Section 4.Nation Building in Latin

America

Section 4.Nation Building in Latin

America

Nationalist Revolts

Nationalist Revolts

Haiti--Toussaint L’Ouverture leads first successful slave rebellion (against France)

Haiti--Toussaint L’Ouverture leads first successful slave rebellion (against France)

The Citadel in HaitiFortress of L’Ouverture

The Citadel in HaitiFortress of L’Ouverture

South AmericaSouth America•Leaders: Creoles angry about 2nd class status

•Leaders: Creoles angry about 2nd class status

Simon BolivarSimon

Bolivar

•1821 ousted Spanish from Venezuela and Colombia

•1821 ousted Spanish from Venezuela and Colombia

•Jose de San Martin: 1822 ousted Spanish from Argentina, Chile and Peru

•Jose de San Martin: 1822 ousted Spanish from Argentina, Chile and Peru

• (Bolivar and Martin combined to remove last Spanish army in 1824. Bolivar created a temporary empire in South America. Martin left South America and died forgotten in France)

• (Bolivar and Martin combined to remove last Spanish army in 1824. Bolivar created a temporary empire in South America. Martin left South America and died forgotten in France)

BrazilBrazil• Dom Pedro Braganca:

1822 son of Portuguese Emperor declared independence and became king of Brazil

• Dom Pedro Braganca: 1822 son of Portuguese Emperor declared independence and became king of Brazil

•Only King in the Western Hemisphere

•Only King in the Western Hemisphere

• Later abdicated to become King of Portugal

• His son, Dom Pedro II became King of Brazil, but was later overthrown by the military

• Later abdicated to become King of Portugal

• His son, Dom Pedro II became King of Brazil, but was later overthrown by the military

MexicoMexico

Father Hidalgo:Father

Hidalgo:

•1810 led Indian peasants in revolt against Spain. Revolt put down by Creoles

•1810 led Indian peasants in revolt against Spain. Revolt put down by Creoles

•Agustin de Iturbide: 1821 Creole leader led Mexico to independence

•Agustin de Iturbide: 1821 Creole leader led Mexico to independence

After IndependenceAfter Independence•Mostly ruled by military dictators (Caudillos) •Political instability•Peasants remain poor

•Mostly ruled by military dictators (Caudillos) •Political instability•Peasants remain poor

New ImperialismNew Imperialism

•Political independence, but•Europe and US dominate economies

•Political independence, but•Europe and US dominate economies

•European countries use force to collect loan payments

•European countries use force to collect loan payments

Political ChangePolitical Change

The US in Latin America

The US in Latin America

The Monroe Doctrine 1823 No colonization in Latin America

The Monroe Doctrine 1823 No colonization in Latin America

Spanish-American War

Spanish-American War

•1895 Cubans revolt against Spain

•1895 Cubans revolt against Spain

1898 US Battleship Maine explodes in Havana=War1898 US Battleship Maine explodes in Havana=War

USS Maine 1911USS Maine 1911

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?pan:1

USS Maine being towed out to sea 1911

USS Maine being towed out to sea 1911

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?pan:10:./temp/~ammem_pgqy::

Teddy Roosevelt in his Roughrider Uniform

Teddy Roosevelt in his Roughrider Uniform

http://www.bartleby.com/55/i4.html

•US frees Cuba, keeps Puerto Rico•US frees Cuba, keeps Puerto Rico

The Panama Canal

The Panama Canal

•US engineers Panamanian revolt against Colombia

•US engineers Panamanian revolt against Colombia

Panama grants US Panama Canal ZonePanama grants US

Panama Canal Zone

•10 mile wide canal zone•10 mile wide canal zone

Gatun LocksGatun Locks

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?pan:2:./temp/~ammem_bJDM::displayType

•Pres. Teddy Roosevelt pushes completion of canal by 1914

•Pres. Teddy Roosevelt pushes completion of canal by 1914

Roosevelt corollary (to the

Monroe Doctrine)

Roosevelt corollary (to the

Monroe Doctrine)•Only the US has the right to act as an international Police power in Latin America

•Only the US has the right to act as an international Police power in Latin America

•Marines used to control Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Cuba, and other countries

•Marines used to control Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Cuba, and other countries

U.S. Military Action In Latin America

U.S. Military Action In Latin America

The Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution

Santa Anna and the Mexican WarSanta Anna and the Mexican War

http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/santaanna.htm

•President 4 times between 1835-55•Driven from Texas•War with US after Annexation of Texas•Exiled to US

•President 4 times between 1835-55•Driven from Texas•War with US after Annexation of Texas•Exiled to US

Benito Juarez and la Reforma

Benito Juarez and la Reforma

•Indian leader who fought for land and other reforms•Elected President in 1861 and 1867

•Indian leader who fought for land and other reforms•Elected President in 1861 and 1867

French Control

Emperor Maximilian

French Control

Emperor Maximilian http://www.austrian-mint.com/e/maxhist.html

•1862 Emperor Maximillian Hapsburg put on throne by Napoleon III•1867 overthrown and executed

•1862 Emperor Maximillian Hapsburg put on throne by Napoleon III•1867 overthrown and executed

•Cinco de Mayo celebrates a battle against the French (Puebla)

•Cinco de Mayo celebrates a battle against the French (Puebla)

Porfirio Diaz

Porfirio Diaz

•Dictator•Mexican upper classes prosper•Americans and English buy up assets

•Dictator•Mexican upper classes prosper•Americans and English buy up assets

1911 Revolution1911 Revolution

•Struggle for power•Revolutionary leaders:

•Struggle for power•Revolutionary leaders:

PanchoPanchoVillaVilla

Emiliano Emiliano ZapataZapata

Diaz oustedDiaz ousted

US sends troops to Veracruz to help government

US sends troops to Veracruz to help government

Villa attacks Columbus, NM: US troops invade Mexico to catch Villa (they fail)

Villa attacks Columbus, NM: US troops invade Mexico to catch Villa (they fail)

•War ends in 1919 •1928 PRI takes over Mexico--in power until 2000

•War ends in 1919 •1928 PRI takes over Mexico--in power until 2000

Economic Change in L.A.

Economic Change in L.A.

•Increased prosperity•Rise of the Middle Class•Middle Class sees US as model

•Increased prosperity•Rise of the Middle Class•Middle Class sees US as model

Great Imperial Powers in 1900Great Imperial Powers in 1900

Land EmpiresLand Empires

•Russia•Austria •Ottoman•China

•Russia•Austria •Ottoman•China

Overseas Empires

Overseas Empires

•Britain Italy• France Portugal•Germany USA •Netherlands Spain•Denmark Japan

•Britain Italy• France Portugal•Germany USA •Netherlands Spain•Denmark Japan

The British Navy acts as world’s

policeman

European countries begin to clash over Colonial territory

The British Navy acts as world’s

policeman

European countries begin to clash over Colonial territory

The EndThe End

Sources

• 4. Atlas of World History. Noel Grove. National Geographic 1997

• 9. Everyday Life Throughout the Ages. Michael Worth Davison.Readers Digest. 1992

• 19. Transparency West Pub.. 1998

• 20. Transparency McDougall Littell. 1999

• 21. Transparency A. J. Nystrom Inc..

• 22. Transparency D. C. Heath

• 25. World History, Patterns of Interactions. Beck, Black et. al..

McDougall Littell. 1999

• 76. Revolution. Mark Almond. De Agonistini Editions.Ltd. London. 1996.

• 79. World History Connections to Today. Elisabeth Ellis and Anthony Esler. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 1999.

• 80. World History The Human Odyssey. Jackson Spielvogel. West Educational Publishing. Agorra Hills, CA. 1999.

Charge of the Light BrigadeCharge of the Light Brigade

I. Ottoman Empire fades

•1830 Greek Independence

A. Crimean War reveals weakness to

Europe

C. Persia attempts to modernize

•1. Grants concessions to Britain and Russia for money

•2. Britain and Russia develop “Spheres of Influence” over parts of Persia