SC Indicator 8-3.7Illustrate the creation and changing of landforms that

have occurred through geologic processes (including

volcanic eruptions and mountain-building forces).

Mountain Building Forces and Faults

Building Mountains

• Forces (stresses) that cause rocks to break or move are:– Tension– Compression– Shearing

– These forces cause the lithosphere to bend and stretch

These stresses can be strong enough to cause rocks to break

• This creates faults: a fracture in Earth’s lithosphere

• Blocks of rock move past each other along faults

• Earthquakes occur along faults when these rocks move

South Carolina Faults

Tension forces• Tension: forces that pull

rocks apart

• Occurs at divergent boundaries

• Tension stretches rock

• Creates a normal fault

• If a normal fault uplifts a large block of rock, a fault-block mountain forms

Normal Fault

Normal Faults

Fault-block mountains

Normal fault in Death Valley, CA

Compression Forces• Compression: forces

that push or squeeze rocks together

• Occurs along continental convergent boundaries

• Rock folds or breaks• Creates reverse

faults

Compression can produce mountain ranges

If pressure is applied slowly, folded mountains form

Appalachian Mtns. Himalayan Mtns.

Rocky Mtns. Of Wyoming

Shearing Forces• Shearing: forces

that cause rocks on either side of faults to push in opposite directions

• Causes rock to break and split apart

• Creates strike-slip faults

Plate Boundaries

Movements form

Movements form

Movements form

Do Now: Tuesday 3/23Read pgs. 221-225 in

textbook and answer the following questions (copy down the questions):

1. What is a fault?2. Where are most faults

located?3. Explain how earthquakes

occur.4. Where do most

earthquakes occur?5. What are the three types

of faults?6. What type of stress

produces a reverse fault?

Do Now Thursday 2/19On light-blue side of PACT workbook:Read pgs. 73-74 and answer the following

questions:

1. What type of stress will create a normal fault?2. How do normal faults form?3. What three landform features are formed due to

tension forces?4. What type of stress can create mountains,

reverse faults, and volcanoes?5. What happens in order for volcanoes and

mountains to form along a coastline?6. Why are there so many earthquakes along the

San Andreas Fault?

Do Now Thursday March 25

1. Where converging continental plates meet, earthquakes often occur. What type of stress is placed on the rocks along converging continental plate boundaries?

A. Normal

B. Compression

C. Tension

D. Shearing

2. The primary cause of continental drift, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions is

A. convection currents beneath Earth's crust.

B. the rotation of Earth on its axis.

C. the gradual sinking of Earth's crust.

D. heat form the Sun warming Earth.

Do Now – Friday Feb 20

In PACT workbook (dark blue side)

Complete pg. 83 #48-51

Do Now – Monday March 29

In PACT workbook (dark blue side)

Complete pg. 45 #1-4

Diagram the Faults

• Draw a diagram for each of the three types of faults. Include:– Arrows showing block

movement– Label the type of plate

boundary, stress, and fault

• Use the diagrams on pgs. 224-225 to help you create your own illustrations