Se2 Ep01 Notes

8/13/2019 Se2 Ep01 Notes

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STUDY NOTES EPISODE 1: EYE TESTING

VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT

When learning vocabulary at a moreadvanced level of English, it is important tobe aware that words frequently have morethan one meaning, and the meaning of aword is determined by the context in which itappears or can be determined in relation toother words.

The meaning of a word like ‘hot’ isunderstood in the context of a word like

‘cold’ because they are opposites(antonyms). These same words, however,would be similar in meaning (synonyms) inthe context of ‘warm’ and ‘cool’,respectively.

When determining the meaning of words, which have either the same pronunciationor the same spelling, namely homonyms, context plays an important role.

HOMONYMS — HOMOGRAPHS AND HOMOPHONES

Homonym is generally used to describe a word, which has the same spelling and

pronunciation as another, for example ‘the second row of seats in the cinema’ and‘row the boat to shore’. The context tells us that row has two different meanings.

Homonyms are often differentiated according to whether the pair or set of words hasthe same spelling or pronunciation, but in all cases the meaning is determined fromthe context, as is their spelling and pronunciation.

If the words have the same spelling, but differ in pronunciation and meaning, theyare called homographs.

For example:

The Study English program was recorded before a live audience.

§ live in this context is pronounced /laɪv/, and is an adjective describing‘audience’ and means ‘is being recorded while the program is happening, andbroadcast at a later time’

Where does she live?

live in this context is pronounced /lɪv/, and is the verb of the subject ‘she’.

STUDY TIPS

When learning new vocabulary, it isbeneficial to learn the meaning ofwords in the various contexts theyappear. This makes it easier toremember the word and itsmeaning.

So, when reading and listening beaware how the words are being

used in different contexts, and addexamples of any new contexts toyour vocabulary notebook.

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If the words are pronounced the same, but differ in spelling and meaning, they arecalled homophones.

For example:

Your concert tickets are in the mail.Only male students participated in the survey.

§ mail and male are pronounced the same /meɪl/, but mean two differentthings, i.e. ‘the service that delivers letters’ and ‘the opposite of female’,respectively.

HOMOGRAPHS Here is a list of the more common homographs.

Homograph

SpellingPronunciation Context

accent /æk'sɛnt/ – verb

/'æksɛnt/ – noun

When pronouncing the word ‘accent’,it’s important to accent the secondsyllable.John spoke Chinese with a strongEnglish accent.

approximate /ə'prɒksəmeɪt/ – verb

/ə'prɒksəmət/ –

adjective

This shade of blue will approximate the colour of the fabric, but we can’tmatch it exactly.

An approximate cost of building thetunnel is $10 billion.

associate /ə'soʊʃieɪt/ – verb

/ə'soʊʃiət/ – adjective

What do you associate this fashionlabel with – style or comfort?

He is the associate editor of thenewspaper.

bow /baʊ/ – verb and noun

/boʊ/ – noun

Please bow on entering the temple. After his brilliant performance, Johngave a bow.She pinned a bow in her hair.

close /kloʊz/ – verb

/kloʊs/ – adjective

Close the window, please. It’s gettingcold.

Her family lives close to the city.conduct /kən'dʌkt/ – verb

/'kɒndʌkt/ – noun

The department will conduct aninquiry into the theft of the property.His conduct at the party wasappalling.

conflict /kən'flɪkt/ – verb

/'kɒnflɪkt/ – noun

John’s interests unfortunately conflict with the interests of the company.

John’s interests came into conflict with management.

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Homograph


content /'kɒntɛnt/ – noun

/kən'tɛnt/ – adjective

The content of that package wassuspect.

She was content with the decisionthey reached.

contest /kən'tɛst/ – verb

/'kɒntɛst/ – noun

Did your brother contest your father’swill?

Did you enter the writing contest inthe Learning Centre?

contract /kən'trækt/ – verb

/'kɒntrækt/ – noun

Did John contract malaria in Africa?Jane signed a contract with her newemployer.

contrast /kən'trast/ – verb

/'kɒntrast/ – noun

The instructions said to contrast thepresent situation with the past.Jane’s assessment of the situationwas in stark contrast to the truth.

converse /kən'vɜs/ – verb

/'kɒnvɜs/ – noun

The teacher requested they converse in English.They thought the new bridge wouldease the traffic, but the converse wasin fact true.

convert /kən'vɜt/ – verb

/'kɒnvɜt/ – noun

Will you convert my Australian dollars

into yen please? After attending the political rally, hebecame a convert to the new party.

delegate /'dɛləgeɪt/ – verb

/'dɛləgət / – noun

If he is to survive in his job, he willneed to delegate some of his work.The school only sent one delegate tothe conference.

deliberate /də'lɪbəreɪt/ – verb

/də'lɪbərət/ – adjective

The barrister feels the jury will not deliberate for long.The jurors felt the attack was deliberate.

elaborate

/ə'læbəreɪt/ – verb/ə'læbərət/ – adjective

The interviewer asked me to

elaborate on my answer.That was an elaborate scheme hedevised for recycling waste.

export /ək'spɔt/ – verb

/'ɛkspɔt/ – noun

The state will export 40% of its steelto Asia.

The steel is packaged for export to Asia.

extract /ək'strækt/ – verb

/'ɛkstrækt/ – noun

Use the juicer to extract the juicefrom the fruit, please.That extract is taken from the StudyEnglish – IELTS Preparation SeriesOne book.

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Homograph


graduate /'græʤueɪt/ – verb

/'græʤuət/ – noun

He will graduate with a Diploma inBusiness from Insearch, UTS in earlyspring.He is a business graduate fromInsearch, UTS.

import /ɪm'pɔt/ – verb

/'ɪmpɔt/ – noun

China will import coal and uraniumfrom Australia.The import of coal and uranium earnsmillions of dollars for the Australianeconomy.

invalid /'ɪnvəlɪd/ – noun

/ɪn'væləd/ – adjective

It was unfortunate that she became an invalid after the accident.John’s visa was invalid for travel inChina.

lead /lid/ – verb

/lɛd/ – noun

Jane will lead the group for the trek inNepal.Pb is the chemical symbol for lead.

live /lɪv/ – verb

/laɪv/ – adjective

They want to live by the sea.There will be live coverage fromWimbledon.

permit /pə'mɪt/ – verb

/'pɜmɪt/ – noun

Check with the neighbours whetherthey’ll permit you to hold the partylate into the night.

Your parking permit expires nextmonth.

present /prə'zɛnt/ – verb

/'prɛzənt/ – noun,adjective

The Director of Studies will present the awards at the graduationceremony.

All the children received a present from their father when he returnedfrom the business trip.

produce /prə'djus/ – verb

/'prɒʤus/ – noun

They will produce many valuablegoods for export.Local produce is sold at the market.

progress /prə'grɛs/ – verb

/'proʊgrɛs/ – noun

Students using Study English can progress at their own speed.The students made steady progress in their five-week English program.

project /prə'ʤɛkt/ – verb

/'proʊʤɛkt/ – noun

The machine will project the imageonto the screen.Students are required to do aresearch project for their finalassignment.

record /rə'kɔd/ – verb

/'rɛkɔd/ – noun

Teachers record students’ marks onthe database.

A record of students’ marks is alwayskept on file.

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Homograph


refill /ri'fɪl/ – verb

/'rifɪl/ – noun

Can I refill your glass?Would you like a refill?

reject /rə'ʤɛkt/ – verb

/'riʤɛkt/ – noun

The quality control department will reject the computers because offaulty wiring.That computer will be a reject because of the faulty wiring.

separate /'sɛpəreɪt/ – verb

/'sɛprət/ – adjective

Teachers will need to separate thetop-achieving students.There will be a separate writing classto accommodate the general training

students.survey /sɜ'veɪ/ – verb

/'sɜveɪ/ – noun

The geologists will survey the land toassess future possibilities.The marketing department conducteda survey on their latest product toassess customer satisfaction.

suspect /sə'spɛkt/ – verb

/'sʌspɛkt/ – noun

The mother did not suspect herdaughter of truancy.The 18-year-old was a suspect in thecrime.

wind /waɪnd/ – verb

/wɪnd/ – noun

The two main streets in the resorttown wind their way to the ocean.The weather bureau is forecasting astrong southerly wind this afternoon.

HOMOPHONES Here is a list of the more common homophones.

Homophone


aid

aide/eɪd/ Humanitarian aid was provided to the

victims of the tsunami disaster.When the crisis erupted, the presidentsummoned her aide.

airheir

/ɛə/ The summer rain cooled the air substantially.The heir to the company’s fortune hasnot been decided.

allowedaloud

/ə'laʊd/ The use of a dictionary is not allowed during the IELTS test.The questions were read aloud for allto hear.

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Homophone


ascentassent

/ə'sɛnt/ They began their ascent of MountEverest as dawn broke.The managing director gave his assent to the proposed constructionof the tunnel.

barebear

/bɛə/ After the fire, the countryside wascompletely bare.

Aunt Mary’s birthday card greeting will bear the Queen’s seal because sheturned 100.That particular species of bear ismainly found in the North Pole.

basebass

/beɪs/ The bushwalk starts at the base of themountains.The quartet was brilliant except for the bass player who was suffering fromthe flu.

beanbeen

/bin/ The black bean is widely used toprepare Indian dishes.They’ve been to the four corners ofthe Earth.

beatbeet

/bit/ Every week I take all my Persian rugsout onto the balcony and beat them till

they’re clean. Beet is a root plant from which sugaris made.

berthbirth

/bɜƟ/ A berth was made vacant in theharbour for the luxury cruise liner.They celebrated the birth of theirsecond child.

bitebyte

/baɪt/ If provoked some dogs will bite.Computer buffs will know that a byte is a unit of storage.

blewblue

/blu/ The strong wind blew all night. After the storm cleared the sky turned

blue.breakbrake

/breɪk/ Did anything break during thehailstorm?Put the brake on so the car doesn’troll.

buybybye

/baɪ/ You need to buy a new jacket.His shoes are by the door. Bye! I’ll see you tomorrow.

canvascanvass

/'kænvəs/ They used canvas to make the tentso it’ll be strong.They will canvass the area tomorrowfor support.

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Homophone


carrotcarat

/'kærət/ Carrot, an orange root vegetable, isused in many of the spicy dishes.On her engagement she received an18-carat gold ring.

ceilingsealing

/'silɪŋ/ The room was quite old – the paintwas peeling off the walls and ceiling. Sealing the package was part of theprocedure.

cellsell

/sɛl/ The prisoner was taken to his cell.They were advised to sell theirstocks.

centscentsent

/sɛnt/Luckily, John didn’t have to pay a cent for the overdue DVDs.The room was filled with the scent ofroses.The parcel was sent by courier.

cerealserial

/'sɪəriəl/ The children usually have a bowl of cereal for breakfast.Her popular novel will be shown as a serial next season on ABC television.

checkcheque

/ʧɛk/ It’s important to check whether you’velocked the door when leaving.He wrote a cheque for $500.

citesitesight

/'saɪt/ Don’t forget to cite your sources atthe end of your essay.The tour will include the most popular site, the Great Wall of China.His sight has been slowlydeteriorating.

coarsecourse

/kɔs/ Coarse salt is often used forpreserving foods.He will need to take an accounting course to complete his businessdegree.

complement

compliment/'kɒmpləmənt/ The players complement each other,

so they stand a good chance ofwinning the championship.She paid him a great compliment byacknowledging his contribution.

councilcounsel

/'kaʊnsəl/ The local council voted in favour ofthe development of the massiveshopping centre complex.The student accepted the adviser’s counsel.

dependantdependent

/də'pɛndənt/ The dependant, to whom they werereferring, was Smith’s child.The success of their economy is dependent on exports.

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Homophone


dewdue

/dju/ The lawns were covered with morning dew.Our assignment is due Mondaymorning.

diedye

/daɪ/ The man will die if help doesn’t comesoon.In the final stage, it is necessary to dye the fabric green.

elicitillicit

/ə'lɪsət/ The radio announcer deliberatelymade a disparaging remark to elicit aresponse from his listeners.The illicit drugs were found during thepolice raid.

fairfare

/fɛə/ Students felt the final test was fair .There was some discussion aboutincreasing the fare for student bustickets.

featfeet

/fit/ The engineering of the Sydney OperaHouse is an amazing feat.His feet were sore after running themarathon.

flourflower

/'flaʊə/ The recipe calls for two cups of flour .The species of cactus has a delicate

yellow flower .forforefour

/fɔ/ There are some books waiting for youat reception.The department restructure came tothe fore again at last week’s meeting.There are four students who will resitthe test.

gategait

/geɪt/ The gate opens at exactly 6:00 am.The doctor became concernedbecause of her peculiar gait. Shecould hardly walk.

grease

Greece/gris/ The mechanic’s clothes were covered

in grease.I’m planning on going to Greece formy next holiday.

grategreat

/greɪt/ Could you grate some ginger onto thefish please?The great masterpieces alwaysattract the biggest crowds.

groangrown

/groʊn/ We knew Jane was alive when shebegan to groan from under therubble.The rosemary plant has grown into ahuge bush.

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Homophone


hallhaul

/hɔl/ The classroom is located down the hall and to the right.We had to haul the recordingequipment from one end of thebuilding to the other.

hangarhanger

/'hæŋə/ The old Boeing 747 was dispatched tothe hangar for storage.There is a hanger on the rack for yourcoat.

healheel

/hil/ Jane was advised that it would take atleast three months for her arm to heal after the fall.The heel of her shoe got caughtbetween the grooves of the escalator.

hearhere

/hɪə/ She was too upset to hear what I wassaying.The photocopying machine is here onthe left.

heroinheroine

/'hɛrəwən/ The article discussed the dangerssurrounding the use of heroin - anillegal drug.Jane plays the heroine in the film.

higher

hire

/'haɪə/ The higher the mountain, the greater

the challenge becomes.You can hire a car at the airport.himhymn

/hɪm/ John reprimanded him for behavingunprofessionally.The religious songs are found in the hymn book.

holewhole

/hoʊl/ To reach water they had to dig a deep hole in the ground.It will take the whole day to reach thatlittle outback town.

hourour

/'aʊə/ I will need an hour of your time tocomplete the survey.

Our university will be hosting theconference this year.

idleidol

/'aɪdl/ Since the factory closed down, theworkers have been idle.

After his great win at Wimbledon, he’llno doubt become the next tennis idol.

keyquay

/ki/ They found a spare key for thestoreroom.We decided the best place to meetwould be on the quay, down by theharbour.

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Homophone


knewnew

/nju/ He knew there would be significantchanges to the programme.

A new programme will be introducedin the next semester.

knotnot

/nɒt/ The rope was tied in a knot.The boat was not tied to the wharf.

knowno

/noʊ/ Did you know he was in town visitingfriends? No, I didn’t know he was visiting hisfriends.

knowsnose

/noʊz/ She knows the code to the building.His nose was broken during thefootball match.

lessenlesson

/'lɛsən/ Installing a safety device will lessen the risk of injury.The lesson on the environment wasinteresting.

lightninglightening

/'laɪtnɪŋ/ They forecasted rain with thunder and lightning. Lightening the colour will provide youwith the shade required.

loanlone

/loʊn/ John took out a loan to start up hisbusiness.

A lone man was seen waiting at thebus stop in the early hours of themorning.

mailmale

/meɪl/ The mail is delivered twice a day.The survey focussed on male students.

matmatt

/mæt/ There was a small mat just outsidethe front door of the house.

All the photographs had a matt finish.meatmeet

/mit/ The main meal consisted of meat,potatoes, and a vegetable.We can meet at the information desk

at noon.minerminor

/'maɪnə/ The miner ’s health was inevitablyaffected working such long hoursunderground.Only minor changes were made tothe film festival program.

missedmist

/mɪst/ She missed her bus this morning.The mountains are always shroudedin a bluish mist.

morningmourning

/'mɔnɪŋ/ The test was scheduled for Saturday morning.

The children were still mourning thedeath of their pet dog.

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Homophone


musclemussel

/'mʌsəl/ She strained her thigh muscle running the marathon.The mussel dish wasn’t very tasty,even though I love shellfish.

navalnavel

/'neɪvəl/ The naval officer escorted guests tothe base.The teacher asked the student topoint to the navel on the body chart.

needknead

/nid/ They will need to order their tickets forthe flight.The baker will knead the dough forthe bread.

oarorore

/ɔ/ The oar was damaged so theycouldn’t row the boat.They had a choice of either going onan excursion or watching a movie.The country was rich in iron ore.

onewon

/wʌn/ John passed the test by one mark.The national team won Thursday’sfootball match.

pailpale

/peɪl/ The children picked a pail ofstrawberries.He arrived at school looking rather

pale.painpane

/peɪn/ Susan was in a lot of pain aftertwisting her ankle.The pane of glass was completelyshattered when hit by the ball.

pairparepear

/pɛə/ He also packed another pair oftrousers for the trip.Use this knife to pare the apple.They had a juicy pear for dessert.

peacepiece

/pis/ They were hopeful the negotiatedtreaty would bring peace.Margaret ordered a piece of pie with

her coffee.pedalpeddle

/'pɛdl/ The pedal on the bike was repaired.Harry was looking for someone to peddle his illegal drugs.

pigeonpidgin

/'pɪʤən/ The carrier pigeon was used to relaymessages during World War I.There is a form of language called pidgin English.

pierpeer

/pɪə/ They will build a theatre on theabandoned pier .The security guard tried to peer into

the warehouse window.

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Homophone


plainplane

/pleɪn/ The décor of the house was plain andsimple.The plane was ready for take off.

polepoll

/poʊl/ He used a pole to get the kite out ofthe tree.The television station conducted a poll into the popularity of its eveningprograms.

practicepractise

/'præktəs/ The listening practice tests areavailable in the library.You can practise the listening tests inthe library.

prayspreyspraise

/preɪz/ She prays every morning in thevillage chapel.The eagle preys on small animals.The coach was full of praise for hisplayers after their victory.

principalprinciple

/'prɪnsəpəl/ His principal concern was for thesafety of the children.Students only needed to rememberthe first principle for the science test.

queuecue

/kju/ How long did you wait in the queue?The prompt gave the actor the cue to

begin his speech.rainreinreign

/reɪn/ The rain was a welcome sight aftertwo years of severe drought.Pull on the right rein if you want thehorse to turn right.The reign of their first CEO lasted 10years.

raiserays

/reɪz/ The government needs to raise people’s standard of living.Doctors warn about exposure toultraviolet rays.

real

reel/ril/ The devastation of the tsunami was

real. So you weren’t dreaming.There was only one reel of film toview.

rightritewrite

/raɪt/ She guessed the right answer. A religious ceremony, which isperformed within a particular society,is sometimes called a rite.You are required to write a 250 wordessay.

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Homophone


roadroderowed

/roʊd/ Because of heavy rain, the road wasquite slippery.The group rode their horses throughthe bush on the excursion.The team rowed brilliantly to win theregatta championship.

rollrole

/roʊl/ The spectators watched the golf ball roll successfully into the 9th hole,giving the competitor an advantage.

Andrew was given the lead role in thenew musical.

ryewry /raɪ/

Rye is one of their staple crops.She gave her sister a wry smileknowing full well that Shirley was indeep trouble.

sailsale

/seɪl/ The tall ships will sail into the harbourearly this afternoon.There was a huge sale in all shopsthrough June and July.

sceneseen

/sin/ The scene of devastation caused bythe hurricane was horrifying.They were nowhere to be seen afterthe destruction.

seasseesseize

/siz/ Their adventure consisted of sailingthe seven seas.He sees the issue of unemploymentin a different light.Did Sanjay seize the opportunity tostudy at INSEARCH UTS?

sewsosow

/soʊ/ I will sew the button on your shirt.The meeting is on Thursday, so theproposal will need to be ready bythen.Farmers in tropical Asia will sow threecrops of rice in a year.

soarsore

/sɔ/ We watched the eagle soar into thesky.My arm was sore after the fall.

solesoul

/soʊl/ Mary had sole responsibility for thechildren.Her heart and soul went into writingthe book.

somesum

/sʌm/ Some of the biscuits were eaten.The sum total of the products is $50.

sonsun

/sʌn/ Their son is now living in China.The sun finally appeared after threedays of heavy rain.

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Homophone


stairstare

/stɛə/ Timothy sat waiting for Jill on the top stair , outside her front door.It is impolite to stare.

stationarystationery

/'steɪʃənri/ or

/'steɪʃənəri/

The cars were stationary for a longwhile after the accident on thehighway.The stationery can be purchasedfrom the newsagent.

stakesteak

/steɪk/ John holds a 20% stake in thebusiness.She ordered steak for her meal.

stealsteel /stil/

How did they manage to steal theequipment?They will be exporting steel with thenew agreement.

suitesweet

/swit/ The presidential suite in the newHilton hotel is spectacular.The cake was too sweet for my liking.

Sundaysundae

/'sʌndeɪ/ The picnic was scheduled for Sunday.The children enjoyed their chocolate sundae ice cream soda.

tail

tale

/teɪl/ The possum has a bushy tail.

She told a fascinating tale about themissing lantern.

taughttaut

/tɔt/ Rita taught English in China for manyyears.The tight rope on which the trapezeartist performed was pulled taut.

teartier

/tɪə/ The story brought a tear to my eye. An order was placed for a four-tier wedding cake.

theretheirthey’re

/ðɛə/ There were only two places availableon the program. Their program of study required a

prerequisite of two accountingcourses. They’re accepted into the diplomaprogram.

threwthrough

/Ɵru/ Steve threw the cricket ball at greatspeed.The crowd stampeded through thegates.

tiretyre

/'taɪə/ I never seem to tire of the classics.It was sheer luck that someone wason hand to help replace the flat tyre.

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Homophone


toetow

/toʊ/ John stubbed his toe on the rock.The mechanic will tow the car to thegarage.

totootwo

/tu/ I will be driving to the coast ratherthan flying. The water is too cold toswim in. I have only two brothers.

vainvein

/veɪn/ The team worked in vain to save theaccident victim. The doctor injectedthe penicillin into a vein in his left arm.

waistwaste

/weɪst/ Her clothing was now tight around the waist. They disposed of their waste thoughtfully.

waitweight

/weɪt/ You will need to wait for the testresults.The questionnaire asked for theheight and weight of the participant.

wavewaive

/weɪv/ It was a two metre wave that hit thefishermen.

A decision was reached to waive aportion of the fees.

wayweigh

/weɪ/ The intensive language program wasa good way to improve my Japanese.The shop assistant will weigh your

produce.weakweek

/wik/ It was to be expected he would be weak after the operation.There was only a week left before thestart of the term.

weatherwhether

/'wɛðə/ Weather permitting I’ll go on thebushwalk.I shall be going on the bushwalk whether you like it or not.

wetwhet

/wɛt/ The ground is quite wet from all therain we’ve had.

All the dishes on the menu will whet

your appetite.whichwitch

/wɪʧ / Which road will give me access to theproperty?She dressed as a witch for theHalloween party.

wroterote

/roʊt/ He wrote his novel while on leave inItaly.The children were taught to learn by rote.

youryou’re

/ jɔ/ Your tickets will be available onFriday.

You’re welcome to pick up yourtickets on Friday.

Documents

Se2 Ep01 Notes