Section 1.2: Physical & Chemical Properties of Matter

Physical Properties

Hardness A measure of the

resistance of a solid to being scratched

Eg. Diamond is hard and chalk is soft

Physical Properties

State Is the substance a

solid, liquid or gas at room temperature

Eg. Metal is solid, milk is liquid and helium is a gas

Physical Properties

Malleability The ability to be

hammered or bent into different shapes

Eg. Aluminum is malleable and glass is brittle

Physical Properties

Ductility The ability to be

pulled into wires Eg. Copper is

ductile and coal is not

Physical Properties

Melting Point & Boiling Point

M.P. when a solid turns into a liquid & B.P. when a liquid turns into a gas

Eg. Water at 0°C & 100°C

Physical Properties

Crystal Form Solid mineral

structure with a regular pattern of 3D shapes

Eg. Salt is crystal but plastic is not

Physical Properties

Solubility The ability to

dissolve in a solvent such as water

Eg. Salt is soluble in water and pepper is not

Physical Properties

Viscosity A measure of

how easily a liquid flows

Eg. Maple syrup is more viscous than milk

Physical Properties

Density The amount of

matter per unit volume of substance

Eg. Lead is more dense than feathers

Chemical Properties

Combustibility The ability to

react rapidly with oxygen and release heat and light energy

Eg. Gasoline is combustible and water is not

Chemical Properties

Reaction with Acid

The ability to react with acid and produce a gas

Eg. Baking soda reacts with acid and makes gas and bubbles and gold does not