Sandugo Magazine

5/24/2018 Sandugo Magazine

1/20

SANDUGOKASPIL2 C31 Group 6

Teenaglife in thtime o

wa

At

Ethelwo

E. Fernan

april issue

thejapanesetakeoverThe Good, The Bad& The Ugly

the

storybehindevery inkThe Symbols Behind

Every Pintados


2/20

wa

table

ofcontents

FEATURES

OPINIONSGAMES

REVIEW

NEWS

COMICS

4The Story Behind Every Ink: TheSymbols Behind the Pintados

7Import Substitution:How the Filipinos survived theJapanese Occupation

10Teenage Life in Time of War:

An Interview with Atty. Ethelwoldo E.Fernandez

5The Japanese Takeover: The Good,the Bad and the Ugly

7How the Fraud of Kalantiaw ChangedPhilippine History14The Spaniards and The Americans:Are they both the same?

15

Anti-Dynasty Bill:Still not approved by the House ofRepresentatives

18Tattoos Before and Tattoos Now

16The Truth Behind the Reel:Minsa!y isang Gamu-gamo

18Crossword Puzzle:

Filipino Social Class History


3/20

LETTER

FROM THEEDITOR

The Strong Willed, Resilient Filipinos

In this issue of Sandugo, our team gathered up stories, sharedopinions and news about how the Filipinos continue to strive and howthe Filipinos strived despite any situation. Learning about these thingshave helped us gain more insights on what it means for us to beFilipinos. The lessons we learned in our KASPIL2 subject gave us a newmeaning of History and opened our eyes on the reality behind everyhistory lesson we learned in the past.

After finding out who the Filipinos are during pre-colonial period,we found out where our roots came from. We realized how the Filipinos

have a culture of its own before any colonials came in our country.Learning about he methods of the Spaniards and their real motivesmade us understand and appreciate the strength they had to fight forwhat their country. Understanding the stories behind the American andthe Japanese occupations gave us a new insight on what reallyhappened. We ,despite all the brutality the Japanese were said to be inour old history books, they somehow helped us become Filipinos bygiving us the chance to express our thoughts in our language and testour innovative minds during the times of need. We saw the Americansfor what they really are. We realized how they were not always oursavior and our hero and most importantly we realized how the mentality

instilled by the Americans still affect our culture and politics today.

This issue of Sandugo hopes to give our readers a new insight inour history and at the same time appreciate being Filipino. We are thestrong willed, resilient Filipino people and we should always be proud ofwhere we came from!

Alec Kim P. Santos


4/20

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(02)-551-2345

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5/20

FEATUR

Symbolism is part and parcel of pre-colonial Filipino warrior culture. Acertain clothing, tattoo or cicatrix may connote the wearers status in the

warrior society.

Tattooing was widely practiced in pre-colonial Philippines both for the

purposes of ornamentation and rite of passage. This was particularly

prevalent in the Visayas and among the highland tribes of northernLuzon. So widespread was the practice of tattooing in the Visayas that

the Spaniards coined the Visayans pintados because their bodies werecovered with tattoos. Batuk is the general term for tattoos in the Visayas.

Even today, an annual feast called Pintados Festival is celebrated in

Tacloban to pay tribute to the ancient tattooing tradition of the Visayans.On the other hand, in the mountainous part of northern Luzon, tattooing

traditions are still preserved today within certain tribes (Mallari, 2010).

William Henry Scott as cited by Mallari 2010, in his book Barangay:

Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture, explains that the display of tattoos

plays an important part in psyching up ones opponent in battle, hewrote, Still more rugged were those who submitted to facial tattooing.

Indeed those with tattoos right up to the eyelids constituted a Spartan

elite. Such countenances were really terrifying and no doubt intimidated

enemies in battle as well as townmates at home. Men would be slow to

challenge or antagonize a tough with such visible signs of physicalfortitude.

The location of a tattoo also indicates a warriors experience. Chest

tattoos which looked like breastplates, tattoos on the abdomen only

came after further action in battle; and still later, those on the whole

back, widest field for the tattooers artistry. Facial tattoos from ear to chinto eye were restricted to the boldest and toughest warriors.

Just like in modern times, tattoo works then were done by skillful artistswho charge for their services. The process is pretty much unchanged

over the centuries, which include the tracing of the design on the body,

pricking it with needles then rubbing soot into the fresh wound. Theprocess is very painful, which is why some men though qualified as

warriors avoid the operation for as long as possible until shamed into it

(Mallari, 2010).

The Story Behind Every InkThe Symbols Behind the PintadosBy Ron Vidal


6/20

opinioThe Japanese occupation of the Philippines is a time that walways bring about bad memories for the Filipino people. Wwill always remember the inhumane actions done by theJapanese who were claiming to be on our side. They

manipulated these people into thinking that they wanted thbest for them. In April of 1942, after the Filipino andAmerican soldiers had surrendered, they were forced to tapart in the Death March. These soldiers were forced to waover one hundred kilometers to a prison camp. They werebeing tortured and some were killed when trying to acceptfood and water from the citizens who were in the area. ThFilipino people started to feel threatened and had to resort violence to protect themselves and their families. Groupssuch as the HUKBALAHAP were formed to rebel against thJapanese and protect the country.

Another instance wherein the Japanese manifested theirbrutality is the use of comfort women. These soldiers woucapture young women and rape them repeatedly. Theywould keep these women in a house so that the Japanesehad access to them at all times. This shows that theJapanese had no respect for women and the Filipinos aswell. They would treat them like trash, they did not care thwhat they were doing was immoral and violent. They tookadvantage of young women who did not understand whatwas happening to them. This is something that would affe

them physically, emotionally, and psychologically. These gwould not be able to recover from these incidents.

These are only a few examples of incidents that show thebrutality of the Japanese during the war. These incidents never be forgotten, something that will always be part ofPhilippine history.

Yes, we will always remember the negative effects of theJapanese occupation but there are a few positive things thsurfaced during this time as well. One positive effect of the

Japanese occupation would be the promotion of Tagalog.Since the colonization by the Americans, Filipinos lost theilove and respect for their own country. The Japanese wanthe people to start speaking their own language again andregain the love they once had for their country. Anotherpositive effect is that the Filipinos at that time learned abouunity. They had to help one another and be there for oneanother to be able to survive the actions being done againsthem. They learned to support one another in times of neeas well as fight for the freedom that they all deserved.

The

Japanese

TakeoverThe Good, The Bad & The Ugly

By Tisha Ramirez

Japanese Army entering the towns

Japanese in front of AmericanPropaganda Posters


7/20

By Ron Vidal

EATURES

The Japanese occupation of the Philippines occurred between 1942 and 1945, when the

Empire of Japan occupied the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II. Japan

occupied the Philippines for over three years, until the surrender of Japan. A highly effective

guerilla campaign by Philippine resistance forces controlled sixty percent of the islands,

mostly jungle and mountain areas. Filipinos remained loyal to the United States, partly

because of the American guarantee of independence, and also because the Japanese hadpressed large numbers of Filipinos into work details and even put young Filipino women into

brothels.

Import restrictions stimulated the manufacturing sector. The Philippines had entered an

import-substitution stage of industrialization, largely as the unintended consequence of a

policy response to balance-of-payments pressures. Import demand outpaced exports, and

the allocation of foreign exchange was subject to corruption. Pressure mounted for a change

of policy (Laluna, Paras, Soliva, 2004). Import substitution industrialization (ISI) isa trade and economic policy that advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic

production. ISI is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign

dependency through the local production of industrialized products. In an attempt to protect

domestic producers from international competition, the government instituted tariffs until they

could develop their own industry and its domestic market (West, 1997).

import-substitutionHow Filipinos Survived the Japanese Occupation


8/20

Can you imagine being drowned in the river or in boiling water for murder or theft? Orperhaps, being exposed to ants half the day for killing a black cat during a new moon?How about being beaten up for two days because you sang while travelling at night? Itmay sound psychotic but it was once referred to as the penal code of our ancestorslong before the arrival of the colonizers.

The Kalantiaw Code of 1433 was regarded as one of the oldest Philippine penal codes.

It manifests the grating approach of the iron-fisted Datu Kalantiaw to ensure law andorder in his area. It was included in the two-volume Pavon manuscript that wasallegedly written by a Spanish secular priest named Jose Maria Pavon. This manuscriptwas handed over by Jose E. Marco, a Filipino antiquarian, to the Director of thePhilippine National Library.

Because of this discovery, it was seen as a national pride. They established theKalantiaw Shine and Museum in Batan to conserve Aklans cultural and historical past.It was also written in academic textbooks and taught in school, whether private orpublic. Moreover, Ferdinand Marcos developed the famous award Order of Kalantiawwhich is considered as the highest honor to be conferred on judges or for law and

justice services. The code was certainly treated by both Filipinos and foreigners as anabsolute proof that there existed a Philippine legal system in the ancient times.Generally, it was regarded as an important part of the pre-colonial Philippine history.

It was not until William Henry Scotts assertion that people started questioning theCodes historical validity. Unbeknownst to many, it was actually Mauro Garcia, a Filipinoscholar, who first doubted the manuscript. He pointed out that people have beenestablishing Philippine history without being critical about the suspicious reputation ofthe antiquarian Jose E. Marco. Consequently, he suggested this to Scott, whichresulted to Scotts dissertation called A Critical Study of the Pre-hispanic SourceMaterials for the Study of Philippine History.

How the fraud

Change

Kalantiaw Shrine and Museum in Batan, Aklan


9/20

After scrutinizing the manuscript, Scott debunked the so-called penal code of Datu Kalantiaw. It wasclear that there was a lack of historical evidence, there is no Filipino legend or local folklore about DatuKalantiaw, and, most importantly, the source, Jose E. Marco, is an infamous forger. Kalantiawsconsequences were outrageous and unjustifiable. There was no rationale scale of penalty. Forinstance, someone who has committed murder, or someone who has interfered with their superior, orsomeone who has killed a tree of venerable appearance, they would all have to face death penaltydespite that their actions have different degrees of graveness. It is very illogical and to amplify theconflict even more, in the Spanish accounts, ancient Filipinos allowed the dreaded criminals to pay afine. There is a clear contradiction of the statements and it is clear that there is no rationale behind allof it. A question was even raised, how could they have condemned a criminal to swim for three hourswhen in fact, they had no watches or clocks? They had a different sense of time back then.

In 2004, the National Historical Institute officially declared that the Code of Kalantiaw is a big hoax ofthe Philippine History. Thus, it was called the Law code that never was. This fabricated document didnot just make our ancestors look uncivilized to the present Filipinos and foreigners, but it tricked usand created a false identity of our forebearers. We even established shrines and the award Order ofKalantiaw without us knowing we were all basing it on an absolute fraud. In addition, Ferdinand

Marcos supported Kalantiaws code while promoting brutal consequences to preserve order. Is itpossible that this code served as one of his stimuli in his Martial Law plans when he mentioned thatthis country needed a leader who rules with an iron-fist akin to Datu Kalantiaw?

Despite the official statement that it is a fraud, it still persists in the academic sphere. MaureenJustiniano (2011) explained the necessary changes in textbooks and in academic curriculum were notforthcoming until almost thirty years following the release of Scotts publication in 1969. In the interim,Filipino students have continued to internalize the Code of Kalantiaw as an integral part of ancientPhilippine history. It is also probable that some teachers are not aware that it has been debunked sothey continue to teach it to students and the miseducation cycle continues from there.

of kalantiaw

Philippine History By Patricia Flores

The AllegedLaw of

Kalantiaw

OPINION


10/20

Its More Fun in the Philippines!

Enjoy ManilawithLAKWATSA.COM!


11/20

Teenagelife in

the timeof warby Keanu Dy

Atty. Ethelwoldo E. Fernandez has been a well-known lawyerand journeyman through out his career. Starting his careerback in 1954, he has worked for multiple companies and lawfirms, such as Oriental Petroleum and Minerals Corp., Manila

Mining Corp., Lepanto Consolidated Mining Corp., PrudentialGuarantee and Assurance Inc., Sycip, Salazar, Hernandez, andGamaitan Law Officers, Escudero & Fernandez Law offices,and the The Philippines Department Of Justice. At 84 years of

age, he still continuous to work as a special counsel for thelaw form or Tolosa Romulo Agabin and Flores and to this day,he also serves as a private lawyer for corporations such asDirector of Nationwide Development Corporation, R. CuyuitoSecurities Inc., and Panpisco Technologies Inc.

Today Atty. Fernandez answers some questions for us

regarding what his initial reactions and emotions were whenfinding out that the Japanese had came, as well as somethoughts on the Americans, and how life was during the war.

FEATUR


12/20

How old were you when the Japanese warstarted?

At the start of the Japanese occupation, I wasjust turning 14. I was 13 when the war broke out,which was December 8, so by January secondand the Japanese entered manila, I turned 14the week after.

How did the war change your life when it

started?My life changed drastically because when I wasin high school and the war broke out, when theJapanese came, the first thing that happenedwas school was closed at the time the warbegan, and it reopened only about 1943.

How did you find out that the Japanese were inthe Philippines for the first time, and how did youfind out school would be closing?My mother used to love to listen to the shortwave

radio, and she heard that the Japanese hadbombed Pearl Harbor and that they were here.She woke us up in the morning and told us thatwe were at war, but we did not know what warwas at that time, so I thought, so what? Soeveryone was doing their own thing, I put on myboy scout uniform, I walked from our place inCosa Maria in Intramurous to take a bus to go toThe Ateneo to attend a mass and ceremony. Wehad no classes because it was December 8,feast day of the Immaculate Conception, but I

went there for mass. So we went to mass andafter the mass we were all gathered together andassembled, and the priest told us that now thePhilippines was at war, and that classes wouldbe suspended until further notice. We weredismissed, and that was the end of classes.

What did you do when you found out there wereno classes anymore? Were you scared?Well, I walked back to Taft Avenue, took a busgoing back to Intramurous, and by that time the

air had changed. That day, the morning I walkedto Ateneo, everything just seemed the same, butwalking back home, there was electricity,excitement in the air. You could tell somethingdifferent was happening. When I got back to ourplace, the Japanese ice cream store in thecorner was full of people, and I want there to findout what was happening. The Japanese underthe establishment had just been arrested,soldiers were around with their helmets andguns, and later that day officers were suspendedfor the first time and we heard sirens.

Bombs?

Yes, the bombs seemed so near and actually th

Japanese were bombing Intramuros. The buildin

across Pasig River, and that was just 3 or 4 block

away from where we were.

Now how did the on going war and all this affe

your parents since offices were closed down?

After some air raid, when our folks came home

the government had decided that war woul

probably last around 3 months until the Japanes

would be defeated. My pops and mom who wer

both working in the government were given pa

for 3 months, as were all the governmen

employees, and they said well call you back in

months, but the war lasted longer than that.

At the time of war, were you aware of what was

happening?

We all heard about the Japanese landings and our

soldiers fighting them, and it seemed like we wer

doing all right, except they kept retreating, and w

had no airplanes to fight the Japanese back.

How did you find out about these things?

We had shortwave radios although it was

prohibited, so we could hear things and they were

slowly withdrawing to Bataan, so it looked like w

were winning because they we were retreating to

Bataan.

Ethelwoldo (Rightmost) with hisbrothers and motherin the 1940s

Ethelwoldo (LeftMost) with hisbrothers and Fatherin the 1940s


13/20

What were your impressions of the Japanese

back then? Were they really cruel?

When the Japanese soldiers came in, everyone

was so scared. We heard so many stories of

people or friends who were shot by Japanese

soldiers, and now Japanese sentries were

posted in many places. If you passed by near

them and you dont bow, theyd shoot you.

Words spread around and we learned very

quickly. We felt intimidated by the Japanese

presence in manila.

At that time the US were helping you right?

What was your impression on them back then?

There was false news that even was admitted

by the US when the war was done. It claimed

that there were soldiers to join our forces in

Bataan and Corregidor and to start the counter

attack. It wasnt true, not only did it neverhappen, there was never such thing at all,

which was propaganda. Of course we all

believed it. I think even General McArthur

believed it.

Can you speak a bit about General McArthur?

Was he very well respected at that time?

General McArthur was a hero in the First

World War, he was one of the youngest

generals promoted, then he became chief ofstaff in the US army. He then resigned and

came to the Philippines to be a martial. He

wanted to fill up the Filipino army, but there

was no time because the Japanese struck

suddenly. But he was very well respected in

the Philippines, so we expected him to settle

things eventually. He declared Manila an open

city, an open city in war means that there

would be no guns and no bombings in the city,

so after that we were safe.

So there were no more Japanese soldiers?

Well most had retreated to Bataan and

Corregidor. There were still Japanese soldiers

around; wed just avoid them. They would

capture you under suspicion, bring you to Fort

Santiago, youd get yourself tortured you

there.

So at that point would you say your life kind of

normalized?

In our case, and I guess in the case of most

citizens unless you were a guerilla, we settled

down, and learned to how to continue with our

lives. But of course, we still faced some

problems.

Problems such as what?

After the Japanese settled down here and we

had our own government, things settled down,

so there was a market. In our case, since my

father had no work and my mother had no

work, we engaged in the business of selling

coconuts and bananas and opened a store in

Paco. A big truck would come in the morning

to deliver it, wed carry it to the market, and

then wed sell. So we earned a little money,

although in the end we lost money.

Lastly, can you talk a little bit on how life was

when you guys got used to the new times.

Things were hard, but it was not impossible. Atthat time, we depended too much on our

parents, my father started selling old clothes,

and afterwards, we sold the 2 lots in Quezon

City we had. We had to walk all the way from

Paco to Divisoria to buy rice and walk back

Thank you very much for your time!

My Pleasure

Atty. Ethelwoldo E. Fernandez Today


14/20

Are theyFilipinos must be proud of this country. With its archipelagic position and vast array of natu

resources, who would be admired to get a piece of this land of flowing milk and honey? During t

pre-colonial time, being the centre of Asia, colonizers would try to claim this country in the benefit

having connection with Asian powerhouse regions such as China, Indonesia, Japan and even all t

way to India. Those colonizers would later on be named the Spaniards and the Americans. Wh

they came, they brought with them their culture, religion, political ideologies and much more. The

are the top 2 countries that would likely stick into the peoples mind being the once that gave tmost influence. But do these colonizers differ from each other? At what incident do they becom

similar in ways to control us?

During the ages of colonization, countries would sail and venture to other countries in order

expand and diversify their culture, economic zones, and social inferences. In simple terms, the mo

you colonize, the more powerful a country is. This is usually the same case with Spain and Americ

The Spanish colony would come here with the mind-set of God, Gold, and Glory. They looked at t

Philippines as a funnel of flowing milk and honey with the vastness of our natural resource

America on the other hand, has engaged their battle against communism in the different parts of t

Northern Hemisphere. Subsequently, they thought the Philippines would be a great vessel for the

to construct a military base which is conveniently connected to Asia and a channel of influence

prevent communism.

God, Gold, and Glory,according to historians, this is the main reason why the Spaniards came a

colonized the Philippines. During the 16th century, they came to us as if they are friends that a

ready to spread the truth about religion with the hint and reinforcement of guns, force, and abuse

course. Natives from that era are easily pacified and next thing you know, we are under the Spani

rule. They also constructed towns of European influence, buildings, houses, and churches, a

plazasfor easier colonization and religious conversion. As for the Americans, after the signing of t

Treaty of Paris in 1899, Philippines were now an American colony. They established a governme

wherein education was top priority through adapting college and higher levels of education. Anoth

factor we learned from them is the sustainable and better ways to live/survive which is mo

Western in its influence. Certainly they used a bit of force, which is evident because of certa

uprisings from the guerrillas and Moro wars that killed a lot of Filipinos. It is like we are deprived

our rights to the point the Americans have more of it than us. They were in control for most of t

time, leaving us empty handed while our Big White Brothersare celebrating on trespassed propert

The Spaniard


15/20

opinio

both the same?

and The Americans

By Christian Guillen

These colonizers did not just take over through military force, but also affected on a cultural level

as well. Like the Spanish would introduce town-settlements, new methods on agricultural

development that is good for cash crops, Christianity, art through painting and poetry,

entertainment especially the sinakulo and gambling, culinary expertise like the arroz caldoz,

paella, valencianaand so much more that you can think of. Same goes with the Americans; ourdemocratic government is influence by them, Education which is commonly associated with

them and gave us the chance to go to the U.S. to study, equality among boys and girls,

introduction to free and open trade especially on tobacco where economic progress started to

show, the English language to which we speak most of the time than our national language and/

or dialects, sports like baseball and cricket, entertainment in television and such, and lets not

forget the foods which are American in nature especially chocolates, french fries, and

hamburgers.

Certainly, anyone would agree that both of these powerhouses have significantly been similar to

each other not only in their motives, but in their implementation and strategies to govern usFilipinos. These are not just two unalike countries with a diversified culture; bottom-line is that

both of them are our colonizers. We can surely admire them of their authoritative initiative to

manage our country, but they are the key contributors of what makes the completely branched

out ideas and characteristics of Filipinos. With the efforts of these seemingly similar different

people, their ways of colonization resulted into one collective output of our countrys

modernization and cultural growth.

Catholic Mass in Philippine shore, introduced by the SpaniardsMcArthur arriving back in the

Philippines during the 1st World War


16/20

NEAnti-Dynasty BillStill Not Approved by the House of Representatives

By Gabe Acetre

Author of the anti-dynasty bill, Edgar Erice has been urging President Benigno Aquino to certify the

proposed bill as urgent. However, the president will not dub the bill as urgent. This bill, according to

the president, is not in the priorities of the nation as of the moment. He wants to thoroughly study this

and get all the necessary details.

Gusto ko mabasa sana nang kabuuan 'yan [anti-political

dynasty bill], he said. Marami tayong pinag-aabalahan sa

kasalukuyan both on the domestic and the internationalscene, so gusto ko makita ang lahat ng detalye muna.

It is clearly seen that one of the reasons why President Aquino

wants to study this bill is because he may be affected when this

is passed. President Aquino is no stranger to the history of

politics; his mom, Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino and dad, Benigno

Aquino Jr. were icons in Philippine democracy. He has relatives

in the field as well, Gilberto Teodoro Jr., Teresa Aquino-Oreta and

potential future politician, Kris Aquino to name a few.

The anti-dynasty bill was originally written to ban the spouse,

children, siblings, grandchildren of an incumbent official. This is

certainly very controversial as 150 of the 289 house members

will be affected. The Binays provide the perfect example of this.

There are currently four Binays in office, one as the vice

president, one in the senate, one in congress and one as mayor.

Connections between families make up the political arena of the

Philippines and getting this bill approved will be truly difficult.

The struggles these authors of the bill face pushed them to

modify the bill and changed it. Now, they have allowed two

members of the political family to be in office at the same time.

Rep. Erice stated, We are eyeing a compromise that would be

acceptable to our colleagues so that the bill will have a fighting

chance, a better prospect of approval. It is still a long road

ahead until this anti-dynasty bill becomes a law.Rep.Erice,oneofthemain

authorsof theanti-dynastybill

Pres. Aquino: anti-dynasty bill not a

priority for the nation right now

Four Binays currently in office: Vice

President Jejomar Binay, Sen. Nancy

Binay, Rep. Abigail Binay, and Makati

Mayor Junjun Binay.


17/20

reviThe Truth Behind the ReelMinsay isang Gamu-gamo

By Alec Kim P. Santos

Minsa!y isang Gamu-gamo (Once a Moth) isa film written by Marina Feleo- Gonzales anddirected by Lupita Aquino- Kashiwar. The filmtackles the issues regarding the RP-US VistingForces Agreement. The film was set in aprovince near the Clark Air Base. CorazonDela-Cruz (Nora Aunor) is a nurse who aspiresto be an American Citizen to be able to providefor her mother, grandfather and youngerbrother. The film focuses on the way Filipinoslive during the 1970s. The members of thecommunity where Corazon lives earn theirliving from selling PX goods or importeditems from the United States and admire theAmericans very much. Certain events lead toCorazon and her family!s realization on whatthe Americans were doing in their community.Their neighbor, Yolanda Santos, was accusedof stealing while working in the Military base.She was force to be stripped search and wasembarrassed in-front of the american army,when the marshall confiscated her underwearand flagged it around. She later filed a caseagainst them only to be maltreated more bythe American Military. Corazon!s family facedthe biggest turn in their lives when her youngerbrother was shot by an American Soldier, whilethe brother was playing near the base. TheAmerican Soldier expressed his condolencesto the family and even gave a lame excuse ofthinking that the boy was a pig. Corazon and

Yolanda was seeking justice for what wasdone to them, only to find out that they haveno power against the Americans because thegovernment has no jurisdiction against them.

This movie reflected the situation of theFilipinos during the time where in there werestill American Bases in the country. Filipinoswere wanting to be like Americans but theydidn!t know that the Americans were treatingthem like they do not have rights in their own

country.

!Yang iniisip mo ay ang

p a g b a b a w i n g i y o n gKamamayanan. Ang paguugalingAmerikano ang pinapangarapmo? Hindi mo ba nakikita na angpinapangrap mo ay pagkaduhaging ating bansa?

The Film also has a lot of insightsabout the Nationalism of theFilipinos. Corazon really wanted tobe an American Cit izen. HerGrandfather said in reply to herAmerican Dream

This particular line can still be saidto many Filipinos today, who preferto be a citizen of another country forthe sake of having a better life.Filipinos are constantly dreaming of

becoming another citizen of anothercountry. Nationalism is somehowbecoming just a beautiful idea. It issad to say that a movie createdalmost 40 years ago still applies tothe situation of our country today.

Minsa!y isang Gamu-gamo is agreat film that portrays how Filipino!sNationalism is continually secondguessed.


18/20

COMI

AMES

Answer in Page 19

Tattooed Man Before

Tattooed Man now


19/20

SANDUGO

Alec Kim P.Santos

Patricia Flores

tisha ramirez

Ron Vidal

Keanu Dy

Gabriel Acetre

Christian Guillen

EditorThe Truth Behind the Reel: Minsa!y

isang Gamu-gamoComics

Feature: Teenage Lifein the times of war

Filipino Social ClassHistory Game

Opinions: How the CodeKalantiaw changedPhilippine History

Created the ADS

The JapaneseTakeover: The Good,The Bad and The Ugly

The Story Behind EveryInk: The Symbolsbehind the Pintados

Import-Substitution:How the Filipinossurvived the JapaneseOccupation

The Spaniards and Th

Americans Are they bothe same?

Anti-Dynasty Bill still napproved by the Housof Representatives


20/20

Sources

answer

The Story Behind Every Ink: The Symbols Behind the Pintados

Reference:Mallari, S. (2010). Symbolism in Pre-Colonial Filipino Warrior Culture.

Fmapulse. Retrieved April 5, 2014, from http://www.fmapulse.com/

content/fma-corner-symbolism-pre-colonial-filipino-warrior-culture

Import Substitution: How the Filipinos survived the Japanese

Occupation

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The Japanese Takeover: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

Photo Sources: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/

US_propaganda_and_Japanese_soldier.jpg

Howthe Fraud of Kalantiaw Changed Philippine Historyhttp://www.tripsiders.co m/spot/ncr/the-kalantiaw-shrine-and-museumhttp://philippines-aklan-travel-guide.ourworldtravelguide.com/kalantiaw-shrine/https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/20312/Justiniano-%20Kalantiaw%20Code-%20EXP%202011.pdf?sequence=1http://opinion.inquirer.net/30125/remember-the-order-of-kalantiaw

The Spaniards and The Americans: Are they both the same?

Photo Source: http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/images/mcArthur.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/

Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.png

Anti-Dynasty Bill: Still not approved by the Hou

RepresentativesPhoto Source: http://www8.gmanews.tv/webpics/v3/ZZZ_010912_mmanila.jpghttp://i1.ytimg.com/vi/rMhY0.jpghttp://www.interaksyon.com/assets/images/articles/interphoto_1349266447.jpg

Reference: Diaz, J. (2014, March 7).Lawmakers eye wdown anti-political dynasty bill. Retrieved April 4, 2014www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/03/07/1298067/lawmwatered-down-anti-political-dynasty-billTan, K. J. (2014, January 29).PNoy: Anti-political dyna

bill not among admin's priorities.Retrieved April 4, 201

from http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/346053/

news/nation/pnoy-anti-political-dynasty-bill-not-among-

admin-s-priorities

The Truth Behind the Reel: Minsa"y isang Gam

Photo Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikia9/Minsa'y_isang_Gamu-gamo.jpg

Reference: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0125408
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.pnghttp://www.philippines.hvu.nl/images/mcArthur.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.pnghttp://www.philippines.hvu.nl/images/mcArthur.jpghttp://opinion.inquirer.net/30125/remember-the-order-of-kalantiawhttp://philippines-aklan-travel-guide.ourworldtravelguide.com/kalantiaw-shrine/http://philippines-aklan-travel-guide.ourworldtravelguide.com/kalantiaw-shrine/http://philippines-aklan-travel-guide.ourworldtravelguide.com/kalantiaw-shrine/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/US_propaganda_and_Japanese_soldier.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/US_propaganda_and_Japanese_soldier.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/US_propaganda_and_Japanese_soldier.jpghttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://www.arellanolaw.edu/alpr/v7n1c.pdfhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.pnghttp://www.philippines.hvu.nl/images/mcArthur.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.pnghttp://opinion.inquirer.net/30125/remember-the-order-of-kalantiawhttps://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/20312/Justiniano-%20Kalantiaw%20Code-%20EXP%202011.pdf?sequence=1https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/20312/Justiniano-%20Kalantiaw%20Code-%20EXP%202011.pdf?sequence=1http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0125408/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0125408/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Minsa'y_isang_Gamu-gamo.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Minsa'y_isang_Gamu-gamo.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Minsa'y_isang_Gamu-gamo.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Minsa'y_isang_Gamu-gamo.jpghttp://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/346053/news/nation/pnoy-anti-political-dynasty-bill-not-among-admin-s-prioritieshttp://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/346053/news/nation/pnoy-anti-political-dynasty-bill-not-among-admin-s-prioritieshttp://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/346053/news/nation/pnoy-anti-political-dynasty-bill-not-among-admin-s-prioritieshttp://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/346053/news/nation/pnoy-anti-political-dynasty-bill-not-among-admin-s-prioritieshttp://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/346053/news/nation/pnoy-anti-political-dynasty-bill-not-among-admin-s-prioritieshttp://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/346053/news/nation/pnoy-anti-political-dynasty-bill-not-among-admin-s-prioritieshttp://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/03/07/1298067/lawmakers-eye-watered-down-anti-political-dynasty-billhttp://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/03/07/1298067/lawmakers-eye-watered-down-anti-political-dynasty-billhttp://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/03/07/1298067/lawmakers-eye-watered-down-anti-political-dynasty-billhttp://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/03/07/1298067/lawmakers-eye-watered-down-anti-political-dynasty-billhttp://www.interaksyon.com/assets/images/articles/interphoto_1349266447.jpghttp://www.interaksyon.com/assets/images/articles/interphoto_1349266447.jpghttp://www.interaksyon.com/assets/images/articles/interphoto_1349266447.jpghttp://www.interaksyon.com/assets/images/articles/interphoto_1349266447.jpghttp://i1.ytimg.com/vi/rMhYkFFqNpI/0.jpghttp://i1.ytimg.com/vi/rMhYkFFqNpI/0.jpghttp://i1.ytimg.com/vi/rMhYkFFqNpI/0.jpghttp://i1.ytimg.com/vi/rMhYkFFqNpI/0.jpghttp://www8.gmanews.tv/webpics/v3/2012/01/ZZZ_010912_mmanila.jpghttp://www8.gmanews.tv/webpics/v3/2012/01/ZZZ_010912_mmanila.jpghttp://www8.gmanews.tv/webpics/v3/2012/01/ZZZ_010912_mmanila.jpghttp://www8.gmanews.tv/webpics/v3/2012/01/ZZZ_010912_mmanila.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.pnghttp://www.philippines.hvu.nl/images/mcArthur.jpghttp://www.philippines.hvu.nl/images/mcArthur.jpghttp://opinion.inquirer.net/30125/remember-the-order-of-kalantiawhttp://opinion.inquirer.net/30125/remember-the-order-of-kalantiawhttps://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/20312/Justiniano-%20Kalantiaw%20Code-%20EXP%202011.pdf?sequence=1https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/20312/Justiniano-%20Kalantiaw%20Code-%20EXP%202011.pdf?sequence=1https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/20312/Justiniano-%20Kalantiaw%20Code-%20EXP%202011.pdf?sequence=1https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/20312/Justiniano-%20Kalantiaw%20Code-%20EXP%202011.pdf?sequence=1http://philippines-aklan-travel-guide.ourworldtravelguide.com/kalantiaw-shrine/http://philippines-aklan-travel-guide.ourworldtravelguide.com/kalantiaw-shrine/http://philippines-aklan-travel-guide.ourworldtravelguide.com/kalantiaw-shrine/http://philippines-aklan-travel-guide.ourworldtravelguide.com/kalantiaw-shrine/http://www.tripsiders.com/spot/ncr/the-kalantiaw-shrine-and-museumhttp://www.tripsiders.com/spot/ncr/the-kalantiaw-shrine-and-museumhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/US_propaganda_and_Japanese_soldier.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/US_propaganda_and_Japanese_soldier.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/US_propaganda_and_Japanese_soldier.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/US_propaganda_and_Japanese_soldier.jpghttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=local+philippine+products+used+during+import+substitution&source=bl&ots=yLGqO42Q2o&sig=hnTYVitONIIopl9KAOw7WrtbWbs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-2Y_U9yeBcGoiAf7jIH4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ%22%20%5Cl%20%22v=onepage&q=local%20philippine%20products%20used%20during%20import%20substitution&f=falsehttp://www.arellanolaw.edu/alpr/v7n1c.pdfhttp://www.arellanolaw.edu/alpr/v7n1c.pdfhttp://www.arellanolaw.edu/alpr/v7n1c.pdfhttp://www.arellanolaw.edu/alpr/v7n1c.pdfhttp://www.fmapulse.com/content/fma-corner-symbolism-pre-colonial-filipino-warrior-http://www.fmapulse.com/content/fma-corner-symbolism-pre-colonial-filipino-warrior-http://www.fmapulse.com/content/fma-corner-symbolism-pre-colonial-filipino-warrior-http://www.fmapulse.com/content/fma-corner-symbolism-pre-colonial-filipino-warrior-

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