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School SBIRT: What, Why, and How

School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

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Page 1: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

School SBIRT: What, Why, and How

Page 2: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Goals of this presentation:

1. Obtain an overview of the what, why, and how of SBIRT.

2. Get information about upcoming training.

3. Consider a decision to move forward with training and implementation… or not.

Page 3: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

What is SBIRT?

• A well‐established, comprehensive public health model used to address selected health behaviors within a population.

• Originally designed for delivery in busy healthcare settings.

Page 4: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

What is SBIRT?

• A well‐established, comprehensive public health model used to address selected health behaviors within a population.

• Originally designed for delivery in busy healthcare settings.

• Readily adapted for delivery in middle/high schools by pupil services staff.

Page 5: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Delivering SBIRT

Processes/Components 

• Engaging• Screening• Focusing• Brief Intervention

Page 6: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Parental Permission

• Best practice is to involve parents right from the start;

• Since we are using this screening tool with students who have been referred to pupil service for a specific problem or situation, contacting the parent prior to administering the screener may make it easier if concerns arise in the analysis of the results.

Page 7: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

1. SCREENING

• Administer and score a standardized behavioral health instrument to quickly ascertain student level of risk. 

o GAIN‐SS examines problem symptomso TLFB* Calendar examines frequency of 

a specific target behavior* = Time Line Follow Back

Page 8: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

GAIN‐SS(Global Appraisal of Individual Need ‐Short Screen)

4 domains

Possible results:• Low/No Risk• Moderate Risk • High Risk

1.

4.

3.

2.

Internalizing Sxs

Externalizing Sxs

AOD Sxs

Crime/Violence Sxs

Page 9: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Time Line Follow Back (TLFB) Calendar Examines the past 30‐day frequency of a target behavior.

Page 10: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

1. SCREENING (cont.)

• Administer and score... then• Interpret results; ascertain student 

level of risk.• Initiate Brief Intervention for results 

that show moderate or high risk.

Page 11: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

2. BRIEF INTERVENTION (BI)• Delivered using a protocol.• 1‐4 sessions, about 20 minutes each.• Communication style matters:

Directing Guiding Following

AdministerConductDetermineManageSteer

Take chargeTell

AttendBe responsiveGo along with

ListenObserve

UnderstandTake in

AccompanyAssistAwakenElicit 

CollaborateSupportMotivate

Page 12: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

2. BRIEF INTERVENTION (BI)• Delivered using a protocol.• 1‐4 sessions, about 15 minutes each.• Guiding style of communication (Motivational 

Interviewing).• Collaborative, empathetic, and respectful of choice.• Designed to enhance and strengthen a student’s 

internal motivation for change on a specific target behavior. 

• This is accomplished by evoking (drawing out) and exploring the student’s own reasons for change (Change Talk) in an atmosphere of acceptance.

Page 13: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Guiding Style of Communication(Motivational Interviewing)

Use Core SkillsFocus on Target Behavior 

Recognize Student Change Talk

Elements of BI Practice

• Asking• Listening• Informing

Page 14: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Guiding Style of Communication(Motivational Interviewing)

Protocol& Tools

Use Core SkillsFocus on Target Behavior 

Recognize Student Change Talk

Elements of BI Practice

Page 15: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Tools:• Importance Ruler• Pros & Cons Worksheet• Change Plan• Confidence Ruler

Structure:• 1‐4 sessions• 20 minutes each• weekly to bi‐weekly

Brief Intervention Protocol

Page 16: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Practice as Usual• Staff ideas for change are central.• Ambivalence is pathologized.• Educate students!• Staff tells more than listens;     lots 

of informing.• Ask lots of closed questions       

(fact gathering).• Ignore or confront student choice. • Overuse of a Directing Style.

Brief Intervention• Student ideas for change are central.• Ambivalence is normalized.• Evoke from students!• Staff listens more than tells; minimal 

use of informing.• Ask some key open questions 

(motivation enhancing).• Embrace and emphasize student 

choice.• Strategic use of a Guiding Style.

Page 17: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

3. REFERRAL to TREATMENT (RT)

• This is a data‐driven decision based on a student’s response to BI.

• Referral could be internal for more school‐based services.

• Referral could also be a recommendation for assessment by a licensed mental health or substance abuse professional.

• RT strengthens linkages between school and community‐based services.

Page 18: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Why deliver SBIRT?

1) Expands student services capacity to address a range of behavioral health concerns.

Page 19: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Evidence‐based practice for     adolescent alcohol/drug use…

* Reduced frequency of use* Reduced problem symptoms* Increased rates of abstinence* Increased engagement in 

services

Winters et al. (2007)

Page 20: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Attendance

Homework completion

Classroom conduct

Fighting

Mental health

Promising practice to address…

Page 21: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Why deliver SBIRT?

1) Expands pupil services capacity.2) Fits with pupil services philosophy.3) Student friendly; works with culturally 

diverse teens; highly engaging.4) Fits within PBIS and Response to 

Intervention (RtI) frameworks.

Page 22: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

II

I

IIIScreen all students here• Individual BI• Consider RT

Screen selected students• Individual or group‐based 

Brief Intervention

Universal screening?     Ideal, but not feasible if done   by existing school staff. 

SBIRT fits within PBIS

Page 23: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

SBIRT Pilot Results (2013‐2014) Follow up screening was conducted at 30 days from initial 

screening to ascertain Response to BI. 

• District plan: deliver SBIRT to all students suspended for AOD involvement as part of reinstatement

• # high school students = 32– Alcohol (n = 17)– Marijuana (n = 15)

• Average # BI sessions = 3 (range 2‐6)• Successful completion rate = 97%  (n = 31)

Page 24: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Staff recorded data using this tracking sheet.

Initial Screening Results

Follow up Screening Results

Page 25: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Past 30‐day substance use (TLFB Calendar)Av

erage # da

ys/tim

es

p < .01 p < .01

33% Abstinent

61%

93%

Page 26: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Student AOD Symptoms (GAIN‐SS) Av

erage # symptom

s (0‐5)

Mod

erate Risk

High

 Risk

No/Low

p < .05

Page 27: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Student Evaluation of SBIRT Services

Item Results

• The discussion about alcohol/drug use was helpful.

3.86

• The counselor listened to me and tried to understand my perspective.

3.95

• The meeting helped me to examine the “pros” and “cons” of my alcohol/drug use.

3.76

• The counselor helped me to feel more confident about changing my alcohol/drug use.

3.76

1(strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree)

Page 28: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Limitations of SBIRT

1) Tested down to age 12.2) Students who have already made changes.3) Harm reduction philosophy may conflict 

with staff orientation or district “zero tolerance” policies.

4) Takes staff time and focus during initial implementation.

Page 29: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Why deliver SBIRT? Bottom Line

SBIRT is an efficient and effective way for pupil services to address behavioral health 

problems that students can present. Implementing SBIRT should not be seen as 

“another thing to do” but should be seen as a way to meet the needs of your students while advancing your district’s values and priorities.

Page 30: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

The How: Factors that Promote Successful Implementation

• School leadership and staff sees value in SBIRT and prioritizes its delivery.

• Strategic planning for how SBIRT will be delivered.• More than one staff is trained.• Staff engage their own behavior change process.• Good adherence to the SBIRT protocol.• A simple data collection system is used to ascertain RtI.• Based on the data, a quality improvement process is initiated to increase fidelity of services.

Page 31: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Active implementation versus                 “train and hope” approach

How is the SBIRT Implementation Project different than typical 

professional development offerings? 

Page 32: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

1) Explore  Decide 2) Plan3) Learn4) Deliver5) Improve

Active Implementation

Page 33: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

For more on School SBIRT, go to the WISH Center website:  

www.wishschools.org/resources/schoolsbirt.cfm

Page 34: School SBIRT: What, Why, and How - Wisconsin Department of

Thank you!

School SBIRT trainer contact information:

• Scott Caldwell, WI Department of Health Services: [email protected]• Tracy Herlitzke, WISH Center Director: (608) 786‐4838 or [email protected]• Christine Kleiman, CESAs 1, 7, 8: (920) 617‐5645 or [email protected]• Jackie Schoening, CESAs 2, 3, 6: (920) 236‐0515 or [email protected]• Lynn Verage, CESAs 5, 9, 12: (715) 453‐2141or [email protected]• Carol Zabel, CESAs 4, 10, 11: (715) 720‐2145 or [email protected]