San Jose State University Engineering 10 1

JKA & KY

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Plotting in Excel - ChartsSelect Insert → Chart Or click on Chart icon in the toolbar

Select chart type, Standard or Custom

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Column Chart

• Definition: A chart that consists of multiple columns (vertical bars), and the height of each column represents the quantity associated with the corresponding category.

• There are seven options under the Chart sub-type.

• Use this type of chart for visual comparison of the quantities associated with different categories

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Column Chart - Example

Grade # Students

Frosh 4000

Sophomore 4000

Junior 7000

Senior 7000

Graduate 8000

# Students 07

02000400060008000

10000

Grades

# St

uden

ts # Students 07

• Select “Column” under “Chart Type” (Standard) and click on “Next”. Data range is the Cells containing your data. The data should include category names and corresponding quantities, in two columns.

• Enter the cell addresses directly into the “Data range” box. Or, first click on the small red arrow at the extreme right of the “Data range” box, then highlight the data, and then click on the small red arrow again. For the question of “Series in:”, select “Columns”, because the categories and the corresponding quantities are organized in two separate columns. Click on “Next”.

• Under the “Titles” tab, enter a proper title, for example, “#s Students 07”; the Category (X) Axis could be “Grades”; the Value (Y) Axis could be “# Students”. Under “Data Labels” or other tabs, enter definitions or select preferences about the chart, if any.

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Multi-Column Chart - Example

Grade 2001 2007

Frosh 3500 4000

Sophomore 3500 4000

Junior 6500 7000

Senior 6500 7000

Grad. 7000 8000

Multiple Column Charts, for Comparison, # Students in Different Grades FOR 2 YEARS

# SJSU Students in 01 & 07

02000400060008000

10000

Grades

# Stu

dent

s # 01

# 07

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Pie Chart• Definition: A graph in the shape of a circle divided into

sectors, whose areas correspond to the proportions of the quantities.

• Application: Visual representation of relative magnitudes of a given set of quantities

Example

8000Graduate

7000Senior

7000Junior

4000Sophomore

4000Frosh

# Students

07

Grade

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Pie Chart• Select “Pie” under “Chart Type”, and click on “Next”. Data Range is the

Cells containing your data. The data should include category names and corresponding quantities.

• Enter the cell addresses directly into the “Data range” box. Or, first click on the small red arrow at the extreme right of the “Data range” box, then highlight the data, and then click on the small red arrow again. For the question of “Series in:”, select “Columns”, because the categories and the corresponding quantities are organized in two separate columns. Click on “Next”.

• Under the “Titles” tab, enter a proper title, etc. (In the example below, the title could be “Music Preference in Young Adult Ages 14-19”.) Under the “Data Labels” tab, check “Category Name” so that, in the chart legend, the different category names are color. Also check “Percentage” if you want percentages to appear by the corresponding pie sectors.

- 19

10Classical

50Country

65Rock & Roll

125Alternative

250Rap

# Students in Sample (500)

Music TypeMusic preferences in young adults ages 14

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XY Plots

XY plots are two dimensional graphs. Scientifically, it is a plot of independent variable (X) against a dependent variable (Y).

The plot is used to obtain a functional relationship between two variables

There are five options in Chart sub-type menu. The first option, where only points are plotted, is the most common type used in engineering and science fields. A curve is fitted to the plotted points to obtain the function describing the relationship between the two variable.

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XY Plots - ExamplesTest Score vs. Study Hours

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

The Number of Hours Spent on Studying for the Test

Test

Sco

re

Stress

Stress vs. Strain Curve

0255075

100125150175200225250275300325350375400425450475500525550575

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

Strain (mm/mm)

Str

ess

(MP

a)

479.14540.23876

507.66590.1778

525.59310.127

507.66590.06096

435.14220.02032

355.28470.00498

333.28310.0033

308.0220.00204

259.94450.0012

90.450910.00035

00

Strain

Test result

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XY Plots• Click on “Insert”, and select “Chart”.

• Select “XY (Scatter)” under “Chart Type”, and click on “Next”. Data Range is the Cells containing your data.

• Enter the cell addresses directly into the “Data range” box. Or, first click on the small red arrow at the extreme right of the “Data range”, then highlight the data, and then click on the small red arrow again. For the question of “Series in:”, select “Columns”, because the X values and the Y values are organized in two separate columns. Click on “Next”.

• Under the “Titles” tab, enter a proper title, a label for the X axis and a label for the Y axis.

• Click on “Next”, and then click on “Finish”.

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Fitting a Curve to Data Points (XY)

Test Score vs. Study Hours

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

The Number of Hours Spent on Studying for the TestTe

st S

core

Given the plot of test results, the question is what would be your test score if you studied for 2.5 hours, no data is available for 2.5 hours.

In order to answer the question, you have to find the function relating the test score to the number of hours spent studying.

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Fitting a Curve to Data Points (XY)

Right click on any data point and select Add Trendline from the menu.

There are six option to select from, start with your best guess and check the fit. The best fit is indicated by how close the correlation factor, R2, is to unity, the closer to 1 the better the fit.

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Fitting a Curve to Data Points (XY)

From the option menu, check the two options to display the equation and to display the R2 value.

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Fitting a Curve to Data Points (XY)

y = .2361(2.5)5 – 4.4722(2.5)4 +31.764(2.5)3 – 107.53(2.5)2 + 185(2.5) – 60

y = 75.11

Substitute x = 2.5 in the equation to find y (hours spent studying or read the y value form the graph.

4th order polynomial

6th order polynomial, the best fit

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HistogramHistogram shows the frequency of data items in successive numerical intervals of equal size (Bar chart representing a frequency distribution).

Select Data Analysis from the Tools menu

Select Histogram

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Histogram

7. Plot the intermediate two-column table as a Column Chart

Analyze Data

Plot the Result

3. Specify “Input Range” (cells containing the data)

4. Specify “Bin Range” (cells containing upper bounds of the consecutive intervals partitioning the domain). If you omit this range, then Excel will automatically create bin range.

5. Select options if desirable.

6. Click on “OK” to create an intermediate two-column data table as input to histogram plotting.

1. Click on “Tools”, and select “Data Analysis”.

2. Under “Analysis Tools”, select “Histogram” and click on “OK”.

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Histogram - Example

Test scores

Selected intervals

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Histogram - Example

Test scores frequency

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Test score

Fre

qu

en

cy

Frequency