Section 3 - Special Cements - Cementing Technology Manual ...oildoc.ir/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/SECT_03_Special_Cements.pdfCementing Technology Manual Section 3 Special Cements Delayed-set

January 1996 3-1

Section 3

Special CementsCementing Technology Manual

Section 3

Special Cements

Contents

Delayed-Set Cementing .................................................................................................................. 3-3Delayed-Set Cements ..................................................................................................................... 3-4EPSEAL® Sealant .......................................................................................................................... 3-8Cal-Seal ........................................................................................................................................ 3-10

Cal-Seal and Cal-Seal-Portland Cement Blends .................................................................... 3-11Cal-Seal .................................................................................................................................. 3-11Field Control ............................................................................................................................ 3-11Factors Affecting the Setting Time ......................................................................................... 3-11Cal-Seal-Portland Cement Mixtures ....................................................................................... 3-12Cal-Seal Cement Mixtures with Sodium Chloride Accelerator ............................................... 3-12

Hydromite ...................................................................................................................................... 3-19Field Procedures for Hydromite .............................................................................................. 3-20

Physical Properties ........................................................................................................... 3-20Setting Time ...................................................................................................................... 3-20Mixing ................................................................................................................................ 3-20Placing in Well .................................................................................................................. 3-21The Use of Hydromite in Deep Wells ............................................................................... 3-21

PERMAFROST® Cement ............................................................................................................. 3-24Halliburton Light Cement (HLC).................................................................................................... 3-28High Temperature Low Density Cement (HTLD) ......................................................................... 3-36Matrix Cement............................................................................................................................... 3-39Micro Matrix Cement ..................................................................................................................... 3-43Refractory Cements ...................................................................................................................... 3-49Silicalite ......................................................................................................................................... 3-50

Silicalite Physical Properties ................................................................................................... 3-51Silicalite Blend ................................................................................................................... 3-51Compacted Silicalite .......................................................................................................... 3-51Liquid Silicalite .................................................................................................................. 3-51

THIX-SET A .................................................................................................................................. 3-58THIX-SET 31A .............................................................................................................................. 3-63THIX-SET 31B .............................................................................................................................. 3-64THIXOMIX Cement ....................................................................................................................... 3-66MY-T-LITE 1200 ........................................................................................................................... 3-71

Section 3

Special Cements

3-2 January 1996

Cementing Technology Manual

Notes:

January 1996 3-3

Section 3


Section 3

Special Cements

Delayed-set cementing slurries are designed forbottomhole static temperatures from 100°F to 230°F(38°C to 110°C) and possibly higher with the properretarders. They usually contain 6 or 8% bentonite,by adding SSA-1 or SSA-2 and HALAD®-9 or CFRdispersant to control filtration, enough retarder todelay setting for 18 to 36 hours. It is best to keep thefluid loss as low as possible, or filter cake can buildup and obstruct the proper placement of the pipe.

Although delayed-set slurries can be designed formany well conditions, each situation should behandled individually. Tests should be conducted onthe specific materials used on each well.

Delayed-Set Cementing

Delayed-set cementing is a technique used to obtaina better primary cementing job in tubinglesscompletion and liner cementing applications. Thissystem was initially designed to cement tubinglesscompletions. The slurry was pumped down onestring of tubing — always in plug flow — thenadditional tubing strings (bullnose) were loweredinto the slurry. This eliminated, to a great extent, theproblem of removing drilling mud from the areawithin the confines of multiple strings of tubing.Later, the technique was successfully adapted toliner cementing operations where the annulus wasnot sufficient to allow pipe centralization.

Delayed-set cementing involves placing a retardedcement slurry containing a filtration-control (fluid-loss) additive in a wellbore before running the tub-ing or liner. The cement is placed by pumping itdown the drillpipe and up the annulus. Thedrillpipe is then removed from the well, and theliner (sealed at the bottom) is lowered into the unsetcement slurry. After the cement slurry sets, the wellcan be completed using conventional methods.

An advantage to using this delayed-setting systemis that when the tubing strings or liner are loweredinto the slurry, there is a tendency for the cementand any bypassed drilling fluid to mix or com-mingle. This could decrease the compressivestrength, but this is better than leaving a channel ormud pocket in the annulus.

A disadvantage of the method is that the cementslurry requires a somewhat longer waiting-on-cement time than conventional slurries. This couldbe expensive if a drilling rig is kept on locationwhile the cement sets and gains strength. If thedrilling rig can be moved off location and aworkover rig used to complete the well, the cost canbe reduced.

Section 3

Special Cements

3-4 January 1996


Delayed-Set Cements

Description and Primary Function: Delayed-setsystems are usually composed of Portland cement,bentonite, HALAD®-9, CFR-2 and HR® retarders.They are designed to be placed in wellbore throughtubing and then casing tubingless completionstrings or liners, then lowered into unset cement.Normal fluid time is 8 to 24 hours, however, longerfluid times can be obtained through testing. Thesystem is used in tight annular clearance areas orwhere a uniform cement sheath is required.

Secondary Effects: The slurry is severely over-retarded.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid gettingcements into eyes and inhaling the dust. Flush ex-posed area with large amounts of water.

Properties:

Additive: blend of cement and additives

Form: powder

Color: gray

Normal Range of Use in Wells:

Temperature: 80°F to 230°F (27°C to 110°C)

Concentration: Normally cement or POZMIX® Acement with 6 to 8% bentonite, HALAD-9, CFR-2retarder.

Usage Restrictions: Each application should betested with materials used on the job, and every jobshould be treated separately.

Special Information:

Effect on Slurry Properties:

1. decreases viscosity, density, and strength

2. increases thickening time and the amount ofwater needed for mixing

January 1996 3-5

Section 3


Table 3-1: Slurry Properties of Delayed-Set Cements

CementBentonite

%

% Additive WaterSlurry Weight

SlurryVolume

HALAD -9 CFR-2gal/sk(L/sk) (ft /sk)

lb/gal(kg/L)

lb/cu ft(kg/m )

ft /sk(L/sk)

AllClasses

8 1.0 -10.40

(39.37)1.39

13.10 (1.57)

98(1,570)

1.92(54.0)

AllClasses

8 - 1.25 9.09

(34.41)1.22

13.60 (1.63)

102(1,634)

1.74(49.0)

POZMIXA Cement

6 1.0 - 7.66

(29.00)1.02

13.30 (1.60)

99(1,586)

1.53(43.0)

POZMIXA Cement

6 - 1.25 6.62

(25.06)0.89

13.80 (1.66)

103(1,650)

1.40(40.0)

3 3®

®

3

Section 3

Special Cements

3-6 January 1996


®

Table 3-2: Estimated Amount of HR -7 Retarder Required for Specified Fluid Time

HALAD -9 CFR-2 Temperature

% HR-7 to Achieve a Minimum Fluidity

Time of

% % °F °C 12 hr 18 hr 24 hr 30 hr

Cement with 8% be ntoniteSlurry Weight: 13.10 lb/gal; 1.57 kg/L

1.0 0 110 43 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.00

1.0 0 125 52 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.00

1.0 0 140 60 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.00

1.0 0 170 77 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.80

1.0 0 200 93 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.25

1.0 0 230 110 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.25


0 1.25 110 43 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.80

0 1.25 125 52 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.80

0 1.25 140 60 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.80

0 1.25 170 77 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.80

0 1.25 200 93 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.25

0 1.25 230 110 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.25


1.0 0 110 43 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

1.0 0 125 52 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

1.0 0 140 60 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6

1.0 0 170 77 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8

1.0 0 200 93 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8

1.0 0 230 110 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8


0 1.25 110 43 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

0 1.25 125 52 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4

0 1.25 140 60 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6

0 1.25 170 77 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6

0 1.25 200 93 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6

®

January 1996 3-7

Section 3


N.S. — Not SetaNot set after 4 daysbStrength after 7 days

®Table 3-3: Compressive Strength of Cement

with Optimum Amount of HR -7 Retarder

Cement with 8% bentoniteSlurry Weight: 13.1 lb/gal (1.57 kg/L)

API Fluid-Loss Test

Screen: 325 meshPressure: 1,000 psi (0.69 mPa)Temeperature: 80°F (26.7°C)

HALAD -9 HR-7FluidLoss

Compressive Strength after Curing for 3 Days

110°F (43°C) 125°F (52°C) 140°F (60°C)

% % cc/30 min psi mPa psi mPa psi mPa

1.0 0.60 92 1,090 7.52 1,030 7.10 N.S. N.S.

1.0 0.80 92 1,030 7.10 935 6.45 860 5.93

1.0 1.00 N.S. 215 1.48 420 2.90 525 3.62

1.0 1.25 N.S. 1,155 7.96

170°F (77°C) 200°F (93°C) 230°F (110°C)

1.0 0.60 N.S. 1,220 8.41

1.0 0.80 N.S. 1,350 9.31 1,325 9.14 1,410 9.72

1.0 1.00 N.S. 1,065 7.34 1.220 8.41 1,415 9.76

1.0 1.25 N.S. N.S. N.S. 1,125 7.76 1,255 8.65

®

a a a aa ab b

Section 3

Special Cements

3-8 January 1996


EPSEAL® Sealant

Description and Primary Function: EPSEAL sealantis a low-viscosity resin composition designed forhigh strength consolidating and plugging applica-tions. It has a high compressive strength and resistschemical attack. Application areas include fluidshutoff, casing repair, liner cementing, and remedialcementing.

Secondary Effects: EPSEAL bonds strongly to sand,cement, steel, aluminum, salt, and calcareous rockparticles.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid skin andeye contact. Wear goggles. Avoid breathing vapors.If contact with eyes, skin or clothing occurs, flushwith water for 15 minutes. Get medical attention foreyes.

Properties:

Additive: EPSEAL Sealant

Part No.: See Table 3-4 for properties.




Usage Restrictions: Make sure no water contactsthe EPSEAL during mixing.


1. reduces pump time

January 1996 3-9

Section 3


3

Table 3-4: Properties - EPSEAL Sealant Components

Identification& Properties

EPSEALR

AcceleratorEPSEAL C-1

LowTemp

HardenerEPSEAL

C-4

SilicaFlourSSA-1 WAC-9

EPSEALRE

EPSEALCatalyst

LC

Part Number 70.15215 70.15216 70.15201 70.15177 890.51039 70.15622 516.00191 516.00083

SpecificGravity 1.05 0.973 0.973 0.96 2.63 2.63 1.076 1.001

Form liquid liquid liquid liquid solid solid liquid liquid

Color yellow dark red dark red amber white white yellow brown

HowPackaged

55-galdrum

1-gal can 5-gal can 10-gal can 100-lb sack 50-lb bag 55-galdrum

5-gal pail

Unit of Issue gal gal gal lb lb lb gal gal

Bulk Density 8.76 lb/gal1.05 kg/L

8.12 lb/gal0.973kg/L

8.12 lb/gal0.973 kg/L

8.01 lb/gal0.96 kg/L

70 lb/cu ft1,121 kg/m

70 lb/cu ft1,121 kg/m

8.974 8.33

Sol. in H O slightly slightly slightly slightly insoluble insoluble none soluble

Pour Point-25°F

(-32°C)-25°F

(-32°C)-25°F

(-32°C)30°F(-1°C)

- --25°F

(-32°C)40°F

Flash Point

140°F(60°C)148°FCOC

(64°C)

315°FCOC

(157°C)

315°FCOC

(157°C)

166°FTCC

(74°C)148°FCOC

(64°C)

- - 146°F ND

Odor aromatic amine amine amine odorless odorless aromatic amine

ExtinguishingMedia

foam,dry

chemical,&

carbondioxide

foam,dry

chemical,carbon

dioxide, &waterspray

foam,dry

chemical,carbon


foam,dry

chemical,carbon


- - foam foam

®

2

3

Section 3

Special Cements

3-10 January 1996


Cal-Seal

Description and Primary Function: Cal-Seal isprimarily a hemihydrate form of calcium sulfate. Itis used in remedial work. Cal-Seal controls lostcirculation, acts as an expanding aid, acceleratesPortland cement, and imparts thixotropic propertiesto cement slurries.

Secondary Effects: Cal-Seal has a rapid initial ce-ment set at low temperatures.

Interaction with Other Additives: Sodium chloridecan be used to accelerate Cal-Seal. Sodium citrate,HALAD®-9, or HR® retarders can be used to retardthe set.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid contactwith eyes and skin. Avoid creating and inhaling thedust. Flush exposed areas with water.

Properties:

Additive: Cal-Seal

Part No.: 890.50131, sk; 516.00335, bulk

Specific Gravity: 2.70

Form: solid powder

Color: white

How Packaged: 100-lb sack

Bulk Density: 75 lb/cu ft

Water Requirement: 4.8 gal/sk

Absolute Volume: 0.0444 gal/lb

Solubility in Water: @20°C, 0.2 to 0.8 g/100 ml H2O

Odor: none



Concentration: 5 to 90% bwoc

Usage Restrictions: For most Cal-Seal-cementblends, placement at temperatures higher than 60°Fresult in short pumping times.



1. decreases density, thickening time, and finalstrength

2. increases viscosity, early strength, and theamount of water needed for mixing

January 1996 3-11

Section 3


Cal-Seal and Cal-Seal-PortlandCement Blends

Cal-Seal

Cal-Seal is a high-strength, controlled-setting gyp-sum cement designed specifically for use in oil andgas wells. It is supplied with the following settingtime specifications:

1. Cal-Seal No. 60: After it has been mixed withdistilled water, this grade of Cal-Seal should sethard in 50 to 60 minutes.

Field Control

A field setting-time test can be made as follows:

1. Use a waxed paper cup or a clean can for amixing container.

2. Pour about 1 in. of water into the container.

3. Take a Cal-Seal sample equal to about twice thevolume of water from the center of the bag witha bag thief, or cut the bag.

4. Note the time before adding the Cal-Seal towater.

5. Gradually sift the Cal-Seal into the water untilall the water is absorbed.

6. Allow Cal-Seal to stand undisturbed until it ishard enough to support a sharp pencil or stickunder slight pressure. The elapsed time fromthe start of the mixing until the sample is hard isthe setting time.

Factors Affecting the Setting Time

Temperature has an appreciable effect on the settingtime of Cal-Seal. The shortest time is obtained atapproximately 120°F (49°C). At lower or highertemperatures, the setting times get longer. For regu-lar Cal-Seal, the setting time at very low tempera-tures and at temperatures exceeding 140°F (60°C) ismuch longer than the grade (No. 60, etc.) specifies.Regular Cal-Seal will not set satisfactorily at tem-peratures much higher than 140°F (60°C). HT Cal-Seal should be used for higher temperatureconditions. For best results the mixing water shouldbe at a temperature of 60°F (16°C) to 80°F (27°C).

Many chemicals which affect the setting time of Cal-Seal are present in waters available in the field. It is

for this reason that dump bailer units are equippedwith a tank to carry water of acceptable purity tothe location.

The following materials function as accelerators andwill shorten the setting time of Cal-Seal:

1. Salt or seawater

2. Soda water

4. Salt at low concentrations

5. Baking soda

6. Portland cement

The following waters and materials function asretarders and will lengthen the setting time of Cal-Seal:

1. Sodate retarder

2. Sulfide waters

3. Swamp water containing tannic acid

4. Sodium hexa meta phosphate or calgon

5. Quadrafos

6. HR® retarders

To accelerate Cal-Seal so that 60-minute Cal-Sealwill set in approximately 30 minutes, add 1 lb (454g) of salt/100 lb (45.4 kg) of Cal-Seal.

The concentration of salt required to give an acceler-ated setting time can be determined by addingvarying amounts of salt (½ to 2½ lb) (0.227 to 1.13kg) to 5 gal (18.9 L) of water and making a settingtime test for each concentration of salt until thecorrect setting time is obtained. Ocean water willusually cause 60-minute Cal-Seal to set in about 25minutes.

The resultant set material is not as strong or assatisfactory when salt is used and is not recom-mended except in cases of necessity.

NOTE: Do not use MORE THAN 2½ lb (1.13 kg) ofsalt/sk. It will retard the setting time of Cal-Seal.

Baking soda can also be used in the ratio of 1 lb (454g)/sk of Cal-Seal which makes any Cal-Seal set in 15to 20 minutes.

NOTE: Do not use MORE THAN 1 lb (454 g) be-cause the Cal-Seal will be full of holes and lackstrength.

In using all these accelerators, place the correctamount of mixing water in the mixer, and add theproper amount of accelerator to the water. Mix until

Section 3

Special Cements

3-12 January 1996


all the accelerator is in solution. Then add the Cal-Seal for further mixing.

Cal-Seal-Portland Cement Mixtures

The following tabulations present data on slurryproperties (Table 3-5), thickening time (Table 3-6and Fig. 3-1), and compressive strength (Table 3-7)of Cal-Seal - Standard Cement mixtures at 40°F,60°F, and 80°F (4°C, 16°C, and 27°C).

For the particular materials used in these tests,acceleration of thickening time of Cal-Seal andStandard Cement blends reached a maximum near21% Cal-Seal, but strength development with timeremained proportional to the concentration of Cal-Seal for the first 24 hours. Mixtures with 5% Cal-Seal had about the same strength development asneat cement, and 90% Cal-Seal blends approachedthe same values as 100% Cal-Seal.

A mixture with 90% Cal-Seal had a compressivestrength of slightly more than 1,000 psi (6.99 mPa)in 30 minutes at 80°F (27°C) when mixed with 4.8gal (18.17 L) of water/100 lb (45.36 kg) of blend. Amixture with 80% Cal-Seal reaches this strength inabout 45 minutes when mixed with the sameamount of water. The actual value of 30-minutestrength varies somewhat with the particular batchof cement.

The Cal-Seal samples used for these tests would notset in 30 minutes but had approximately full-strength of more than 2,600 psi (17.93 mPa) in 60minutes. The set Cal-Seal is water soluble but add-ing cement inhibits leaching of Cal-Seal, and lowermixing water ratios decrease the apparent solubil-ity.

Increasing temperatures accelerated the thickeningtimes and early strengths of all mixtures tested, but24-hour strengths at 80°F (27°C) were almost inde-pendent of Cal-Seal concentration up to 50% Cal-Seal. Temperatures had a negligible effect on24-hour strengths for 90% and 80% Cal-Seal mix-tures.

Thickening times of all slurries were determinedwith a Halliburton Consistometer regulated at testtemperature with viscosity noted at 1-min intervalsuntil the slurries reached 70 Bc. Compressivestrengths of all blends were determined at atmo-spheric curing pressure.

A special grade of gypsum hemihydrate (IndustrialGauging Plaster Type B-85, U.S. Gypsum Co.) can

be used with Classes A, G, or H in specializedblends to achieve a specific result. Also, Cal-Sealcan be adaptable to the same purposes. This gyp-sum can also be blended with cement to take advan-tage of its thixotropic-producing properties for plugflow cementing applications. The gypsum is alsoused in small quantities in cement blends for itsexpansion-producing property.

Cal-Seal Cement Mixtures withSodium Chloride Accelerator

For very shallow wells or surface applications atlow temperatures where an extremely short settingtime combined with very rapid strength develop-ment is needed, a small amount of sodium chloridecan be used as an accelerator for Cal-Seal-cementmixtures. Under normal conditions these mixturescan be expected to set hard in slightly less than 30minutes and should rapidly gain strength in thetime interval between 30 and 60 minutes at a tem-perature as low as 50°F (10°C). The strength gain isso rapid that a few minutes difference can result in aconsiderable difference in strength.

A mixture of 90 parts Cal-Seal and 10 parts cementcontaining 2 parts sodium chloride can be expectedto develop over 1,000 psi (6.89 mPa) compressivestrength in 30 minutes at 50°F (10°C) when mixedwith 4.8 gal (18.17 L) of water/100 lb (45.36 kg) ofblend. Laboratory specimens had a compressivestrength of approximately 1,900 psi (13.10 mPa)when cured at 50°F (10°C) for 30 minutes.

Using CFR-2 to obtain necessary slurry consistencyat lower water ratios slightly lowers the earlystrength of the set blend but may be necessary forlow viscosity and necessary flow properties in 70-30and 50-50 Cal-Seal cement blends. Lowering waterratios has only a slight effect on compressivestrengths in 30 minutes but will probably result in astronger set after 24 hours at low temperatures.

January 1996 3-13

Section 3


240(1.7)

200(1.4)

160(1.1)

120(.83)

80(.55)

40(.28)

2,000(13.8)2,000(13.8)

00.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55

Bon

ding

Str

engt

h -

psi (

mP

a) o

f Bon

ding

Are

a

Water/Cal-Seal Ratio (lb water/lb Cal-Seal)

6,000(41.4)

4.517.0

5.018.9

5.520.8

1,000(6.9)

2,000(13.8)

3,000(20.7)

4,000(27.6)

5,000(34.5)

gal water/skL water/sk

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h -

psi (

mP

a)

Bonding Strength

Compressive Strength

Fig. 3-1: Bonding and Compressive Strength of Cal-Seal vs. Water Cal-Seal Ratio

Section 3

Special Cements

3-14 January 1996


a

Table 3-5: Slurry Properties

Cal-Seal/Cement

Ratio

Water Ratio/100 lb (45.36 kg) of blend Slurry Weight Slurry Volume

gal L cu ft lb/gal lb/cu ft kg/L ft /100 lb L/45.36 kg

5/100 5.5 (20.82) 0.74 15.6 117 1.87 1.25 35.4

10/100 5.5 (20.82) 0.74 15.5 116 1.86 1.26 35.7

25/100 5.5 (20.82) 0.74 15.4 115 1.85 1.27 36.0

40/100 5.5 (20.82) 0.74 15.3 114 1.83 1.28 36.2

60/100 5.5 (20.82) 0.74 15.2 114 1.82 1.28 36.2

100/100 5.5 (20.82) 0.74 15.1 113 1.81 1.29 36.5

90% 5.5 (20.82) 0.74 14.9 111 1.79 1.31 37.4

80% 5.5 (20.82) 0.74 14.8 111 1.27 1.32 37.4

90% 4.8 (18.17) 0.54 15.4 115 1.85 1.22 34.6

80% 4.8 (18.17) 0.64 15.3 114 1.83 1.23 34.8

3

b

b

b

b

b

b

c

c

c

c

b

aWater and slurry volume based on 100 lb (45.36 kg) of Cal-Seal-Cement blend.b100 lb (45.36 kg) sk of Cal-Seal /94 lb (42.64 kg) sk of cement.c90 lb (40.82 kg) of Cal-Seal/10 lb (4.45 kg) of cement or 80 lb (36.29 kg) of Cal-Seal/20 lb (9.07 kg) of cement.

January 1996 3-15

Section 3


Table 3-6: Thickening Times to 70 Bc-Minutes

sacks of Cal-Seal/100 sk of Cement 40°F (4°C) 60°F (16°C) 80°F (27°C)

5 180+ 180+ 180+

10 82 44 9

25 67 38 9

40 51 34 9

60 45 30 9

100 32 27 9

Cal-Seal 28

Standard Cement 180+

90% to 5.5 43 44 25

80% to 5.5 31 43 28

90% to 4.8 29 39 21

80% to 4.8 21 33 18

a

a

a

a

aWater ratio in gal/sk for blend; 90% means 90 lb (40.82 kg) of Cal-Seal/10 lb (4.54 kg) of cement and 80%means 80 lb (36.29 kg) of Cal-Seal/20 lb (0.07 kg) of cement.

Section 3

Special Cements

3-16 January 1996


Table 3-7: Compressive Strength of Cal-Seal

Cal-Seal/Cement Ratio

Compressive Strength - psi (mPa) @ Indicated Time (hr)

½ 1 2 4 8 24

Compressive Strength - 40°F (4°C)

5/100 N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. 5 (0.3) 135 (0.93)

10/100 N.S. N.S. N.S. 10 (0.07) 80 (0.55) 150 (1.0)

25/100 N.S. 50 (0.34) 130 (0.90) 115 (0.79) 95 (0.66) 270 (1.90)

40/100 N.S. 140 (0.97) 290 (2.0) 280 (1.90) 230 (1.60) 400 (2.80)

60/100 N.S. 320 (2.2) 465 (3.2) 495 (3.4) 410 (2.8) 605 (4.2)

100/100 N.S. 565 (3.9) 770 (5.3) 835 (5.8) 700 (4.8) 830 (5.7)

90%-5.5 N.S. 1,015 (7.0) 1,640 (11.3) 1,885 (13.0) 1,800 (12.4) 2,310 (15.9)

80%-5.5 N.S. 565 (3.9) 1,585 (10.9) 1,815 (12.5) 1,555 (10.7) 1,810 (12.5)

90%-4.8 N.S. 1,195 (8.2) 2,460 (17.0) 3,030 (20.9) 2,820 (19.4) 3,075 (21.2)

80%-4.8 N.S. 1,080 (7.4) 1,080 (7.4) 2,190 (15.1) 2,310 (15.9) 2,735 (18.9)


5/100 N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. 25 (.17) 60 (.41)

10/100 N.S. N.S. 10 (0.07) 10 (0.07) 46 (0.32) 705 (4.9)

25/100 N.S. 100 (0.69) 80 (0.55) 105 (0.72) 100 (0.69) 640 (4.4)

40/100 N.S. 270 (1.9) 215 (1.5) 220 (1.5) 190 (1.3) 760 (5.2)

60/100 N.S. 245 (1.7) 420 (2.9) 305 (2.1) 410 (2.8) 915 (6.3)

100/100 N.S. 735 (5.1) 695 (4.8) 770 (5.3) 680 (4.7) 1,130 (7.8)

90%-5.5 N.S. 1,150 (7.9) 2,030 (14.0) 2,070 (14.3) 2,050 (14.1) 1,960 (20.4)

80%-5.5 N.S. 1,180 (8.1) 1,580 (10.9) 1,810 (12.5) 1,820 (12.5) 1,960 (13.5)

90%-4.8 N.S. 1,730 (11.9) 2,135 (14.7) 2,550 (17.6) 1,780 (12.3) 2,960 (20.4)

80%-4.8 N.S. 1,870 (12.9) 3,085 (21.3) 22,65 (15.6) 2,850 (19.6) 2,830 (19.5)

a100 lb (45.36 kg) sk of Cal-Seal/94 lb (42.64 kg) sk of cement.bWater/solids ratio for blend, 90 lb (40.82 kg) of Cal-Seal/10 lb (4.54 kg) of cement and 80 lb (36.29 kg) Cal-Seal/20 lb (9.07 kg) of cement.

N.S. — Not Set.

a

a

a

a

a

a

b

b

b

b

a

a

a

a

a

b

b

b

b

a

January 1996 3-17

Section 3


Table 3-7: Compressive Strength of Cal-Seal (cont.)

Cal-Seal/Cement Ratio

Compressive Strength - psi (mPa) @ Indicated Time (hr)

½ 1 2 4 8 24


5/100 N.S. N.S. N.S. 5 (0.03) 130 (0.90) 1,370 (9.4)

10/100 N.S. 5 (0.03) 5 (0.03) 15 (0.01) 175 (1.2) 1,305 (9.0)

25/100 60 (0.42) 65 (0.45) 70 (0.48) 65 (0.45) 270 (1.9) 1,320 (9.1)

40/100 140 (0.97) 215 (1.5) 230 (1.6) 180 (1.2) 350 (2.4) 1,305 (9.0)

60/100 250 (1.7) 280 (1.9) 340 (2.3) 335 (2.3) 385 (2.7) 1,355 (9.3)

100/100 350 (2.4) 585 (4.0) 590 (4.1) 590 (4.1) 665 (4.6) 1,225 (9.2)

90%-5.5 185 (1.3) 1,500 (10.3) 2,055 (14.2) 2,110 (14.5) 2,155 (14.9) 2,070 (14.3)

80%-5.5 535 (3.7) 1,835 (12.7) 2,200 (15.2) 2,285 (15.8) 1,920 (13.2) 1,875 (12.9)

90%-4.8 1,185 (8.2) 2,250 (15.5) 2,635 (18.2) 2,630 (18.1) 2,610 (18.0) 2,560 (17.7)

80%-4.8 635 (4.4) 2,230 (15.4) 2,260 (15.6) 2,285 (15.8) 2,540 (17.5) 2,680 (18.5)

a100 lb (45.36 kg) sk of Cal-Seal/94 lb (42.64 kg) sk of cement.bWater/solids ratio for blend, 90 lb (40.82 kg) of Cal-Seal/10 lb (4.54 kg) of cement and 80 lb (36.29 kg) Cal-Seal/20 lb (9.07 kg) of cement.

N.S. — Not Set.

a

a

a

a

a

a

b

b

b

b

Section 3

Special Cements

3-18 January 1996


Table 3-8: Effective Concentration of Sodium Chloride Accelerator

Cal-Seal Standard Cement Mixture30-minute Compressive Strength - psi (mPa)

50°F (10°C)

Blend Water Sodium Chloride Accelerator

Cal-Seallb (kg)

Cementlb (kg)

/100 lb(45.36 kg)of Blendgal (L)

% by Weight of BlendCompressive Strength - psi (mPa)

90 (40.82) 10 (4.54) 4.8 (18.17) 2.0%1,920 (13.2) (25) (0.17)

80 (36.29) 20 (9.07) 5.5 (20.82) 1.0% 1.5% 1.75% 2.0% 4.0%

610 (4.2) 835 (5.8) 825 (5.7) 1,180 (8.1) 1,055 (7.3)

70 (31.75) 30 (13.61) 5.5 (20.82) 0.75% 1.0% 1.25% 1.5%

270 (1.9) 255 (1.8) 215 (1.5) 155 (1.1)

aValue in this parenthesis is only for calcium chloride.bPronounced gelation of slurry.

Table 3-9: Cal-Seal Standard Cement Mixtures with Sodium Chloride Accelerator

30-min Compressive Strength - psi (mPa)

Blend Salt Water CFR-2 Comp. Stg. - psi (mPa)

Cal-Seallb (kg)

Cementlb (kg)

% by weightof Blend

/100 lb (45.36 kg)of Blend gal (L)

% by weightof Blend

50°F 80°F

80 (36.29) 20 (9.07) 2.00 5.5 (20.82) 0.0 640 (5.5) 1,250 (8.6)

80 (36.29) 20 (9.07) 2.00 5.5 (20.80) 0.5 720 (5.0) 990 (6.8)

70 (31.75) 30 (13.61) 2.00 5.1 (19.30) 0.0 235 (1.6) 1,125 (7.8)

70 (31.75) 30 (13.61) 1.00 5.1 (19.30) 0.5 100 (0.69) 940 (6.5)

50 (22.68) 50 (22.68) 0.75 4.8 (18.17) 0.0 240 (1.7) 780 (5.4)

50 (22.68) 50 (22.68) 0.75 4.8 (18.17) 0.5 60 (0.41) 575 (4.0)

a

b

January 1996 3-19

Section 3


Hydromite

Description and Primary Function: Hydromite is acombination of synthetic resin and gypsum cement.Hydromite is suitable for use in any formation. It isused for squeezing or bottom plugs to control for-mation water or gas.

Secondary Effects: Hydromite sets quickly andforms a strong, durable plug that bonds to the for-mation.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid contactwith skin and eyes. Avoid inhaling the dust. Flushthe exposed area with plenty of water.

Properties:

Additive: Hydromite

Part No.: 890.50451


Form: powder

Color: pink

How Packaged: 50-lb drum


Water Requirement: 3 gal/100 lb


Odor: pungent

Flash Point: none



Concentration: See following usage instructions.


Usage Restrictions: Never use salt or salt water.


1. increases strength and durability

Section 3

Special Cements

3-20 January 1996


Field Procedures for Hydromite

The following steps briefly summarize the filedprocedure for Hydromite:

1. Study the well, and plan the job.

2. Prepare and clean the well. Be sure the well isdead.

3. Obtain an accurate bottomhole temperature.

4. Place the correct amount of water in the mixer(at the rate of 3 gal/100 lb Hydromite).

5. Refer to Table 3-10 or Table 3-11 for the typeand amount of catalyst to use, corresponding tothe indicated bottomhole temperature.

6. Add the catalyst in the mixing water and circu-late at least 1 minute.

7. Add Hydromite and mix thoroughly until theslurry is smooth.

8. Pour into bailer and lower bailer in the well.

9. Apply squeeze pressure to the Hydromite (100psi minimum).

Physical PropertiesSome of the physical properties of Hydromite(mixed with 3 gal of water/100 lb) are:

1. Slurry volume/100 lb Hydromite - 8.4 gal

2. Slurry weight — 14.9 lb/gal (111.5 lb/cu ft)

3. Compressive strength — 4,000 psi or more in 24hours

4. Expansion — 0.3% at initial set

Set Hydromite is a hard, impermeable materialwhich expands as it takes its initial set. This prop-erty helps give the plug a tight bond to theformation.

Hydromite is composed of two phases, a gypsumphase and a resin-water phase. When pressure isapplied to Hydromite or it is “squeezed,” the resin-water phase is forced into the permeable formationwhere it sets into a hard, impermeable mass.

Setting TimeThe setting or hardening of Hydromite proceeds intwo stages. Both stages depend on the temperatureand the amount of catalyst used. The gypsum ce-ment portion of the Hydromite usually hardens or“sets” before the resin portion reaches its final hard-ening point. While Hydromite takes its initial set inabout 90 minutes or less after mixing, the material

may not reach final hardness for many hours be-cause of the gradual hardening of the resin portionof the mix.

The effect of the catalyst on the gypsum portion ofHydromite is small, and the primary use of thecatalyst is to help control the setting time of theresin portion. Thus, an error in the amount of cata-lyst used might not be too noticeable in the surfacesample or in the hardness of the plug in the well,but it will change the setting time of the resin por-tion enough to prevent either squeezing it into theformation or its setting up after it has been squeezedinto the formation.

Two types of catalyst are used depending on thebottomhole temperature of the well. Table 3-10gives the amount of Catalyst A to use when BHT isfrom 60°F to 120°F, and Table 3-11 gives the amountof Catalyst A-120 to use when BHT is from 120°F to180°F. These tables also give the time available fordumping Hydromite, initial hardening time, and thefinal hardening time.

In cases where a plug of Hydromite is placed and itis necessary to dump more material on top of thisplug, the setting time considered is shown in thecolumn headed “Initial Hardening Time.” For ex-ample, with a BHT of 160°F and the addition of 4 ozof Catalyst A-120/100 lb, the plug would be hardenough to dump on in approximately 95 minutesafter mixing, even though maximum hardnesswould not be reached for 5 to 6 hours.

In cases where the resin phase is squeezed out intothe formation and the plug is to be drilled out, thetime considered is in the column headed “FinalHardening Time.” For example, at a BHT of 160°F,when using 4 oz catalyst/100 lb, the plug shouldnot be drilled out for at least 5 hours. This is thetime required for the resin portion of the Hydromiteto cure or “set.” Never swab, bail, or drill the welluntil the time given in the column “Final HardeningTime” has elapsed.

Mixing

Hydromite is mixed by using 3 gal of water/100 lbof Hydromite. Do not use excess water.

The mixing water should be clean and fresh. Neveruse salt water for mixing Hydromite.

The temperature of the mixing water should neverexceed the bottomhole temperature of the well andshould preferably not exceed 85°F. Using cold waterin mixing Hydromite gives a thickening of the

January 1996 3-21

Section 3


slurry which makes it appear that insufficient mix-ing water has been used. This thickening of theslurry can be expected when the temperature of theslurry is less than 40°F.

During cold weather it is advisable to preheat themixing water enough to balance the cooling effect ofthe cold mixer, bailer, and Hydromite.

Hydromite can be mixed in either the standard Cal-Seal mixer or in a small container with a portablemixer. The catalyst is added to the mixing waterand mixed thoroughly. The Hydromite is thenadded and mixed until the slurry is smooth, free oflumps, and at the proper consistency.

Placing in Well

Hydromite is usually placed in a well by using theHalliburton dump bailer equipment. The dumpbailer, filled with fresh water, is run to the bottom ofhole and dumped to help ensure the bailer goesfreely to bottom and to flag the bailer line. After theHydromite is mixed, it is poured into the bailer andrun to bottom. The bailer should be set on the bot-tom with enough force to shear the bailer disc onlyonce. It is then picked up about a foot, held for aminute, picked up to the calculated height of thedump, held for a minute, and then brought up andout of the hole. Any unnecessary fluid agitation bythe bailer while on the bottom increases the chancesof contamination of the Hydromite.

A squeeze pressure of not less than 100 psi shouldbe applied immediately to the Hydromite in thewell. High squeeze pressures will not damageHydromite, so 100 psi is the minimum to use. Themaximum can be any pressure. In general, squeezepressures from 800 to 1,000 psi (5.50 to 6.90 mPa)are preferred.

If the well is full of fluid, this squeeze pressureshould be applied with a pressure pump. If the fluidlevel is low, quickly loading the hole with fluidshould give the necessary pressure head. This pres-sure should be applied before the “Initial Harden-ing Time” has elapsed.

When loading the hole, 100 psi (0.690 mPa) requiresan increase in the fluid level of the well of about 250ft (76 m) when using water or about 350 ft (107 m)when using oil.

It is advisable to catch a sample of the Hydromiteslurry as it is dumped into the bailers. This sampleindicates when the material in the well is set.

It is not advisable to pump Hydromite throughtubing.

The Use of Hydromite in Deep Wells

Hydromite has been used successfully in the field atwell depths of approximately 12,000 ft (3,660 m)where bottomhole temperatures are about 200°F to225°F (93°C to 107°C). Under these conditions, nocatalyst is used, and 30 g of sodate retarder/50 lb(27 kg) of Hydromite is recommended. The dump-ing time under these conditions is approximately 1hour.

Laboratory tests with percentages of sodate retarderin excess of the amount shown do not extend thedumping time. In deep wells, a trial run to the bot-tom of the hole with fresh water is suggested todetermine if the material can be dumped in theallotted time.

The secret to a successful operation is dumping thematerial as quickly as possible. At these tempera-tures, Hydromite should set hard in approximately5 hours.

Section 3

Special Cements

3-22 January 1996


Table 3-10: 60°F to 120°F (16°C to 49°C) Catalyst A/100 lb (45.4 kg) Hydromite

BottomholeTemperature

Catalyst A/100 lb

AvailablePumping Time

InitialHardening

Time

FinalHardening

Time

Setting Timeat 75°F(25°C)

°F (°C) oz g min min hr min

60 (16) 24 680 30 100 20 60

65 (18) 21 595 30 95 16 60

70 (21) 18 510 30 90 10 70

75 (24) 15 425 30 85 8 70

80 (27) 12 340 30 85 7 75

85 (29) 9 255 30 75 6 75

90 (32) 6½ 184 30 75 5 80

95 (35) 5 142 30 70 4 80

100 (38) 4 113 30 65 4 80

105 (41) 3½ 99 30 65 4 80

110 (43) 3 85 30 60 3 80

115 (46) 2¾ 78 30 60 3 80

120 (49) 2½ 71 30 60 3 80

aNote: It is permissible to use either volume or weight measurements for the amount of catalyst required.

a

January 1996 3-23

Section 3


Table 3-11: 120°F to 180°F (49°C to 82°C) Catalyst A-120/100 lb (45.4 kg) Hydromite

BottomholeTemperature Catalyst A-120/100 lb

AvailablePumping

Time

InitialHardening

Time

FinalHardening

Time

Setting Timeat 75°F(24°C)

°F (°C) oz g min min hr min

120 (49) 20 567 30 60 3 85

125 (52) 16 454 30 60 3 85

130 (54) 12 340 30 70 4 85

135 (57) 10 283 30 80 4 90

140 (60) 8 227 30 80 4 90

145 (63) 7 198 30 90 4 90

150 (66) 6 170 30 90 4 90

155 (68) 5 142 30 90 4 90

160 (71) 4 113 30 95 5 90

165 (74) 3 85 30 95 5 90

170 (77) 2 57 30 95 5 90

175 (79) 1½ 43 30 100 5 90

180 (82) 1 28 30 110 5 90

aNote: It is permissible to use either volume or weight measurements for the amount of catalyst required.

a

Section 3

Special Cements

3-24 January 1996


PERMAFROST® Cement

Description and Primary Function: PERMAFROSTis a special blend of cementing materials formulatedfor setting surface casing and conductor pipe wherethe formation temperatures are as low as 15°F. It isused in permafrost areas where washouts, fractures,and ice lenses are encountered.

Secondary Effects: PERMAFROST's low heat ofhydration develops strength rapidly at subfreezingtemperatures.

Interaction with Other Additives: Retard perma-frost with sodium citrate.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid getting itin the eyes. Avoid inhaling the dust. Flush the ex-posed areas with water.

Properties:

Additive: PERMAFROST Cement

Form: powder

Color: gray

How Packaged: 75-lb sack or bulk


Water Requirement: 3.5 gal/75-lb sk

Solubility in Water: @20°C, insoluble

Odor: none

Flash Point: none


Temperature: 15°F to 120°F (-9°C to 49°C)

Concentration: 41 lb Cal-Seal, 26 lb Class G, 3 lbsalt, 4.6 lb Gilsonite, 0.33 lb CFR-2



1. decreases thickening time

2. increases early strength

January 1996 3-25

Section 3


■■■■ ■

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2

04

812

1620

2428

Cur

ing

Tim

e —

Day

s

Compressive Strength — psi x 100

2-hr

Pum

ping

Tim

e3

lb/s

k Lo

st-C

ircul

atio

n M

ater

ial "

A"

14.5

% S

alt

Fig. 3-2: PERMAFROST® Cement Curing Temperature - 25°F

■■■■ ■

■■■■ ■

■■■■ ■

Section 3

Special Cements

3-26 January 1996


Table 3-13: Typical PERMAFROST Pumping Time

Sodium Citrate Concentration Circulating Temperature, °F (°C)

lb/sk 20° (-7) 30° (-1) 40° (4)

0.08 7:28 4:41 3:38

0.09 8:00 6:14 4:32

0.10 9:57 7:21 5:21

0.00 0:40 0:35 0:25

®

Table 3-14: Typical Thermal Properties of PERMAFROST

Diffusivity Specific Heat Conductivity Hydration Heat

ft/hr btu/lb btu/hr/ft /°F/ft btu/lb of slurry

0.0095 0.400 0.438 19.2

January 1996 3-27

Section 3


20

12(-11)

14(-10)

16(-9)

18(-8)

20(-7)

22(-6)

24(-4)

26(-3)

28(-2)

30(-1)

32(0)

16

12

8

4

0

Freezing Temperature of Salt Water °F (°C)

Sal

t Con

cent

ratio

n -

% b

wow

Fig. 3-3: Salt Concentration vs. Freezing Temperature

Section 3

Special Cements

3-28 January 1996


Halliburton Light Cement(HLC)

Description and Primary Function: HalliburtonLight Cement (HLC) is a blend of cement, POZMIX®

A, and bentonite. HLC is a filler-type cementingcomposition used in high column cementing orwhere hole conditions do not require critical cementslurries.

Secondary Effects: HLC has variable density and iseconomical.

Interaction with Other Additives: It is compatiblewith most additives.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid inhalingdust and getting dust in eyes. Wash skin with soapand water. Flush eyes with plenty of water.

Properties:

Additive: HLC

Form: powder

Color: gray

How Packaged: bulk blended


Water Requirement: variable



Temperature: 80°F to 230°F (27°C to 110°C) AddingSSA-1 or SSA-2 increases temperature range to400°F (204°C).

Concentration: 65% cement, 35% POZMIX A, and6% bentonite


Usage Restrictions: It is not recommended as acompletion cement.


1. decreases density and strength

2. increases the amount of water needed for mix-ing and thickening time

January 1996 3-29

Section 3


aIf mixed at these slurry weights with salt saturation, 8% bentonite is recommended to prevent excessivefree-water separation.

®

33

Table 3-15: Halliburton Light Cement with Salt and HR -4for High Temp erature C onditions

Cement Slurry Properties

Water Salt Slurry Weight Slurry Volume

gal/sk L/sk % lb/gal kg/L ft /sk m /sk

10.9 41.3 0 12.4 1.49 1.97 0.0558

10.9 41.3 18 12.9 1.55 2.07 0.0586

10.9 41.3 Saturated 13.3 1.60 2.19 0.0620

9.9 37.5 0 12.7 1.52 1.84 0.0521

9.9 37.5 18 13.2 1.58 1.92 0.0544

9.9 37.5 Saturated 13.5 1.62 2.03 0.0575

13.4 50.7 18 12.4 1.49 2.41 0.0682

16.4 62.1 Saturated 12.4 1.49 3.00 0.0849

11.9 45.0 18 12.7 1.52 2.19 0.0620

14.2 53.8 Saturated 12.7 1.52 2.67 0.0756

a

Section 3

Special Cements

3-30 January 1996


3 3

Table 3-16: Slurry Properties

Weight/sk, 87 lb - 3.6 Abs. gal (13.6 L)(Cement)

Water Weight Volume API Casing Schedules

gal/sk L/sk lb/gal kg/L ft /sk m /sk 4,000 ft 3:00

7.7 29.0 13.6 (13.0) 1.62 (1.57) 1.54 (1.70) 0.0436 (0.048) 4:00+ 3:40

8.8 33.0 13.1 (12.7) 1.57 (1.52) 1.69 (1.84) 0.0479 (0.052) 4:00+ 4:00+

9.9 37.5 12.7 (12.4) 1.52 (1.49) 1.84 (1.99) 0.0521 (0.056) 4:00+ 4:00+

10.9 41.0 12.4 (12.1) 1.49 (1.45) 1.97 (2.12) 0.0558 (0.060) 4:00+ 4:00+

Weight

Compressive Strength - psi (mPa)

95°F (35°C) - 800 psi (5.50 mPa) 110°F (43°C) - 1,600 psi (11.00 mPa)

lb/gal kg/L 24 hr 72 hr 24 hr 72 hr

13.6 1.63 495 (3.41) 1,050 (7.24) 645 (4.45) 1,340 (9.24)

13.1 1.57 320 (2.21) 745 (5.14) 435 (4.36) 820 (5.65)

12.7 1.52 235 (1.62) 485 (3.34) 330 (2.28) 570 (3.93)

12.4 1.49 165 (1.14) 315 (2.17) 225 (1.55) 485 (3.34)

Light Cement with 2.0% Calcium Chloride, Compressive Strength - psi (mPa)

Curing Timehr

Curing Conditions

80°F (27°C)ATM Pressure

97°F (35°C)800 psi (5.52 mPa)

110°F (43°C)800 psi (5.52 mPa)

Slurry Weight - 13.1 lb/ gal (1.57 kg/ L)

12 150 (1,030) 225 (1.55) 320 (2,210)

18 230 (1,590) 410 (2.83) 335 (2,310)

24 310 (2,140) 630 (4.34)520 (3.59)

770 (5.31)700 (4.83)

Slurry Weight - 12.7 lb/gal (1.52 kg/L)

12 90 (620) 130 (0.90) 175 (1.21)

18 120 (830) 260 (1.79) 370 (2.25)

24 235 (1,620) 425 (2.93)405 (2.79)

520 (3.59)490 (3.38)

Slurry Weight - 12.4 lb/gal (1.49 kg/L)

12 55 (380) 105 (0.72) 85 (0.59)

18 115 (790) 160 (1.10) 240 (1.65)

24 200 (1,380) 275 (1.90)245 (1.69)

380 (2.62)315 (2.17)

aValues are for seawater of 3% salt water without calcium chloride.

a

a a a a

aa a a

a aa

aa aa

a a

aa

a

January 1996 3-31

Section 3


Table 3-17: Halliburton Light CementPressure-Temperature Thickening Time and Compressive Strength Tests

Cement

Slurry Weight Salt HR -4Thickening

Time24-hr Compressive

Strength

lb/gal kg/L % % hr:min psi mPa

BHST - 170°F (8,000 ft) 77°C (2, 438 m)

12.4 1.49 0 0.20 4:30 1,100 7.58

12.9 1.55 18 0.20 4:30+ 950 6.55

13.3 1.59 Saturated 0.00 4:00+ 830 5.72

12.7 1.52 0 0.30 3:00 1,185 8.17

13.2 1.58 18 0.30 3:30+ 1,005 6.93

13.5 1.62 Saturated 0.00 3:30+ 910 6.27

12.4 1.49 18 0.20 4:30+ 720 4.96

12.4 1.49 Saturated 0.00 4:00+ 510 3.52

12.7 1.52 18 0.30 3:30+ 860 5.93

12.7 1.52 Saturated 0.00 3:00+ 740 5.10

BHST - 230°F (10,000 ft) - 110°C (3,048 m)

12.4 1.49 0 0.40 4:55 1,305 9.00

12.9 1.55 18 0.30 3:37 1,250 8.62

13.3 1.60 Saturated 0.00 3:30+ 850 5.86

12.7 1.52 0 0.50 3:08 1,490 10.27

13.2 1.58 18 0.40 4:15 1,460 10.07

13.5 1.62 Saturated 0.00 4:00+ 870 6.00

12.4 1.49 18 0.30 4:30+ 935 6.45

12.4 1.49 Saturated 0.00 3:30+ 555 3.83

12.7 1.52 18 0.40 5:54 940 6.48

12.7 1.52 Saturated 0.00 3:30+ 410 2.83

®

a

a

aIf mixed at these slurry weights with salt saturation, 8% bentonite is recommended to prevent excessivefree-water separation.

a

a

a

a

a

Section 3

Special Cements

3-32 January 1996


3 3

Value in parentheses is 10 lb/sk gilsonite.

Table 3-18: Halliburton Light Cement(Premium Plus Cement)

Slurry PropertiesWt/sk, 87 lb - Abs. gal (13.6 L)

Water Weight Volume

Thickening Timehr:min

API Casing Schedules

gal/sk L/sk lb/gal kg/L ft /sk m /sk 4,000 ft 6,000 ft

9.6 36.3 12.8 (12.5) 1.53 (1.50) 1.80 (1.95) 0.051 (0.055) 4:00+ 3:07

10.6 40.1 12.5 (12.2) 1.50 (1.46) 1.93 (2.08) 0.055 (0.059) 4:00+ 3:41

11.6 43.0 12.2 (12.0) 1.46 (1.44) 2.06 (2.21) 0.058 (0.063) 4:00+ 3:59

12.6 47.7 12.0 (11.8) 1.44 (1.41) 2.20 (2.35) 0.062 (0.066) 4:00+ 4:20

Weight kg/L

24-hr Compressive Strength - psi (mPa)

95°F (35°C) - 800 psi (5.50 mPa) 110°F (43°C) - 1,600 psi (11.00 mPa)

psi mPa psi mPa

12.8 1.53 470 3.24 605 4.17

12.5 1.50 365 2.52 440 3.03

12.2 1.46 265 1.83 300 2.07

12.0 1.44 205 1.41 245 1.69

January 1996 3-33

Section 3


33

Table 3-19: Slurry Properties, Premium Plus Cement with Salt

Halliburton Light Cement(wt/sk 87 lb)

Water Salt Slurry Weight Slurry Volume

gal/sk L/sk % lb/gal kg/L ft /sk m /sk

10.6 40.1 0 12.50 1.50 1.93 0.055

10.6 40.1 6 12.69 1.52 1.96 0.056

10.6 40.1 12 12.85 1.54 1.99 0.056

10.6 40.1 18 13.00 1.56 2.02 0.057

12.6 47.7 0 12.00 1.44 2.20 0.062

12.6 47.7 6 12.20 1.46 2.23 0.063

12.6 47.7 12 12.38 1.38 2.27 0.064

12.6 47.7 18 12.55 1.50 2.30 0.065

Section 3

Special Cements

3-34 January 1996


Table 3-20: Halliburton Light CementPressure-Temperature Thickening-Time Tests

Casing-Cementing SchedulePremium Plus Cement

Depth - 6,000 ft (1,829m)

Static Temperature Circulating Temperature SaltThickening

Time

°F (°C) °F (°C) % hr:min

Water Requirement - 10.6 gal/sk

170 (77) 113 (45) 0 3:44

170 (77) 113 (45) 6 3:00

170 (77) 113 (45) 12 4:03

170 (77) 113 (45) 18 4:00+


170 (77) 113 (45) 0 4:18

170 (77) 113 (45) 6 3:45

170 (77) 113 (45) 12 4:55

170 (77) 113 (45) 18 4:00+

January 1996 3-35

Section 3


Table 3-21: Compressive Strength - psi (mPa)

Premium Plus CementCuring Time - 24 hours

API Curing Conditions

Salt 95°F (35°C) 110°F (43°C) 140°F (60°C)

% 800 psi (5.50mPa) 1,600 psi (11.00 mPa) 3,000 psi (20.70 mPa)


0 315 (2.17) 375 (2.59) 430 (2.96)

6 345 (2.38) 405 (2.79) 495 (3.41)

12 220 (1.52) 310 (2.14) 390 (2.69)

18 210 (1.45) 305 (2.10) 340 (2.34)

Section 3

Special Cements

3-36 January 1996


High Temperature LowDensity Cement (HTLD)

Description and Primary Function: HTLD (HighTemperature, Low-Density) Cement is composed ofPortland Cement, POZMIX® A, and hydrated lime.

Secondary Effects: HTLD develops strength rapidlyat high temperatures. It has low heat of hydrationand good flow properties.

Interaction with Other Additives: It is compatiblewith other cement additives.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid getting itin the eyes. Avoid inhaling the dust. Wash the af-fected areas.

Properties

Additive: HTLD Cement

Form: powder

Color: gray

How Packaged: bulk plant blended


Water Requirement: 7.8 gal/91-lb sk


Solubility in Water: @ 20°C, 0.165 g/100 ml H2O

Odor: none

Flash Point: none



Concentration: (blend composition)

Premium (fine) or Premium Cement 23.5 lb

POZMIX A 55.5 lb

Hydrated Lime 11.8 lb

91-lb sk



1. decreases density

2. increases viscosity

January 1996 3-37

Section 3


Table 3-22: Data on Halliburton HTLD CementSlurry Properties

Water Slurry Weight Slurry VolumeSlurry Viscosity

(Bc)Free

Water

gal/sk L/sk lb/gal kg/L ft /sk L/sk Init. 20 min %

7.80 29.5 12.9 1.55 1.61 45.6 1 1 4.2

6.48 24.5 13.5 1.62 1.43 40.5 1 1 3.3

5.54 21.0 14.0 1.68 1.31 37.1 3 5 1.8

5.15 19.5 14.2 1.70 1.26 35.7 4 5 1.7

4.74 17.9 14.5 1.74 1.20 34.0 8 9 0.6

4.07 15.4 15.0 1.80 1.11 31.4 12 16 0.1

aWith higher slurry weights, the thickening times will be longer, and the compressive strengths will belower.

3

3 3

Thickening Time

(From pressure temperature thickening-time tests)

Water: 7.8 gal/sk (29.5 L/sk)Slurry Weight: 12.9 lb/gal (1.55 kg/L)

Yield: 1.61 ft /sk (0.046 m /sk)

Well Depth

Bottomhole TemperatureTime

toReachBHCT HR -4 HR-12 Thickening TimeStatic Circulating

ft m °F °C °F °C min % % hr:min

API Casing-Cementing Schedules

10,000 3,048 230 110 144 52 36 0.0 0.0 5:00+

12,000 3,658 260 127 172 78 44 0.0 0.0 5:00+

14,000 4,267 290 143 206 97 52 0.4 0.0 3:30

16,000 4,877 320 160 248 120 60 0.5 0.0 1:50

16,000 4,877 320 160 248 120 60 0.0 0.8 4:37

API Liner-Cementing Schedules

10,000 3,048 230 110 144 52 19 0.0 0.0 5:00+

12,000 3,658 260 127 172 78 24 0.0 0.0 5:10

14,000 4,267 290 143 206 97 29 0.0 0.5 4:08

16,000 4,877 320 160 248 120 34 0.0 0.8 4:16

® a

Section 3

Special Cements

3-38 January 1996


Table 3-22: Data on Halliburton HTLD Cement (cont.)

Slurry Properties

Compressive Strength

CuringTime

Compressive Strength at a Curing Pressure of 3,000 psi (20.68 mPa) anda Curing Temperature of

230°F 110°C 260°F 127°C 290°F 143°C 320°F 160°C 350°F 177°C

days psi mPa psi mPa psi mPa psi mPa psi mPa

1 1,330 9.17 1,555 10.72 1,200 8.27 1,530 10.56 1,715 11.83

3 1,850 12.76 1,445 9.96 1,835 12.65 1,960 13.51 2,245 15.49

7 2,075 14.31 1,830 12.63 2,800 19.31 2,810 19.37 2,955 20.37

January 1996 3-39

Section 3


Matrix Cement

Description and Primary Function: Matrix cementis designed to penetrate gravel packs, very smallchannels, and some formations. Its primary applica-tion is to squeeze off water in gravel packs andslotted liners. With an average particle size 10 timessmaller than standard cement, Matrix can penetrateopenings as narrow as 0.05 mm.

Secondary Effects: It can also be used to shut offgas or steam production.

Interaction with Other Additives: Because of itssmall particle size, Matrix has a water requirementof 100 to 200% (by weight of cement). It is compat-ible with most additives.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid getting itin the eyes. Avoid inhaling the dust. Wash the af-fected area with plenty of water. Wear particle maskand eye protection.

Properties:

Additive: Matrix cement

Part No.: 516.00500


Form: powder

Color: light gray

How Packaged: 44-lb sk

Bulk Density: 50 to 60 lb/cu ft

Water Requirement: 100 to 200%


Solubility in Water: @ 20°C, insoluble

Odor: none



Concentration: Mix at densities between 11.3 and12.5 lb/gal.


Usage Restrictions: At temperatures higher than230°F, an ultra-fine silica flour should be used.

Section 3

Special Cements

3-40 January 1996


3

Table 3-23: Matrix Cement Performance Data

Matrix Cement + 1.0% CFR-3

Water (gal/100 lb) (% bwoc)

12100

18150

Slurry Density (lb/gal) 12.4 11.3

Yield (ft /100 lb) 2.16 2.96

Rheological Properties @ 75°F(0.2 Fann data)

3 rev/min 1.4 0.8

6 rev/min 1.6 0.8

100 rev/min 3.4 2.2

200 revmin 5.6 3.6

300 rev/min 7.6 4.8

600 rev/min 13.6 8.8

UCA Set Times (hr:min @ 75°F)

50 psi 15:18 18.26

500 psi 41:23 69:59

Compressive Strengths @ 75°F (psi)

24 hr 190 120

72 hr 1,470 860

7 days 2,430 1,630

7-day Air Permeability (md) 1.8 2.4

Properties of 20/40 Sand, permeated with Matrix Cement Slurry

Compressive Strength @ 75°F (psi)

24 hr 210 125

72 hr 1,270 650

7 Days 2,030 1,260

7-day Air Permeability (md) 0.011 0.18

January 1996 3-41

Section 3


3

Table 3-24: Matrix Cement Performance Data

Matrix Cement + 1% CFR-3 and Matrix Cement + 35% SSA-1 and 1% CFR-3

Matrix Cement1% CFR-3

Matrix Cement35% SSA-11% CFR-3

Water Requirement, % 125 125

gal/sk 6.59 6.59

Density, lb/gal 11.9 12.7

Yield, ft /sk 1.11 1.20

Free Water, % 5.6 1.6

Fluid Loss, cc/30 min >1,400 1,525

Rheology

1 min 11/6/4/2 18/10/8/5

20 min 18/11/8/6 28/18/15/11

Thickening Times at:

BHST BHCT

250°F 170°F 3:40 3:15

180°F 133°F 5:20 4:30

140°F 112°F 4:00+ 4:00+

100°F 90°F 4:00+ 4:00+

Compressive Strengths at:

250°F Initial set 3:02 3:19

500 psi 3:44 4:15

8 hr — 1,300 psi

12 hr 750 psi 1,450 psi

24 hr 700 psi 1,650 psi

48 hr 500 psi —

64 hr 450 psi —

Section 3

Special Cements

3-42 January 1996


Table 3-24: Matrix Cement Performance Data (cont.)

Matrix Cement + 1% CFR-3 and Matrix Cement + 35% SSA-1 + 1% CFR-3

Matrix Cement; 1% CFR-3 Matrix Cement; 35% SSA-1; 1% CFR-3

180°F Initial set: 3:59 3:22

500 psi 6:05 5:21

8 hr — 1,250 psi

12 hr 1,050 psi 1,450 psi

24 hr 1,000 psi 1,425 psi

48 hr 950 psi —

64 hr 910 psi —


500 psi 10:58 8:31

8 hr — 410 psi

12 hr 600 psi 1,025 psi

24 hr 1,600 psi 1,900 psi

48 hr 2,000 psi —

64 hr 2,000 psi —


500 psi 23:39 19:53

8 hr — 60 psi

12 hr 90 psi 150 psi

24 hr 510 psi 700 psi

48 hr 1,175 psi —

64 hr 1,450 psi —


500 psi 30:43 25:33

8 hr — 75 psi

12 hr 75 psi 125 psi

24 hr 310 psi 450 psi

48 hr 925 psi 1,100 psi

64 hr 1,125 psi —

72 hr 1,290 psi —

7 day 1,925 psi —

January 1996 3-43

Section 3


Micro Matrix Cement

Description and Primary Function: Micro Matrix isan ultra-fine cement designed to penetrate gravelpacks, very small channels, and repair casing leaks.Micro Matrix can be used as a lightweight cementfor primary cementing. Its primary application is tosqueeze off gravel packs and repair casing leaks. Itcan penetrate openings as small as 0.05 mm becauseit is as much as ten times smaller than standardcement.

Secondary Effects: It has high early strength devel-opment and is thixotropic.

Interaction with Other Additives: Micro Matrix iscompatible with most additives. Because of its smallparticle size, it has a high water requirement.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid getting itin the eyes. Avoid inhaling the dust. Wash affectedarea with plenty of water. Wear particle mask andeye protection.

Properties:

Additive: Micro Matrix

Part No.: 516.00611, 50-lb sk; 516.00612, 2,500-lbbag; 516.00613, bulk

Specific Gravity: 3.0 ± 0.10

Form: fine powder

Color: tan

How Packaged: sack, bag, and bulk

Bulk Density: 40 to 50 lb/cu ft

Water Requirement: 100 to 150%


Solubility in Water: insoluble

Odor: none



Concentration: Mix at densities between 11.0 and12.5 lb/gal.


Usage Restrictions: MICROSAND must be addedwhen Micro Matrix is used at temperatures higherthan 140°F. Do not mix 100% Micro Matrix at adensity greater than 12 lb/gal because severe gela-tion problems will occur. To overcome gelationproblems, use Micro fly ash (FDP-C512) at a 50:50ratio.


1. difficult to retard at temperatures higher than140°F without using Micro Matrix Cement Re-tarder

Section 3

Special Cements

3-44 January 1996


Table 3-25: Compressive Strength

Micro Matrix Cement + 0.25% D-AIR 1

OtherAdditives

SlurryDensity Yield Water Compressive Strength (psi)

lb/gal ft /50 lb % bwoc 24 hr 72 hr 7day

40°F

None 11.1 1.67 167 47 79 211

None 11.5 1.41 141 65 126 365

0.5% CFR-3 11.5 1.46 141 74 139 426

60°F

None 11.1 1.61 167 158 140 223

None 11.5 1.41 141 247 262 334

80°F

None 10.5 2.05 222 66 100 100

None 11.0 1.67 176 122 190 180

3% calcium chloride 11.1 1,61 167 360 390 505

None 11.5 1.41 141 225 545 515

None 12.0 1.21 117 450 1,055 880

120°F

None 11.5 1.41 141 242 435 440

160°F

1.0% CFR-3 +1.0% HR -5

11.5 1.07 100 612 860 725

180°F (cured at 3,000 psi)

1.0% CFR-2 +1.0% HR-12

12.0 1.21 117 720 780 815

1.0% CFR-2 + 50%MICROSAND

12.0 1.21 117 970 960 1,060

3

®

January 1996 3-45

Section 3


Table 3-26: Thickening Time

Micro Matrix Cement + 0.25 % D-AIR 1

Other Additives

Slurry Density Yield Water TemperatureThickening

Time

lb/gal ft /50 lb % bwoc °F hr:min

None 11.5 1.41 141 80 6:16

0.5% CFR-3 11.5 1.41 141 80 7:10

2.0% HALAD -344 + 0.5%CFR-3 + 1.0% HR -5

12.0 1.21 117 190 0:52

2.0% HALAD-344 + 0.5%CFR-3 + 1.5% HR-5

12.0 1.21 117 190 0:48

®

3

a1.0% HALAD-413

®

Table 3-27: 140°F Thickening Times (API Sch 5g)

Micro Matrix Cement117% water, (12.0 lb/gal)

Retarder Dispersant DefoamerThickening Time

hr:min

Type % Type % Type % 70 Bc/100 Bc

Fe-2 1.0 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 0.5 3:25/3:29

Fe-2 1.0 CFR-3 1.0 NF-3 0.5 2:26/2:28

SCR-100 1.0 None - NF-3 0.5 1:32/1:40

HR-5 2.0 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 0.5 1:35/1:53

HR-7 1.0 None - NF-3 0.5 1:57/2:05

None - CFR-2 1.0 NF-3 0.5 1:11/1:17

a

Section 3

Special Cements

3-46 January 1996


2

aDefoamer added half to mix water; half to slurry after mixing.bExperimental copolymer.

®

a

a

a

a

a

Table 3-28: Micro Matrix Cement117% H O (12.0 lb/gal)

190°F Thickening Time (Mod Sch 7 g)

Retarder Dispersant Defoamer Other

ThickeningTime

to 70 Bc

Type % Type % Type % Type % hr:min

SCR-100 0.5 - - D-AIR 1 1.0 - - 0:43

1.0 - - D-AIR 1 1.0 - - 0:50

2.0 - - D-AIR 1 0.5 - - 0:45

5.0 - - NF-3 1.0 - - 0:35

HR -7 3.0 - - NF-3 0.5 - - 0:25

HR-15 2.0 CFR-3 0.5 D-AIR 2 1.0 - - 1:18

Fe-2 2.0 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 1.0 - - 1:18

Sodium citrate 2.0 - - NF-3 1.0 - - 3:44

HR-25 1.0 - - NF-3 1.0 - - 0:19

2.0 - - NF-3 1.0 - - 3:44

Diacel LWL 2.0 - - NF-3 1.0 - - 3:22

1.5 - - NF-3 1.0 CFR-1 0.5 4:30

1.5 CFR-3 1.0 NF-3 1.0 CFR-1 0.5 8:00+

1.5 CFR-3 1.5 NF-3 0.5 - - 2:19

1.5 CFR-3 1.5 NF-3 0.5 0.5 1:07

1.5 CFR-3 1.0 NF-3 0.5 Caustic Lignite 1.0 1:54

1.5 CFR-2 1.5 NF-3 0.5 - - 1:14

CFR-1 0.5 - - D-AIR 1 0.5 - - 0:34

3.0 - - NF-3 1.0 - - 18:40+

1.0 - - NF-3 1.0 - - 7:00+

0.5 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 1.0 HR-5 1.5 2:32

HR-5 2.0 CFR-3 0.5 D-AIR 1 0.5 - - 2:02

2.0 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 1.0 HR-25 2.0 21:00+

2.0 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 1.0 Comp.R 2.0 4:50

1.0 - - NF-3 1.0 HR-25 1.0 0:32

1.0 CFR-2 1.0 NF-3 1.0 HR-25 1.0 1:58

a

a

a

a

ab

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

January 1996 3-47

Section 3


Table 3-29: Expansion Properties

Micro Matrix Cement + 0.25 % D-AIR 1

Other Additives

SlurryDensity Yield Water

Expansion (%)

Temp

1 day 7 daylb/gal ft /50 lb % bwoc °F

1.0% HALAD -9 11.5 1.41 141 80 0.131 0.135

20% Cal-Seal 11.5 1.67 167 80 0.179 0.345

®

3

3

Table 3-30: Static Gel Strength

Micro Matrix Cement + 0.25% D-AIR 1

Other Additives

SlurryDensity Yield Water Temp

Zero GelTime

TransitionTime

lb/gal ft /50 lb % bwoc °F hr:min hr:min

0.75% HALAD-413 +0.75% CFR-3 11.0 1.67 176 110 0.57 0.43

0.75% HALAD-413 +0.75 % CFR-3

11.5 1.41 141 110 0:19 0:30

Table 3-31: 140°F Thickening Times (API Sch 5 g)

Micro Matrix Cement117% H O (12.0 lb/gal)

Retarder Dispersant Defoamer hr:min

Type %

ThickeningTime

Type % Type % 70 Bc/100 Bc

Fe-2 1.0 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 0.5 3:25/3:29

Fe-2 1.0 CFR-3 1.0 NF-3 0.5 2:26/2:28

SCR-100 1.0 None -- NF-3 0.5 1:32/1:40

HR-5 2.0 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 0.5 1:35/1:53

HR-7 1.0 None --- NF-3 0.5 1:57/2:05

None -- CFR-2 1.0 NF-3 0.5 1:11/1:17

2

a1.0% HALAD-413

a

Section 3

Special Cements

3-48 January 1996


Table 3-32: Micro Matrix Cement117% H O (12.0 lb/gal)

190°F Thickening Time (Mod Sch 7g)

Retarder Dispersant Defoamer OtherThickening Time

to 70 Bc

Type % Type % Type % Type % hr:min

SCR-100 0.5 -- -- D-AIR 1 1.0 -- -- 0:43

1.0 -- -- D-AIR 1 1.0 -- -- 0:50

2.0 -- -- D-AIR 1 0.5 -- -- 0:45

5.0 -- -- NF-3 1.0 -- -- 0:35

HR -7 3.0 -- -- NF-3 0.5 -- -- 0:25

HR-15 2.0 CFR-3 0.5 D-AIR 2 1.0 -- -- 1:18

Fe-2 2.0 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 1.0 -- -- 1:18

Sodium Citrate 2.0 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 1.0 -- -- 0:55

HR-25 1.0 -- -- NF-3 1.0 -- -- 0:19

2.0 -- -- NF-3 1.0 -- -- 3:44

Diacel LWL 2.0 -- -- NF-3 1.0 -- -- 3:22

1.5 -- -- NF-3 1.0 CFR-1 0.5 4:30

1.5 CFR-3 1.0 NF-3 1.0 CFR-1 0.5 8:00+

1.5 CFR-3 1.5 NF-3 0.5 -- -- 2:19

1.5 CFR-3 1.0 NF-3 0.5 Caustic Lignite 1.0 1.54

1.5 CFR-2 1.5 NF-3 0.5 -- -- 1:14

CFR-1 0.5 -- -- D-AIR 1 0.5 -- -- 0:34

3.0 -- -- NF-3 1.0 -- -- 18:40+

1.0 -- -- NF-3 1.0 -- -- 7:00+

0.5 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 1.0 HR-5 1.5 2:32

HR-5 2.0 CFR-3 0.5 D-AIR 1 0.5 -- -- 2:02

2.0 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 1.0 HR-25 2.0 21:00+

2.0 CFR-3 0.5 NF-3 1.0 Comp. R 2.0 4:50

1.0 -- -- NF-3 1.0 HR-25 1.0 0:32

1.0 CFR-2 1.0 NF-3 1.0 HR-25 1.0 1:58

2

a

a

a

aDefoamer added to mix water; half to slurry after mixing.

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

®

a

January 1996 3-49

Section 3


Refractory Cements

Description and Primary Function: Refractorycement (Ciment Fondu made in France by theLafarge Cement Company) is a high calcium alumi-nate cement which is resistant to high temperatures(2,000°F). It is primarily used in fireflood and ther-mal recovery wells.

Secondary Effects: It achieves strength rapidly.

Interaction with Other Additives: Forty to 100%silica flour is used as a filler. Retard the slurry withHR®-4 or HR-12.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid gettingcement in the eyes. Avoid inhaling the dust. Flushexposed areas with water.

Properties:

Additive: Ciment Fondu

Part No.: none


Form: powder

Color: gray

How Packaged: 94-lb sk


Water Requirement: 4.5 gal/sk



Odor: none

Flash Point: none




Usage Restrictions: Behavior of these cements withand without retarder is erratic. Tests should first beconducted with the materials used on the specificjob.



2. increases early strength and final strength

Section 3

Special Cements

3-50 January 1996


Silicalite

Description and Primary Function: Silicalite is ahigh surface area silica used in a variety of applica-tions. It can be used as an extender for lightweightcement, a compressive strength enhancer, thixotro-pic additive, and in gas migration control. It wasoriginally developed to provide a lightweight ce-ment composition with optimum compressivestrength development.

Secondary Effects: It is a low-temperature accelera-tor and provides minor fluid-loss control. Itviscosifies compositions.

Interaction with Other Additives: Silicalite is com-patible with most additives.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid getting itin the eyes. Avoid inhaling the dust. Wash affectedarea with plenty of water. Wear particle masks andeye protection.

Properties:

Additive: Silicalite

Part No.: See following physical property page

Form: powder or liquid

Color: gray

How Packaged: 50-lb bag or bulk

Bulk Density: varies

Water Requirement: varies



Odor: none



Concentration: For lightweight cement, the normalconcentration range is 18.5 lb Silicalite, 18.5 lbPOZMIX® A, and 47 lb cement (1:1:2.54)

January 1996 3-51

Section 3


Silicalite Physical Properties

Part No.: 516.00445, 50-lb sk




Water Requirement: 0.40 gal/lb

Silicalite Blend50:50 POZMIX®: Silicalite

Part No.: 516.00443, bulk




Compacted SilicalitePart No.: 516.00444, 50-lb sk

Part No.: 516.00442, bulk




Compacted Silicalite does not have the same perfor-mance properties (i.e., viscosity, thixotropy) as theregular powdered or liquid material. The designsusing compacted material should be tested in thelaboratory before use to ensure the necessary prop-erties can be achieved.

Liquid SilicalitePart No.: 516.00514, bulk

Activity: 50%

Density: 11.6 lb/gal

Section 3

Special Cements

3-52 January 1996


2

2

2

2

Table 3-33: Compressive Strength Developmentof Blends Containing POZMIX :Silicalite:Cement

Silicalite Base: 1:1:2.54 POZMIX:Siliccalite:Cement (84-lb sk)

SlurryDensity

SlurryVolume Water Additive

Cement Type

Compressive Strength(psi)

lb/gal ft /sk gal/sk % by wt 24 hr 72 hr

60°F (Atmospheric)

12.0 1.97 11.19 4% CaCl Standard 60 130

12.5 1.74 9.42 4% CaCl0.5% CFR-2

Standard 115 300

80°F (Atmospheric)

11.0 2.71 16.72 None Standard 30 95

11.5 2.29 13.52 None Standard 80 195

12.0 1.97 11.19 1% CaCl Standard 180 --

12.3 1.83 10.08 1% CaCl Standard 285 --

12.6 1.70 9.18 1% CaCl Standard 360 --

12.0 1.97 11.19 1% CaCl Premium Plus 170 455

12.1 1.92 10.80 0.5% CaCl Premium Plus 240 700

12.4 1.78 9.74 0.5% CaCl Premium Plus 350 960

90°F (Atmospheric)

11.5 2.29 13.52 None Premium (4.3) -- 295

11.5 2.24 13.52 0.5% CaCl Premium (4.3) -- 320

11.5 2.29 13.52 1.0% CaCl Premium (4.3) -- 420

11.5 2.40 14.20 5.0% Salt Premium (4.3) -- 515

11.75 2.12 12.27 0.5% CaCl Premium (4.3) -- 300

11.75 2.12 12.27 1.0% CaCl Premium (4.3) -- 370

11.75 2.24 13.10 5.0% Salt Premium (4.3) -- 680

95°F (Atmospheric)

12.0 1.97 11.19 1% CaCl Standard -- 1,585

12.2 1.87 10.43 1% CaCl Standard -- 1,735

12.4 1.78 9.74 1% CaCl Standard -- 1,525

12.0 1.97 11.19 1% CaCl Premium Plus -- 1,520

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

®

January 1996 3-53

Section 3


Table 3-33: Compressive Strength Developmentof Blends Containing POZMIX :Silicalite:Cement (cont.)

Silicalite Base: 1:1:2.54 POZMIX:Silicalite:Cement (84-lb sk)

SlurryDensity

SlurryVolume Water Additive

Cement Type

Compressive Strength(psi)

lb/gal ft /sk gal/sk % by wt 24 hr 72 hr

100°F (Atmospheric)

11.0 2.71 16.72 None Premium Plus 60 330


13.7 1.35 6.52 0.75% CFR-2,2% CaCl

Standard 1,835 4,615


10.0 4.34 28.88 4% Gel Standard 160 200

11.0 2.71 16.72 2% Gel Standard 1,115 1,440

12.0 1.97 11.19 None Standard 1,290 1,455

12.5 1.74 9.42 0.5% CFR-2 Standard 1,825 2,335

11.5 2.40 14.20 5% Salt Premium 825 --



12.0 1.97 11.19 None Premium Plus 900 1,010

230°F (3,000 psi)

12.0 1.97 16.72 None Standard 2,380 1,960

12.5 1.74 9.42 0.5% CFR-2 Standard 2,750 2,825

13.7 1.35 6.52 0.75% CFR-2,2% CaCl

Standard 5,265 5,600

2

3

2

®

Section 3

Special Cements

3-54 January 1996


Table 3-34: Compressive Strengths with Silicalite

Composition

SlurryDensity Water

SlurryYield

CompressiveStrength

lb/gal gal/sk ft /sk 8 hr 24 hr

40°F (Atmospheric)

Standard Cement + 2% CaCl + 10% Silicalite 14.9 6.58 1.42 -- 450

Premium Plus Cement + 2% CaCl + 10% Silicalite 15.0 6.42 1.40 25 550

Standard Cement + 2%CaCl 15.6 5.20 1.18 -- 615

60°F (Atmospheric)

Standard Cement + 2% CaCl + 10% Silicalite 14.9 6.58 1.42 610 1,975

Premium Plus Cement + 2% CaCl + 10% Silicalite 15.0 6.42 1.40 775 2,065

Standard Cement + 0.5% CFR-2 + 10% Silicalite 15.8 5.30 1.25 -- 2,140

Standard Cement + 3% CaCl 15.6 5.20 1.18 950 2,735

2

3

2

2

2

2

2

January 1996 3-55

Section 3


Table 3-35: Silicalite Fluid-Loss Data

Composition

SlurryDensity Water

SlurryVolume

AtmosphericConsistometer

(Bc)

Fluid Loss1,000 psi325 ms

lb/gal gal/sk ft /sk init 20 min cc/30 min

125°F

Standard Cement 15.6 5.2 1.18 18 18 1,500

Standard Cement + 0.7% CFR-3 +6% Silicalite 15.7 5.3 1.22 3 8 480

Standard Cement +1.0% CFR-3 +9% Silicalite 15.8 5.27 1.24 4 8 257

150°F

Standard Cement + 10% Silicalite 14.9 6.58 1.42 13 22 355

Standard Cement +1.4% CFR-3 +10% Silicalite 15.8 5.30 1.25 3 5 165

Table 3-36: Silicalite (11.6 lb/gal) Addition L evels

50% Active

1 2 3 4

Silicalite Liquid Silicalite Liquid Silicalite Liquid Water Content

% bwoc (94 lb) lb/sk gal/sk gal of Column 3

5.0 4.7 0.41 0.28

10.0 9.4 0.81 0.56

15.0 14.1 1.22 0.85

20.0 18.8 1.62 1.13

25.0 23.5 2.03 1.41

30.0 28.2 2.43 1.69

35.0 32.9 2.84 1.97

40.0 37.6 3.20 2.26

45.0 42.3 3.65 2.54

3

Section 3

Special Cements

3-56 January 1996


a a

Table 3-37: Lightweight Composition Containing Silicalite and POZMIX

Base Composition: 18.5 lb POZMIX:47 lb Cement

Silicalite Liquid Water Slurry Weight Slurry Volume

gal/sk gal/sk lb/gal ft /sk

3.19 18.75 10.5 3.29

3.19 14.14 11.0 2.68

3.19 10.98 11.5 2.25

3.19 8.68 12.0 1.95

3.19 6.94 12.5 1.70

3.19 5.56 13.0 1.53

3

®

a

a

aWater and Liquid Silicalite based on 65.5 lb.

NOTE: All other additives will be based on 84 lb except KCl and salt, which will be based on total weight ofwater.

3 aa

2

Table 3-38: Cementing Compositions Containing Silicalite Liquid

Premium CementPOZMIX ASilicalite Liquid

47.0 lb18.5 lb3.19 gal/sk

SlurryWeight Water Volume Salt CaCl

Compressive Strength72 hr (psi)

lb/gal gal/sk ft /sk % % 95°F - Atm. 115°F - 3,000 psi

11.5 11.75 2.38 5.0 -- 716 698

11.5 10.98 2.26 -- 1.0 796 1,600

12.5 7.48 1.81 5.0 -- 1,515 1,225

12.5 6.94 1.71 -- 1.0 1,640 2,570

aBased on 84 lb.

January 1996 3-57

Section 3


Table 3-39: Compressive Strength Development with Silicalite Liquid

SlurryWeight Water Slurry Volume

LiquidSilicalite Salt CaCl

Compressive Strength72 hr (psi)

lb/gal gal/sk ft /sk gal/sk % % 95°F - Atm. 115°F - 3,000 psi

11.5 17.51 3.38 3.65 5.0 -- 765 709

11.5 16.75 3.25 3.65 -- 2.0 969 1,366

12.5 11.52 2.58 3.65 5.0 -- 1,345 1,123

12.5 10.92 2.47 3.65 -- 2.0 1,763 2,154

3

2

Section 3

Special Cements

3-58 January 1996


THIX-SET A

Description and Primary Function: THIX-SET is athixotropic cement consisting of cement, THIX-SETComponent A, THIX-SET Component B, and mixingwater. It is used primarily for cementing in shallowapplications, for remedial work, and for cementingin areas of lost returns.

Secondary Effects: THIX-SET is designed to gelafter 5 minutes of static time and still be moved ifrequired.

Interaction with Other Additives: HR®-12 anddispersants should not be used with THIX-SETbecause they destroy its thixotropic properties. Attemperatures higher than 160°F, HR-4 should beused.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid getting itin the eyes and inhaling the dust. Wash affectedareas with plenty of water.

Properties:

Additive: Component A; Component B

Part No.: 70.15347; 70.15299

Specific Gravity: 1.97; 1.37

Form: granules; powder

Color: pale yellow; white

How Packaged: 50 lb; 50 lb

Bulk Density: 68.5; 36.5 lb/cu ft

Absolute Volume: 0.0609; 0.0876 gal/lb

Odor: acidic



Concentration: 94 lb cement, 0.5 to 1% ComponentA, 0.2 to 5% Component B mixed from 12 to 15.6 lb/gal.


Usage Restrictions: For best results, the slurryweight should range from 14 to 15.6 lb/gal.



2. increases viscosity, thickening time, and earlystrength

January 1996 3-59

Section 3


All tables are based on premium cement, 1.0% THIX-SET Component A, and 0.25% THIX-SET Compo-nent B.

Table 3-40: Slurry Properties of THIX-SET

Water Required Slurry Weight Slurry Volume

gal/sk L/sk lb/gal kg/L ft /sk ft /sk

5.2 19.7 15.6 1.87 1.18 0.033

7.7 29.1 14.0 1.68 1.51 0.043

10.1 38.2 13.0 1.56 1.83 0.052

13.8 52.2 12.0 1.44 2.33 0.066

3 3

Section 3

Special Cements

3-60 January 1996


NO

TE

: Dat

a in

( ) a

re w

ith

2% C

aCl 2

a Set

-- N

o m

easu

rabl

e st

reng

thb C

uri

ng P

ress

ure

: 1,6

00 p

si (1

1.03

mP

a)c C

uri

ng P

ress

ure

: 3,0

00 p

si (2

0.68

mP

a)

3

Tab

le 3

-41:

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h of

TH

IX-S

ET

Tem

pera

ture

Wat

erR

equi

red

Slu

rry

Wei

ght

Slu

rry

Vol

ume

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h A

fter

Cur

ing

for:

8 hr

24 h

r72

hr

°F°C

gal/s

kL/

sklb

/gal

kg/L

ft /s

km

/sk

psi

mP

aps

im

Pa

psi

mP

a

60

15.6

5.2

19.7

15.6

1.87

1.18

0.03

3 6

50.

45

925

6.3

8

70

21 5

.219

.715

.61.

871.

180.

033

300

2.07

1,58

010

.89

80

27 5

.219

.715

.61.

871.

180.

033

430

2.97

2,00

013

.79

90

32 5

.219

.715

.61.

871.

180.

033

350.

2478

55.

412,

275

15.6

9

100

38 5

.219

.715

.61.

871.

180.

033

89 (

1,07

5)0.

59 (

7.41

)1,

520

(2,1

25)

10.4

8 (1

4.65

)--

--

100

38 7

.729

.114

.01.

681.

510.

043

(155

)(1

.07)

580

(725

)4.

00 (

5.00

)--

--

100

3810

.138

.213

.01.

561.

830.

052

(145

)(1

.00)

410

(360

)2.

83 (

2.48

)--

--

100

3813

.852

.212

.01.

442.

330.

066

( 60

)(0

.41)

305

(330

)2.

10 (

2.28

)--

--

100

43 5

.219

.715

.61.

871.

180.

033

295

2.03

2,44

016

.82

----

140

60 5

.219

.715

.61.

871.

180.

033

1,48

510

.24

2,54

517

.55

----

200

93 5

.219

.715

.61.

871.

180.

033

2,23

515

.41

3,65

025

.17

----

200

93 7

.729

.114

.01.

681.

510.

043

375

(680

)2.

59 (

4.69

) 7

70 (

1,03

0)5.

31 (

7.10

)--

--

200

9310

.138

.213

.01.

561.

830.

052

280

(485

)1.

93 (

3.34

)55

5 (5

70)

3.83

(3.

93)

----

200

9313

.852

.212

.01.

442.

330.

066

20

(340

)

0.14

(0.

23)

590

(560

)4.

07 (

3.86

)--

--

3

b c c c c c

a

3

a a

aa

aaa

a

a a a

January 1996 3-61

Section 3


2

Table 3-42: Results of Pressure Temperature Thickening-Time Tests

Additive

Amountof

AdditiveAPI

Schedule

Schedule

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