REQUIREMENTS OF ATMREQUIREMENTS OF ATM

CAPABLE OF RECEIVING, STORING, CAPABLE OF RECEIVING, STORING, PROCESSING, DISPLAYING AND PROCESSING, DISPLAYING AND DISSEMINATIONDISSEMINATION

ENCOMPASS ALL CONVENTIONAL ENCOMPASS ALL CONVENTIONAL ELEMENTS OF ATS PLUS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS OF ATS PLUS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTSELEMENTS

DEVELOPMENTSDEVELOPMENTS

ATM - ACHIEVED BY

AIR TRAFFIC

SERVICES

AIR TRAFFIC FLOW

MANAGEMENT

CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK (CPDL)

AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT

SURVEILLANCE (ADS)

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

EFFICIENT USE OF AIRSPACEEFFICIENT USE OF AIRSPACE

IMPROVED INFORMATION EXCHANGEIMPROVED INFORMATION EXCHANGE

ACCOMMODATION OF PREFERRED ACCOMMODATION OF PREFERRED PROFILEPROFILE

SAFER FLYINGSAFER FLYING

IMPROVED ACCURACYIMPROVED ACCURACY

IMPLEMENTATION PLANIMPLEMENTATION PLAN

PH-I : TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATIONPH-I : TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION

PH-II : INITIAL EXPERIMENTAL PHASEPH-II : INITIAL EXPERIMENTAL PHASE

PH-III : FINAL OPERATIONAL PHASEPH-III : FINAL OPERATIONAL PHASE

HISTORYHISTORY

1970 : CANADA SCIENTISTS PROOVE 1970 : CANADA SCIENTISTS PROOVE TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY1975 : CANADA PREPARES A SARSAT 1975 : CANADA PREPARES A SARSAT PLANPLAN1977:USA & FRANCE JOIN IN1977:USA & FRANCE JOIN IN1980:USSR JOINS IN AND A JOINT 1980:USSR JOINS IN AND A JOINT PROJECT “COSPAS-SARSAT EVOLVESPROJECT “COSPAS-SARSAT EVOLVESSUBSEQUENTLY: FOUR SATELLITES (2 SUBSEQUENTLY: FOUR SATELLITES (2 BY RUSSIA) ARE LAUNCHED.BY RUSSIA) ARE LAUNCHED.

LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONSTHE DISTRESS SIGNAL REQUIRES MONITORINGTHE DISTRESS SIGNAL REQUIRES MONITORINGEXISTING SYSTEM IS ON VHF BAND AND HAS TO EXISTING SYSTEM IS ON VHF BAND AND HAS TO INITIALLY COMMUNICATE ON THE FREQ IN USEINITIALLY COMMUNICATE ON THE FREQ IN USEBEING A VHF COMMUNICATION, LINE OF SIGHT BEING A VHF COMMUNICATION, LINE OF SIGHT RESTRICTS RANGERESTRICTS RANGEIN HF BAND THE STATIC EFFECT AND POOR IN HF BAND THE STATIC EFFECT AND POOR DIRECTIONAL STABILITY RESTRICTS ITS USEDIRECTIONAL STABILITY RESTRICTS ITS USEVHF BEING A LINE OF SIGHT TERRAIN CAUSES VHF BEING A LINE OF SIGHT TERRAIN CAUSES OBSTRUCTIONOBSTRUCTION

BASIC PRINCIPLEBASIC PRINCIPLE

1. SARSAT LOCATES BEACON IN DISTRESS, ON LAND, SEA OR AIR , BY USE OF NEAR POLAR ORBITING SATELLITES AT AN ALTITUDE OF 1000 KMs, WITH A NETWORK OF GROUND STATIONS.

2. THE RELATIVE VELOCITY BETWEEN THE SATELLITE AND THE BEACON CARRIED BY THE VEHICLE IN DISTRESS, CREATES A DOPPLER SHIFT THAT DETERMINES THE BEACON LOCATION.

3. THE BEACON LOCATION IS COMMUNICATED TO SAR FORCES BY THE GROUND STATIONS.

RESOLUTION BY DOPPLER RESOLUTION BY DOPPLER SHIFTSHIFT

TIME

DOPPLER

SHIFT fd

BEACON CLOSESTTO SATELLITE

fd=VCos . f /c

BEACON AT LESSER CHLONG

BEACON VERTICALLY BELOW SATELLITE

SINCE THE ONLY DIFFERENCE IN SINCE THE ONLY DIFFERENCE IN THREE CURVES IS THEIR SLOPE, THREE CURVES IS THEIR SLOPE, TAKING CURVE OF BEACON TAKING CURVE OF BEACON VERTICALLY BELOW THE SATELLITE, VERTICALLY BELOW THE SATELLITE, AS A REFERENCE, SLOPES OF OTHER AS A REFERENCE, SLOPES OF OTHER BEACON CURVES GIVE A DIRECT BEACON CURVES GIVE A DIRECT INDICATION OF CHLONG OF THE INDICATION OF CHLONG OF THE BEACONS.BEACONS.

RESOLUTION BY DOPPLER RESOLUTION BY DOPPLER SHIFTSHIFT

SYSTEM COMPONENTSSYSTEM COMPONENTS

EMERGENCY BEACON : BATTERY OPERATED, 24 HRS CONTINUOUS OPERATION AT MIN SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE.

METHOD OF ACTIVATION

. ELT : EMERGENCY LOCATORTRANSMITTER – CARRIED BY ACs ,ACTIVATED BY IMPACT ON CRASH.• EPIRB : EMERGENCY POSITIONINDICATING RADIO BEACON –CARRIED BYSHIPS , ACTIVATED ON FLOATATION.

SYSTEM COMPONENTSSYSTEM COMPONENTS

FOUR POLAR SATELLITES ALTITUDE - 1000KMs COUNTRIES - CANADA, USA,

FRANCE ( 1975) & USSR- ( 1980 )

(COSPAS – SARSAT ) SARSAT LUTs

LOCAL USER TERMINALS RECEIVE THE SATELLITE SIGNAL, PROCESS & COMPUTE THE EMERGENCY BEACON POSITION, FOR ONWARD PASSING TO THE MASTER CONTROL CENTRE.

SYSTEM COMPONENTSSYSTEM COMPONENTS OTHER GROUND STATIONS

MCCs - MASTER CONTROL CENTRES

RCCs - RESCUE COORDINATIONCENTRES. SAR FORCES - AIR, SEA & LAND

FORCESDESIGNATED BY APPROPRIATE AUTHORITYFOR RESCUE OPERATIONS, BOTH CIVILIAN &MILITARY.

FREQUENCIES USED : 121.5 MHz, 243 MHz.GRADUAL CHANGE OVER TO 406.025 MHz IN THE DISTRESS BAND OF 406- 406.1 MHz - HAS DIGITAL MODULATION FOR BEACON IDENTITY.

SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONSSEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS

ELT /

EPIRB

LUT

MCCRCC

SAR

LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONS

• A PERIOD OF TIME VARYING BETWEEN 1-2 HRS, WHEN NO SATELLITE WILL BE IN FIELD OF VIEW OF AN ELT / EPIRB.

• USE OF A GEO- STATIONARY SATELLITE WILL ENSURE CONTINUOUS COVERAGE, BUT NO DOPPLER INFORMATION.

• USE OF 406 MHz DISTRESS BEACONS’ DIGITAL MODULATION CAN PROVIDE BEACON IDENTITY.

SARSAT NETWORK IN INDIASARSAT NETWORK IN INDIA• SAR SERVICES IN INDIA ARE ORGANISED BY

AAI IN ACCORDANCE TO ICAO ANNEX -12 ,IN COLLABORATION WITH THE MoD.

• IT IS MoD’S RESPONSIBILITY TO MAKE NECESSARY FACILITIES AVAILABLE.

• 05 SAR REGIONS WHOSE BOUNDARIES COINCIDE WITH FIR BOUNDARIES.

• A RCC EACH FOR EACH SAR REGION IS ESTABLISHED AT FICs – DELHI, CHENNAI, CALCUTTA, GUWAHTI & MUMBAI.

SARSAT NETWORK IN INDIASARSAT NETWORK IN INDIA• A RESCUE SUB CENTRE EACH AT COCHIN

(CHENNAI FIR ) AND UDHAMPUR ( DELHI FIR )• LUTs ARE AT BANGALORE AND LUCKNOW• MCC, CO-LOCATED WITH LUT AT

BANGALORE.• MCC PASSES INFO TO RELEVANT FIR &

TRANSMITS TO RCC AUTOMATICALLY BY TELEX.• IAF RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCT OF SAR OPS

FOR MILITARY AC BESIDES BEING PART OF OVERALL SAR OPS FOR THE NATION.

THANKYOUTHANKYOU