacia imdenad

eqstremaluria, rom mas ar SeiZleba moeTxovos normis Sesabamisi moqmedebis

Sesruleba, ris gamoc bralis gamoricxvis gziT uari unda iTqvas mis dasjaze.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis bralis gamomricxveli dauwereli zekanonuri

garemoebebi SeiZleba gamovlindes sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis

sxvadasxva SemTxvevebSi.

7.5.1. sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba.

rogorc cnobilia, Tanamedrove qarTulma sisxlis samarTalma garemoebaTa

gamarTlebisa da patiebis safuZvlebad orkvaliani dayofa marTlwinaaRmdegobisa

da bralis gamomricxveli garemoebebis saxiT germanuli sisxlis samarTlidan

gadmoiRo. miuxedavad amisa, germanuli sisxlis samarTlisagan gansxvavebiT,

romelic sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi iTvalswinebs sapatiebel ukidures

aucileblobas, qarTuli sisxlis samarTali aseT specialur sakanonmdeblo normas ar

Seicavs. germanul sisxlis samarTalSi aseve calke arsebobs e.w. dauwereli

zekanonuri ukiduresi aucilebloba.

dRes moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis SemuSavebis dros oTar

gamyreliZem Tavisi alternatiuli proeqtiT SemogvTavaza germanuli sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis msgavsad sapatio ukiduresi aucileblobis SemoReba rac

kanonmdebelma samwuxarod ar gaiziara. 113. aseve e. futkaraZe Tavis

disertaciaSi miuTiTebs bralis gamomricxvel garemoebaTa TavSi sapatio ukiduresi

aucileblobis normis SemoRebis mizanSewonilobaze114.

oTar gamyreliZis alternatiuli proeqtis 36-e muxlis mixedviT, romelic germanuli

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis normis ($ 35) analogiurad aris

Camoyalibebuli, ,,sapatio ukiduresi aucileblobis” Sinaarsi aseTia:


is, vinc sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul qmedebas Caidens da sxvas

daazianebs im uSualo safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad, romelic emuqreboda TviTon

damzianeblis an misi axloblis sicocxles, sxeulebriv mTlianobas an Tavisuflebas,

moqmedebs bralis gareSe, Tuki es safrTxe ar SeiZleboda acdenili yofiliyo sxva

saSualebiT.

es norma ar gamoiyeneba, Tuki damzianebelma safrTxe TviTon Seqmna an,

Tuki gansakuTrebuli profesiuli Tu samsaxurebrivi urTierTobebis gamo

damzianebels moeTxoveba, miiRos safrTxe Tavis Tavze.

Tuki sxvisi sikeTis dazianeba ar gamoricxavs mTlianad damzianeblis brals, is

SeiZleba gaxdes sasjelis Semsubuqebis safuZveli”.

qvemoT ganvixilav sapatiebel ukidures aucileblobas viwro da farTo gagebiT.

orive es konkretulad dauwereli garemoeba gamomdinareobs qarTuli sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis 38-e muxlis normis Sinaarsidan.

7.5.2. sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba viwro gagebiT

sapatiebel ukidures aucileblobaSi viwro gagebiT unda moviazroT is

SemTxvevebi, romlebic Cadenilia damzianeblis an misi axloblis sicocxlis,

sxeulebrivi mTlianobis an Tavisuflebis gadasarCenad. igi gansxvavdeba, rogorc

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli ukiduresi aucileblobis, aseve farTo

gagebiT sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobisagan, romelsac qvemoT Sevexebi.

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli ukiduresi aucileblobisagan

gansxvavebiT, romlis drosac gadarCenili samarTlebrivi sikeTe dazianebuls

mniSvnelovnad aRemateba, sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis dros, rogorc wesi,

erTmaneTs upirispirdeba ori Tanabari Rirebulebis samarTlebrivi sikeTe. am

sikeTeebidan erTis gadarCeniTa da meoris xelyofiT piri yovelTvis Cadis

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas, romelic samarTlebrivad ar aris gamarTlebuli,

magram nebadarTulia. am garemoebis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Seqmnil

viTarebaSi piri imyofeba iseTi fsiqikuri zewolis qveS da iseTi Zlieria ama Tu im


samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCenis survili, rom igi tragikuli koliziis mdgomareobaSi

vardeba. aseT viTarebaSi moqmedebisaTvis pirs pasuxismgebloba ver

daekisreba, radgan samarTlebrivad Seiqmna normis Sesabamisi moqmedebis

Sesrulebis moTxovnis SeuZleblobis mdgomareoba.

maSasadame, marTlzomier ukidures aucileblobasa (ssk-is 28-e muxli) da

sapatiebel ukidures aucileblobas (ssk-is 38-e muxli) Soris gansxvaveba

Semdegnairad SeiZleba CamovayaliboT:

marTlzomieri ukiduresi aucileblobis dros dazianebuli sikeTe

naklebmniSvnelovania, vidre gadarCenili sikeTe, maSin rodesac sapatiebeli

ukiduresi aucileblobisas, rogorc wesi, Tanabari Rirebulebis samarTlebriv

sikeTeebTan gvaqvs saqme.

marTlzomieri ukiduresi aucileblobis dros ar arsebobs araviTari SezRudva,

aramed SeiZleba daculi iqnes nebismieri samarTlebrivi sikeTe, romelic

damzianeblis an sxvis samarTlebriv sikeTes warmoadgens. sapatiebeli ukiduresi

aucileblobis dros ki, arsebobs SezRudva gansazRvruli samarTlebrivi sikeTeebiT,

romlebic SeiZleba iqnes daculi. es sikeTeebia: sicocxle, janmrTeloba da

Tavisufleba. amasTan, daculi samarTlebrivi sikeTe unda warmoadgendes TviT

damzianeblis an misi axloblis kuTvnilebas.

Tanamonawileoba marTlzomieri ukiduresi aucileblobis dros ar aris SesaZlebeli,

maSin rodesac sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis dros igi SesaZlebelia.

ukiduresi aucileblobis dros marTlzomierad moqmedi piris mimarT aucilebeli

mogerieba ar aris nebadarTuli, magram sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis

mdgomareobaSi myofi piris mimarT aucilebeli mogerieba SesaZlebelia, radgan

piri moqmedebs arabraleulad, magram marTlsawinaaRmdegod.

Secdoma marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel ukidures aucileblobasTan

dakavSirebiT gamoricxavs pasuxismgeblobas ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis. igi

warmoadgens moCvenebiTi ukiduresi aucileblobis mdgomareobas da


gadawydeba ssk-is 36-e muxlis analogiiT. Secdoma sapatiebeli ukiduresi

aucileblobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT ar gamoricxavs ganzraxvas, Tu es

Secdoma Tavidan acilebadi iyo, aramed mxolod sasjelis Semcireba SeiZleba

gamoiwvios.

sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis arabraleulobis aucilebeli winapirobebia: a)

ukiduresi mdgomareoba; b) ukiduresobiT gamowveuli moqmedeba; g)

samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCenis neba da d) safrTxis Tavis Tavze miRebis

valdebulebis ararseboba:

ukiduresi mdgomareoba Seqmnilia maSin, roca arsebobs uSualo safrTxe,

romelic emuqreboda TviTon damzianeblis an misi axloblis sicocxles, sxeulebriv

mTlianobas an Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebas. sxva samarTlebrivi sikeTeebis

dacva aseT mdgomareobaSi ar aris nebadarTuli. axloblis cneba ufro farToa, vidre

axlo naTesavis, romlis sakanonmdeblo definicia mocemulia ssk-is 109-e muxlis

SeniSvnaSi.

ukiduresobiT gamowveuli moqmedeba aris arabraleuli, Tuki Seqmnili safrTxe ar

SeiZleboda acdenili yofiliyo sxva saSualebiT. ukiduresi moqmedebis dros arCeuli

unda iqnes efeqturi da damzianeblis xelSi arsebuli saSualebebidan yvelaze ufro

msubuqi, romelic igive miznis saimedod miRwevis pirobebSi SedarebiT naklebi

zianis momtania. samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCenis neba gulisxmobs

imas, rom pirs Segnebuli unda hqondes safrTxis mdgomareoba da unda

moqmedebdes safrTxis Tavidan acilebisa da samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCenis

mizniT.

safrTxis Tavis Tavze miRebis moTxovna gulisxmobs, rom adamianTa garkveul

kategorias ar SeuZlia es garemoeba misi moqmedebis arabraleulobis

dasamtkiceblad gamoiyenos. es is SemTxvevebia, roca damzianebelma safrTxe

TviTon Seqmna an, Cveulebrivi adamianebisagan gansxvavebiT, gansakuTrebuli

profesiuli Tu samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamo, moeTxoveba miiRos safrTxe


Tavis Tavze. viwro gagebiT sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobiT ver imoqmedeben

policieli, jariskaci, mezRvauri, mexanZre, sxvadasxva maSveli samsaxuris

wevrebi.

magaliTi: gemis katastrofis Semdeg ficarze aRmoCndeba ori adamiani. orives

gardauvali daRupva emuqreba, radgan ficars SeuZlia gauZlos mxolod erTs. aseT

viTarebaSi, Tu erTi gadairCens Tavs meoris wyalSi gadagdebiT, gveqneba bralis

gamomricxveli sapatiebeli garemoeba, radgan es moqmedeba mimarTuli iyo

sakuTari Tavis gadasarCenad. amasTan, orive dasaRupavad iyo ganwiruli.

sxva magaliTSi, Tu or mTamsvlels gardauvali daRupva emuqreba da aseT

viTarebaSi erT-erTi maTgani Toks gadaWris im mizniT, rom Tavi gadairCinos, misi

moqmedeba ver CaiTvleba braleulad.

magaliTis mixedviT, 1884 wels gemis katastrofis Sedegad orma ukiduresad

damSeulma adamianma mokla ubeduri SemTxvevisagan dauZlurebuli biWi da

SeWama, raTa sikvdilisagan Tavi gadaerCinaT. am moqmedebis gareSe isini ver

gadarCebodnen. inglisurma sasamarTlom, romelmac es adamianebi

gaasamarTla, Tavi Seikava maTi gamarTlebisagan, radgan CaTvala, rom sicocxle

warmoadgens absolutur sikeTes da amis gamo udanaSaulo adamianis mokvla

eqstremalur situaciebSic ki, ar SeiZleboda nebadarTuli yofiliyo. amitom,

sasamarTlom gansasjelebs Seufarda sikvdiliT dasja, romelic male Sewyalebis

gziT eqvsTviani Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT SeecvalaT.

im dros sisxlis samarTlis dogmatika jer kidev ar icnobda gansxvavebas

marTlwinaaRmdegobisa da bralis gamomricxvel garemoebebs Soris, romlis

mixedviTac, piris moqmedeba SeiZleba ar iyos samarTlebrivad mosawoni da

gamarTlebuli, magram iyos misatevebeli. dRes TiTqmis erTxmad aris aRiarebuli,

rom aseTi moqmedeba unda Sefasdes, rogorc bralis gamomricxveli sapatiebeli

ukiduresi aucilebloba.


Tanamedrove qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis poziciebidan gamomdinare, romelic

aRiarebs bralis gamomricxvel sapatiebel garemoebebs, am Tvalsazriss ar

SeiZleba ar daeTanxmo.

TinaTin wereTels dauSveblad miaCnia ,,erTi adamianis sicocxlis mospoba sxva

adamianis sicocxlis gadarCenis mizniT. amitom aseT mdgomareobaSi Cadenili

qmedeba ganixileba rogorc danaSauli”115. igi aseT SemTxvevas braleulad

miiCnevda da SesaZleblad miaCnda misi mxolod pasuxismgeblobis

Semamsubuqebel garemoebad mxedvelobaSi miReba.

7.5.3. iZulebiTi ukiduresi aucilebloba, rogorc sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis

specialuri SemTxveva

iZulebiTi ukiduresi aucilebloba warmoadgens sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis

specialur SemTxvevas.

iZulebiTi ukiduresi aucilebloba ar warmoadgens marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxvel garemoebas. es is SemTxvevaa, roca piri sxva adamianis mxridan

Zaladobis an Zaladobis muqaris Sedegad imyofeba sicocxlis, sxeulebrivi

mTlianobis an Tavisuflebis xelyofis imwuTier safrTxeSi, romelic ar SeiZleba

acdenili iqnes sxva saSualebiT. aseTi Zaladobis an Zaladobis muqaris mizania,

pirma Caidinos marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba. maSasadame, piri aris iZulebis

an muqaris qveS.

magaliTad, oficerma jariskacs ubrZana, rom moekla Tavisi colis sayvareli,

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi orive maTgans moklavda. jariskaci iZulebuli iyo

brZaneba Seesrulebina (winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi orive daiRupebodnen).

jariskaci imyofeboda tragikuli koliziis mdgomareobaSi, romelic iZulebiTi ukiduresi

aucileblobis saxiT mis braleulobas gamoricxavs.

magaliTad, pirTa jgufma gaitaca a.-s mcirewlovani Svili. gamtaceblebi

mamas aiZuleben, rom dawvas b.-s avtomanqana. avtomanqanis mepatrone

bavSvis mamas nebayoflobiT arafriT ar daTanxmdeba avtomanqanis


ganadgurebaze. mama xedavs, rom mis Svils realuri safrTxe emuqreba,

amasTan, ara aqvs sxvagvarad Svilis gadarCenis imedi. igi iZulebuli gaxda,

Caedina es qmedeba, riTac gadaarCina ufro mniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi sikeTe

– Svilis sicocxle.

am kazusis mixedviT, mamis moqmedebas ver SevafasebT

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel ukidures aucileblobad, aramed igi

warmoadgens sapatiebel iZulebiT ukidures aucileblobas. winaaRmdeg

SemTxvevaSi, avtomanqanis mepatrones ar eqneba sakuTari avtomanqanis

dasacavad aucilebeli mogeriebis gamoyenebis ufleba, rac samarTlebrivad

araswori iqneboda.

saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi romis statutiT mniSvneloba SeiZina iZulebiTi

ukiduresi aucileblobis mdgomareobam, romelic mocemulia statutis 31-e muxlis I

abzacis ,,d” qvepunqtSi. 116

serbiis armiis jariskacma – erdemoviCma Tavisi meTauris brZanebiT mokla

ramdenime udanaSaulo samoqalaqo piri. igi am adamianebis mimarT ar

moqmedebda aucilebeli mogeriebis mdgomareobaSi. misi CvenebiT, igi iZulebuli

iyo Caedina es qmedebebi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is da misi ojaxis wevrebi

iqnebodnen mokluli, Tu uars ityoda brZanebis Sesrulebaze da samoqalaqo

pirebis mokvlaze.

eqs-iugoslaviis tribunalma am SemTxvevas aseTi Sefaseba ar misca, radgan

am sasamarTlos wesdebaSi pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebis aseTi safuZveli

pirdapir ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, magram dReisaTvis romis statuti aseT

samarTlebriv normas Seicavs (statutis 31-e muxlis I abzacis ,,d” qvepunqti), ris

gamoc, faqtebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi, aseTi SemTxveva unda Sefasdes,

rogorc iZulebiTi ukiduresi aucilebloba.

iZulebiTi ukiduresi aucileblobis dros is piri, vinc Zaladobis an Zaladobis

muqaris qveS imyofeba, upirveles yovlisa, unda Seecados, rom moigerios is


safrTxis wyaro, romelic mas iyenebs marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis

Casadenad, Tu es SesaZlebelia. Tu es SeuZlebelia, mxolod maSin SeuZlia xelyos

sxva uSualo safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, misi

moqmedeba ar CaiTvleba arabraleulad, vinaidan safrTxe SeiZleboda acdenili

yofiliyo sxva saSualebiT, kerZod, safrTxis uSualo wyaros - marTlsawinaaRmdego

brZanebis gamcemi piris xelyofiT.

7.5.4. sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba farTo gagebiT.

aseve am garemoebis samarTlebriv safuZvels warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis 38-e muxli. igi gulisxmobs im SemTxvevebs, rodesac piri sxvas

daazianebs im uSualo safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad, romelic emuqreboda ara

TviTon damzianeblis an misi axloblis samarTlebriv sikeTes, aramed sxva,

mesame iseT pirs, romelic xelmyofisaTvis aseT adamianTa wres ar ekuTvnis.

swored amiT gansxvavdeba igi zemoT warmodgenili sapatiebeli ukiduresi

aucileblobisagan viwro gagebiT.

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli am specifikuri garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, igi

warmoadgens tragikuli koliziis SemTxvevebs. kerZod: braleulad ar moqmedebs

is, vinc marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas Caidens samarTlebrivi sikeTis nawilis

gadasarCenad, roca es sikeTe mTlianobaSi dasaRupavad iyo ganwiruli.

magaliTebi:

Tu or mTamsvlels gardauvali daRupva emuqreba da aseT viTarebaSi mesame

Toks gadaWris im mizniT, rom erT-erTi mainc gadaarCinos, misi moqmedeba ver

CaiTvleba braleulad.

teroristebma gaitaces TviTmfrinavi, romelSic imyofebodnen ramdenime aTeuli

mgzavri da ekipaJis wevrebi. kamikaZe-teroristebis mtkice gadawyvetilebiT,

TviTmfrinavi ramdenime wuTSi unda dajaxeboda mravalsarTulian Senobas,

romelSic am dros ramdenime aseuli adamiani imyofeboda. dajaxebis Sedegad


daiRupebodnen rogorc TviTmfrinavis mgzavrebi, aseve am SenobaSi myofi

adamianebi. aseT viTarebaSi miRebuli iqna gadawyvetileba TviTmfrinavis

Camogdebis Sesaxeb, romelic dauyovnebliv sisruleSi iqna moyvanili im

adamianebis mier, romelTac uSualod safrTxe ar emuqrebodaT.

es SemTxveva unda CaiTvalos bralis gamomricxveli zekanonuri sapatiebeli

garemoebis klasikur nimuSad (mimoxilvaSi warmodgenili terminologiiT tragikul

kolizias adgili ara aqvs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadasarCenad

xelyofen pirovnebis sicocxles, rogorc samarTlebriv sikeTes, romelsac daRupva ar

emuqreboda, miuxedavad xelyofil da gadarCenil sikeTeebs Soris arsebuli

raodenobrivi sxvaobisa (e.w. kvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucilebloba). aqedan

gamomdinare, dauSvebelia mravali ganwiruli adamianis sicocxlis gadarCena

Tundac erTi iseTi adamianis mokvliT, romelsac araferi emuqreboda.

sisxlissamarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, erTi adamianis sicocxle da mravali adamianis

sicocxle tolfasia.

iuridiul literaturaSi arsebobs umciresobis pozicia, romelic raodenobrivi

(kvantitatiuri) ukiduresi aucileblobis mdgomareobas miiCnevs bralis

gamomricxvel sapatiebel garemoebad.

Secdomas uSvebs TinaTin wereTeli, roca igi kvantitatiur ukidures aucileblobas

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel garemoebad Tvlis. misi azriT, ,,sxva

adamianisaTvis sicocxlis mospoba SeiZleba CaiTvalos ukiduresi aucileblobis

mdgomareobaSi Cadenilad mxolod maSin, rodesac es aucilebeli iyo mravali

adamianis sicocxlis gadasarCenad” am poziciis sawinaaRmdegod unda iTqvas,

rom ar SeiZleba ,,sicocxle sicocxlis winaaRmdeg” ukiduresi aucileblobis

mdgomareobiT iqnes gamarTlebuli.

magaliTad, xalxiT datvirTul avtobuss daRmarTSi gaufuWda muxruWebi.

xramSi Cavardnisagan, anu ucilobeli daRupvisagan gadarCenis erTaderTi xsnaa

xramis piras mdgari msubuqi avtomanqanisaTvis dajaxeba, romelSic zis mZRoli.


avtobusis mZRoli, raTa gadaarCinos mravali adamianis sicocxle, ejaxeba msubuq

avtomanqanas, romlis mZRoli iRupeba (samagierod, gadarCa avtobusis mravali

mgzavri).

Tu kazuss e.w. kvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucileblobis poziciidan mivudgebiT, am

SemTxvevaSi adgili ar eqneba iseT tragikul kolizias, romelic braleulobas

gamoricxavs. avtobusis mZRoli pasuxs agebs ganzraxi mkvlelobisaTvis. ufro

swori iqneba am kazusis gadawyveta sxvagvarad. kerZod, ara mravali

adamianisaTvis sicocxlis gadarCenis argumentiT, aramed mxolod sakuTari

sicocxlis gadarCenis argumentiT SeuZlia sasamarTlom aseT viTarebaSi piris

qmedeba CaTvalos arabraleulad (sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba viwro

gagebiT).

aqve unda iTqvas, rom bralis gamomricxveli zekanonuri garemoebebis dadgena

samosamarTleo samarTalSemoqmedebis sferoa. aqedan gamomdinare, bevria

damokidebuli imaze, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 38-e muxlis normis interpretaciis

gziT Tu rogor ganviTardeba misi farglebi, gamomdinare swored samosamarTleo

samarTlidan.

7.5.5 Secdoma bralis gamomricxvel sapatiebel garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT.

im SemTxvevaSi roca piri Secdomas uSvebs bralis gamomricxveli sapatiebeli

garemoebis faqtobriv mxaresTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa, magaliTad,

moCvenebiTi sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba, moqmedebs qmedebis

Semadgenlobis ganzraxviT. am SemTxvevaSi aseve saxezea boroti ganzraxva,

romelic bralis etapze dgindeba. aseTi Secdomis dros piri ar Tavisufldeba ganzraxi

danaSaulisaTvis pasuxismgeblobisagan, Tu Secdoma Tavidan acilebadi iyo.

amiT Secdomis es saxe gansxvavdeba im Secdomisagan, romelsac piri uSvebs

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb,

rogoricaa, moCvenebiTi mogerieba, moCvenebiTi ukiduresi aucilebloba da sxv.

rogorc aRiniSna, am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi analogiiT gamoiyeneba ssk-is 36-e


muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesi, maSin, rodesac bralis gamomricxveli sapatiebeli

garemoebis arsebobis Sesaxeb Secdoma mxolod maSin gamoricxavs brals, roca

Secdoma Tavidan aucilebadi iyo, maSasadame, gaufrTxileblobis dros.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT, aRniSnuli SeiZleba miviCnioT, rogorc

gaufrTxileblobisaTvis bralis gamomricxveli zekanonuri garemoeba, romelic

SeiZleba Semdegi saxelwodebiT movixsenioT: normis Sesabamisi moqmedebis

Sesrulebis moTxovnis SeuZlebloba. aseTi damoukidebeli samarTlebrivi figura

gveqneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gaufrTxileblobis dros.

8. daskvna.

Cemi samagistro naSromis mizania, gaanalizos obieqturi da individualuri

Seracxvis problemebi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi. amasTan gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba eTmoba moZRvrebas obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb, romelic

warmoadgens swored qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis erT-erT

umniSvnelovanes kategorias. igi 80-iani wlebis Sua periodidan gabatonda

germanulenovan sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi da aseve didi rezonansi moipova

espaneTSi, laTinur amerikaSi, poloneTSi da mniSvnelovania saerTaSoriso sisxlis

samarTalSic. O

obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb moZRvrebis ganviTareba qarTul sisxlis

samarTalSi warmoadgens mizezobrivi kavSiris Sesaxeb TinaTin wereTlis

Sexedulebebis Semdgom ganviTarebas.

obieqturi Seracxvis moZRvreba qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi naklebad aris

cnobili igi sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis SedarebiT axali institutia. es instituti

Semoaqvs qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi da swored am axal dogmatikaze saubrobs

pirvelad profesori merab turava, man es sakiTxi wamoayena da asaxa mis sisxlis

samarTlis zogadi nawilis saxelmZRvanelos me-7 da me-8 gamocemebSi.

obieqturi Seracxvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi kategoria qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi

imsaxurebs aRiarebas igi sisxlis samarTalSi ar yofila bolo periodamde mecnieruli


diskusiis sagani. Aam Teoriis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom miuxedavad

qmedebasa da Sedegs Soris mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobisa, pirovnebas

SeiZleba obieqturad mainc ar Seeracxos damdgari Sedegi, maSin, rodesac

mizezobrivi kavSiris e.w. pirobaTa TeoriiT dadgenis gareSe Sedegis obieqturi

Seracxva ver moxdeba.

maSasadame, Tanamedrove sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis ganviTarebis

Sedegad Sedegian deliqtebSi moqmedebasa da Sedegs Soris kavSiri or

safexurad unda dadgindes: pirvel safexurze unda Semowmdes kauzaloba

qmedebasa da Sedegs Soris, xolo mxolod amis Semdeg, meore etapze, unda

gairkves, piris qmedebisagan damdgari Sedegi mas obieqturadac unda

Seeracxos Tu ara. maSin, rodesac kauzalobis dadgena specialur samarTlebriv

codnas ar moiTxovs, radgan igi warmoadgens specialistis profesiul Sefasebas da

empiriuli dakvirvebiTa da bunebis kanonebis gamoyenebiT SeiZleba dadgindes,

misgan gansxvavebiT, obieqturi Seracxva warmoadgens wminda SefasebiT-

samarTlebriv kategorias. Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva niSnavs imas, rom pirs

Tavisi qceviT gamowveuli Sedegi aseve normatiuladac, rogorc ,,sakuTari

qmnileba~, e.i. rogorc personaluri umarTloba unda Seeracxos.

warmodgenili Cemi samagistro naSromi gviCvenebs, rom mizezobrivi

kavSiris ganvrcoba obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb axali, damoukidebeli kategoriiT

warmoadgens wingadadgmul nabijs sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis ganviTarebis

saqmeSi. bevri problema, romelic mizezobrivi kavSiris, ganzraxvis,

marTlwinaaRmdegobisa Tu bralis etapze wydeboda, am axali moZRvrebis

mixedviT, danaSaulis sistemis am axal stadiaze, kerZod, qmedebis obieqturi

Semadgenlobis etapze normatiulad SeiZleba gadawydes. obieqturi Seracxva

xdeba SefasebiTi kriteriumebiT, riTac mniSvnelovani nabiji gadaidga danaSaulis

sistemis obieqturi mxaris normativizaciisaTvis. G


garda obieqturi Seracxvis problemisa, samagistro naSromSi ganxilul aris

individuluri Seracxvis sakiTxebi.

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-7 muxlis Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba sasjelis

dakisreba individualuri bralis gareSe, brali aris mosamarTlis mier piris

individualur-samarTlebrivi gakicxva mis mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedebisaTvis, anu brali aris individis gakicxva. Mpiri mxolod maSin unda

daisajos, roca arsebobs misTvis marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis inividualurad

Seracxvis samarTlebrivi safuZveli.

samagistro naSromis Temad Oqmedebis obieqturi da individualuri Seracxvis

arCeva, swored sakiTxis aqtualobam ganapiroba.

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Cemi samagistro naSromis mizania

detalurad ganxilul yofiliyo obieqturi Seracxvis moZRvreba, anu Tu rogor unda

Seeracxos pirs mis mier Cadenili qmedeba obieqturad da ra SemTxvevaSi ar

Seeracxeba mas mis mier Cadenili qmedeba obieqturad miuxedevad imisa, rom

Cadenil qmedebasa da damdgar Sedges Soris arsebobs mizezobrivi kavSiri

(Conditio sine qua non-formula). Aaseve ganxilul aris sakiTxi Tu ra SemTxvevaSi ar

Seeracxeba pirs individualurad mis mier Cadenili qmedeba, miuxedavad imisa,

rom mas qmedeba obieqturad, subieqturad Seeracxa da mis mier Cadenili

qmedeba aris marTlsawinaaRmdego xasiaTis matarebeli.

profesor merab turavas mier SemoRebuli axali institutis _ obieqturi Seracxvis

damkvidrebas qarTul sisxlis samarTlis samecniero sivrceSi da misi gamoyeneba

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis praqtikis farglebSi SesaZleblobas mogvcems

samarTlianad gadawydes Sedegis obieqturi Seracxvis problema. sworad

mimaCnia da mxars vuWer am axali dogmatikis SemoRebas da mis SemdgomSi

damkvidrebas qarTul sisxlis samarTlSi.


vfiqrob, obieqturi da individualuri Seracxvis kriteriumebi samomavlod ufro

daixveweba da myarad damkvidrdeba qarTul sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikasa da

sasamarTlo praqtikaSi.

gamoyenebuli literatura

M gamyreliZe oTar, Seracxvis problema sisxlis samarTalSi da bralis normatiuli

cnebis dasabuTebis cda, Jurnali àdamiani da konstitucia~, (saqarTvelos

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gamocema) Tbilisi, 2002, #3.

M gamyreliZe oTar, Seracxvis problema sisxlis samarTalSi da bralis normatiuli

cnebis dasabuTebis cda, Jurnali àdamiani da konstitucia~ (saqarTvelos

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gamocema) Tbilisi, 2002, #4.

gamyreliZe oTar, sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis reformisa da Tanamedrove

kriminologiis problemebi, Tbilisi, 2006, gamomcemloba ~meridiani`

gamyreliZe oTar, danaSaulis subieqti da piradi pasuxismgeblobis principi, Tbilisi,

gamomcemloba `meridiani~ TinaTin wereTlis saxelmwifosa da samarTlis instituti

2010;

gamyreliZe oTar, brZola samarTlebrivi saxelmwifosaTvis, 1998,

M kutalia laSa-giorgi, braliს normatiuli modeli dogmatur-sistemaluri

Taviseburebebi, Tbilisi, gamomcemlobა ~inteleqti~ 1999;

kutalia laSa-giorgi, brali sisxlis samarTalSi, Tbilisi, Ggamomcemloba `meridiani~

2000;

M naWyebia guram, brali rogorc socialuri filosofiis kategoria, Tbilisi,

gamomcemloba ~biznes kurieri~ 2001;


futkaraZe e. ukiduresi aucilebloba qarTul da germanul sisxlis samarTalSi”,

disertaciis avtoreferati, 2003.

turava merab, sisxlis samarTli, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, me-7 gamocema,

Tbilisi, gamomcemloba `bona kauza~ 2008;

turava merab, sisxlis samarTli, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, me-8 gamocema,

Tbilisi, gamomcemloba `bona kauza~ 2010;M turava merab, obieqturi Seracxvis

Sesaxeb moZRvrebis ganviTarebisaTvis Tanamedrove qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi,

Tbilisi, 2009;

turava merab, sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo, romis statutTan

saqarTvelos Sesabamisobis komentari, Tbilisi, gamomcemloba `bona kauza~

2005;

wereTeli TinaTin, giorgi tyeSeliaZe, moZRvreba danaSaulze, Tbilisi,

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wereTeli TinaTin, sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, tomi I, Tbilisi, gamomcemloba

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#1;

M wereTeli TinaTin da tyeSeliaZe giorgi, saqarTvelos ssr sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis komentarebi, Tbilisi, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~ 1976;

Кудрявцев, В. Н.: Общая теория квалификафции преступления, , МосКва

1972,

Флетчер. Дж, А,В,Наумов. Основные Концепции Современного Уголовного

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1 (m. turava, obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb moZRvrebis ganviTarebisaTvis

Tanamedrove qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi, 2009, gv. 1).

2 (Turava, M,. Topikal problems of Criminal law and Criminology, Publisher: in Tinatin

Tsereteli state and law institute, 2009, pg. 51).

3 (Церетели, Т. В.: Основания уголовной ответственности и понятие

преступления, JurnalSi: ,,Правоведение”, 1980, #2).

4 ( Кудрявцев, В. Н.: Общая теория квалификафции преступления, , МосКва

1972, gv,73

5 (m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili me-8 gamocema, 2010, gv. 82).

6 (Turava, M. Topikal problems of Criminal law and Criminology, Publisher: in Tinatin

Tsereteli state and law institute, 2009, pg. 51).


8 (T. wereTeli, g. tyeSeliaZe, moZRvreba danaSaulze, 1969, gv. 207-316).

9 (m. turava, oboeqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb moZRvrebis ganviTarebisaTvis




Tanamedrove qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi 2009, gv. 15.)

11 (m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili me-8 nawili 2010, gv .220.)

12 (laSa-giorgi kutalia, brali sisxlis samarTalSi, 2000, gv. 752).

13 (Дж, Флетчер. А,В,Наумов. Основные Концепции Современного

Уголовного Права, 1998. 210; )


15 M(T wereTeli, sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, tomi I, 2007; gv. 177).

16 (T. wereTeli, g. tyeSeliaZe, moZRvreba danaSaulze, 1969, gv. 177).

17 (T wereTeli, sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, tomi I, 2007; gv. 178).

18 ( saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi 2010; gv.10).



21 (m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili me-8 nawili 2010, gv. 89).



Tanamedrove qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi 2009, gv. 8).








31 (m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili me-7 gamocema, 2008, gv. 102-

103).








37 (T. wereTeli, g. tyeSeliaZe, moZRvreba danaSaulze, 1969, gv.250).

38 (T. wereTeli, g. tyeSeliaZe, moZRvreba danaSaulze, 1969, gv.253).









46 (Церетели, Т. В.: Причинная связь в уголовном праве, 1963).






52 (m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili me-8 nawili 2010, gv. 108)































82 (m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili me-8 nawili 2010, gv. 124-125, 154-

156).



84 (m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili me-8 nawili 2010, gv. 149-150).





89 (m. turava, obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb moZRvrebis ganviTarebisaTvis


90 (oTar gamyreliZe, danaSaulis subieqti da piradi pasuxismgeblobis principi,

2010; gv. 220).

91 (oTar gamyreliZe, danaSaulis subieqti da piradi pasuxismgeblobis principi,

2010; gv. 244).

92 (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, Tbilisi 2010; muxli me-7).

93 (MlaSa-giorgi kutalia, braliს normatiuli modeli dogmatur-sistemaluri

Taviseburebebi, Tbilisi, 1999; gv. 45).


95 (laSa-giorgi kutalia, brali sisxlis samarTalSi, Tbilisi, 2000; gv. 752).

96 (laSa-giorgi kutalia, brali sisxlis samarTalSi, Tbilisi, 2000; gv. 752).

97M(saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, Tbilisi 2010, me-9 Tavi).

98 ( guram naWyebia, brali rogorc socialuri filosofiis kategoria, Tbilisi,

gamomcemloba ~biznes kurieri~ 2001; gv. 185).


100 (MlaSa-giorgi kutalia, braliს normatiuli modeli dogmatur -sistemaluri

Taviseburebebi, Tbilisi, 1999; gv. 48).

101 ( T. wereTeli, ,,macne”, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnali, 1960,

#1, gv. 129).



103 (o. gamyreliZe, Seracxvis problema sisxlis samarTalSi da bralis normatiuli

cnebis dasabuTebis cda, Jurnali àdamiani da konstitucia~, gv. 73. Tbilisi, 2002,

#3).

104 (o. gamyreliZe, sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis reformisa da Tanamedrove

kriminologiis problemebi, Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 8).



#4).



#3).

107 ( saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi 2010; muxli 35-e).

108 (m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili me-8 nawili 2010, gv.224).

109 (sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdeba, 1998; muxli 32-e).



112 (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi 2010; muxli 113-e).

113 ( o. gamyreliZe, brZola samarTlebrivi saxelmwifosaTvis, 1998, gv. 283).

114 ( e. futkaraZe, ukiduresi aucilebloba qarTul da germanul sisxlis samarTalSi”,

disertaciis avtoreferati, 2003, gv. 18).

115 (T. wereTeli da g. tyeSeliaZe, saqarTvelos ssr sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

komentarebi, 1976, gv. 112).


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