Sampling, Analytical and Quality Plan Declaration Area ... · Sampling, Analytical and Quality Plan Declaration Area – Issue 2 VMP and PDA Works NSW EPA Declaration Area 21122,

Commercial in Confidence

Barangaroo Lend Lease Development 19 July 2010

Sampling, Analytical and Quality Plan Declaration Area – Issue 2 VMP and PDA Works NSW EPA Declaration Area 21122, former Millers Point Gasworks


S41050010_DA_PDA_SAQP_19Jul10.docx

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Contents 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Data Quality Objectives ........................................................................................................ 1

1.2.1 Step 1 State the Problem ..................................................................................... 1

1.2.2 Step 2 Identify the Decisions ................................................................................ 5

1.2.3 Step 3 Identify Inputs to the Decisions .................................................................. 5

1.2.4 Step 4 Define the Study Boundaries ..................................................................... 5

1.2.5 Step 5 Develop a Decision Rule ........................................................................... 6

1.2.6 Step 6 Specify Limits on Decision Errors ............................................................... 6

1.2.7 Step 7 Optimise the Design for Obtaining Data ..................................................... 6

2.0 Sampling, Analytical and Quality Plan ................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Site Information .................................................................................................................... 7

2.1.1 Site Description and Current Land Use ................................................................. 7

2.1.2 Proposed Land Use ............................................................................................. 7

2.1.3 Surrounding Land Use ......................................................................................... 7

2.1.4 Topography and Drainage .................................................................................... 7

2.1.5 Geology and Hydrogeology .................................................................................. 7

2.1.6 Potentially Sensitive Receptors ............................................................................ 8

2.1.7 Potential Areas and Chemicals of Concern ........................................................... 8

2.2 Scope of Work ..................................................................................................................... 9

2.3 Sampling and Analytical Plan ............................................................................................... 9

2.4 Site Investigation Criteria .................................................................................................... 12

2.4.1 Soil Investigation Criteria .................................................................................... 12

2.4.2 Waste Criteria .................................................................................................... 13

2.4.3 Soil Vapour Criteria ............................................................................................ 13

2.4.4 Groundwater and Surface Water Investigation Criteria ........................................ 14

2.5 Field Investigation Methodology .......................................................................................... 15

2.5.1 Soil Investigation ................................................................................................ 15

2.5.2 Groundwater Investigation .................................................................................. 18

2.5.3 Intertidal Study ................................................................................................... 20

2.6 Laboratory Methodology ..................................................................................................... 20

2.7 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Plan ........................................................................ 24

2.7.1 Field QA/QC ...................................................................................................... 24

2.7.2 Laboratory QA/QC ............................................................................................. 26

2.7.3 Data Quality Indicators ....................................................................................... 27

2.8 Reporting ........................................................................................................................... 28

3.0 References ........................................................................................................................................ 29


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List of Tables Body Report

Table 1: Barangaroo History Summary .................................................................................................................. 3

Table 2: Potential AEC and COC .......................................................................................................................... 8

Table 3: Sampling Plan Summary ....................................................................................................................... 10

Table 4: Soil Analytical Plan Summary ................................................................................................................ 10

Table 5: Groundwater Analytical Plan Summary .................................................................................................. 11

Table 6: Soil Vapour Assessment Methodology ................................................................................................... 18

Table 7: Soil Analytical Methods ......................................................................................................................... 21

Table 8: Groundwater/surface water analytical methods ...................................................................................... 22

Table 9: Field QA/QC ......................................................................................................................................... 24

Table 10: Laboratory QA/QC .............................................................................................................................. 26

Table 11: Summary of DQIs................................................................................................................................ 27

Figures Figure F1: Site location plan

Figure F2: Proposed sampling locations


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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background AECOM Australia Pty Limited (AECOM) has been engaged by Lend Lease Development (LLD) to undertake a Data Gap Investigation (DGI) at NSW DECCW Declaration Area 21122 (known as the former Millers Point gasworks) in Hickson Road, Millers Point, NSW (the Site). The site is located with the Barangaroo redevelopment precinct.

AECOM has prepared this Sampling Analytical and Quality Plan (SAQP) for the works to be conducted at the Site. The location of the Site is presented on Figure F1 and the layout/boundary of the Site is presented in Figure F2.

The purpose of the DGI is to fill in identified data gaps for the area of Blocks 4 and 5 that lie within the Declaration Area so the site is sufficiently characterised to allow preparation of a quantitative human health and ecological risk assessment (HHERA), development of a revised remedial action plan (RAP) which describes the remediation strategy to be implemented by LLD as part of its proposed Stage 1 Development of the Barangaroo precinct and commencement of remediation treatability and pilot trials.

This SAQP presents the Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) developed for the investigation, defines the scope of works to be carried out, the sampling methodologies and presents the specific quality assurance and quality control measures to be undertaken during the investigation works on the Site.

1.2 Data Quality Objectives In determining the type, quantity and quality of data needed to support decisions relating to the environmental condition of the Site, AECOM has undertaken the seven-step process to develop the DQOs in accordance with NSW DEC (2006). In developing the DQOs for the investigation an initial phase of review was necessary to appraise relevant and available background information and to develop a preliminary conceptual site contamination model identifying the areas of the Site that required investigation for the purpose of assessing the requirements for either the management and/or remediation during the re-development of the Site. These matters are addressed in the DQOs presented below.

1.2.1 Step 1 State the Problem

The Site (refer Figure F2) was used to manufacture gas from approximately 1840 to 1921. It is understood that some of the former gas works infrastructure remains in place underlying the current slab and adjacent roadway (Hickson Road). Contamination has been reported in fill material, soil and groundwater underlying the Site, adjacent portions of Barangaroo and sediment in the adjacent Darling Harbour. The Site (and surrounding area) has been the subject of reclamation activities over the years, which appear to have consisted of placement of greater than 20 metres of fill material in some areas immediately west of the Site. Fill thicknesses in the Declaration Area are more in the order of 12 metres maximum.

It is understood the Block 4 and 5 portion of the Site is to be redeveloped for mixed residential (with basement car park) and commercial land use as well as remediated to the extent that the declaration can be removed. The declaration (NSW DECCW 2009) states:

The EPA has considered the matters in s.9 of the Act and for the following reasons has determined that the site is contaminated in such a way as to present a significant risk of harm to human health and the environment:

Groundwater on the site has been found to be contaminated by TPHs, PAHs, BTEX, ammonia, phenol and cyanide at concentrations significantly exceeding the relevant trigger values for the protection of human health and aquatic ecosystems in the Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (ANZECC and ARMCANZ, 2000).

These groundwater contaminants include human carcinogens and substances toxic to aquatic ecosystems.

The contaminated groundwater is impacting on the surrounding areas including the basement of a residential building adjacent to the site, potentially exposing humans in that building to harmful vapours; however it is currently being effectively controlled.



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Contaminated groundwater is likely to be migrating from the site to Darling Harbour and could ultimately affect aquatic ecosystems.

AECOM has been provided with a number of reports on sub-surface investigations previously conducted at Barangaroo (some of which relate to the Site), including the following:

ARUP. 2008. Barangaroo Development, East Darling Harbour Geotechnical Desk Top Study. 28 October. ERM. 2008c. Draft Stage 2 Remedial Action Plan for Barangaroo, Hickson Road, Sydney. September. ERM. 2008b. Preliminary Sediment Screening Works at East Darling Harbour, Adjacent to Barangaroo,

NSW, Draft, Rev 03. August. ERM. 2008a. Additional Investigation Works at Barangaroo, Hickson Road, Millers Point, NSW. July. ERM. 2007. Environmental Site Assessment, East Darling Harbour, Sydney, NSW, Final Report. 21 June. Coffey Environments. 2008. Preliminary Environmental Investigation, 30-38 Hickson Road, Millers Point,

NSW 2000. 12 May. Jeffery & Katauskas. 2006. Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed Redevelopment of Wharves 3-8 at

Hickson Rd, Darling Harbour East NSW. AECOM 2010. Barangaroo Data Gap Investigation, proposed Blocks 1 to 3, Hickson Road, Millers Point,

NSW. DGI in progress; ARUP Geotechnics, 1986. Upgrading Wharf 7/8 Darling Harbour, Geotechnical Site Investigation. January

1986. ARUP (2008). Barangaroo Development, East Darling Harbour Geotechnical Desk Top Study. 27 October. LLD supplied CD, 2010. BDA Supplied Historical Work As Executed Drawings for the Former Wharf

Structures at Berths 3 to 8, Barangaroo. CD dated 21 January. LLD supplied CD, 2010. Geotechnical Information - Barangaroo Area (including CBD Metro Geotechnical

and Environmental Investigations, completed by Coffey). CD dated 21 January. Coffey Environments, 2008. Preliminary Environmental Investigation, 30-38 Hickson Road, Millers Point,

NSW 2000. 12 May; ERM, 2008. Draft Stage 2 Remedial Action Plan for Barangaroo, Hickson Road, Sydney. September 2008; ERM, 2008. Preliminary Sediment Screening Works at East Darling Harbour, Adjacent to Barangaroo,

NSW, Draft, Revision 03. August; ERM, 2008. Additional Investigation Works at Barangaroo, Hickson Road, Millers Point, NSW. July; ERM, 2007. Environmental Site Assessment, East Darling Harbour, Sydney, NSW, Final Report. 21 June; Headland Park Concept Plan http://majorprojects.planning.nsw.gov.au/page/project-sectors/residential--

commercial---retail/?action=view_job&job_id=2636 Jeffery and Katauskas, 2006. Geotechnical Report development of Wharves 3-8 at East Darling Harbour.

August 2006. Lend Lease Scheme CAD files provided to AECOM in December 2008. Lend Lease concept plans relating to material / retention and reuse at Barangaroo.

The documents and reports listed above indicate that numerous environmental investigation and geotechnical assessment works have been undertaken at Barangaroo since 2007, which have identified contamination in soil and groundwater associated with the historical presence of a gas works, land reclamation activities and historical ship berthing activities. A number of subsurface features such as caisson walls have also been documented.

The ERM (2007) report included an investigation into the historical use of the Site. The report identified that the Barangaroo area has a long history of commercial and industrial land uses dating back to the early 19th century as summarised below.



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Table 1: Barangaroo History Summary

Year Site Ownership / Usage

1840-1921 A gas works operated by the Australian Gas Light (AGL) Company was present at Barangaroo. The identified gas works infrastructure underlie the Site (refer Figure F2).

1922 to 1925 Gas holders and purifier beds associated with the AGL gas works were demolished to ground level and gas holding tanks backfilled. Tarry residues were reportedly present in the gas holder pit. Following demolition, the former gas works area was reportedly used by the Maritime Services Board for workshops and stores.

1925-1936 The Site continued to be used for ship berthing and associated commercial activities.

1936 to 1988

Barangaroo continued to be used for a variety of commercial purposes. Finger wharves which were historically present on and adjacent to the Site were reclaimed with fill of unknown origin between 1951 and 1972.

1998 to 2009 The surrounding area continued to be used by Sydney Ports Corporation for use as a Passenger Terminal. Since 1999 portions of the Site have been used to host events including conventions, exhibitions and public entertainment when the facility is not in use as a passenger terminal.

The ERM (2007, 2008a) reports identified the following soil and groundwater conditions at the Site and surrounding area:

Soil contamination: Concentrations of contaminants of potential concern (CoPC) above the adopted Site Assessment Criteria (SAC)1 were identified for lead, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and sulfate in soil and fill material. The highest concentrations of reported contamination were identified in the vicinity of the former AGL gas works.

Groundwater contamination: Concentrations of CoPC above the adopted SAC were generally identified for dissolved TPH (C6-C36), BTEX, PAH and Metals. The highest reported concentrations were generally detected within the former gas works area.

Given the above and the proposed redevelopment of the Block 4 and 5 area of the site, the purpose of the DGI is to fill in identified data gaps related to the Declaration Area that sufficiently characterises the Site to allow preparation of a quantitative human health and ecological risk assessment (HHERA), commencement of remediation treatability and pilot trials and development of a revised remedial action plan (RAP) which describes the remediation strategy to be implemented so that:

The Block 4 and 5 portions of the site can be made suitable for residential/commercial land use; and The declaration can be removed.

The objectives of the Declaration Area DGI are as follows.

Complete a DGI with a scope, extent and test frequency that will result in a data set (including both current and new data) suitable for:

1 Adopted Site Assessment Criteria were generally generic guidelines made or approved by NSW EPA.



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- Developing an appreciation of soil and groundwater contamination (including assessment of acid sulfate soils - ASS) to assist planning of the proposed remediation strategies and commencement of remediation treatability trials;

- Development of contaminant fate and transport modelling, if required; - Development of a HHERA demonstrating what soil and groundwater contamination will represent an

acceptable risk if reused as part of the development (including placement in Headland Park); and - Supporting the further development, refinement, costing and design of the remediation strategies and

associated environmental management measures, including preparation of a detailed RAP and final RWP.

The investigation needs to address the following issues:

Historical use of the Site with respect to the presence of potentially contaminating activities; Identification of the potential areas of concern and potential chemicals of concern at the Site; Characterisation of the fill, soils, soil vapour, surface water and groundwater present at the Site with respect

to contamination; and Leachability of the different soil/fill types identified on the Site with respect to migration of contaminants to

Darling Harbour. In summary, contaminated media at the site includes:

Fill material; Natural Soil; Bedrock; Groundwater; and Soil vapour (likely but not confirmed in the current data set). Potential receptors at the site and surrounding area include: Darling Harbour; Site workers; Site visitors; Surrounding/adjacent workers and residents; and Future residents and site occupants.

Data gaps include:

Limited sampling in areas of the site on a development block by block basis; Vertical and lateral delineation of contamination requiring remediation/management; and Lack of soil vapour data.

The roles of the stakeholders involved in the overall project will be as follows:

Barangaroo Delivery Authority – Land owner of the Barangaroo site and Authority responsible for delivering the overall Barangaroo site redevelopment project;

NSW Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water – Regulator for the declared Remediation Site;

The Council of the City of Sydney – Land owner of Hickson Road; Site Auditor (Graeme Nyland) – responsible for signing off on site remediation and site suitability; Jemena – Legacy owner of the former gas works; Other neighbouring properties; Lend Lease – For the purposes of this SAQP, the Developer of Stage 1 land adjacent to and within (Block 4)

the Declaration Area; and AECOM – Environmental/remediation consultant/contractor for the Developer.



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1.2.2 Step 2 Identify the Decisions

The decisions to be made based on the results of the investigation program are as follows:

Is there sufficient information on the distribution and characteristics of soil and fill requiring remediation and/or management to allow detailed remedial planning to progress?

Do the findings of the investigation provide a data set that will be able to be used to assess the risk of material that will remain in-situ and the potential future liability of this material?

Are there sufficient data to determine if an acid sulfate soil management plan is required and to develop such a plan if it is required?

Do the findings of the investigation provide a higher level of understanding and certainty on the source of identified contamination (if any)?

Do the findings of the investigation provide sufficient data that will enable an assessment of remedial screening options for contaminated soils and fills requiring management?

Are there sufficient and definitive Site data to enable remedial cost estimates to be refined? What additional data are required to determine and support a preferred remedial solution? Are there sufficient and definitive Site data to enable the development of an excavation plan, including waste

classification of the material to be excavated for the redevelopment of Blocks 4 and 5 (e.g. ex situ stabilisation, if required)?

Are there sufficient data to enable the subsequent development of a quantitative human health and ecological risk assessment?

1.2.3 Step 3 Identify Inputs to the Decisions

The inputs required to make the above decisions are as follows: Geological data and information relevant to subsurface structures; Hydrogeological data; Concentrations of chemicals of concern in different fill/soil types; Concentrations of chemicals of concern in soil vapour near the former gas works; Concentrations of chemicals of concern in groundwater; Observation data for presence of building materials or other waste materials including materials potentially

containing asbestos, separate phase liquids, staining, odours and discolouration of the soil media; Observation data for presence of separate phase liquids, odours and discolouration of the groundwater and

surface water media; and Distribution of identified contamination both laterally and vertically.

1.2.4 Step 4 Define the Study Boundaries

The boundaries of the investigation have been identified as follows: Spatial boundaries – The investigation boundary is generally limited to the Declaration Area, as shown on

Figure F2 and includes the portion of Blocks 4 and 5 within the Declaration Area, although it is acknowledged that additional down gradient groundwater data will be necessary (discussed below).

For the purposes of the investigation AECOM has adopted the same boundaries as listed above and as presented on Figure F2.

Temporal boundaries – The temporal boundaries of the investigation have been determined based on an assessment of the reliability of the data from the previous investigations. As the data from the previous investigations will be relied upon for the purposes of the investigation then the temporal boundary of the investigation will be from 2007 to the date of the current investigation. Consideration has also been given to groundwater fluctuations associated with tidal variations resulting from the proximity of the Site to the adjacent harbour.

Constraints within the study boundaries – The following issues present limitations upon the sampling strategy for the Site: - Access restrictions associated with on-site buildings; and - Location of underground services and sub-surface structures (e.g. caissons, sea walls, blocky fill etc.).



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1.2.5 Step 5 Develop a Decision Rule

The decision rules for this investigation are as follows: 1) If a review of the data obtained from this and previous investigations indicate a degree of uncertainty

on contamination delineation and distribution, then the proposed remedial strategies will be refined to provide remediation and/or management of those uncertainties and limitations with respect to the proposed redevelopment.

2) If it is determined that additional information is required to further reduce the uncertainties associated with the distribution and characteristics of soil and fill requiring remediation and/or management, with respect to the proposed redevelopment, then appropriate recommendations for further technical assessment or investigation will be provided.

1.2.6 Step 6 Specify Limits on Decision Errors

The acceptable limits on decision errors to be applied in the investigation and the manner of addressing possible decision errors have been developed based on the Data Quality Indicators (DQIs) of precision, accuracy, representativeness, comparability and completeness (PARCC) and are presented in Section 2.8.3 of this SAQP.

The tolerable limits on decision errors are as follows: Probability that 95% of data will satisfy the DQIs, therefore a limit on the decision error will be 5% that a

conclusive statement may be incorrect. In applying statistical analysis of a data set:

- No individual sample result should have a concentration that exceeds 250% of Site assessment criteria;

- A normal distribution will only be used if the coefficient of variance is not greater than 1.2; and - The standard deviation of a sample population should not exceed 50% of the Site assessment criteria.

The potential for significant decision errors are to be minimised by completing a robust Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) program and by completing an investigation that has an appropriate sampling and analytical density for the purposes of the investigation and that the representative sampling is undertaken.

1.2.7 Step 7 Optimise the Design for Obtaining Data

The historical use of the Site for various industrial and commercial activities, including the presence of a former gas works underlying the Site and extensive filling and land reclamation works, present the potential for contamination to be present on the Site. Given the history of the Site, and based on information from previous environmental investigations and the general contamination history the chemicals of potential concern include, but may not be limited to, heavy metals, PAHs, TPH, BTEX, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticide (OPPs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), cyanide and asbestos. Many of these chemicals may be mobile within the unconsolidated fill materials and able to migrate vertically to the bedrock and laterally to the waters of Darling Harbour. AECOM notes that the presence of contaminated sediment identified in the harbour adjacent to the Site (ERM, 2008b) supports this assertion. The overall design of the investigation on the Site requires considerations of these factors.

Information provided in the previous steps has been considered during the design of the investigation program and further detailed in the scope of work, the sampling and analytical plan and field and laboratory methodologies to be applied are documented in Section 0, Section 2.3, Section 2.5 and Section 2.6 of this SAQP.



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2.0 Sampling, Analytical and Quality Plan Based on the Site’s historical use and the general contamination history within this area of Sydney, potential sources of contamination on the Site are likely to relate to the industrial uses of the Site and the fill materials imported onto the Site. Similarly, the potential chemicals of concern include, but may not be limited to, heavy metals, PAHs, TPH, BTEX, PCBs, OCPs, SVOCs, cyanide, sulfate and asbestos. The potential for the migration of these contaminants both vertically to bedrock and laterally to the nearest receptor, Darling Harbour, is likely to be directly affected by the previously reported, variable and unconsolidated nature of fill materials present on the Site.

The design of the investigation program has been developed based on the conceptual Site contamination model developed through the seven-step DQO process and on the definitions and limitations on the type, quantity and quality of data needed to satisfy the objective of the investigation as detailed in the DQOs.

The sampling, analytical and quality plan developed for the investigation is presented below.

2.1 Site Information 2.1.1 Site Description and Current Land Use

The Site is open currently occupied by extensive paved areas which surround the building to the north, south, east and west. Some limited landscaping is also present to the south and east. The location of the Site is presented on Figure F1 and the layout of the Site is presented on Figure F2. The Site incorporates the part of Hickson Road that is included in the Declaration Area.

2.1.2 Proposed Land Use

The developable area within the Declaration Area includes the following:

Block 4 – Mixed commercial/residential; Block 5 – Mixed commercial/residential (but not as part of the Stage 1 development);

2.1.3 Surrounding Land Use

The Site is located on the eastern side of Darling Harbour, to the north of King Street Wharf and west of Hickson Road, Millers Point and forms the central portion of the Barangaroo area, which is located in the western portion of Sydney’s CBD (Figure F1).

2.1.4 Topography and Drainage

The ERM (2007) report states that the Site was generally flat as a result of being cut and filled for its current purpose. The elevation of the Site reportedly varies from approximately 2 to 3 m Australian Height Datum (AHD).

AECOM considers that it would be likely that stormwater from the Site would drain into Darling Harbour via stormwater drains or surface runoff. Known stormwater drains are shown on Figure F2.

2.1.5 Geology and Hydrogeology

The geotechnical investigations completed on the Site and surrounding area indicate that it the Site is underlain by manmade fill, which is underlain by marine sediment and/or Hawkesbury Sandstone and comprised of medium- to coarse-grained, quartz-rich sandstone with minor shale lenses. ARUP (2008) reports that the sandstone bedrock is likely to be variably weathered with weathering likely to extend to depth of approximately 10 metres below ground surface (m bgs).

The subsurface investigations conducted on the Site as part of the previous geotechnical and environmental investigations identified the presence of fill materials at the surface extending to depths of up to 21 m bgs generally increasing in thickness from east to west (ERM, 2007). Fill materials varied considerably and ranged from brown/grey low plasticity silty clay to brown/grey fine to coarse grained sandy gravel with fragments of concrete, brick, steel, glass, ash and igneous gravels. Cobbles and boulders were also encountered (ARUP, 2008). Natural sediments generally comprised either a high plasticity silty clay/sand with organic fibres, which may be alluvial in origin or low plasticity clayey sand/ sandy clay with ironstone fragments, which was considered likely to be of marine origin.



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AECOM considers that due to the disturbance by human activity, the Site is located in an area that can be described as part of a disturbed landscape. Given that Darling Harbour is located immediately to the west of the Site and that part of the Site was previously (prior to filling) part of Darling Harbour, it is considered that the hydraulic gradient for groundwater at the Site is likely to be to the west toward Darling Harbour, with an expected large degree of tidal fluctuation and flushing.

2.1.6 Potentially Sensitive Receptors

The Site is currently vacant and largely unused with the exception of security personnel. Parts of the Site are publicly accessible as a foreshore walk. The nearest receptor for groundwater and surface water coming from the Site is Darling Harbour, which forms part of the larger Sydney Harbour and is classified in ANZECC (2000) as a ‘highly disturbed system’.

The current potential for exposure of humans using the Site for commercial uses, to potentially contaminated fill materials and/or groundwater at the Site is limited by the presence of sealed and/or landscaped surfaces across the Site.

Given the above, the potentially sensitive receptors identified in the vicinity of the Site include:

Workers on the Site entering confined spaces or exposed to subsurface materials during maintenance work; Users of the Site where subsurface materials are exposed or able to be accessed; and Darling Harbour – (highly disturbed system ANZECC, 2000).

2.1.7 Potential Areas and Chemicals of Concern

Based on the historical review of the Site as presented in the ERM (2007, 2008) reports and the results of the limited environmental and geotechnical investigations conducted on the Site, the potential areas of concern (AEC) and associated potential chemicals of concern (COC) have been identified and are summarised in the table below. Table 2: Potential AEC and COC

Potential AEC Description of Potentially Contaminating Activity

Potential COC Comments

Entire Site Former gas works Metals, TPH, BTEX, PAHs, phenols, sulfate, cyanide, ammonia

Associated with gas works waste. Gas works contamination is likely to be concentrated nearer gas works infrastructure.

Importation of fill materials for reclamation activities

Metals, TPH, BTEX, PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, VOCs, SVOCs, Asbestos

Fill materials of unknown origin have been used for land reclamation the existing wharf areas.

Demolition of former buildings potentially containing hazardous materials

Lead, PCBs, Asbestos

Hazardous materials, including asbestos cement sheeting and lead based paints, may have been used in the construction of historical warehouses/buildings on the Site and may have been introduced to the sub-surface during demolition works or as a result of leaching or weathering while the building structures were still in place.



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Potential AEC Description of Potentially Contaminating Activity

Potential COC Comments

Reclamation activities ASS Given the proximity of the Site to Darling Harbour the potential for acid sulfate soils is present. Potential acid sulfate soils are likely to be present in the natural silts, sands and clays overlying the bedrock at depth on the Site.

2.2 Scope of Work To achieve the objective of the investigation, the following scope of work will be undertaken:

Review available existing information. Determine the quality and reliability of previous data for inclusion into the data set. Address data gaps in the Site history, if any;

Conduct underground service location across the Site including the marking and clearing of proposed drilling locations. It is understood that the north western portion of the Site is underlain by a network of a number of subsurface utilities including large stormwater drains. In addition ;

Complete 24 boreholes across the Site and collect soil samples from each borehole location; Installation of seven soil vapour probe wells, Sampling of vapour probe wells using a Summa Canisters; Convert 16 boreholes to groundwater monitoring wells; Developed the newly installed wells; Monitor groundwater and collect groundwater samples from each well location; Completion of seven test pits in identified areas of elevated gas works contamination in the Blocks 4 and 5

area within the Declaration Area for the collection of bulk samples for treatability trials; Laboratory analysis of soil, groundwater and surface water samples using National Association of Testing

Authorities (NATA) certified methods; and Prepare a DGI report discussing the methodologies used and the investigation results and conclusions

regarding the requirements for management and/or remediation of the Site during the re-development works.

2.3 Sampling and Analytical Plan The sampling and analytical plan for the investigation including sampling pattern, frequency and analysis has been developed based on the objectives of the investigation and with respect to the potential areas of concern and potential contaminants of concern identified on the Site. Final sample numbers and depths will be determined in the field based on observations and coverage required

Given the above, the number and location of boreholes and groundwater wells on the Site has been determined with regard to the following:

Requirements of the guidelines made and endorsed by NSW DECCW including the NSW EPA (1995), NSW DEC (2006) and NSW DEC (2007);

The areas of the Site where data gaps have been identified to exist; The areas on the Site that were previously reported to contain significant fill materials; The areas on the Site at which groundwater was noted to be present in the fill materials but not investigated; The areas on the Site that are able to be accessed by a drill rig; and The location of underground services.



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The sampling plan with borehole and monitoring well locations is presented on Figure F2 and the summary is presented in the table below. AECOM notes that 6 of the proposed 7 vapour wells will be placed in the Declaration Area, with one in the Public Domain area west of Block 5. Table 3: Sampling Plan Summary

Area Soil

Bores Depth

(mbgl1)

Soil Samples New GW Wells

Existing GW Wells

GW Samples Collected Analysed

Outside Declaration Area (down or cross gradient)

1 8 8 3 1 0 1

2 20 20 6 2 0 2

2 25 30 8 2 4 2

Declaration Area (inc Hickson Road)

1 15 10 2 1 3 1

4 18 72 20 2 5 4

2 20 40 10 2 3 2

2 10 20 8 2 0 2

1 8 4 2 1 0 1

9 5 45 25 3 4 9

Totals 24 249 84 16 19 24

Notes: 1. metres below ground level.

Borehole depths are based on data provided in the previous reports for the Site. Attempts will be made to drill through fill into underlying natural soil/sediment at all borehole locations in order to characterise fill materials. It is noted that previous investigations undertaken by ERM (2007, 2008) experienced significant difficulties extending all boreholes to the proposed target depth as a result of subsurface obstructions. AECOM is of the opinion that the previous investigations provide adequate depth to bedrock information.

The following table provides the summary of the soil sample analytical plan: Table 4: Soil Analytical Plan Summary

Analyte Total samples Duplicates (10%)

Triplicates (5%)

Blanks Totals

pH 45 5 3 53

Metals (M13)1 87 9 5 101

Tin2 3 0 0 0 3

Total/Free cyanide 48 5 3 56

WAD Cyanide 48 5 3 56

Chromium VI 48 5 3 56

TPH (C6-C36) 82 9 5 96

BTEX 64 7 4 20 102

PAH 64 7 4 75

Phenol 64 7 4 75

SVOC Standard level 28 3 2 33

VOCs 28 3 2 7 42



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Triplicates (5%)

Blanks Totals

Iron 25 3 2 30

TOC 26 3 2 31

asbestos 19 2 1 22

SPOCAS 4 1 1 6

ASLP (Metals and PAH) 25 3 2 30

TCLP (Metals and PAH) 25 3 2 30 1 Selected samples will be analysed for aluminium, antimony, selenium and silver in accordance with DEC (NSW) Information for the assessment of former gasworks sites, July 2005 2 Selected samples from Hickson Road to be analysed for tin. Part of Hickson Road reportedly (Coffey 2008) owned by an engineer and tin smelter in 1875 although there is no evidence that smelting occurred.

The following table provides a summary of the groundwater sample analytical plan: Table 5: Groundwater Analytical Plan Summary


Triplicates (5%)

Blanks & Rinsates

Totals

pH 31 4 2 37

Metals (M13) Ultra trace1 31 4 2 4 41

Free cyanide 30 3 2 35

WAD Cyanide 30 3 2 35

Chromium VI (ultra Trace) 31 4 2 37

TPH (C10-C36) 31 4 2 4 41

PAH Standard level2 25 3 2 30

SVOC Standard Level 25 3 2 30

SVOC Ultra trace 7 1 1 9

VOCs (includes BTEX) 31 4 2 8 45

Total Sulfur 23 3 2 28

Dissolved Iron 24 3 2 29

Nitrate 24 3 2 29

Ammonia 24 3 2 29

Total Organic Carbon 28 3 2 33

Major Anions and Cations 24 3 2 29

Minor Anions 11 0 0 11 1 Selected samples will be analysed for aluminium, antimony, selenium and silver in accordance with DEC (NSW) Information for the assessment of former gasworks sites, July 2005 2 as part of the SVOC analyses



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2.4 Site Investigation Criteria The investigation criteria for the Site have been adopted from the following guidance documents:

NSW DEC, 2006. Guidelines for the NSW Site Auditor Scheme (2nd Edition). enhealth Council, 2005. Management of asbestos in the non-occupational environment. NSW DECC 2008. Waste Classification Guidelines. Part 1: Classifying Waste. NSW DECC 2008. Waste Classification Guidelines. Part 4: Acid Sulfate Soils. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resourced

Management Council of Australia and New Zealand. (ANZECC), 2000. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality.

National Environment Protection Council (NEPC), 1999. National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure (NEPM).

NSW Acid Sulfate Soil Management Advisory Committee (NSW ASSMAC), 1998. Acid Sulfate Soils Assessment Guidelines.

NSW EPA, 1994. Guidelines for Assessing Service Station Sites. US EPA, 2009. Regional Screening Levels.

2.4.1 Soil Investigation Criteria

Application of these guidelines to the soil samples to be collected and analysed from the Site is described below.

2.4.1.1 Metals, PAHs, OCPs and PCBs

The current investigation criteria used in NSW to evaluate soil analytical results for metals, PAHs, OCPs and PCBs are provided in NSW DEC (2006) guidelines which are based on guidance provided in NEPC (1999). These guidelines present a range of Health-Based Soil Investigation Levels (SILs) and provisional phytotoxicity-based Investigation Levels (PILs) for soils which are considered to be appropriate for a range of land uses on urban Sites in NSW.

Given the proposed uses for the Blocks 4 and 5 portion of the Declaration Area, the application of the criteria as follows;

Block 4 – Development Lot (Mixed residential/commercial) - SIL2 Residential with minimal access to soil including high rise apartments and flats.

Block 5 – Development Lot (Mixed residential/commercial but not developed as part of Stage 1) - SIL2 Residential with minimal access to soil including high rise apartments and flats.

It is noted that the PILs assume application to sandy loams with a pH 6 to 8 and the soils on the Site are generally characterised as fill, clayey sands and silt, the application of the PILs has significant limitations as phytotoxicity depends on soil and species parameters in ways that are not fully understood and are intended for use as a screening guide only. Given the ultimate objective of removing the declaration and that none of the reasons NSW EPA declared were related to phytotoxicity, AECOM does not propose to adopt PILs for screening purposes.

2.4.1.2 TPH and BTEX

The NSW EPA (1994) guidelines provides investigation criteria to evaluate soil analytical results for TPH and BTEX compounds and have been developed for sensitive land use scenarios and are the only currently NSW DECCW endorsed criteria when considering the environmental impacts from these types of compounds.

The criteria provided in NSW EPA (1994) are adopted as the Site investigation criteria for TPH and BTEX in soils and are applicable across the entire Site.

2.4.1.3 VOCs and SVOCs

There are no current NSW DECCW endorsed assessment criteria for a number of VOCs or SVOCs in soil. Where the NSW DECCW endorsed guidelines do not specify criteria for the assessment of contaminant concentrations in soil, reference is made to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) (USEPA, 2009). AECOM note that these criteria have not been endorsed by NSW DECCW and are therefore used for screening purposes only.



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2.4.1.4 Acid Sulfate Soils

The current assessment guidelines for the assessment and management of ASS are provided in NSW ASSMAC (1998). These guidelines have been developed primarily of proponents of activities that are likely to disturb acid sulfate soils. The guidelines provide action criteria that trigger the need for the preparation of a management plan for the acid sulfate soils and are based on the percentage of oxidisable sulfur for broad categories of soil types.

Given that the previous investigations indicated that the silty sands and clays overlying the bedrock were potential acid sulfate soils, it is considered that the action criteria for fine texture medium to heavy clays and silty clays stated in ASSMAC (1998) are likely to apply in the assessment for acid sulfate soils across the Site. If during sampling, the residual soils that are potentially acid sulfate soils, have a different texture to that previously reported, then the appropriate action criteria for the observed soil type would be applied.

2.4.1.5 Asbestos

There are currently no national or NSW DECCW endorsed guidelines relating to human health or environmental investigation of material containing asbestos on sites. The NSW DEC (2006) guidelines require that auditors exercise their “professional judgement when assessing whether a site is suitable for a specific use in light of evidence that asbestos may be a contaminant of concern”. The enhealth Council (2005) guidelines provide some guidance on the assessment and management of asbestos in soil and recommend that where fragments of asbestos cement are found that the type of asbestos present should be confirmed by microscopy and that the whole area where fragments are located should be regarded as contaminated and action taken. The enhealth Council (2005) guidelines also state that, dependant on where fragments are located and the proportion of fragments present, it may not be necessary to measure the actual concentration present, however, in New Zealand and Western Australia an average of 0.001 percent by weight asbestos in soil has been applied.

The approach of determining the weight of asbestos fibres within asbestos cement fragments over the affected soil by applying an average of 0.001 percent by weight calculation, is considered to be a very conservative measure and not applicable for this stage of investigation on the Site. For the purposes of this investigation it is important to determine for the presence, nature and extent of asbestos. If asbestos is found to be present a recommended approach to the management of the affected soils, dependant on the extent of the asbestos contaminated soils, will be presented by AECOM at that time.

2.4.1.6 Aesthetic Conditions

In the decision-making process for assessing urban sites, presented in NSW DEC (2006), the assessment of sites that are to be used for purposes other than commercial/industrial requires the consideration of aesthetic issues in the assessment of contamination. Aesthetic issues include the generation of odours and discolouration of the soil as a result of contamination.

In accordance with NSW DEC (2006) guidelines, consideration will be given to aesthetic issues such as odour and discolouration during the investigation of soil across the Site.

2.4.2 Waste Criteria

The current criteria used in NSW to characterise waste materials for off-site disposal are provided in NSW DECC (2008) guidelines. The guidelines set different maximum total concentrations and leachable concentrations, for specific contaminants in order for waste to be classified as. ‘general solid waste’, ‘restricted solid waste’ or ‘hazardous waste’. This classification then affects the way in which the waste is handled and where the waste is able to be disposed.

For the purpose of characterising soil conditions at the Site for potential off-site disposal, soil analytical results, including the TCLP analytical results during the investigation will be compared to NSW DECC (2008) guidelines.

2.4.3 Soil Vapour Criteria

There are currently no national or NSW DECCW2 endorsed guidelines for assessment of soil vapour concentrations. Investigation levels for assessment of soil vapour results are therefore derived based on relevant ambient air quality criteria and a generic attenuation factor (AF), in accordance with the approach recommended by USEPA (2002). The AF is defined as the factor by which subsurface vapour concentrations migrating into 2 AECOM will consider the NSW DECCW (2009) Draft Guidance Note on Vapour Intrusion Draft 3 as relevant. AECOM notes that this document is a consultation draft only, not to be cited.



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above ground air spaces are reduced due to diffusive, advective or other attenuating factors (USEPA, 2002). The most conservative screening AF recommended by USEPA (2002) is 0.1 (i.e., ten-fold reduction from shallow soil vapour to above ground air), and this AF will be conservatively used for screening of both shallow and deep soil gas.

Ambient air quality criteria (to which the AF is applied) are adopted from Australian and international sources, in accordance with toxicity criteria source hierarchies recommended by NEPC (1999) and enHealth (2004). These air quality guideline sources, in order of preference, are the following:

National Environment Protection Council (NEPC), 2004. National Environment Protection (Air Toxics) Measure (NEPC, 2004).

State of Victoria, 2001. State Environmental Protection Policy (Air Quality Management). These values may be adopted in the absence of values endorsed by the NSW DECCW.

World Health Organization (WHO), 2000a. Air Quality Guidelines for Europe World Health Organization (WHO), 2000b. Guidelines for Air Quality For non-genotoxic carcinogens:

- Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) published by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).

- Reference Concentrations (RfCs) published by United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).

For known or likely genotoxic carcinogens for which inhalation unit risk (IUR) values have been published by WHO or IRIS, the air concentration corresponding to an excess incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of one in 1,000,000 (1 x 10-6). This ILCR is consistent with that adopted by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) for development of drinking water guideline values, and is considered to represent a negligible level of risk.

Where no ambient air guideline value for protection of the general population is published, occupational exposure standards published by Safework Australia are adopted. In these cases, an additional safety factor of 30 is applied to convert the time-weighted average (TWA) concentration (which assumes a worker is exposed 8 hours per day, 5 days per week) to a concentration protective of continuously exposed receptors, and to account for sensate receptors within the exposed population. This uncertainty factor (30) is that used by the State of Victoria (2001) for derivation of ambient air design criteria from occupational TWA exposure standards.

As described above, soil vapour investigation levels are calculated using the following equation:

AFILIL aasv

Where:

ILsv = Soil vapour investigation level (mg/m3)

ILaa = Ambient air guideline or investigation level (mg/m3)

AF = Attenuation factor (soil vapour to above ground air) (unitless)

It should be noted that the use of generic AFs for soil vapour screening is not considered appropriate where shallow soil vapour sources are present (e.g., less than approximately 4 m from a building foundation) and buildings have significant openings to the surface, preferential pathways or very low air exchange rates (USEPA, 2002). Soil vapour results from locations where this may apply will therefore be assessed by direct comparison with ambient air guideline values.

2.4.4 Groundwater and Surface Water Investigation Criteria

The results of the groundwater and surface water analyses are compared to the ANZECC (2000) guidelines. ANZECC (2000) provides ‘Trigger’ values for chemicals within water, which represent the best current estimates of the concentrations of chemicals that should have no significant adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem. ANZECC (2000) indicates that an exceedence of a trigger value does not necessarily imply that there is an inherent risk, rather that further assessment and monitoring may be required prior to implementing appropriate management actions. It is noted that according to ANZECC (2000), low reliability Trigger Values are Interim



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Values only because “low reliability guideline trigger values were derived, in the absence of a data set of sufficient quantity, using larger assessment factors to account for greater uncertainty”, and “low reliability values should not be used as default guidelines”. ANZECC (2000) stipulates that the identification of the receiving environment or the likely beneficial use of the water is essential for selection of the most applicable criteria.

Given the proximity of Darling Harbour to the Site, the trigger values for marine water ecosystems have been adopted for groundwater. The waters of Darling Harbour, which in proximity to the Site are used for commercial and recreational purposes as part of Sydney Harbour, can be further defined under ANZECC (2000) as a “highly disturbed system” and as such for the majority of the COCs the trigger values for protection of 95% of marine water species have been adopted and 99% protection for the bioaccumulative COCs. There is currently insufficient data to derive high reliability trigger values for various COCs and for these COCs, where applicable, the low reliability trigger values have been adopted.

There are no current NSW DECCW endorsed high reliability assessment criteria for TPH in groundwater, although an arbitrary aesthetic criterion of 10 000 ug/L (10 mg/L) is provided in the NSW EPA (1994) Guidelines. The ANZECC (2000) guidelines provide an interim low reliability value for crude oil of 7 g/L (0.007 mg/L), which is known to contain at least hundreds of hydrocarbon species. Current commercial laboratory techniques cannot quantify TPH to this concentration. For the purposes of the investigation, for groundwater samples, the laboratory detection limits have been adopted as screening values.

2.5 Field Investigation Methodology Field investigations will be undertaken in accordance with the methodologies described below.

2.5.1 Soil Investigation

2.5.1.1 Services Location and Clearance

Prior to any additional intrusive works, all borehole locations will be cleared for subsurface utilities as follows:

Contact the Dial-Before-You-Dig service and contact and/or meet with any relevant utility representatives onsite to confirm proposed sample points are clear of subsurface utilities, including, but not limited to Sydney Water – to obtain maps of sewer, stormwater and water utilities for the Site;

Locate proposed sampling points in consultation with on-site personnel and previously obtained subsurface utility maps. All sample locations will be suitably marked on the ground (e.g. paint, lumber crayon, etc). All locations will be measured from nearby building reference points; and

Clear each sampling location using a Telstra accredited, underground services location contractor.

2.5.1.2 Intrusive Work

Terra Test has been engaged to carry out the drilling operations. The drilling technique to be employed will consist of a combination of solid flight augers and/or push tube sampling methods. Auger samples will be collected using a split tube sampler. The push-tube samplers will be pushed/driven into undisturbed soil in one continuous uniform motion without rotating. Where the presence of sub surface obstructions prevent the advancement of boreholes, other techniques such as air hammer, Tubex or mud rotary drilling will be considered. The selected methodology will be determined in the field based on the depth and nature of the identified obstruction.

Based on information from previous investigations it is anticipated that selected boreholes in the footprint of the areas of Blocks 4 and 5 within the Declaration Area would be drilled to the top of bedrock or refusal (whichever is shallower). Remaining sample locations would be drilled to natural material or refusal (whichever is shallower). The depth of sampling is expected to range between 4 m mbgs in the eastern portion of the Declaration Area where bedrock is shallow to 25 m bgs west and down gradient of the Declaration Area.

For the borehole locations that are not being converted to monitoring wells it is proposed to re-instate the borehole with the soil cuttings that have been drilled out from that location in reverse order (i.e. final materials drilled out are the last to be re-instated into the borehole). The borehole will be reinstated to original surface levels and condition. Any excess soil generated from the drilling process will be collected in drums for disposal in accordance with NSW DECC (2008) guidelines.



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2.5.1.3 Soil Sampling

All boreholes will be air-knifed to a depth of one metre to expose underground services. As such no samples are proposed to be collected from the first metre.

Soil samples will be collected from 1 m bgs and then where a significant change in physical characteristics is identified to the base of fill material (where encountered), during auger drilling. Where possible, soil samples will also be collected from natural material at the interface with any overlying fill and underlying bedrock.

Continuous soil samples will be collected during push tube sampling. The soil will be collected in disposable plastic liners and representative soil samples will be transferred from liners into laboratory supplied sampling containers using a decontaminated spatula. Sub-surface soil samples will be collected directly from the undisturbed inner core of the push tube or split spoon sampling device.

All soil samples will be placed in laboratory prepared glass sampling containers using single use disposable nitrile gloves. Field duplicates and triplicates will be prepared in the field by splitting soil samples. In order to minimise the loss of volatiles samples will not be mixed or homogenised during collection or splitting and jars will be filled so as to minimise the amount of headspace.

Where materials potentially containing asbestos are noted, a sample of the material and the soil at the location that it was sampled will be collected in separate plastic zip lock bags for laboratory analysis for asbestos.

2.5.1.4 Test Pits

An excavator will be utilised to collect bulk samples for use in the treatability trials. The test pits will be extended to a depth of 5 m bgl or to the maximum reach of the excavator bucket.

The test pits will be excavated by breaking the existing concrete pavement using an excavator and hydraulic hammer over an area approximately 4m long by 1m wide. Four of the seven test pits will be located within Block 5, in areas identified by historical investigations as containing strong tar odours. Three of the seven test pits will be excavated in Block 4, in an area identified by historical investigations to contain tar and tar impacted material. The proposed test pit locations are shown on Figure F2. The test pits locations will be further refined based on preliminary observations made during the DGI.

Bulk samples will be collected from 1.5m intervals or at distinct changes in lithology or where significant contamination is present. Samples will be obtained directly from the centre of the excavator bucket, minimising contact with the walls and base of the bucket.

The completed test pits will be backfilled by returning excavated material in the order in which it was removed and backfilling the top 200mm with track rolled road base imported to the Site. Concrete removed as part of the test pit excavation (and any surplus excavation spoil) will be stockpiled for future management as part of the development works.

Test pit samples will be placed in heavy duty plastic bag lined 20 L buckets, which will be sealed with the lid and subsequently screwed and taped to minimise odours and loss of volatiles. Samples collected for S-ISCO treatability trials will be transferred into 200 L drums for transportation by air freight to Connecticut, USA for treatability trials. Samples collected for ex-situ treatability trials will transferred directly to the remediation subcontractor in Sydney.

Additional soil will be placed in a sealed plastic bag for field screening purposes. The bagged samples will be screened by a calibrated (100 ± 3 ppm isobutylene) Minirae PID, or similar, for volatile organic compounds.

2.5.1.5 Soil Sample Labelling, Storage and Transport

All samples will be clearly labelled with unique sample identification numbers consisting of the date, sample location, depth of sample and samplers initials. In the case of field duplicates and triplicates sample containers will be labelled so as to not reveal their purpose or sample location to the laboratory. All samples will be kept chilled in an ice-filled esky or dedicated site refrigerator prior to dispatch to the NATA registered laboratory under chain of custody procedures.

All samples collected will be stored at the laboratory (3 months for metals [28 days for mercury] or 14 days for organics), and could potentially be selected for analysis if further vertical delineation of identified contamination is required.



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2.5.1.6 Soil Sampling Equipment Decontamination

The decontamination procedures will be performed before initial use of re-useable equipment and after each subsequent use.

The augers used in drilling will be decontaminated using a pressurised water cleaner between each borehole location. All re-usable sampling equipment (split tube sampler and spatula) will be decontaminated between each sample by scrubbing with a solution of Decon 90 (a phosphate-free detergent) followed by a rinse in potable water. For each day of sampling, following decontamination procedures, a rinsate blank will be completed by running laboratory prepared deionised water over the re-usable sampling equipment for collection directly into laboratory prepared sampling containers for analysis.

At each sample location a new set of disposable nitrile gloves will be used to directly collect soil samples from the re-useable sampling equipment for placement into the laboratory prepared glass sampling containers.

2.5.1.7 Field Screening

For each sample depth additional soil will be placed in a sealed plastic bag and screened for head space vapours and the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), using a calibrated photoionisation detector (PID). The headspace reading will be taken at ambient temperature (not in sun) and will be recorded on the borehole logs. The PID readings will be considered in the selection of soil samples for laboratory analysis.

The PID will be calibrated with isobutylene gas at 100 ppm at the commencement of each day of sampling and if necessary during the day in accordance with the procedure provided by the supplier. Calibration records will be kept for inclusion in the investigation report.

2.5.1.8 Field Logging

Recording of logs for boreholes in the field will be conducted in accordance with AS1726-1993 and soils will be classified in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), including observation of any anthropogenic material (i.e. hydrocarbon odours, asbestos cement (AC) sheeting etc. Descriptions will be recorded on AECOM’s standard borehole and monitoring bore field log sheets for uniformity in descriptions, presentation and to aid in any future interpretations. The logs will also provide the construction details for each groundwater monitoring well.

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) system and the USCS are the general standards used by AECOM in classifying soil by visual and manual examination. The reference for the USCS system is Procedure for Determining Unified Soil Classification (Visual Method), United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) 5005-86. The reference for the ASTM system is Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure), ASTM Standard Practice D 2488-90. A comparison of USBR 5005-86 and ASTM D 2488-90 indicates no technical differences between the two methods except for the size of the soil specimens for the manual dry strength test (6.35 mm for USCS and 12.7 mm for ASTM).

2.5.1.9 Soil Vapour Sampling

Seven vapour probe wells will be installed to a maximum depth of 2.5 m bgl or immediately above the water table, as outlined below.

Three soil vapour probes will be constructed with screens at 0.5 m bgl (sub-slab) and 2.5 m bgl. The remaining four will be constructed with screens at 2.5 m bgl.

A total of 10 primary soil vapour samples will be collected using Summa Canisters, comprising two each from the three nested wells and one each from the remaining single level wells.

For the purposes of QA/QC assessment one duplicate sample will also be collected.

The samples will be analysed for the standard USEPA TO14A VOC Target Analyte list (which incorporates 40 defined analytes) by the TO15 method, as well as for naphthalene. .

Based on the above, soil vapour samples will be collected from 10 permanently installed AMS gas vapour tips from seven locations. The installation and sampling for the vapour assessment will be conducted in general accordance with guidance from the Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC, 2007). Vapor Intrusion Pathway: A Practical Guideline, which is summarised in the table below.



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Table 6: Soil Vapour Assessment Methodology

Activity Details

Drilling Boreholes to be drilled using a small diameter push tube to enable the intake of the gas vapour tip to be placed immediately adjacent the side of the borehole.

Vapour Tip Installation

Gas vapour tips will be permanently installed by lowering the deeper probe and accompanying 0.25 inch Teflon® tubing into the borehole to the required depth (approximately 5 m). Clean sand will be placed around the probe to ensure adequate airflow and a bentonite grout seal will be inserted between the probes to ensure the soil gas collected was from the specified depth. The second probes (on nested vapour probes) will be installed above a grout plug (at approximately 2.5 m depth), surrounded by a sand filter, and grouted to surface. The sampling tubes from each of the vapour tips will be labelled and left protruding from the well. The tubing will be sealed with a vapour cap for a minimum period of seven days prior to sampling to allow for equilibrium with the soil gas.

Leak Testing The sampling train will be set up with a ball valve immediately prior to the Summa canister connector to enable purging and leak testing. Leak testing will be conducted prior to sampling using isopropanol with Gastec detector tubes (reporting 0.02 to 5.0% isopropanol). An isopropanol soaked rag will be wrapped around the top of the well and the sampling line purged and sampled with the Gastec hand pump via the purge line. The procedure will be repeated for all connections and for each well prior to sampling.

Well Sampling Samples will be collected using stainless steel, six litre Summa canisters with stainless steel flow controller attachments provided and calibrated by the contract laboratory. The Summa canisters will be fitted with an 8 hour regulator, allowing for collection of a soil vapour sample at a constant rate over the 8 hour sampling period. This method allows for collection of a time-weighted average air concentration.

2.5.1.10 Survey of Boreholes

The location of each borehole and adjacent ground level will be surveyed by a registered surveyor with reference to the Australian Height Datum (AHD) and Australia Map Grid (AMG) to allow for reliable calculations of depth of fill materials and bedrock.

2.5.2 Groundwater Investigation

2.5.2.1 Monitoring Well Installation

Groundwater monitoring wells will be constructed using machine slotted (0.5mm aperture), 50mm uPVC screens, placed from 1 m above the estimated standing water level (SWL) of groundwater to the base of the well. The wells will be installed to an estimated depth of 10 m bgs and screened across the fill material in some cases. In others, a short screen length with a sump may be placed at the bottom of the borehole at the bedrock interface. The final screen design will be based on the fill and soils encountered, the depth at which groundwater is encountered and the type and extent of contamination, including the potential presence of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) that may have been noted during the drilling of the borehole. It is noted that the water quality of the entire saturated column is required for dewatering treatment information in some areas, if deeper excavations occur for source removal.

Prior to installation, the total depth of the borehole will be measured with a weighted tape. The monitoring well casing will be lowered in the borehole and suspended. Graded filter sand (2mm diameter) will be added to the annulus between the uPVC casing and the wall of borehole to approximately 0.5 metres above the top of the screened interval. A minimum 0.5 m hydrated bentonite seal will be added above the filter sand. All wells will be finished with a lockable metal cap and concrete encased steel cover that is traffic rated and flush to grade.

2.5.2.2 Monitoring Well Development

Newly constructed groundwater monitoring wells will be developed using either dedicated Teflon foot valves and low density polyethylene (LDPE) polytube or an electronic high volume submersible pump and will entail the removal of accumulated sediment and groundwater from the monitoring well and surrounding aquifer. The pumping process generated will create a surging action that promotes groundwater inflow to the monitoring well.



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Groundwater collected during well development and purging will be disposed to drums, provided the collected water does not contain NAPLs. Monitoring wells containing NAPLs will be not be purged or sampled for groundwater, although a sample of the NAPL may be obtained for analysis and treatability. At the conclusion of the investigation the contents of the drums will be disposed in accordance with relevant NSW DECCW guidelines.

2.5.2.3 Groundwater Purging and Sampling

After allowing the wells to equilibrate for a minimum of seven days, water levels will be measured using an oil/water interface probe and the standing thickness of any NAPLs will also be measured and recorded. The groundwater monitoring wells will then be purged using low flow methods using a peristaltic pump or dedicated Teflon foot valves and LDPE polytube.

The well volume will be calculated prior to purging, including the volume of water in the casing and the surrounding gravel pack. Should the monitoring wells yield sufficient water, purging of the monitoring wells will continue until these parameters become relatively consistent between successive readings (generally ± 10%, but a minimum of three monitoring well volumes will be purged if sufficient water is available). At the completion of purging, the water level will be recorded with an oil/water interface probe. Purged water will be stored in drums for disposal as described above.

Following purging, groundwater will be sampled from each monitoring well using low flow methods using a peristaltic pump or dedicated Teflon foot valves and LDPE polytube. This technique will minimise the loss of volatile compounds from the groundwater sample as aeration of the sample is reduced and the sample is able to be collected within the screened interval and not at the top of the groundwater column.

Groundwater samples will be carefully decanted into laboratory supplied, appropriately preserved containers as per analytical method. Sample container will be filled in the order of most volatile to least volatile. Samples to be collected for metals analysis will be field filtered using a 0.45um filter prior to collection into sampling container. Field duplicates and triplicates will be also prepared in the field.

2.5.2.4 Groundwater Sample Labelling, Storage and Transport

All samples will be clearly labelled with unique sample identification numbers consisting of the date, sample location and samplers initials. In the case of field duplicates and triplicates sample containers will be labelled so as to not reveal their purpose or sample location to the laboratory. All samples will be kept chilled in an ice-filled esky or dedicated site refrigerator prior to dispatch to the NATA registered laboratory under chain of custody procedures.

2.5.2.5 Groundwater Sampling Equipment Decontamination

The decontamination procedures will be performed before initial use of re-useable equipment and after each subsequent use.

All re-usable sampling equipment (water quality meters, oil/water interface probe) will be decontaminated between each sampling and measurement event, by scrubbing with a solution of Decon 90 (a phosphate-free detergent) followed by a rinse in potable water. For each day of sampling, following decontamination procedures, a rinsate blank will be completed by running laboratory prepared deionised water over the re-usable sampling equipment for collection directly into laboratory prepared sampling containers for analysis.

At each well location a new set of disposable nitrile gloves will be used to during the collection of groundwater samples into the laboratory prepared glass sampling containers.

If not appropriately wrapped in clean plastic, the well casing, screen, couplings, and caps used in monitoring bore installation will be decontaminated prior to installation.


Field water quality parameters including temperature, electric conductivity (EC), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and redox potential (redox) will be measured during groundwater purging and at sampling with field water quality meter. Field observations regarding sheen, odour and discoloration will also be recorded.

Descriptions will be recorded on AECOM’s standard groundwater sampling field sheets for uniformity in descriptions, presentation and to aid in any future interpretations and will include the following information:

Sampler(s);



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Monitoring well ID; Date/time of gauging/purging/sampling; Measured Standing Water Level in well to TOC. Before, during, and after development/purging and at time

of sampling; Measured total depth of well; Field chemistry (pH, EC, DO, Eh, Temp) recorded during purging; Total volume of water removed from the well and rate of removal; Purging/Sampling method; and Observations on the sampled water (e.g. colour, turbidity, odour, sheen etc).

The field water quality meter will be calibrated against known standards, as supplied by the manufacturer, at the start of each day of groundwater sampling. Calibration records will be kept for inclusion in the report on the investigation.

2.5.2.7 Survey of Monitoring Wells

The top of each monitoring well casing and adjacent ground level will be surveyed by a registered surveyor with reference to the Australian Height Datum (AHD) and Australia Map Grid (AMG) to allow reliable calculation of groundwater flow direction.


Field water quality parameters including temperature, electric conductivity (EC), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and redox potential (redox) will be measured at each sampling location with field water quality meter. Field observations regarding sheen, odour and discoloration will also be recorded.

Descriptions will be recorded on AECOM’s standard sampling field sheets for uniformity in descriptions, presentation and to aid in any future interpretations and will include the following information:

Sampler(s); Location of sample collection; Date/Time of gauging/purging/sampling; Field chemistry (pH, EC, DO, Eh, Temp) recorded during purging; and Observations on the sampled water (e.g. colour, turbidity, odour, sheen etc).

The field water quality meter will be calibrated against known standards, as supplied by the manufacturer, at the start of each day of groundwater sampling. Calibration records will be kept for inclusion in the report on the investigation.

2.5.3 Intertidal Study

An intertidal study will be conducted to support the HHERA and will include installation of specific monitoring wells and data loggers. The details of the methodology and sampling regime will be provided as an addendum to this SAQP once finalised.

2.6 Laboratory Methodology Primary, intra-laboratory duplicate, inter-laboratory duplicate rinsate and trip spike samples will be submitted to either Labmark laboratory located in Asquith NSW analysis or ALS Environmental laboratory located in Smithfield NSW. The selected laboratories are National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) certified for the analysis required.

The selection of samples for analysis will be based on field observations and will be conducted in accordance with the analytical program presented in Table 4 and Table 5.

Laboratory analysis will be conducted in accordance with the requirements of NEPM and are referenced to USEPA and APHA methods. The analytical schedule, laboratory methods, laboratory limits of reporting (LORs) and reference methods to be applied for the investigation are detailed in Table 7 and Table 8 below.



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Table 7: Soil Analytical Methods

Analysis Labmark Limit of

Reporting

Labmark Reference method

ALS Limit of

Reporting

ALS Reference method

Metals suite comprising arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu),manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn).

0.1 - 5.0 mg/kg (Al – 10 mg/kg)

Acid Digestion/ICPAES (APHA 20th 3120-(USEPA SW846, 6010)

1 – 5 mg/kg, (Ba 10 mg/kg) (Al – 5 mg/kg)

Acid Digestion/ICPAES (USEPA 220.2 mod.) (Al – ICPMS)

Mercury (Hg) 0.1 mg/kg Acid Digestion/CV-FIMS (APHA 20th 3120-USEPA SW846, 6010)

0.1 mg/kg Acid Digestion/CV-FIMS (USEPA 220.2 mod.)

Chromium VI 1 mg/kg Buffered Alkali Digestion/colourimetry – diphenylcarbazide (APHA 21st –USEPA 3060a)

0.5 mg/kg Alkaline Digestion (USEPA SW846)

Free cyanide 1 mg/kg Neutral extraction, diffusion and colour metric determination. (ASTM Designation: D4282 and ALHA 21st Ed)

1 mg/kg APHA 4500-CN C&N

WAD Cyanide 1 mg/kg (APHA 20th 3120-(USEPA SW846, 6010)

1 mg/kg APHA 4500 –CN I&N

Iron 10 mg/kg Microwave digestion with nitric and HCL digestion

50 mg/kg Acid Digestion/ICPAES (USEPA 220.2 mod.)

pH 0.1 pH Electrode 0.1 pH Electrode

PAHs 0.5-1.0 mg/kg

Mechanical Agitation/GCMS (USEPA 8270)

0.5 mg/kg Mechanical Agitation/GCMS (USEPA 8270)

TPH C6-C9

0.2 – 10 mg/kg

PT-GC/FID (USEPA 5030/3510/8015)

2 mg/kg P&T/GC/MS (USEPA 5030/8260)

TPH C10-C36

50 – 100 mg/kg

GC/FID (USEPA 3510/8015)

50 -100 mg/kg


BTEX 0.2-1 mg/kg Methanol Extraction/P&T/GC/MS (USEPA5030/8260) (USEPA8015)

0.2 – 0.4 mg/kg

GC/MS (USEPA 5030/8260)

OCPs 0.05 – 0.2 mg/kg

GC/Dual ECD (USEPA 3510/8270)

0.05 – 0.2 µg/kg

GC/ECD/ECD/MS (USEPA 3510/8270)



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Reporting

Labmark Reference method

ALS Limit of

Reporting


PCBs 0.5 mg/kg GC/Dual ECD (USEPA 3510/8270)

0.1 mg/kg GC/ECD/ECD/MS (USEPA 3510/8270)

ASS 0.02% S POCAS Digest, titration and ICP – In house method

0.02% S POCAS – Ahern et al (2004)

VOCs 0.2-5 mg/kg PT-GC/MS 0.2 – 5 mg/kg

USEPA 5030/8260 P&T/GC/MS

SVOCs 0.5 – 10 mg/kg

Analysis by GC/MS (SCAN)

0.2 – 5 mg/kg

USEPA 5030/8260 P&T/GC/MS

Asbestos* ND/D PLM & Disp Staining NA NA

TCLP – metals and PAHs Metals – 0.1-5 µg/L PAHs – 0.01 – 0.02 µg/L (TL)

Tumbling (USEPA 1311) ICP-AES (metals) GC/MS (PAH’s)

Metals – 0.05-0.1 mg/L PAHs – 0.05- 1 µg/L

(USEPA 1311) ICP-AES (metals) (USEPA 6010) GC/MS (PAHs)

Table 8: Groundwater/surface water analytical methods


Reporting

Labmark reference method

ALS Limit of

Reporting


Metals suite comprising arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu),manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn)

Selected samples Aluminium (Al), Antinomy (Sb), Selenium (Se) and Silver (Ag).

All 5 µg/L except, Al – 10 µg/L

Microwave digestion with nitric acid ICPMS (USEPA 6020)

As, Cr, Mn, Ni, Sb, V – 0.5 µg/L Ba, Cu – 1 µg/L Ag, Be, Co, Pb – 0.1 µg/L Cd, Co & Pb 0.2 µg/L Se – 2 µg/L Zn – 5 µg/L Al – 10 µg/L

IORC/ICP/MS Octopole Reaction Cell (APHA 3125B)

Hg 0.01µg/L CV-FIMS (APHA 3112)

0.0001 mg/L CV-FIMS (APHA 3112)

Dissolved Iron 0.05 mg/L ICPAES 5 µg/L IORC/ICP/MS Octopole Reaction Cell (APHA 3125B)

pH 0.1 pH Electrode 0.1 pH Electrode



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Reporting

Labmark reference method

ALS Limit of

Reporting


TPH C6-C9 1 – 50 µg/L PT-GC/FID (USEPA 5030/5035/8260)

20 µg/L P&T/GC/MS (USEPA 5030/8260)

TPH C10-C36 50 – 200 µg/L

GC/FID USEPA 3510/8015)

50 – 100 µg/L


BTEX 1 – 2 µg/L P-T/GCMS (USEPA 5030/8260)

1 – 4 µg/L P&T/GCMS (USEPA5030/8260)

PAHs/Phenols ‘0.01 – 0.02 µg/L (TL)

GC/MS (USEPA 3510/8270)

0.05 – 0.1 µg/L (UT)

GPC-GC/MS-SIM (USEPA 3640/8270)

Free cyanide 0.005 – 0.01 mg/L

Diffusion cell / Colourimetric (

0.004 mg/L APHA 4500-CNC&N

WAD Cyanide 0.01 mg/L Weak acid distillation / Colourimetric (APHA 21st)

0.004 mg/L APHA 4500-CNC&N

SVOC 2 – 20 µg/L GC/MS (USEPA 3510/8270)

2 – 20 µg/L GC/MS (USEPA 3510/8270)

VOCs (includes BTEX) 5 – 50 µg/L PT - GCMS 5 – 50 µg/L PT - GCMS

Nitrate 0.01 mg/L Colourmetric 0.01 mg/L APHA 4500

Ammonia 0.01 mg/L Colourmetric (APHA 21st)

0.01 mg/L APHA 4500-NH3- H

Major Anions (Cl, SO4, Alkalinity)

0.5 – 5 mg/L Colourmetric/IC (APHA 21st, USEPA 300.0)

1 mg/L APHA 4500, APHA 2320

Minor Anions 0.01 -0.1 mg/L

Colourmetric FIA & electrode/IC

0.01 mg/L APHA 2320, APHA 4500

Major Cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K)

0.1 mg/L ICP –OES 1 mg/L USEPA ICPAES 6010

TOC 1 mg/L Persulphate oxidation 1 mg/L APHA 5310B

Total Sulfur 1 mg/L ICPAES- microwave digestion with nitric acid

1 mg/L ICPAES –in house (APHA 3120)

List of abbreviations for Tables 7 and 8: LL = Low Level TL = Trace Level UT = Ultra Trace CV-FIMS = Cold Vapour-Flow Injection Mercury System EC = Electron Capture ECD = Electron Capture Detector FID = Flame Ionisation Detector GC = Gas Chromatography GCFID = Gas Chromatography Flame Ionisation Detector GCMS = Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ICP-AES = Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ICP-MS = Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry



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MS = Mass Spectrometry PLM = Polarised light spectrometry POCAS = Peroxide Oxidation Combined Activity & Sulfate P&T or P-T = Purge and trap

Soil vapour samples will be analysed for USEPA Method TO14A (VOCs) and for naphthalene using TO15. Following engagement of the contract laboratory full details of the vapour sampling analyses (e.g. limits of reporting, reference methods, NATA accreditation, etc) will be provided as an addendum to this SAQP.

2.7 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Plan The field and laboratory quality assurance and quality control plan to be adopted for the investigation has been designed to achieve pre-determined data quality indicators that will demonstrate that the precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness and comparability of the data set and that the data set is of acceptable quality to meet the objectives of the Site investigation.

The specific quality assurance and quality control plan for the field and laboratory components of the investigation have been developed based on the NSW DEC (2006) guidelines and are detailed below.

2.7.1 Field QA/QC

The field quality assurance procedures to be adopted and the field quality control samples to be collected during the investigation and the corresponding acceptable control limits are presented in the table below. Table 9: Field QA/QC

Data Type Comments and Acceptable Control Limits

Field personnel Use appropriately trained field personnel

Field data collection Site conditions and sample locations properly described.

Information to be recorded in field notes. Field notes are appropriately completed and included in the report on the investigation.

Sample handling (storage and transport) Soil and water samples will be collected into the sample jars and bottles supplied by the selected analytical laboratory. The filled jars and bottles will be stored on ice in a chilled, insulated container until received by the analysing laboratory.

Sample numbers, dates, preservation and analytical requirements will be recorded on Chain of Custody (COC) documentation, which will also be delivered to the analytical laboratory.

All samples are required to be documented as received by the laboratory chilled and intact.



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Calibration of Field Equipment The PID will be calibrated with isobutylene gas at 100 ppm at the commencement of each day of sampling and if necessary during the day in accordance with the procedure provided by the supplier.

The water quality meter will be calibrated against known standards, as supplied by the manufacturer, at the start of each day of groundwater sampling.

Calibration records will be kept for inclusion in the report on the investigation.

Field duplicates (Intra-laboratory)

Field triplicates (Inter-laboratory)

Intra-laboratory duplicates will be collected and analysed at a rate of 1 in every 10 primary samples.

Inter-laboratory duplicates will be collected and analysed at a rate of 1 in every 20 primary samples.

The duplicate samples will be obtained from locations suspected of being contaminated. Duplicated samples will be labelled so as to conceal their relationship to the primary sample from the laboratory.

RPD’s to be less than 50% for inorganic and organic analyses

Rinsate Blanks Rinsate blank samples (from an item of sampling equipment) will be collected and analysed at a rate of one per day of sampling. Concentrations of analytes to be less than the laboratory detection limits.

Trip blanks Laboratory prepared trip blanks will be used and analysed at a rate of one per sample batch for the soil investigation and one per sample batch for the groundwater investigation

Concentrations of analytes to be less than the laboratory detection limits.



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2.7.2 Laboratory QA/QC

The laboratory quality assurance procedures to be adopted, the internal laboratory quality control samples to be analysed and the corresponding acceptable control limits are presented in the table below. Table 10: Laboratory QA/QC


Sample Analysis All sample analyses to be conducted using NATA certified laboratories which will implement a quality control plan in accordance with NEPM (1999).

Holding times Maximum acceptable sample holding times: Soil: 14 days for organic analyses and 6 months for inorganic analyses (28 days for mercury), Groundwater/surface water: 14 days for organic analyses and 6 months for inorganic analyses (28 days for mercury)

Laboratory detection limits All laboratory detection limits to be less than the site investigation criteria.

Laboratory Blanks Laboratory blanks to be analysed at a rate of 1 in 20, with a minimum of one analysed per batch. Concentration of analytes to be less than the laboratory detection limits.

Laboratory Duplicates Laboratory duplicates to be analysed at a rate of 1 in 20, with a minimum of one analysed per batch. RPDs to be less than 50%.

Laboratory Control Samples (LCS) LCSs to be analysed at a rate of 1 in 20, with a minimum of one analysed per analytical batch. Control limits: 70 to 130 % Acceptable Recovery

Surrogates Surrogate compound concentrations will be required to be spiked at similar concentration to sample results, at a rate of 1 in 20. Control limits: 70% to 130% Acceptable recovery.

Matrix spikes Matrix spikes matrix spike duplicate prepared by dividing a field sample into two aliquots, then spiking each with identical concentrations of the analytes at a rate of 1 in 20. Matrix spike control limits: 70–130 % Acceptable recovery. Lower recoveries may be acceptable for OCPs, OPPs, PCBs and phenols and will be assessed according to USEPA protocols. Matrix spike duplicates: RPDs <50%



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2.7.3 Data Quality Indicators

Acceptance limits on field and laboratory data collected as part of this investigation have been established in Table 8 above. A summary of the DQIs and the corresponding measures to be applied for the investigation, are presented in Table 11 below.

Table 11: Summary of DQIs

DQI Field Laboratory Acceptability Limits

Prec

isio

n

Sampling methodologies appropriate and complied with. Collection of intra-laboratory duplicate and inter-laboratory duplicate samples

Analysis of: Field intra-laboratory duplicate samples (1 in 10 samples) Field inter-laboratory duplicate samples (1 in 20 samples) Laboratory duplicate samples Matrix spike duplicates

RPD of < 50% RPD of < 50% RPD of < 50% RPD of <50%

Acc

urac

y

Sampling methodologies appropriate and complied with. Collection of rinsate blanks

Analysis of: Rinsate blanks (1/day/equipment) Method blanks Matrix spikes Surrogate spikes Laboratory control samples Laboratory prepared spikes Reagent blanks Reference materials

Non-detect for CoC Non-detect for CoC 70 to 130% 70 to 130% 70 to 130% 70 to 130% Non-detect for CoC Varies

Rep

rese

ntat

iven

ess Appropriate media sampled

according to SAQP All media identified in SAQP sampled.

All samples analysed according to SAQP

Com

para

bilit

y

Same sampling methodologies used on each day of sampling Experienced sampler Climatic conditions Same types of samples collected

Same analytical methods used (including clean-up) Sample laboratory detection limits (justify/quantify if different) Same laboratories (NATA accredited) Same units

As per NEPC (1999)

< nominated criteria

Com

plet

enes

s

All critical locations and media sampled All samples collected Sampling methodologies appropriate and complied with Experienced sampler Documentation correct

All critical samples analysed and all analytes analysed according to SAQP Appropriate methods Appropriate laboratory detection limits Sample documentation complete

Sample holding times complied with

As per NEPC (1999) < nominated criteria

As per NEPC (1999)



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2.8 Reporting The findings of the contamination investigation will be presented in a report that will be prepared in accordance with the requirements of the NSW EPA (1997) and NSW DEC (2006) and will include the following:

An executive summary, providing a brief summary of the investigation’s objectives, scope of work, methodology, results, discussion, conclusions and recommendations;

A summary of the previous investigations including the results of the assessment of the reliability of the data from the previous investigations for the purposes of the investigation;

A summary of the history of the Site; Details of field investigations undertaken on the Site; Site investigation criteria; Results of field investigations and analytical results; Comparison and factual interpretation of the results with respect to the site investigation criteria; Discussion of the results of the investigation with respect to the objectives of the investigation; Provision of a full set of data tables, graphs and diagrams supporting the report findings. Inclusion of detailed field logs and records and other supporting information; and Conclusions regarding the nature and extent of contamination on the Site and the implications for the

purpose of addressing the significant contamination on the Site.



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3.0 References ANZECC, 1992. Australian Water Quality Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Waters. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council.

ANZECC, 2000. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resourced Management Council of Australia and New Zealand.

ANZECC/NHMRC. 1992. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sites. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and National Health and Medical Research Council.

ARUP, 2008. Barangaroo Development, East Darling Harbour Geotechnical Desk Top Study.

Australian Standard AS 4482.1-1997. Guide to sampling and investigation of potentially contaminated soil: Part 2: Non-volatile and semi-volatile substances. Standards Australia.

Australian Standard AS 4482.1-1999. Guide to sampling and investigation of potentially contaminated soil: Part 2: Volatile substances. Standards Australia.

enhealth Council, 2005. Management of asbestos in the non-occupational environment.

Environmental Resources Management (ERM), 2007, Environmental Site Assessment, East Darling Harbour, Sydney, NSW. Final Report, Revision 1. June 2007.

Environmental Resources Management (ERM), 2008, Additional investigation Works at Barangaroo, Hickson Road, Millers Point, NSW. July 2008.

Imray, P and G Neville, 1993. Approaches to the Assessment and Management of Asbestos Contaminated Soils. Second National Workshop on the health risk Assessment and management of Contaminated Sites, South Australian Health Commission.

NEHF, 1998. Health-Based Soil Investigation Levels. National Environmental Health Forum Monographs. Soil Series No 2. National Environmental Health Forum.

NEPC,1999. National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure (NEPM). National Environment Protection Council.

NEPC, 1999a. Guideline on the Investigation Levels for Soil and Groundwater. Schedule B(1). National Environmental Protection Measure. National Environmental Protection Council.

NEPC, 1999b. Guideline on Data Collection, Sample Design and Reporting. Schedule B(2). National Environmental Protection Measure. National Environmental Protection Council.

NEPC 1999c. Guideline on Laboratory Analysis of Potentially Contaminated Soils. Schedule B(3). National Environmental Protection Measure. National Environmental Protection Council.

NEPC, 1999d. Guideline on Health Risk Assessment Methodology. Schedule B(4). National Environmental Protection Measure. National Environmental Protection Council.

NSW ASSMAC, 1998. Acid Sulfate Soils Assessment Guidelines. NSW Acid Sulfate Soil Management Advisory Committee

NSW DEC, 2007. Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Groundwater Contamination. NSW Department of Environment and Conservation



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NSW DEC, 2006. Guidelines for the NSW Site Auditor Scheme (2nd edition). NSW Department of Environment and Conservation.

NSW DECCW. 2009. Draft Guidance Note on Vapour Intrusion Draft 3. February. Consultation Draft Only.

NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC) 2008. Waste Classification Guidelines. Part 1: Classifying Waste.

NSW EPA, 1997. Contaminated Sites: Guidelines for Consultants Reporting on Contaminated Sites. NSW Environment Protection Authority.

NSW EPA, 1995. Contaminated Sites: Sampling Design Guidelines. NSW Environment Protection Authority.

NSW EPA, 1994. Contaminated Sites: Guidelines for Assessing Service Station Sites. NSW Environment Protection Authority.


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Figures


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PROJECT ID:

LAST MODIFIED:

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Map Document: G:\Proposals\KCLendlease\Barangaroo\Data Gap Investigation Barangaroo Declared Remediation Area\SAQP\KCLendlease F1

F1

Figure

Lend Lease Development

Sampling Analysis and Quality Plan

Data Gap Investigation

Barangaroo Declared Remediation Area

Barangaroo

Hickson Road, Millers Point NSW

Site Location

0 600m

AECOM does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information displayed in this map and any person using it does so at their own risk. AECOM shall bear no responsibility or liability for any errors, faults, defects, or omissions in the information

PROJECT LOCATION

Approximate Barangaroo Development Area

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PROJECT ID:

LAST MODIFIED:

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Data ources:S

Survey Data - Lend Lease Development (2009)

Map Document: G:\Proposals\KCLendlease\Barangaroo\Data Gap Investigation Barangaroo Declared Remediation Area\SAQP\KCLendlease F2

F2

FigureLend Lease Development

Sampling Analysis and Quality Plan

Data Gap Investigation

Barangaroo Declared Remediation Area

,Barangaroo Hickson Road, Millers Point NSW

Declared Remediation Area

Proposed Sample Locations

0 50m

Site Boundary ( )

Approximate location of former gasworks infrastructure

Diaphragm wall

Sea Wall/Caisson

Drainage Line

ERM sample location

Coffey sample location (approximate only)

Declared Remediation Area

Monitoring well location

Borehole location

Soil vapour well location

Test pit location

Test pit location for ex-situ stabilisation trials

AECOM Sample Locations

KEY


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Sampling, Analytical and Quality Plan Declaration Area ... · Sampling, Analytical and Quality Plan Declaration Area – Issue 2 VMP and PDA Works NSW EPA Declaration Area 21122,