Science Project Dps

8/17/2019 Science Project Dps

1/22

PHYSICS


2/22

1.Charge only comes in countable numbers. The smallest amount of charge that has ever

been observed is the charge on the electron and/or the charge on the proton (both the same

amount, but opposite type). Hence the term "quantization of charge." Quantum or

"quantized" means that it is numbered or integer-countable (can come in -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, etc.but not 1.5 or pi, et al), and a quantum is essentially one of those quantized objects. The

total charge on a charged object is therefore the number of individual charges, all of which

are either electrons or protons, multiplied by the charge on one of them. Therefore, if there

are 10̂10 electrons roaming around with no protons to counter the free charge on them,

then the total charge in that area is 10̂10 * -1.6*10̂-19 (q) = 1.6*10̂-9 coulombs or -1.6

nanocoulombs (electron charge is negative)

2. Well electrons do have a mass, albeit an extremely small mass.

But usually when you put a charge on something you are stripping away electrons

so it sounds like your mass would decrease.

But If you put a positive charge on something it would have to increase mass, but

you would need a lot of electrons to be able to even measure the weight

3

4 Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is

directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Introducing the constant ofproportionality, the resistance,[1] one arrives at the usual mathematical equation that describes this

relationship:

where I is the current through the conductor in units of amperes, V is the potential difference

measured across the conductor in units of volts, and R is the resistance of the conductor in units

of ohms. More specifically, hm!s law states that the R in this relation is constant, independent of

the current.["]

#he law was named after the $erman physicist $eorg hm, who, in a treatise published in 1%&',

described measurements of applied voltage and current through simple electrical circuits

containing various lengths of wire. (e presented a slightly more comple) equation than the one

above *see(istory section below+ to e)plain his e)perimental results. #he above equation is the

modern form of hm!s law.

In physics, the term Ohm's law is also used to refer to various generaliations of the law originally

formulated by hm. #he simplest e)ample of this is:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_differencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_differencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law#Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_differencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law#Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current


3/22

where J is the current density at a given location in a resistive material, E is the electric field at that

location, and σ *-igma+ is a materialdependent parameter called the conductivity. #his

reformulation of hm!s law is due to $ustav /irchhoff .[0]

The limitations of Ohm’s law are explained as follows:

1) This law cannot be applied to unilateral networks. A unilateral network has unilateral

elements like diode, transistors, etc., which do not have same voltage current relation for

both directions of current.

2) hm!s law is also not applicable for non " linear elements. #on " linear elements are

those which do not give current through it, is not exactl$ proportional to the voltage

applied, that means the resistance value of those elements changes for different values of

voltage and current. %xamples of non " linear elements are th$ristor , electric arc, etc.

&'

(

1* Resistance is the obstruction offered to the flow of current by a conductor.

Resistivity is the obstruction offered to the flow of current by UNIT AREA OF the

conductor.

So basically, resistance is the property of the object (say a copper wire), whereasresistivity is the property of the substance (copper).

And so resistance depends upon the properties of the object.

Whereas resistivity depends upon the properties of the metal.

So for example take two objects A and B made of aluminium. Both are of a different

size.

The resistance of A & B will be different.

But the resistivity will be the same

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_densityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductivityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law#cite_note-4http://www.electrical4u.com/ohms-law-equation-formula-and-limitation-of-ohms-law/http://www.electrical4u.com/voltage-or-electric-potential-difference/http://www.electrical4u.com/electric-current-and-theory-of-electricity/http://www.electrical4u.com/ohms-law-equation-formula-and-limitation-of-ohms-law/http://www.electrical4u.com/electric-current-and-theory-of-electricity/http://www.electrical4u.com/voltage-or-electric-potential-difference/http://www.electrical4u.com/voltage-or-electric-potential-difference/http://www.electrical4u.com/silicon-controlled-rectifier-scr-two-transistor-model-operating-principle/#What-is-Thyristor-or-SCR?https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_densityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductivityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law#cite_note-4http://www.electrical4u.com/ohms-law-equation-formula-and-limitation-of-ohms-law/http://www.electrical4u.com/voltage-or-electric-potential-difference/http://www.electrical4u.com/electric-current-and-theory-of-electricity/http://www.electrical4u.com/ohms-law-equation-formula-and-limitation-of-ohms-law/http://www.electrical4u.com/electric-current-and-theory-of-electricity/http://www.electrical4u.com/voltage-or-electric-potential-difference/http://www.electrical4u.com/voltage-or-electric-potential-difference/http://www.electrical4u.com/silicon-controlled-rectifier-scr-two-transistor-model-operating-principle/#What-is-Thyristor-or-SCR?


4/22

+%-/T0


5/22

Photosynthesis

Biological importance

1) It transforms sunlight energy into chemical energy stored in molecules.

2) The molecules that trap the energy in their chemical bonds are also used as

building blocks for other molecules.

3) Photosynthesis releases free oxygen gas into the environment, which is essentail

for the survival of all life forms.

Conditions for photosynthesis

Below are things that plants need for photosynthesis:

Carbon dioxide (A colorless, naturally occuring odorless gas found in the air we breathe. It

has a scientific symbol CO. CO is produced by burning carbon and organic compounds. It is

also produced when plants and animals breathe out during respiration!

"ater

#ight ($%en though both natural and artificial light is O& for plants, natural sunlight is

usually great for photosynthesis because they ha%e other natural ' properties that help the

plant!

Chlorophyll ()his is the green pigment found in the lea%es of plants!

*utrients and minerals (Chemicals and organic compounds which the plant+roots absorb

from the soil!


6/22

Below are things that plants make by photosynthesis:

lucose Oxygen

Its usefulnessPhotosynthesis doesn't only give us the air we can breathe, but keeps our plants

alive that animals eat and right now it is important as ever. Photosynthesis keeps

carbon dioxide leveled, but sadly with deforestation and peoples addiction to pumping

CO2 into our atmosphere photosynthesis isn't enough we need to put in our own two

cents to STOP the climate crisis. Anyways, back to the subject. Photosynthesis keeps

our food supply healthy, and our Earth healthy.


7/22

$ffects on the en%ironment

-hotosynthesis is directly related to the life and sur%i%al of all the other

li%ing creatures on earth. It not ust supplies oxygen, without which,

breathing and being ali%e would be difficult, but it also supplies food and

energy to all.

Among all the li%ing organisms on planet earth, only plants are capable of

producing their own food and deri%ing energy from it. *o other li%ing

creature can produce their food and thus, depend on plants or other

creatures which feed on plants to sur%i%e. )herefore, by producing energy,

the plants supply all the necessary nutrients and energy directly and/or

indirectly to the other li%ing creatures. )he production of this energy is

possible through photosynthesis.

oing by all the abo%e facts, it is e%ident how photosynthesis plays a %ital

role in regulating the life cycle on $arth. *ow you may reali0e its

importance e%ery time you breathe in and out, and ta1e a loo1 at the

plants at your bac1yard, neighborhood, or front garden. 2unlight, water,

and plants wor1 together to supply the raw source of energy to us, and

help us breathe in oxygen to li%e on. #ife without photosynthesis would

thus be impossible.


8/22

0espirator$

BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE

espiration is important because it produces energy that is essential for the normal

functioning of the body. espiration provides cells with o)ygen and e)pels to)ic carbon

dio)ide. #he 223 notes that cells need energy for movement, multiplication, the synthesis of

essential molecules and maintaining body temperature.

Respiratory biology is at the center of moern health st!y an practice" #hen

p!lmonary $entilation or i%!sion becomes ins!&cient' the respiratory system

fails an life is in (eopary" )An ins!&ciency in p!lmonary perf!sion *o!l be

classi+e as cariac fail!re", One ca!se of $entilatory fail!re in$ol$es central

ner$o!s control of breathing or inhibition of transmission of ne!ronal imp!lses to

the respiratory m!sc!lat!re" -entilation can also fail !e to bloc.age of the

air*ays by cho.ing' or in s!ch iseases as obstr!cti$e sleep apnea' COP/

)chronic obstr!cti$e p!lmonary isease,' emphysema' or asthma" /i%!sion is

inhibite in pne!monia' p!lmonary eema' cystic +brosis' or hyaline membrane

isease of the l!ng" L!ng cancer' epening on the type an se$erity can a%ect

all of the abo$e f!nctions" In aition to all this' the l!ng can ser$e as a port of

entry for to0ic s!bstances an airborne isease $ectors"


9/22

CON/ITION1 RE23IRE/

The presence of oxygen, nutrients and space to discard their metabolic products are

the conditions for cellular respiration in aerobic organisms. 4naerobic organisms

require an absence of o)ygen and the presence of different nutrients from their aerobic

counterparts

espiration is the set of metabolic processes that the cells of a living organism completes toconvert biochemical energy from nutrients into 4#5. 6utrients that aerobic cells commonly

use in respiration include sugar, amino acids and fatty acids.

espiration involves catabolic reactions, where large molecules are bro7en down into

smaller ones. #he chemical bond energy of these large molecules is released in the process

and utilied by the cell to do useful wor7. 8)amples of vital functions that utilie energy

produced during respiration include biosynthesis, locomotion and active transport of

chemical components.


10/22

31E43LNE11 O4 RE1PIRATION

• 9or7ing your muscles

• $rowth and repair of cells

• 2uilding larger molecules from smaller ones i.e. proteins from

amino acids

• 4llowing chemical reactions to ta7e place

• 4bsorbing molecules in active transport

• /eeping your body temperature constant

• -ending messages along nerves


11/22

$33$C)2 B4 $*I5O*6$*)

)he respiratory system is particularly sensiti%e to air pollution. )he lungs mustbring in large 7uantities of air (o%er 899 million litres in a lifetime! in order tosupply sufficient oxygen to the blood system. Air pollutants, such as ground+

le%el o0one and particulate matter can inure the lungs directly. )hese pollutants

may also trigger inflammation in the lungs that can affect the heart and blood%essels. )he air pollutants may also enter the blood and can affect other organs

elsewhere in the body.

O0one can also damage the al%eoli, the indi%idual air sacs in the lung where

oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

-articulate air pollutants come in many si0es, and the si0e of these particlesdetermines where in your lungs they will lodge. #arger (coarse! particles are


12/22

more li1ely deposited in the upper airways of your lungs. 2maller (fine! particlespenetrate deeply into the al%eolar region of the lungs, with %arying health effects

that depend on the chemistry or physical nature of the particles.

)he most common respiratory diseases affected by air pollution are:

• Allergies

• Asthma

• Chronic Obstructi%e -ulmonary isease (CO-!

http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/air/out-ext/health-sante/respir-eng.php#a1http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/air/out-ext/health-sante/respir-eng.php#a2http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/air/out-ext/health-sante/respir-eng.php#a3http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/air/out-ext/health-sante/respir-eng.php#a1http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/air/out-ext/health-sante/respir-eng.php#a2http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/air/out-ext/health-sante/respir-eng.php#a3


13/22

BIOLOG5

About Asthma

It is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characteried by variable and

recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm.[&]

3ommon symptomsinclude wheeing,coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.["]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_(medicine)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_(medicine)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway_obstructionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway_obstructionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchospasmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchospasmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-NHLBI07p11-12-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheezinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coughinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coughinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortness_of_breathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortness_of_breathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-bts2009p4-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_(medicine)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway_obstructionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchospasmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-NHLBI07p11-12-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheezinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coughinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortness_of_breathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-bts2009p4-3


14/22

4sthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.[0] Its diagnosis is usually based on the pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over time

and spirometry.[] It is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced

e)piratory volume in one second *;8


15/22

3hildnset 4sthma

4sthma that begins during childhood is called childonset asthma. #his type of asthma

happens because a child becomes sensitied to common allergens in the environment

most li7ely due to genetic reasons. #he child is atopic a genetically determined state of

hypersensitivity to environmental allergens.

4llergens are any substances that the body will treat as a foreign body, triggering an immuneresponse. #hese vary widely between individuals and often include animal proteins, fungi,pollen, housedust mites and some 7ind of dust. #he airway cells are sensitive to particularmaterials ma7ing an asthmatic response more li7ely if the child is e)posed to a certainamount of an allergen.

4dultnset 4sthma

#his term is used when a person develops asthma after reaching &? years of age. 4dultonset asthma affects women more than men, and it is also much less common than childonset asthma.

It can also be triggered by some allergic material or an allergy. It is estimated that up toperhaps ?B of adultonset asthmas are lin7ed to allergies. (owever, a substantialproportion of adultonset asthma does not seem to be triggered by e)posure to allergen*s+Cthis is called nonallergic adultonset asthma. #his nonallergic type of adult onset asthma isalso 7nown as intrinsic asthma. 8)posure to a particle or chemical in certain plastics, metals,

medications, or wood dust can also be a cause of adultonset asthma.

8)erciseInduced 4sthmaIf you cough, wheee or feel out of breath during or after e)ercise, you could be sufferingfrom e)erciseinduced asthma. bviously, your level of fitness is also a factor a person whois unfit and runs fast for ten minutes is going to be out of breath. (owever, if your coughing,wheeing or panting does not ma7e sense, this could be an indication of e)erciseinducedasthma.

3oughInduced 4sthma

3oughinduced asthma is one of the most difficult asthmas to diagnose. #he doctor has toeliminate other possibilities, such as chronic bronchitis, post nasal drip due to hay fever, orsinus disease. In this case the coughing can occur alone, without other asthmatypesymptoms being present. #he coughing can happen at any time of day or night. If it happensat night it can disrupt sleep.

ccupational 4sthma


16/22

#his type of asthma is triggered by something in the patient!s place of wor7. ;actors such aschemicals, vapors, gases, smo7e, dust, fumes, or other particles can trigger asthma. It canalso be caused by a virus *flu+, molds, animal products, pollen, humidity and temperature. 4nother trigger may be stress. ccupational asthma tends to occur soon after the patientsstarts a new Dob and disappears not long after leaving that Dob.

6octurnal 4sthma

6octurnal asthma occurs between midnight and % 4M. It is triggered by allergens in thehome such as dust and pet dander or is caused by sinus conditions. 6octurnal or nighttimeasthma may occur without any daytime symptoms recognied by the patient. #he patientmay have wheeing or short breath when lying down and may not notice these symptomsuntil awo7en by them in the middle of the night usually between & and 0 4M.


17/22

Causes

4sthma is caused by a combination of comple) and incompletely understood environmental and genetic

interactions.[0][&'] #hese factors influence both its severity and its responsiveness to treatment. [&%] It is believed

that the recent increased rates of asthma are due to changing epigenetics *heritable factors other than

those related to the E64 sequence+ and a changing living environment. [&>]

Environmental

Many environmental factors have been associated with asthma!s development and e)acerbation including

allergens, air pollution, and other environmental chemicals.["?] -mo7ing during pregnancy and after delivery

is associated with a greater ris7 of asthmali7e symptoms. ["1] @ow air quality from factors such as traffic

pollution or high oone levels,["&] has been associated with both asthma development and increased asthma

Hygiene hypothesis

#he hygiene hypothesis attempts to e)plain the increased rates of asthma worldwide as a direct and

unintended result of reduced e)posure, during childhood, to nonpathogenic bacteria and viruses. [0'][0%] It has

been proposed that the reduced e)posure to bacteria and viruses is due, in part, to increased cleanliness

and decreased family sie in modern societies.[0>] 8)posure to bacterial endoto)in in early childhood may

prevent the development of asthma, but e)posure at an older age may provo7e bronchoconstriction.

[?]8vidence supporting the hygiene hypothesis includes lower rates of asthma on farms and in households

with pets.[0>]

Genetic

;amily history is a ris7 factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. [=] If one identical twin

is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is appro)imately &B. [=] 2y the end of &??, &

genes had been associated with asthma in si) or more separate populations,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Martinez_geneenvir-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-pmid21575714-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-pmid21623970-30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_and_pregnancyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_and_pregnancyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-GINA2011_p6-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Quality_Indexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Quality_Indexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-GINA2011_p61-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-GINA2011_p61-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-47https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-48https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-48https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Brook2013-49https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Brook2013-49https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endotoxinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-50https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Brook2013-49https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-El2010-56https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-El2010-56https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Martinez_geneenvir-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-pmid21575714-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-pmid21623970-30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_and_pregnancyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-GINA2011_p6-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Quality_Indexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-GINA2011_p61-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-47https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-48https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Brook2013-49https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endotoxinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-50https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Brook2013-49https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-El2010-56https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-El2010-56


18/22

edical conditions

4 triad of atopic ecema, allergic rhinitis and asthma is called atopy.[>] #he strongest ris7 factor for

developing asthma is a history of atopic diseaseC[0=] with asthma occurring at a much greater rate in those

who have either ecema or hay fever .[=?]

4sthma has been associated with 3hurgA-trauss syndrome, anautoimmune disease and vasculitis. Individuals with certain types of urticaria may also e)perience

symptoms of asthma.[>]

-FM5#M• 3oughing, especially at night, during e)ercise or when laughing.

• -hortness of breath.

• 3hest tightness.

• 9heeing *a whistling or squea7y sound in your chest when you

breathe, especially when e)haling+

• 4ny asthma symptom is serious and can become deadly if left

untreated.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopic_eczemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopic_eczemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_rhinitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Bolognia-59https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Bolognia-59https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-NHLBI07p11-46https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-NHLBI07p11-46https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eczemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-GINA2011_p4-60https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-GINA2011_p4-60https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churg%E2%80%93Strauss_syndromehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churg%E2%80%93Strauss_syndromehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churg%E2%80%93Strauss_syndromehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasculitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasculitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urticariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Bolognia-59https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Bolognia-59https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopic_eczemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_rhinitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Bolognia-59https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-NHLBI07p11-46https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eczemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-GINA2011_p4-60https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churg%E2%80%93Strauss_syndromehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasculitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urticariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma#cite_note-Bolognia-59


19/22

5revalence of asthma

While there's no way to prevent asthma, by working together, you and your doctor can design

a step-by-step plan for living with your condition and preventing asthma attacks.

• Follow your asthma action plan. With your doctor and health care team, write a

detailed plan for taking medications and managing an asthma attack. Then be sure to


20/22

follow your plan. Asthma is an ongoing condition that needs regular monitoring and

treatment. Taking control of your treatment can make you feel more in control of your life in

general.

• Get vaccinated for influenza and pneumonia. Staying current with vaccinations

can prevent flu and pneumonia from triggering asthma flare-ups.

• Identify and avoid asthma triggers. A number of outdoor allergens and irritants —

ranging from pollen and mold to cold air and air pollution — can trigger asthma attacks.

Find out what causes or worsens your asthma, and take steps to avoid those triggers.

• Monitor your breathing. You may learn to recognize warning signs of an impending

attack, such as slight coughing, wheezing or shortness of breath. But because your lung

function may decrease before you notice any signs or symptoms, regularly measure and

record your peak airflow with a home peak flow meter.• Identify and treat attacks early. If you act quickly, you're less likely to have a severe

attack. You also won't need as much medication to control your symptoms.

When your peak flow measurements decrease and alert you to an oncoming attack, take

your medication as instructed and immediately stop any activity that may have triggered

the attack. If your symptoms don't improve, get medical help as directed in your action

plan.

• Take your medication as prescribed. Just because your asthma seems to be

improving, don't change anything without first talking to your doctor. It's a good idea tobring your medications with you to each doctor visit, so your doctor can double-check that

you're using your medications correctly and taking the right dose.

• Pay attention to increasing quick-relief inhaler use. If you find yourself relying on

your quick-relief inhaler, such as albuterol, your asthma isn't under control. See your doctor

about adjusting your treatment.


21/22

Case StudyA ' $3o black female with a histor$ of asthma, presents to the %0 with tach$pnea, and acute

shortness of breath with audible whee4ing. 5atient has taken her prescribed medications of

+romol$n /odium and 6entolin at home with no relief of s$mptoms prior to coming to the

%0. A ph$sical exam revealed the following: 0 11*, 00 7* with signs of accessor$ muscle

use. Ausculation revealed decreased breath sounds with inspirator$ and expirator$ whee4ing

and pt was coughing up small amounts of white sputum. /a2 was 8 on room air. An

arterial blood gas 9A;) was ordered with the following results: p '.


22/22

1*. recommend the appropriate drug therap$ of an asthmatic patient for chronic

treatment or for an acute attack.

11. recogni4e the commonl$ used bronchodilation agents.

12. list the side effects related to the different asthma medications.

Documents

Science Project Dps