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Sampling of Private Wells forSampling of Private Wells forPesticides, Upstate NYPesticides, Upstate NY
Presentation to the NYS Presentation to the NYS
DEC Bureau of Pesticides ManagementDEC Bureau of Pesticides Management
Feb. 24, 2009Feb. 24, 2009
Tammo Steenhuis, Brian Richards Tammo Steenhuis, Brian Richards
& Steve Pacenka& Steve Pacenka
Soil & Water GroupSoil & Water GroupDepartment of Biological and Environmental Department of Biological and Environmental
EngineeringEngineering
Research project being conducted for the Research project being conducted for the DEC Bureau of Pesticides ManagementDEC Bureau of Pesticides Management
Luanne Whitbeck, Project ManagerLuanne Whitbeck, Project Manager
Sam Jackling, Section Chief - Product Sam Jackling, Section Chief - Product RegistrationRegistration
Maureen Serafini, Bureau HeadMaureen Serafini, Bureau Head
Additional Cornell personnel:Additional Cornell personnel:
Tammo Steenhuis (PD), Todd Walter (co-PI)Tammo Steenhuis (PD), Todd Walter (co-PI)
Water Resources Institute – Susan RihaWater Resources Institute – Susan Riha
Project impetusProject impetusTo answer the question:To answer the question:
““What about upstate?”What about upstate?”
more specifically:more specifically:““Are product registration reviews and Are product registration reviews and subsequent application practices subsequent application practices adequate to protect upstate adequate to protect upstate groundwater?”groundwater?”
Project goalProject goal
To assess current potential for To assess current potential for groundwater contamination by groundwater contamination by examining well water in vulnerable sites examining well water in vulnerable sites
Well water in vulnerable areas testing at Well water in vulnerable areas testing at safe levels is presumptive evidence that safe levels is presumptive evidence that groundwater is also safe elsewhere.groundwater is also safe elsewhere.
Objectives todayObjectives today
Update on findings and statusUpdate on findings and status
Where next?Where next?
Atrazine Statewide from PSURAtrazine Statewide from PSUR
All Active Ingredients AddedAll Active Ingredients Added
All Actives in NYC MetroAll Actives in NYC Metro
ProcessProcess
Discuss withSWCD and
others in county
Identify countiesof interest
Sample;analyze at
DEC & CornellBEE labs
Interpret
Recruitland owners
County Partners through 2008County Partners through 2008
Schenectady
Orange
Cayuga
Cortland
Genesee
County chosen based on chemical properties & sales+useExtensive carbonate aquifer conditionsCounty Health Department involvement
Genesee
Well selection includes aerial assessments of site vulnerabilityImmunoassays based on chemical properties & sales+use
Cayuga
Much faster DEC lab turnaroundCounty did sampling in view of distance & contactsMultiple immunoassays based on pesticide sales+useSignificant farming other than dairy
Orange
Chosen based on groundwater use and pesticide sales+useMuch improved DEC lab detection limits
Schenectady
Local cooperation and well selection approach developedDeveloped BEE lab and modeling approach
Cortland
Refinements in Successive CountiesRefinements in Successive Counties
1. Cortland: mixed urban and rural rehearsal1. Cortland: mixed urban and rural rehearsal
2. Schenectady: lots of ground water use, but 2. Schenectady: lots of ground water use, but most on public supplymost on public supply
3. Black dirt area of Orange uses 3. Black dirt area of Orange uses pesticides intenselypesticides intensely
4. Cayuga: continuous farming between4. Cayuga: continuous farming betweenbig fingersbig fingers
Genesee is flat and farmedGenesee is flat and farmed
Well SelectionWell Selection Three approaches used for locating potential Three approaches used for locating potential
sampling sitessampling sites
1) Local knowledge1) Local knowledge
-local experts &-local experts &
experienceexperience
(nitrate issues)(nitrate issues)
-existing maps &-existing maps &
databasesdatabases
-local scouting-local scouting
(drive by and now “fly-over”)(drive by and now “fly-over”)
2) Modeling2) Modeling produces maps produces maps of of relative relative vulnerabilityvulnerability for pesticide for pesticide transport based transport based on soil on soil properties ...properties ...
notnot a prediction of a prediction of actual water actual water concentrationsconcentrations
Landowner Recruitment once Landowner Recruitment once potential sites are identified:potential sites are identified:
In cooperation with SWCDIn cooperation with SWCD
Voluntary participation Voluntary participation
Free to landownerFree to landowner
ConfidentialConfidential
- DEC only sees ID code - DEC only sees ID code
- no specific reporting - no specific reporting
of identity or locationof identity or location
Tony in Orange CountyTony in Orange County
Many wells near farmsMany wells near farms
Sample before treatment ...Sample before treatment ...
Testing for ...Testing for ...
93 pesticide & herbicide active ingredients; 93 pesticide & herbicide active ingredients; @ DEC Pesticide Lab (Pete Furdyna).@ DEC Pesticide Lab (Pete Furdyna).
Selected active ingredients using higher Selected active ingredients using higher resolution immunoassay methods @ resolution immunoassay methods @ Cornell Soil & Water Group lab.Cornell Soil & Water Group lab.
Nitrate @ Cornell Soil & Water Group lab.Nitrate @ Cornell Soil & Water Group lab.
And finding ...And finding ...
DEC lab: no detectable amount of any DEC lab: no detectable amount of any active ingredient in first 120 samples active ingredient in first 120 samples (Cortland, Schenectady, Orange Counties) (Cortland, Schenectady, Orange Counties) – Detection limits are ~ 1 ug/L (1 ppb) or less Detection limits are ~ 1 ug/L (1 ppb) or less
Nitrates typical for rural NY, a few values Nitrates typical for rural NY, a few values above 5 mg/Labove 5 mg/L
more findings ...more findings ...
Immunoassays Cortland and Schenectady: Immunoassays Cortland and Schenectady: traces below quantitation limitstraces below quantitation limits
Immunoassays Orange and Cayuga: a few Immunoassays Orange and Cayuga: a few detects at 0.1 to 0.3 ppb; more traces below detects at 0.1 to 0.3 ppb; more traces below 0.1 ppb, still mostly non-detects0.1 ppb, still mostly non-detects
All far below drinking water or All far below drinking water or environmental standards.environmental standards. GOOD NEWS GOOD NEWS FOR RURAL WATER CONSUMERS.FOR RURAL WATER CONSUMERS.
BEE lab details (well counts)BEE lab details (well counts)Cortland Schen' Orange Cayuga
Nitrate-N >10 mg/L 3 0 0 06-10 8 0 1 31-5 18 7 13 13<1 11 33 26 18interference 0 0 0 6
Metolachlor detect 0trace <0.1 ug/L 5n.d. <0.1 35
Atrazine detect 0.1 - 0.3 0 3 2trace <0.1 20 1 5n.d. <0.1 20 36 33
Alachlor detect 0.1 - 0.3 1trace <0.1 1n.d. <0.1 38
Diazinon detect 0.03 - 0.06 1trace < 0.03 0n.d. < 0.03 39
Imidacloprid detect 0trace <0.2 1n.d. <0.2 39
Looking at Worse Cases: Mobility, Looking at Worse Cases: Mobility, Persistence, Geological VulnerabilityPersistence, Geological Vulnerability
Ground-Water Ubiquity ScoreGround-Water Ubiquity Score
Carbonate aquifersCarbonate aquifers
3 30 300 3000 300001
10
100
1,000
CarbofuranAtrazine
Metolachlor
Aldicarb
Alachlor
Glyphosate isopropylamine salt
Maneb
Diazinon
Imezathapyr Pendimethalin
ChlorpyrifosChlorthalonil
Ground Water Ubiquity Score
GUS=lowGUS=mediumGUS=highGUS=very highSpecific AI
Koc (cc/g) (higher = less mobile)
Hal
f lif
e (
day
s) (
hig
her=
mo
re p
ers
iste
nt)
GUS = log10 (half-life) x [4 - log10 (Koc)]
GUS ScaleGUS Scale
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
Low HighVery Low Medium Very High
* Imazethapyr * Carbofuran * Atrazine * Alachlor * Chlorothalonil* Glyphosate
GUS-Weighted Sales+UseGUS-Weighted Sales+Use
Popular Pesticides Orange Popular Pesticides Orange County (kg/yr a.i., 2000-2005)County (kg/yr a.i., 2000-2005)
Name Sales Use S+U GUS
MANCOZEB 21,000 300 21,200 1.3CHLOROTHALONIL 7,600 1,800 9,400 1.3CHLORPYRIFOS 7,900 100 8,000 0.3COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE 100 7,700 7,800 -PENDIMETHALIN 5,600 800 6,300 0.6
MANEB 6,100 200 6,200 1.3ALIPHATIC PETROLEUM.. 2,600 3,200 5,800 -ACETAMIDE, 2-CHLORO-N-..... 4,000 200 4,100 -AATRAM, COMPONENT OF (WITH 3,500 0 3,500 -CAPTAN 3,400 0 3,400 0.7
METOLACHLOR 2,300 900 3,100 3.3DITHANE (MANCOZEB) M-45 .. 2,900 0 2,900 -ATRAZINE 1,600 1,000 2,700 3.6ZINC ION AND MANGANESE ... 1,900 0 2,000 -OXAMYL 2,000 0 2,000 1.6
KARATE 100 1,900 2,000IPRODIONE 1,600 300 1,900 1.3DIMETHYLAMINE 2,4-DICHLO... 700 1,100 1,800 -SULFUR 1,800 0 1,800 -GLYPHOSATE-ISOPROPYLAMMON.. 700 900 1,700 -DIAZINON 1,100 600 1,700 1.6
Popular Pesticides Orange Popular Pesticides Orange CountyCounty
Name Sales Use S+U GUS
MANCOZEB 21,000 300 21,200 1.3CHLOROTHALONIL 7,600 1,800 9,400 1.3CHLORPYRIFOS 7,900 100 8,000 0.3COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE 100 7,700 7,800 -PENDIMETHALIN 5,600 800 6,300 0.6
MANEB 6,100 200 6,200 1.3ALIPHATIC PETROLEUM.. 2,600 3,200 5,800 -ACETAMIDE, 2-CHLORO-N-..... 4,000 200 4,100 -AATRAM, COMPONENT OF (WITH 3,500 0 3,500 -CAPTAN 3,400 0 3,400 0.7
METOLACHLOR 2,300 900 3,100 3.3DITHANE (MANCOZEB) M-45 .. 2,900 0 2,900 -ATRAZINE 1,600 1,000 2,700 3.6ZINC ION AND MANGANESE ... 1,900 0 2,000 -OXAMYL 2,000 0 2,000 1.6
KARATE 100 1,900 2,000IPRODIONE 1,600 300 1,900 1.3DIMETHYLAMINE 2,4-DICHLO... 700 1,100 1,800 -SULFUR 1,800 0 1,800 -GLYPHOSATE-ISOPROPYLAMMON.. 700 900 1,700 -DIAZINON 1,100 600 1,700 1.6
Vulnerability: CarbonateVulnerability: Carbonate
Carbonate in Cross SectionCarbonate in Cross Section
Source: USGS national ground water atlas
Western NY Carbonate + GUSWestern NY Carbonate + GUS
Carbonateaquiferuppermost
TargetingTargetingWells:Wells:
CayugaCayugaSitesSitesandand
CarbonateCarbonate
Genesee Carbonate + GUSGenesee Carbonate + GUS
Where Next?Where Next?
A sixth year is in our contract.A sixth year is in our contract.
Default place: Another western NY county, Default place: Another western NY county, where GUS-weighted pesticide use leads where GUS-weighted pesticide use leads us?us?
ContactsContacts
Tammo Steenhuis ([email protected])Tammo Steenhuis ([email protected])
Brian Richards ([email protected])Brian Richards ([email protected])
Steve Pacenka ([email protected])Steve Pacenka ([email protected])
ThanksThanksKeith Porter and Susan Riha NYS WRI directors, who Keith Porter and Susan Riha NYS WRI directors, who delegated to BEEdelegated to BEE
Cortland, Schenectady, Orange, Cayuga, and Genesee Cortland, Schenectady, Orange, Cayuga, and Genesee County Soil and Water Conservation Districts: local County Soil and Water Conservation Districts: local partnerspartners
Cornell Pesticide Management Education Program for help Cornell Pesticide Management Education Program for help using the PSUR databaseusing the PSUR database
NYS Soil & Water Conservation Committee for early NYS Soil & Water Conservation Committee for early endorsementendorsement
Cornell students Ian Toevs, Tony Salvucci, Ben Liu, Cornell students Ian Toevs, Tony Salvucci, Ben Liu, Sophia Garcia, Mike Sinkevich, Ivy Tsoi, Zia Ahmed, Karah Sophia Garcia, Mike Sinkevich, Ivy Tsoi, Zia Ahmed, Karah SpeidelSpeidel