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Satellite Network Coordination
1WRAP 0974B
Satellite Network Coordination
• Available satellite calculations in WRAP– Satellite ground coverage – in Coverage– Earth station coverage of space orbit – in Coverage– Interference between space stations, terrestrial stations
and earth stations – in Interference– Specific tool for Satellite Network Coordination in
accordance with the ITU Radio Regulations Appendix 8
• Full spherical geometry calculations• Specific Space-to-Earth propagation model P.619
(Free-space, P.526 can also be used)• Space – to – Space propagation: Free-space with
line-of-sight check
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Satellite networks
• Satellite networks can be defined:– Earth A Space A/Space B Earth B– A satellite comprises one or more stations
(transponders)
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Creating a satellite network
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– Enter earth stations EA and EB
– Enter satellite S as a group of stations SA, SB
– Form links • EA SA• SB EB
– Calculate transmission gain
Space – Earth propagation• ITU-R Rec. P.619-1 accounts for
– Free-space loss– Attenuation due to atmospheric gases (P.618-6)– Beam spreading (P.618-6)– Amplitude scintillations (2.4.1 of P.618-6)
• Identification of whether the space station is visible from the point on earth
• Consideration to refraction to calculate the apparent elevation angle (P.834)
• ITU-R Rec P.526 (diffraction) extended to valid spherical geometry for space – earth paths
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Note that propagation for AP8 is just free-space with line-of-sight check
Coverage
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Example of coverage– Footprints on
ground from four space stations
– Power flux density contours
– All features of the Coverage tool are available also for space-earth paths
ITU Radio Regulations Appendix 8
• Calculates the equivalent noise increase in receivers in satellite networks due to interference from other satellite networks
• Result expressed as a percentage “T/T” T: Noise increase in degrees due to interference– T: Noise temperature of receiver, including all noise sources
except from the interfering transmissions
• Free-space propagation– With line-of-sight check– Correction for refraction to give apparent elevation angle
• Result above a certain value (normally 6%) indicates need for coordination
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Example of AP8 result
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– Noise increases are shown for all receivers
– Sources of interference can be identified
– The total result is referred to the earth station receivers in this example (simple frequency-changing transponders)
– Result referred to space station receivers for other types of transponders
Interference calculations
T/T calculations of AP8 do not consider specific spectral shapes of transmissions or receiver selective properties.
• Detailed signal-to-interference calculations(S/I; C/I) are performed in the Interference tool.
9WRAP 0974B
WRAP space service applications
• Ground coverage for satellites• Space coverage for earth stations• Interference between satellite networks• Interference between space services and
terrestrial services• Calculation of coordination contours (often power
flux density) for satellite emissions• Interference in space from terrestrial stations (for
instance along the geo-stationary orbit)• Calculation of coordination values for T/T in
accordance with ITU RR Appendix 8
10WRAP 0974B