SB SP LRG Grades4-6 COLOR P1-P16 lores · Sea Sponge continued Sponges can be found in a variety of different sizes and shapes: tubes, fans, cups, cones and blobs. Sponges are omnivorous

Sponges are very slow-moving animals that are found across the sea floor.

Although many sponges actually move less than a millimeter a day, some adult sponges are actually sessile, which means that they are fixed onto something and do not move at all.

Sponges are thought to have evolved around 500 million years ago. There are more than 5,000 known species of sponge – but only one SpongeBob SquarePants – with another 5,000 species thought to have not yet been discovered.

Most sponges live in a salt water environment attached to objects on the sea floor. Less than 200 sponge species inhabit freshwater habitats.

The body of a sponge is made up of a jelly-like substance that is supported by a thin layer of cells on either side.

Sponges contain thousands of pores which allow water to keep flowing through it.

Sea sponges may be green, red, blue, yellow, orange or brown.

Sponges have no organs and obtain their nutrition from the water that is continuously flowing through them.

Sea Sponge

© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.

Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 1

Sea Sponge continued

Sponges can be found in a variety of different sizes and shapes: tubes, fans, cups, cones and blobs.

Sponges are omnivorous animals that obtain their nutrition from the food particles in the water.

Sponges primarily eat bacteria and phytoplankton. A number of sponge species are known to have a more carnivorous diet, eating small fish and crustaceans on the reefs.

Due to the abundance and variety of sponges, they are preyed upon by many animals. The fact that sponges move so slowly, if at all, means that they cannot avoid being eaten. Sea turles, crustaceans, fish and echinoderms all prey on sponges.



Marine scientists have undertaken the difficult task of replacing the beloved starfish’s common name with the “sea star” because, well, the starfish is not a fish.Sea stars are echinoderms, closely related to sea urchins and sand dollars.

There are about 2,000 sea star species living in all the world’s oceans; from tropical habitats to the cold seafloor. The five-arm varieties are the most common, but species with 10, 20 and even 40 arms exist.

They have bony, calcified skin, which protects them from most predators and many wear striking colors that camouflage them, or scare off potential attackers.

Purely marine animals, there are no freshwater sea stars, and only a few live in brackish water.

Beyond their distinctive shape, sea stars are famous for their ability to regenerate limbs, and in some cases, entire bodies. They accomplish this by housing most or all of their vital organs in their arms. Some require the central body to be intact to regenerate, but a few species can grow an entirely new sea star just from a portion of a severed limb.

Sea Star



Sea Star continued

Sea stars have no brains and no blood. Their nervous system is spread throughout their arms and their “blood” is actually filtered sea water.

A sea star has eye spots that cannot see details, but can detect light and dark, and Krabby Patties. These eye spots are at the tip of each of the sea star’s arms.

Most sea stars also have the remarkable ability to comsume prey outside of their bodies. Using tiny, suction-cupped tube feet, they pry open shellfish, and their sack-like cardiac stomach emerges from their mouth and oozes inside the shell. The stomach then envelops the prey to digest it, and finally withdraws back into the body.

Due to their slow moving nature, the sea star is preyed upon by many predators including; fish, crabs, rays, sharks, humans, and birds when the sea stars are washed onto the shore.



The common octopus would be unique for its appearance alone, with its massive bulbous head, large eyes, and eight distinctive arms, but by far the most striking characteristic of the octopus is the wide array of techniques it uses to avoid or thwart attackers.

Its first --- and most amazing --- line of defense is its ability to hide in plain sight. Using a network of pigment cells and specialized muscles in its skin, the common octopus can almost instantaneously match the colors, patterns, and even textures of its surroundings.

When discovered, an octopus will release a cloud of black ink to obscure its attacker’s view, giving it time to swim away. The ink even contains a substance that dulls the predator’s sense of smell, making the fleeing octopus harder to track.

An octopus can jet forward by expelling water through their mantles and their soft bodies can squeeze into impossibly small cracks and crevices where predators can’t follow.

If all else fails, an octopus can lose an arm to escape a predator’s grasp and regrow it later with no permanent damage.

Octopus



Octopus continued

The common octopus also has beak-like jaws that can deliver a nasty bite with venomous saliva, used mainly for subduing prey.

Considered the most intelligent of all invertebrates (just ask Squidward), the common octopus is found in the tropical and temperate waters of the world’s oceans.

An actopus can grow to about 4.3 feet (1.3 meters) in length and weigh up to 22 pounds (10 kilograms), although averages are much smaller.

An octopus preys on crabs, crayfish and mollusks, and will sometimes use their ink to disorient their victims before attacking.



JellyfishThere are many types of jellyfish in the ocean. These jelly-like creatures pulse along on ocean currents.

Jellyfish have drifted along on ocean currents for millions of years, even before dinosaurs lived on the Earth.

They are abundant in cold and warm ocean water, in deep water, and along coastlines.

Jellyfish have tiny stinging cells in their tentacles to stun or paralyze their prey before they eat them.

The mouth of the jellyfish is located inside their bell-shaped body. They eat and discard waste from this opening. Also, jellyfish squirt water from their mouths to propell forward.

Tentacles hang down from the smooth bag-like body and sting their prey.

Jellyfish stings can be painful to humans and sometimes very dangerous, but jellyfish don’t purposely attack humans. Most stings occur when people acidentally touch a jellyfish, but if the sting is from a dangerous species, it can be deadly. The Australian box-like sea wasp is the most toxic to humans.

All jellyfish sting, but the stings of small specimens and those with short tentacles often are not painful to humans. Even dead jellyfish can sting.



continued

The lion’s mane jellyfish found in the north Atlantic, has a bell which can reach six feet (two meters) in diameter with tentacles as long as 100 feet (33 meters).

The poisonous Portuguese man-of-war is found floating on the surface of tropical ocean water, and its sting is said to be as toxic as a cobra’s bite.

Jellyfish digest their food very quickly. They wouldn’t be able to float if they had to carry a large, undigested meal around for a long period. They dine on plankton, fish, shrimp, crabs, tiny plants, and will even eat other species of jellyfish.

Sea turtles like the taste of jellyfish.

Some jellyfish are clear and can look like a plastic bag in the water.

Others have vibrant colors such as pink, yellow, blue and purple, and often are luminescent.

The Chinese have fished jellyfish for 1,700 years. They are considered a delicacy and are used in chinese medicine.

Jellyfish are classified in the phylum Coelenterata, whicn means they have a very simple body and large center mouth where food comes in, and waste goes out.

Jellyfish are invertebrates and don’t have a backbone.

Jellyfish

© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.


Double Bikini Bo�om Bubble MapCompare and Contrast

Using what you know about SpongeBob SquarePants, and what you have learned about sea sponges from your reading, complete the double bubble map above.

REMEMBER: Circles in the middle are for what makes them similar, and circles on the outsides are for what makes them different.

SpongeBob SquarePan

ts Real Sea Sponge

Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.



Cut out each statement circle and paste it in the correct location on the Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map to compare and contrast SpongeBob SquarePants and a Real Sea Sponge.

Real Sea Sponge

SpongeBob SquarePan

ts

cantalk

can beyellow

lives inthe

ocean

movesvery

slowly

eatsKrabbyPatties

haspores

walkson two

legs

cannottalk

eatsbacteria

andplankton




Using what you know about Patrick Star, and what you have learned about sea stars from your reading, complete the double bubble map above.


Real Sea Star Patrick S

tar




Cut out each statement circle and paste it in the correct location on the Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map to compare and contrast Patrick Star and a Real Sea Star.

Patrick Star

Real Sea Star

cantalk

shapedlike astar

lives inthe

ocean

movesvery

slowly

eatsKrabbyPatties

haseyes

walkson two

legs

cannottalk

eatsshellfish




Using what you know about Squidward Tentacles, and what you have learned about the octopus from your reading, complete the double bubble map above.


Real Octopus

Squidward Tenta

cles




Cut out each statement circle and paste it in the correct location on the Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map to compare and contrast Squidward Tentacles and a Real Octopus.

Squidward Tenta

cles

Real Octopus

cantalk

has theability toplay theclarinet

lives inthe

ocean

has theability to

camouflagehaseyes

has sixtentacles

intelligenthas

eighttentacles

cannottalk



How Many ‘Likes’ Can YOU Geton Fishbook?

It’s a fish-eat-fish world in the deep, blue ocean. In this fast-paced world of predators and prey, it’s sometimes hard to keep up with just who is eating whom. Thank goodness for “Fishbook,” our ocean networking site.

Now you can keep up with the feeding trends by checking in with our new ocean friends.

DIRECTIONS: Using the informational chart below, complete the list of ‘Likes’for each ocean dweller on the following page.

The first posting on this page has been done for you as an example.

Ocean Dweller

Jellyfish

Crab

Plankton

Sea Snail

Octopus

Sea Star

Sea Sponge

What It ‘Likes’ To Eat

plankton, small fish, shrimp, crabs, tiny plants, and even other jellyfish

small fish, plankton, algae, small plants

other plankton and bacteria

algae and other sea snails

crabs, mollusks, shrimp, fish

sponges, plankton, mollusks

bacteria and plankton

Example:

Plankton

Jellyfish like this

Sea Stars like this

Sea Sponges like this

Crabs like this



How Many ‘Likes’ Can YOU Geton Fishbook?

DIRECTIONS: Using the previous informational chart,

complete the list of ‘Likes’

for each ocean dweller.

7. Mollusks

8. Shrimp

1. Fish

2. Crabs

4. Sea Snails

5. Jellyfish

6. Bacteria

3. Plants/Algae/ Sea Grasses



Select and read three of the informative texts about the creatures behind our Bikini Bottom friends (sea sponge, sea star, octopus, or jellyfish).Complete the tree map below to classify important characteristics of each sea creature.

Behind the CharactersTree Map Activity



Tell a“Jellyfish Story”

Mr. Krabs loves to tellthe occasional fish story.

A fish story is a story that exaggerates the truth ---

the way the fish a fisherman caught gets

bigger and biggerevery time he tells his story about it.

Now that you know a lot more about jellyfish, we want you to tell a

“Jellyfish Story.” Your story shouldinclude at least

5 facts about jellyfish, and two exaggerations.

Illustrate your story in the box provided.

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Search forward and backward, horizontally, verticallyand diagonally for the words in the Word Bank. Circle each word on the puzzle.

Word Search

Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________

Word Bank: SPONGEBOB JELLYFISH ROCK BOTTOM

PATRICK PLANKTON PINEAPPLE

SQUIDWARD SUB TREEDOME

BIKINI KRUSTY KRAB CONCH STREET

BOTTOM CAPTAIN KRABBY PATTY

GOO LAGOON ADVENTURE BEST DAY EVER

SANDY ANGLER FISH CAMPFIRE

S

P

O

N

G

E

B

O

B

W

P

L

M

K

N

A

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G

L

E

R

F

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S

H

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E

T



Instructions: Find the quotient to each equation, then match the letters to the riddle blanks below.

Marine Math ManiaRecommended for 4th Grade

Riddle: If the Earth was flat and a fish swam over the edge, where would it go?

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ !

4 9 3 2 12

5 10 7 6 8 1 11

T 30 ÷ 6 = ________

P 27 ÷ 3 = ________

O 14 ÷ 2 = ________

E 24 ÷ 2 = ________

A 18 ÷ 6 = ________

T 56 ÷ 7 = ________

U 54 ÷ 9 = ________

R 33 ÷ 3 = ________

S 28 ÷ 7 = ________

R 70 ÷ 7 = ________

C 18 ÷ 9 = ________

E 11 ÷ 11 = ________



Instructions: Find the difference to each equation, then match the letters to the riddle blanks below.


________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ !234 318 774 508 94

136 629 249 524 538 306 127

T 282 - 146

S 592 - 358

A 871 - 97

P 560 - 242

R 957 - 328

T 775 - 237

O 490 - 241

C 824 - 316

U 650 - 126

E 423 - 117

E 153 - 59

R 256 - 129

Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________




Instructions: Find the sum or difference to each equation, then match the letters to the riddle blanks below.

7 85 8

11 121 6

5 9 7 10

7 12

1 8 4 9

9 10 2 9

5 12

T 1 + 5 = ________ 4 8

P 7 - 3 = ________ 8 4

O 1 + 5 = ________ 2 12

E 5 - 1 = ________ 9 3

A 5 - 5 = ________ 6 12

T 2 + 3 = ________ 5 10

U 5 - 2 = ________ 6 3

R 1 + 2 = ________ 3 9

S 3 + 3 = ________ 10 5

R 1 + 1 = ________ 8 2

C 7 - 1 = ________ 9 3

E 11 - 1 = ________ 12 3

Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________


________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ !




Oil Spill Lab*Adult supervision is necessary.

This experiment is designed to help you to understandthe difficulties involving oil spill cleanups.

To perform this experiment you will need the following materials:

• Two aluminum pie pans, each half-filled with water• Cotton balls• Nylon• String

Materials:• A medicine dropper full of vegetable oil• Paper towels• Liquid dish detergent• Feathers



Oil Spill LabInterpretive Questions

1. What will happen to the oil when you drop it on the water? Will it sink, float or mix with the water? Can you think of any reasons that might explain the reaction?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which material will clean up the oil in the least amount of time: cotton, nylon, paper towel, or string? What qualities does that particular material have that enables it to do so?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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3. How might wind, waves, and climate affect the combination of oil and water?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Answer BEFORE beginning the experiment



Oil Spill LabProcedures 1-2

Complete each of the following 4 procedures and observe what happens*Adult supervision is necessary.

Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________

1. Put five drops of oil into one of the oceans (your aluminum pie pans). Observe the action of the oil and record what happens. How does this reaction compare with your predictions?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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2. One at a time, use the different materials (nylon, cotton, string, and paper towels) to try to clean up the oil from the water, keeping track of the amount of oil each material was able to clean up, and how fast it worked. (These materials are those from which booms and skimmers are made.) Which material cleaned up the oil fastest? Which one performed the best cleanup?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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3. Add five drops of oil to the second pan, and then add 5 drops of detergent. (The detergent represents a chemical dispersant). Observe what happens. Where do you think the oil would go in the real ocean?

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4. Dip a feather directly into some oil. What happens to it? How do you think this might affect a bird’s behavior, such as flying, preening, and feeding?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________

Oil Spill LabProcedures 3-4

Complete each of the following 4 procedures and observe what happens*Adult supervision is necessary.



Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________

Follow the instructions below to create your own jellyfish in a bottle!

*Adult supervision is necessary.

Recycled A�Jellyfish in a Bo�le

Materials:• Plastic grocery bag• Water bottle• Thread or string

• Food coloring• Scissors• Water

8 Step Instructions:

Step 1

Flatten the bagand cut offthe handle

and bottom part.

Step 2

Cut along both sidesto split it into

two plastic sheets.You will only need

one sheet per jellyfish.

Step 3

From the center of the plastic sheet,

fold it like a tiny balloon to makethe head part and tie it with

the thread --- not too tight.You must leave a little hole in order

to pour some water into the head part.

Step 4

Once you’vesecured the head,the remaining plastic

will be the jellyfish’s tentacles.Cut from the edge up to the head, roughly, to make about eight

to ten tentacles.



Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________

Follow the instructions continued below to create your own jellyfish in a bottle!

*Adult supervision is necessary.

Your “Jellyfish in a Bottle” is finished!Don’t forget to make sure the cap is properly closed and tight

before you shake it.

8 Step Instructions: continued

Step 4

For each tentacle,cut again into three or four

small strings and cut offthe remaining part.

Step 6

Trim to makerandom long and

short tentacles.

Step 7

Put some waterinto the head part,

so that it can sink, but leavesome air inside to allow

it to float.

Step 8

Fill up your water bottle.Put your jellyfish into the bottle,

along with a few drops of blue food coloring. Screw on

the cap and shake lightly.

Recycled A�Jellyfish in a Bo�le



Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map - Patrick Star Version: Answers will vary, suggested answers appear below

Patrick Star

can talk

eats Krabby Patties

walks on two legs

Both

shaped like a star

lives in the ocean

has eyes

Real Sea Star

cannot talk

eats shellfish

moves very slowly

Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map - Squidward Tentacles Version: Answers will vary, suggested answers appear below

Squidward Tentacles

can talk

has six tentacles

has the ability to play the clarinet

Both

lives in the ocean

intelligent

has eyes

Real Octopus

cannot talk

has eight tentacles

has the ability to camouflage

Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map - SpongeBob SquarePants Version: Answers will vary, suggested answers appear below

SpongeBob SquarePants

can talk

eats Krabby Patties

walks on two legs

Both

lives in the ocean

can be yellow

has pores

Real Sea Sponge

cannot talk

eats bacteria and plankton

moves very slowly

Grades 4-6Learning Resource Guide

Answer Key



Behind the Characters Tree Map Activity

Answers will vary based on which characters are chosen and which characteristics students choose to include. Teachers should check student responses against the information provided in the reading passages.

How Many ‘Likes’ Can YOU Get on Fishbook?

1. Fish: jellyfish, crab, octopus

2. Crabs: jellyfish, octopus

3. Plants/Algae/Sea Grasses: jellyfish, crab, sea snail

4. Sea Snails: sea snails

5. Jellyfish: jellyfish

6. Bacteria: plankton, sea sponges

7. Mollusks: octopus, sea star

8. Shrimp: jellyfish, octopus


Answer Key



Marine Math Mania - 4th Grade Version: Answers to the math problems


Answer: Trouter Space

5

9

7

12

4

10

2

1

3

8

6

11

7___8

T= S= A= P= R= T=

O= C= U= E= E= R=

9___10

5___12

5___8

1___8

7___10

11___12

4___9

1___6

7___12

2___9

5___9

Marine Math Mania - 6th Grade Version: Answers to the math problems (equation answers = left to right, top to bottom)



Marine Math Mania - 5th Grade Version: Answers to the math problemsRiddle: If the Earth was flat and a fish swam over the edge, where would it go?


136

249

234

508

774

524

629

94

318

306

538

127

Oil Spill Lab

Answers will vary based on student hypotheses, observations and materials used.


Answer Key



Sea Sponge (pages 1-2)

Adapted from: http://a-z-animals.com/animals/sponge/

Sea Star (pages 3-4)

Adapted from: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/starfish/

Octopus (pages 5-6)

Adapted from: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/common-octopus/

Jellyfish (page 7-8)

Adapted from: http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/kids/animals/creaturefeature/jellyfish/

Oil Spill Lab (pages 23-26)

Adapted from: http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/learning/midlab.htm

Recycled Art: Jellyfish in a Bottle (pages 27-28)

Adapted from: http://bhoomplay.wordpress.com/2011/09/09/diy_jellyfish_eng/


Sources



Documents

SB SP LRG Grades4-6 COLOR P1-P16 lores · Sea Sponge continued Sponges can be found in a variety of different sizes and shapes: tubes, fans, cups, cones and blobs. Sponges are omnivorous