1

SEFIRA:SocioEconomicImplicationsForIndividualResponsestoAirPollutionpoliciesinEU+27

INTEGRATEDMULTIDISCIPLINARYREPORT#4

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Workpackage5: IntegrationandPolicyguidelines

Deliverablenr.: D5.9

Leadpartner: Partner8(KINGS)

Authors: VittorioSergi(UniversityofUrbino)

Nature: Report

Disseminationlevel: Public

Status: Final

Date: June2016

ThisprojectisfundedbytheEuropeanUnionunderthe7thFrameworkProgramme;

Theme:ENV2013.6.5-2[ENV.2013.6.5-2MobilisingenvironmentalknowledgeforpolicyandsocietyGrantagreement:603941

2

To be cited as: Sergi V. (2016), IntegratedMultidisciplinary Report #4 – FP7 CoordinationProjectSefira

This reporthasbeenput togetherby theauthors,and revisedon thebasisof thevaluablecomments,suggestions,andcontributionsofallSEFIRApartners.

The views expressed in this report are the sole responsibility of the authors and do notnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofEuropeanCommission.

3

SEFIRAINTEGRATEDMULTIDISCIPLINARYREPORTNo.3

TableofContents

SEFIRAINTEGRATEDMULTIDISCIPLINARYREPORTNo.3........................................................................3

1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................4

2. ListofmeetingswithinSEFIRAanddisseminationeventsduring2016:.....................................4

3. SEFIRAvisualization:CAWIresults,individualattitudesandairqualitypoliciesandrelevantenvironmentalconflictsoverairqualityinEurope.............................................................................5

4

1. Introduction

TheSEFIRAprojectrequirestheproductionofIntegratedMultidisciplinaryReports(IMRs)inWorkPackage(WP)5inmonths6,12,24and36oftheproject.Thisdocumentisthefourthand last of these. SEFIRA is a multidisciplinary project and the intention of WP5 is tointegrate these disciplines and their work to provide a co-ordinated response to theCommission and stakeholders, ultimately producing a final paper including consideredconclusionsandrecommendations.ThisfourthIMRsummarisestheworkcarriedoutduringthe last sixmonths of the project. Since the intentionof the IMRs – and the project as awhole – is to provide an integration across diverse disciplines, this document is notorganizedalongWPlines,butreportsactivity intermsofsubjectoroutcomeareas. Inthislast phase of the project the University of Urbino has activated a cooperation with theInstituteforIndustrialDesignISIAthatislocatedinthesameUrbinoinordertoprepareasetof infographics for the public dissemination of the first results of the pilot research ofWorkingPackage3 and4.With this purpose two SEFIRA researchersworked twomonthswithaclassofdesignstudentsandtheirteacherinordertocreateanoriginalvisualizationoftheDiscreteChoiceModeldata.ThemethodologyoftheresearchleadingtothisresultshasbeenpublishedondeliverablesD4.1andD4.2publishedonSEFIRAWebsite.

2. ListofmeetingswithinSEFIRAanddisseminationeventsduring2016:

GeneralAssembly201615-16FebruaryinVienna

Participants:UNIURB,IIASA,KULEUVEN,CNR,PRAGMA,SGH,KINGS,LUND

SEFIRAProjectmeetEuropeanParliament,Bruxelles19April2016

SefiraFinalConference,Bruxelles–CommitteeofRegions-20April2016

5

3. SEFIRA visualization: CAWI results, individual attitudes and air qualitypoliciesandrelevantenvironmentalconflictsoverairqualityinEurope

Socio Economic Implications For Individual Responses to Air Pollution policies in EU +27

Environmental conflicts over air quality

How to find a solution

SEFIRA IS A EU FP7 COORDINATION ACTION ON

SEFIRA is a transdisciplinary project in support of the review and implementation of Air Quality Legislation in Europe (2013-2016).

Coal burning

Malmö

Biomass and wood burning

Warsaw

Agri-foodsector

Antwerp

Urban traffic

Milan

Qualitative methods Integration between atmospheric and social sciences can improve policy design.The costs of air pollution reductions often lead to conflicts over implementation.The policy review outlined preferences in policy-making highlighting strategies of intervention. All aspects of air quality regulation have been examined through an interview campaign involving experts, stakeholders and policy-makers in four EU countries. Focus group explored several aspects of air quality: awareness, experience and vision about interventions for air quality. Emissions from urban traffic appear as the primary concern but various conflicts over different sources have been described.

12 Focus Groups and 38 interviewswith citizens, experts and policy makers

4 Areas Malmö / Warsaw / Antwerp / Milan

www.sefira-project.eu

Socio Economic Implications For Individual Responses to Air Pollution policies in EU +27

SEFIRA IS A EU FP7 COORDINATION ACTION ON

www.sefira-project.eu

Quantitative methods Policy Drivers impact on acceptabilityof air quality policies

7 countries

16 100interviews

DCMsto test their preferences

Discrete Choice Models (DCMs) potentially offer an advantage in decision-making involving the simultaneous interaction among variables such as changes in individuals’ lifestyles. To investigate people’s preferences 16,100 interviews have been made in seven EU countries. An analysis of socio-economic differences in air quality policies acceptability across countries suggests that the willingness of citizens to change their lifestyle might be larger than previously thought and that analysing differences in policy acceptability by country and socio economic structure can be valuable.

+25%

0

-25%

Negative impact

Positive impact

women

men

high i

ncom

e

low in

com

e

m h lw m h lw m h lw m h lw m h lw m h lw m h lw

Distributionof measurecost (polluters pay principle)

0

0

0

0

0

Reductionof prematuredeaths

Cost of the measure

Requiredchanges in mobilitybehaviour

Requiredchanges in eating habits

Neutral

The specific case of Poland is strongly characterised by the energetic infrastructure of the country that is still heavy dependent on coal. Poland is ranked first in the EU in terms of the share of coal for electricity production. Conflicts over air pollution have emerged in Krakow and subsequently spread all over the country in the form of street protests, web campaigns and legal claims, soliciting an urgent ban of coal burning and effective air pollution policies.

Recent research has shown that biomass burning produces, besides other pollutants, dangerous amounts of the carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene in PM. A large share of agricultural and forestry waste are presently burnt in biomass power plants and this practice has generated new risks and conflicts within the population.

The contribution of the agri-food sector to air quality is known to be the primary source of ammonia and methane in the EU. The role of ammonia in PM formation is not usualy known by the population at large that under-estimates this important pollution source. The transition towards an optimisation of the use of ammonia-based fertilizers and the implementation of low-ammonia manure application methods can strongly cut down emissions, thus limiting PM production.

Air quality policies in urban areas rely mostly on technical measures, especially end-of-pipe, and a strong focus on traffic emissions. A change toward a sustainable system of production, distribution and mobility in contemporary daily life seems an ambitious objective but it’s also the only possible option to really curb noxious pollution within cities.

Air quality in Europe today is still a cause of environmental conflicts over responsibilities in emissions, pollution control, and appropriate actions for health and environment protection. This situation may hamper the effectiveness of policy actions but, if well managed, may also foster problem solving and policy innovation.

AGRI-FOODSECTORammonia

URBAN TRAFFIC fine PM

BIOMASS AND WOOD BURNINGbenzo(a)pyrene

COAL BURNINGblack carbon

PROTESTS

X

www.sefira-project.eu

SEFIRA IS A EU FP7 COORDINATION ACTION ON

Socio Economic Implications For Individual Responses to Air Pollution policies in EU +27