SCADA - General Interoduction

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Supervisory Control &Data Acquisition Systems

Prolific Systems and Technologies Pvt Ltd


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What is SCADA?

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition



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Why SCADA?

Previously without SCADA software, an industrialprocess was entirely controlled by PLC, CNC , PID &micro controllers having programmed in certainlanguages or codes.

These codes were either written in assembly language orrelay logic without any true animation that wouldexplain the process running.

It is always easy to understand the status of the process if

it is shown with some animations rather then writtencodes.

Hence SCADA software came to existence and with someexclusive features it became internal part of automationsystem


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S C A D A

Now a days, the control systems are alwayscoupled with Man Machine Interface or

Supervisory Control and Data AcquisitionSoftware, this is because SCADA provide acomplete pictorial overview of the entire plantprocess with necessary monitoring and control

facilities at a central location.



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It works like a supervisor who supervises the entire plantarea, it also controls the process as well as it converts thedata segments for storing process values i.e. level ,pressure , switch positions , density , temperature,

messages , etc.

From a distant place if we want to run the process i.e.starting , stopping , opening and closing of fieldinstruments as well as logging the various values. SCADA

can do for you.

SCADA software is to be connected to PLC / PID / DCSsystems which in turn are connected to field instruments.

S C A D A



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Hazardous areas , unhygienic places , hilly areas andsea beds where a person cant be send regularly butprocess has to be watched continuously or it shouldbe controlled then it can be done using SCADA.

Without going to field area if one wants to resetalarms or wants to log a data for a period of time orwants to know status of various units of his companythen SCADA is the best option.

S C A D A



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Features of typical SCADA software include ,

Dynamic process graphic

Real-time and Historical trending

Alarms

Recipe Management

Security

Device connectivity

Script for logic development

Database connectivity

Networking


S C A D A


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Dynamic Process Graphics

Using this feature, one can develop graphics which canresemble the plant.

The graphics can include Reactors, valves, pumps,agitators, conveyors as well as other equipment andmachinery used in the plant.

The status of the equipment running / stopped can beshown using different colours / animation.

Typically the SCADA software will have many ready touse symbols for proper representation which can beused in any type of industry.



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Real-time & Historical Trends

This facility is used for representing the data in graphicalform.

Typically the trends plots the value with reference to thetime

Real-time data will plot the real-time value for fixedperiod of time while historical data will have historicaldata stored value which can be viewed on demand..

Depending upon the storing capacity of the hard-disk onecan specify the no of days the data can be stored

Some SCADA software show real-time and historicaltrends in single graphics while fewrs use separate tools.



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Alarms

Every plant needs proper monitoring and control ofthe process parameters.

Alarms represent warnings of process conditions

that could cause problems, and require an operatorresponse

Generally alarms are implemented by using thelamps or hooters in field but in SCADA it can be

represented using animation. In many SCADA software, four type of alarm limits

are used ie HI, HIHI, LOW, LOW LOW



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Recipe Management

In many cases we use the same plant formanufacturing different product range. For examplean oil blending plant can manufacture power oil,

transformer oil, automobile oil.

The recipe management is facility used for maintainvarious recipes of different products and implement iton the process.

The recipe can be stored in a single server and it can befetched by any client server from any area to run theprocess.



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Security

Every SCADA software has various levels of securityfor securing the application by avoidingunauthorised access.

Depending upon the access level given the operator/ engineers is allowed to do the task. In most of thecases, operators are allowed only to operate the plantwhile maintenance engineers can do the applicationmodifications.

The security can be given for individual as well asfor groups.



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Device Connectivity

Every control hardware has its own communicationprotocol for communicating with different hadrware /software. Some of the leading communication protocolinclude Modbus, Profibus, Ethernet, Dh +, DH 485,

Devicenet, Control net.

The SCADA software needs device driver software forcommunication with PLC or other control hardware.

More the driver software available better is the deviceconnectivity. Most of the SCADA software used in theindustry have connectivity with most of the leadingcontrol system.



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Database Connectivity

In many plants, it is important to download the real-time information to the MIS. In this case the database

connectivity is must.

Many SCADA software dont have their own database.Hence for storage and reporting they use third partydatabase like MS Access or SQL



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Scripts

Script is a way of writing logic in SCADA software.Every SCADA software has its own instructions andway of writing program.

Using scripts, one can develop complex applications.You can create your own functions to suit the processrequirement. execution.

Various types of scripts make project execution simpler

for programmer.



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Networking

In many application, we have to use more than oneSCADA software / operator stations. This can beachieved by taking the SCADA node on network.

In many cases Ethernet TCP/IP is commonly usedfor networking.

In certain cases the SCADA software use propriety

networking protocols for networking.



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Type of SCADA software andLicensing

Typically the SCADA software are sold with

Functionality ie Development and Runtime or

Runtime only No of tags supported

Some of the SCADA software use HardwareLock ( hardware key to be attached on parallelport), while other use software license iesoftware key to be installed on the hard disk


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Industry Capabilities



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Local Control Stations (OI and HM I )



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Evolution of SCADA

To start with the SCADA software were used for monitor and controlling the

parameters locally.


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Evolution of SCADA

Subsequently the modems were used the monitor the data over adistance


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Advanced Network Arrangement

The latest advancement in the SCADA technology includes thedata monitoring on wide area network using modems, Ethernet

tcp/ip as well as GPS system


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Some of the Leading SCADA Software

Wonderware : InTouch

Intellution : iFix (Earlier Fix DMACS)

Allen Bradley : RS View (Earlier Control View) Siemens : WinCC (Earlier Coros LS /B )

GE Fanuc : Cimplicity

Indusoft : I W S Movicon : Progea



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Wireless Industrial Applications

Wireless Ethernet, Self-Powered WirelessSensors

RFID

Wireless and RFID technologies are finding extensive usage in afield of industrial automation


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Typical Industry Application

Apart from manufacturing process, SCADA software are beingused very effectively in water supply and management. The

functionality includes.


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Typical I ndustry Application

Control of SubstationsControl of auto-reclosersLoad sheddingMetering

Downtime analysisDespatch and assessment

Electricity

In electricity, the functionality includes.



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Chemical Plants



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Gas and Water Pipelines




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Reservoir Management



Documents

SCADA - General Interoduction