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Schizoaffective DisorderWhat is it?
How does it affect the person diagnosed?
How is it dealt with?
Alexandra Chapman8th period
What is Schizoaffective Disorder?
A mental disorder that consists of Schizophrenia and a mood disorder (bipolar or depression)
No known cause, genetics and chemical environment of the brain may be involved
Rare in children
Women > Men
Affects 1/100
schizophrenia + depression = schizoaffective disorder
schizophrenia + (depression + mania) = schizoaffective disorder
To understand this disorder we must first understand what schizophrenia and the most common mood disorder experienced with schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, is.
What is Schizophrenia?
A serious mental disorder that: confuses fantasy and reality, makes it hard to think clearly, makes expressing emotions hard, and makes acting normally in a social setting hard
Not absolute sure of cause but genes play a role
Women = Men
Signs in teen years or young adulthood; women’s signs appear later
Childhood schizophrenia is rare, starts after age 5, hard to defer from other things like autism
Schizophrenics are NOT all violent people
Most lead somewhat normal lives
1% of Americans suffer from
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
How does it affect the person diagnosed? There are three types: positive, negative, and cognitive
Positive Symptoms (Psychotic Symptoms)
Hallucinations (hearing, seeing, smelling, feeling things that are not there that no one else does)
Delusions (strongly held false beliefs)
Disorganized thinking patterns (can’t organize or express thoughts logically)
Paranoia (delusions of persecution [ someone is out to hurt them])
Agitated body movements (repeat certain movements uncontrollably or no body response)
Negative Symptoms (Behavioral Disruptions)
Monotone voice
Little to no movement in face or body when speaking
Lack of motivation
Lack of happiness
Very little speech
Neglecting of basic hygiene
Laziness
Cognitive Symptoms (Mental Abilities)
Trouble understanding info needed to make decisions (choices)
Trouble focusing, staying attentive, and/or concentrating
Trouble applying learned information
How is it dealt with?
Antipsychotic Medications
Side Effects include: restlessness, weight gain, sleepiness, dizziness, tremors, slowed movements
Long term use can lead to dyskinesia (repetition of certain movements uncontrollably)
Support Programs and Therapy
Can lead to: physical illness, substance abuse, or suicide/suicidal behavior
What is Bipolar Disorder?
A mood disorder where a person has extreme, abnormal periods (episodes) of severe depression and/or severe mania
Not exactly sure of cause but they think the brain’s chemical environment and genetics play a role
Women = Men
Starts ages 15-25
High risk of suicide and substance abuse
Depressive episodes < Manic episodes
Childbirth, insomnia, drug use, and antidepressants/steroids can trigger a manic episode
Types of Bipolar Disorder
Normal
Major Depressive
Mania
Mild Depression
HypomaniaBipolar I Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder
Cyclothymia
Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
How does it affect the person diagnosed? What are the symptoms of a manic and a depressive episode?
Manic Symptoms
Easily distracted
Bad temper
Bad judgment
Lack of need for sleep
Lack of self-control
Elevated mood
Reckless behavior
Irritable
Fast and excessive speech
Very involved
Depressive Symptoms
Downed mood; sad
Eating problems
Difficulty concentrating and focusing
Difficulty making decisions and remembering things
Fatigue
Feeling worthless, hopeless, or guilty
Lowered self-esteem
Loss of pleasure
Suicidal thoughts or behavior
Over-sleeping or insomnia
Isolation
How is it dealt with? Part I
The goals of treatment:
Decrease severity of episodes
Decrease frequency of episodes
Prevent self-harm
Prevent suicide
Help function well “normally” daily
How is it dealt with? Part II
2 Types of medicines used
1st- mood stabilizers to “avoid” mood swings
2nd- antipsychotics and antidepressants
Other cases
May be hospitalized in severe episodes
Stay until mood is stable and behavior is controlled
Schizoaffective Disorder
Now that we know what it consists of, how does it answer our two remaining questions?
Quick Review
In case you forgot about what Schizoaffective Disorder is…
A mental disorder that includes schizophrenia and a mood disorder
schizophrenia + depression = schizoaffective disorder
schizophrenia + (depression + mania) = schizoaffective disorder
Symptoms
Many of those in common with symptoms of Schizophrenia (psychosis)
Extreme mood disturbances
Many in common with bipolar symptoms
Psychosis symptoms solely must be experienced for at least 2 weeks
Things that can mimic these symptoms but are NOT Schizoaffective Disorder
Seizure disorders
Steroid medications
Drug abuse
How is it dealt with?
Treatment options
Antipsychotic medications
Antidepressant medications
Mood stabilizing medicines
Speech therapy
Talk therapy
Group therapy
Work training/support
Treatment complications
Drug abuse
Medication/therapy problems