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Getting Ready for GCSEsWelcome to SGS Boarding!! We can’t wait to see you in September and we want to make the transition to Steyning Grammar School as easy for you aspossible.

This booklet contains tasks and activities for you to complete to get you ready for GCSEs. Take your time with the tasks and try your best. Your classteacher has set this so that you are as prepared as you can be for your core subject GCSEs.

Contents:

1. English2. Maths3. Science - Biology4. Science - Chemistry5. Science - Physics6. Drama - Option Subject7. History - Option Subject

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EnglishWelcome to English. Below is a list of key words that would be useful for you to know. Create flashcards to help you learn them, test yourself and getsomeone else to test you. We have also included a list of texts and poetry that we study during the course.

The exam board that we use for English is AQA.

Students will study the following texts - it would be good for students to be familiar with common themes.● Woman in Black by Susan Hill● Hamlet or Much Ado about Nothing by William Shakespeare.

A selection of nature poetry, for example:● Daffodils by William Wordsworth● I started early, took my dog by Emily Dickinson● The Trees by Phillip Larkin

Students should research key terminology and different writing structures:

Paragraphing:● Single sentence paragraph● Discourse markers● Cohesive devices

Sentence Structures:● Simple sentence● Complex sentence● Compound sentence● Imperative● Declarative● Interrogative● Exclamatory

Patterns:● Repetition● Anaphora● Polysyndeton● Antistrophe● Lists● Triplication● Juxtaposition

● Contrast

Narrative perspective:● First person narrator● Third person narrator● Omniscient narrator

Shifts:● Spatial shift● Temporal shift● Perspective shift● Shift in tone

Tense:● Past● Present● Future

Useful websites:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/z3kw2hv

KEY WORD DEFINITION EXAMPLE

Context The background to a text - what was happening which mayhave influenced the writer

Victorian society and readers’ love of gothicfiction influenced Stevenson when writing‘Jekyll and Hyde’.

Alliteration Repeated consonant sound at the beginning of two or moresuccessive words in a sentence Greedy goats gobbled up gooseberries.

Character A person in a text Banquo is a character in ‘Macbeth’.

Asyndeton A structural technique where a list contains lots of commas butno conjunctions

“My words flattened, rolled, turned into felt,slowly melting” - ‘Poppies’.

Atmosphere The feeling or mood created in a piece of writing The fog in ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ adds uncertaintyand mystery to the novel.

Dehumanisation Reducing a human to an object or animal - removing what makesthem a human

The repeated reference to Hyde as “ape-like”or as “it” in ‘Jekyll and Hyde’.

Adjective A word that describes a noun This pasta is fantastic.

Adverb A word that describes a verb She crept incredibly quietly towards the door.

Connotation The thoughts, feelings, ideas that a reader associates with a wordThe colour red can have multipleinterpretations: it can connote love, lust, desirebut also blood, danger, even death.

Emotive adjective Words used to amplify a particular word or situation and evokefeelings in the reader

These children are starving,desperately vulnerable and in need.

Declarative A statement sentence (majority of sentences) The sun is out today.

Cyclical A structural technique where a text begins and ends in the same place The “ringing” both at the beginning and nearthe end of the play ‘An Inspector Calls’.

Foreshadowing A structural technique used by writers to suggest future events ina narrative

Someone finds a key at the start of a story,which then allows the character to unlock ahidden door.

Flashback A structural technique used by writers to develop character, or toadd background to an event

During a film or novel, the story will cut backto childhood or previous events. ‘HenryJekyll’s Full Statement of the Case’

Juxtaposition A structural technique where two contrasting ideas are placed nextto each other to create meaning and effect

The juxtaposition of Mr Birling andInspector Goole shows Priestley’ssocialist beliefs.

Genre A french word that means ‘type’ and is used to group texts by big ideas The gothic genre contains elements ofmurder, mystery and darkness

Exclamative A type of sentence that shows shock or surprise. Ends in an ! This keyboard is slow!

Imperative A type of sentence that gives an order or instruction, beginning withan imperative verb ‘Bring me my armour, goose face!’

Interrogative A type of sentence that asks a question, ending with a question mark The interrogative ‘Whither willst thou?’ is usedto show that the speaker is unsure.

Metaphor A direct comparison stating that one thing is something else The teacher exploded with rage.

Narrative The plot of a textThe narrative ends with a satisfying resolutionto remind the audience that lessons can belearned.

Noun A person, place, thing, idea or emotion King, heath, dagger, regicide, ambition (allnouns linked to ‘Macbeth’).

Pathetic Fallacy A metaphor used where the weather reflects the mood orforeshadows future events

In ‘Macbeth’, stormy weather at the startimplies both the sinister nature of the witchesas well as suggesting that darkness willcontinue throughout the play.

Personification When an object is given human qualities or characteristics “The merciless iced east winds that knifeus” - ‘Exposure’.

Prefix Added to the start of words to alter the meaning Pre-, Un-, Re-, A-, Ex-, Ab-, etc.

Prediction An educated guess based on the information available about whatwill happen next or later in a text

In ‘An Inspector Calls’, Mr Birling predicts thatthere will not be a second world war howeverthe audience knows, because of dramaticirony, that his prediction was wrong.

Motif A dominant, recurring theme or idea in a text The repeated occurrence of fog in ‘Jekylland Hyde’ or blood in ‘Macbeth’.

Triplication Three words, phrases or clauses that come close to each other andare used to develop an idea

‘Jekyll, my life, my honour, my reason,depend upon you,’

Suffix A morpheme added to the end of words to form a word class or changeits meaning -ation, -fy, -ing, -ist, etc

Root words The base of a word that has suffixes and prefixes added to createnew words Auto+bio+graphy - the root is bio meaning life

TragedyA play dealing with tragic events and having an unhappyending, especially one concerning the downfall of the maincharacter.

Semantic Field A group of words that are linked by ideas. It is how a thesaurusis organised. ocean, waves, sea, tide, blue, storm, wind, sails

Symbolism the use of objects to represent ideas or qualities. ‘Fog’ is a symbol that represents mysteryand things which are hidden

Verb A ‘doing’, ‘being’ or ‘having’ word Feeling exhausted, I dragged myselfupstairs and climbed into bed.

Similethe comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind,

used to make a description more emphatic or vivid- often uses like oras

He had a face like thunderThe cat purred as softly as an engine

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MathsWelcome to Maths. Below is a list of key words that would be useful for you to know. Create flashcards to help you learn them, test yourself and getsomeone else to test you. There are also two tests that we give to our Year 8 students. Have a go at completing them and if you are stuck on anythingthen go over your class notes to check your understanding.

The exam board we use is AQA.

Year 8 Non Calculator Paper: Year 8 Test Paper 1 - Non Calculator.pdfYear 8 Calculator Paper: Year 8 Test Paper 2 - Calculator.pdf

Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example

= equals sign equality 5 = 2+35 is equal to 2+3

≠ not equal sign inequality 5 ≠ 45 is not equal to 4

≈ approximatelyequal

approximation sin(0.01) ≈ 0.01,x ≈ y means x is approximately equal to y

> strict inequality greater than 5 > 45 is greater than 4

< strict inequality less than 4 < 54 is less than 5

≥ inequality greater than or equalto

5 ≥ 4,x ≥ y means x is greater than or equal to y

≤ inequality less than or equal to 4 ≤ 5,x ≤ y means x is less than or equal to y

( ) brackets calculateexpression insidefirst

2 × (3+5) = 16

+ plus sign addition 1 + 1 = 2

− minus sign subtraction 2 − 1 = 1

× times sign multiplication 2 × 3 = 6

÷ division sign /obelus

division 6 ÷ 2 = 3

/ division slash division 6 / 2 = 3

— horizontal line division / fraction

. period decimal point,decimal separator

2.56 = 2+56/100

ab power exponent 23 = 8

https://studymaths.co.uk/glossary.php

Useful websites for revision of topics:

www.mymaths.co.uk

www.justmaths.co.uk

www.hegartymaths.co.uk

https://www.bbc.com/education/examspecs/z8sg6fr

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Science - BiologyWelcome to Biology. Below is a list of key words that we cover as part of the Infection and Response topics. Practice them and then test yourselfusing the Quizlet link below.

Quizlet link: https://quizlet.com/gb/421954000/y10-b3-infection-and-response-flash-cards/

KEY WORD DEFINITION EXAMPLE

Antibodies A specialised defence protein produced by white blood cells. Antibodies are produced by white blood cellsto prevent infections.

Antibiotics A drug made from microorganisms that can be used to treatbacterial infections. The doctor prescribed a course of antibiotics.

Antitoxin An antitoxin is an antibody with the ability to neutralise a specifictoxin.

White blood cells help defendagainst pathogens by antitoxinproduction.

Bacterial disease Communicable disease caused by the toxins released by bacteriain the organism e.g. salmonella or gonorrhea

The doctor classified Tonsilitis as abacterial disease.

Communicable disease An illness which can spread to others Coughs and colds are communicable diseases.

Fever A temperature above normal in an organism which can be a sign ofillness

As well as feeling generally unwell, Natashaalso had a fever.

Fungal disease Communicable disease caused by a fungus e.g. Black Rose SpotRose black spot is a fungal diseasewhere purple or black spots develop onleaves.

Microorganism Organisms that can only be seen with a microscope Micro-organisms such as viruses andbacteria cause infectious diseases.

Pathogen Microorganisms that cause disease e.g. bacteria, protists, fungi andviruses

Pathogens can infect both humansand animals.

Phagocytosis A process in which a cell ingest or engulf other cells or particles. White blood cells help to defendagainst pathogens by phagocytosis.

Protist disease An illness caused by a tiny living protist organism e.g. malaria Most protist disease in humans is causedby protozoa.

Symptom A physical feature which indicates a disease A symptom of measles is red skin.

Toxin A poison released by bacteria which make us unwell A toxin can damage tissues and make usfeel ill.

Vaccination A vaccination is a treatment which makes the body stronger againsta particular disease.

There is a vaccination available toprotect against malaria.

Vector Something which carries and transmits an infectious pathogen e.g.mosquito in malaria

The spread of Malaria is controlled bypreventing the vectors, mosquitoes by usingnets to avoid being bitten.

Viral disease An illness caused by the cell damage from viruses inside theorganism e.g. HIV, TMV or measles

Measles is a viral disease showing symptomsof fever and red skin.

Lymphocytes Lymphocytes are white blood cells that are also one of the body'smain types of immune cells.

Lymphocytes are made in the bonemarrow and found in the blood.

Monoclonal antibodies Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a single clone of cells.Monoclonal antibodies can be usedfor diagnosis such as in pregnancytests.

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Science - ChemistryWelcome to Chemistry. Below is a list of key words that we cover as part of the Atomic Structure topics. Practice them and then test yourself usingthe Quizlet link below.

Quizlet link: https://quizlet.com/gb/421958054/sgs-year-10-c1-atomic-structure-flash-cards/

KEY WORD DEFINITION EXAMPLE

Atom An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist.All substances are made of atoms. Iron is made of iron atoms.

Sub-atomic particle A particle that makes up an atom. Protons, electrons and neutrons are sub-atomicparticles

Charge A property that can either be positive, negative or neutral.Positive and negative charges attract. Electrons have a negative charge.

Orbit To travel around a central point in a circle. Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom

Nucleus The central part of an atom. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus ofthe atom

Energy levels Shells surrounding the nucleus that electrons are in. Only two electrons fit in the first energy level.

Protons A positive sub-atomic particle. Found in the nucleus. Lithium has 3 protons

Neutrons A neutral sub-atomic particle. Found in the nucleus. Lithium has 4 neutrons

Electrons A negative sub-atomic particle. Found in energylevels surrounding the nucleus. Lithium has 3 electrons

Element Made up of only one type of atom. Found on theperiodic table.

Oxygen is an element. All the atoms in oxygen are thesame.

Compound Two or more elements chemically combined together.Water is a compound. It contains hydrogen andoxygen atoms

Mixture Two or more elements or compounds notchemically combined together.

Air is a mixture it contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbondioxide, argon and water vapour

FormulaSymbols that represent a chemical compound. Theformula gives the number of type of each of the elementsthat make up the compound e.g. CaCl2

The formula for calcium chloride is CaCl2

Atomic Number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.Found below the element on the periodic table. Lithium has atomic number 3.

Mass numberThe number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus ofan atom. Found above the element on the periodictable.

Lithium has atomic number 7.

Periodic Table An arrangement of the elements in order of their atomicnumber. All elements are found on the periodic table.

Group A vertical (up and down) column on the periodic table. Lithium is in group 1.

Period A horizontal (across) row on the periodic table Lithium is in period 2.

Electron Configuration The arrangement of the electrons in an atom. In an electron configuration the electrons are drawnas crosses or dots.

Isotope An atom of an element with a different number of neutronsbut the same number of protons.

Chlorine has two isotopes one has mass number 35and one has mass number 37.

Relative Atomic Mass The average mass of an atom of an elements that takesinto account the abundance of isotopes of the element Chlorine has the relative atomic mass 35.5

Vaporise To heat and turn from liquid to gas You can vaporise water by heating it.

Condense To cool and turn from gas to liquid Water condenses on a mirror if the mirror is colder thanthe room.

Boiling Points A temperature at which a liquid boils and turns into a gas The boiling point of water is 100oC

Fraction Part of a mixture A fraction of crude oil is petrol

Fractional Distillation Separating a mixture based on different boiling pointCrude oil can be separated into gas, petrol,naphtha, kerosene, diesel and fuel oil by fractionaldistillation.

Insoluble Does not dissolve sandl is insoluble in water

Soluble Dissolves in water Salt is soluble in water

Filtration Separating a mixture of an insoluble solid and a liquidby passing through filter paper Sand and water can be separated by filtration

Solvent A liquid like water that dissolves a solid Water is a good solvent for salts

Solute A solid like salt that can be dissolved Copper sulphate is the solute in copper sulfate solution

Solution A solute dissolved in a solvent Water dissolves copper sulfate to make coppersulfate solution

Crystallisation Separating a solution mixture by allowing the solvent toevaporate leaving the solid solute behind.

If you heat copper sulfate it reaches crystallisationpoint when the water evaporates and crystals start toform.

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Science - PhysicsWelcome to Physics. Below is a list of key words that we cover as part of the Atomic Structure topics. Practice them and then test yourself using theQuizlet link below.

Quizlet link: https://quizlet.com/gb/457612873/physics-atomic-structure-paper-1-flash-cards/?x=1qqt

KEY WORD DEFINITION EXAMPLE

Activity The rate at which a source of unstable nuclei decays. Measuredin becquerel (Bq).

The activity of a radioactive sampledrops from 1,200 Bq down to 300 Bq in10 days.

Alpha particleMade up of two protons and two neutrons (the same as ahelium nucleus). Positively charged. Stopped by paper orskin. Has a range in air of a few cm. Highly ionising.

Alpha particles are absorbed by a thinsheet of aluminium.

Alpha scatteringexperiment

Observations from this practical led to the followingconclusions:1) most alpha particles travelled straight through gold foilwhich told them the atom was mainly empty space.2) some alpha particles were deflected by small angles witha small number being deflected by large angles. This toldthem there was a small central nucleus which was positivelycharged and where most of the mass was concentrated.

In the alpha scattering experiment,positively charged alpha particles werefired at thin gold foil. Most alphaparticles went straight through the foil.But a few were scattered in differentdirections.

Atomic number

The number of protons in an atom (also the same as thenumber of electrons in the neutral atom but this isn't thedefinition - if asked what atomic number represents, mentionprotons!)

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17.

Background radiation

Radiation that is around us all of the time. It comes from bothnatural sources (e.g. rocks, cosmic rays from space) and man- made sources (e.g. fall out from nuclear weapons testingand nuclear accidents)

Radioactive materials occur naturallyand, as a result, everyone is exposed to alow-level of background radiation everyday.

Beta particle

A fast moving electron given out by the nucleus (a neutronturns in to a proton and gives out an electron). Negativelycharged. Stopped by a few mm of aluminium. Can travelabout 1 m in air. Less ionising than alpha particles.

A beta particle is a type of ionisingradiation consisting of a singleelectron.

ContaminationThe unwanted presence of radioactive atoms either on or inan object (including humans!) These atoms could decaywhich could cause harm.

An apple with cobalt-60 injectedinto it is contaminated.

Electron

Negatively charged particles which orbit the nucleus.Electrons are arranged at different distances from thenucleus in energy levels. If an electron absorbselectromagnetic radiation, it can move up in to a higherenergy level (further from the nucleus). If an electron gives outelectromagnetic radiation it moves to a lower energy level(closer to the nucleus).

An electron is a subatomic particle with anegative charge and a negligible massrelative to protons and neutrons.

Gamma rayElectromagnetic radiation given out by the nucleus. It travelsas a wave (is not a particle). Is uncharged. Has an unlimitedrange in air. Can be reduced by thick lead or concrete.

A type of ionising radiation that is also partof the EM spectrum. It has no mass.

Half - lifeThe time it takes for the number of radioactive nuclei in asample to halve or the time it takes for the countrate/activity of a sample to fall to half its initial value.

Scientists cannot tell when a particularnucleus will decay, but they can usestatistical methods to tell when half theunstable nuclei in a sample will havedecayed.

IonAn atom becomes a positive ion if it loses one or moreelectrons. An atom becomes a negative ion if it gains one ormore electrons.

If an atom loses one or moreelectrons, it becomes a positivelycharged ion.

IrradiationProcess of exposing an object to nuclear radiation. Theobject itself does not become radioactive e.g. sterilisingsurgical instruments

An apple exposed to the radiation fromcobalt-60 is irradiated.

IsotopesIsotopes of the same element have the same number ofprotons but different numbers of neutrons.

Isotopes can either be radioactive ornon-radioactive. For example,14C isused in radiocarbon dating todetermine the age of historical objectsand99Tc is used in medical imaging.

Mass number The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Chlorine has a mass number of 35.

Neutron Particles found in the nucleus that have no electricalcharge (they are neutral).

The neutron is an uncharged subatomicparticle, with a mass of 1 relative to aproton. The relative charge of a neutron is0.

Nuclear Fission

The splitting of a large, unstable nucleus in to two smallernuclei. Two or three neutrons are also given out. Energy isreleased by the reaction. This is what happens inside anuclear reactor.

The energy from the neutrons released ina nuclear fission reaction power a nuclearreactor.

Nuclear FusionThe joining together of two light nuclei to form a heaviernucleus. In this process, some of the mass may be convertedin to energy. This is the process that occurs in stars.

Nuclear fusion reactions occur in starswhere two hydrogen nuclei fusetogether under high temperatures andpressure.

NucleusPositively charged, found at the centre of the atom. Containsprotons and neutrons. Most of the mass of an atom is foundhere.

The nucleus is the central part of anatom. The plural of nucleus is nuclei.

Plum pudding modelThis early model suggested that an atom was a ball of positivecharge with electrons embedded in it (think chocolate chipmuffin!)

After discovering the electron in 1897, J JThomson proposed that the atom lookedlike a plum pudding.

Proton Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of anatom.

The proton is a subatomic particle with apositive charge and a relative mass of 1.The relative charge of a proton is +1.

Radioactive decayA random process by which an unstable nucleus changes tobecome more stable. It does this through the emission (givingout) of an alpha particle, a beta particle and/or a gamma ray.

In radioactive decay, unstable atomicnuclei break apart or change, releasingradiation as they do so.

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DramaWelcome to Drama. Below is a list of key words that we cover as part of Year 7 and Year 8. Please make sure you understand these terms - you mighthave already covered them at your school. Let us know if you get stuck.

KEY WORD DEFINITION EXAMPLE

Role on the Wall A character study of a role in a play, usually written around adrawn outline of the character, using adjectives to describe thecharacter’s traits

She drew a role on the wall for her character,which explained that her character was seenby others as outgoing and happy (written onthe outside), but inside was insecure (writteninside the character’s outline)

Physical Theatre A form of theatre which emphasises the use of physicalmovement, as in mime or dance, to create meaning or expression

The group created a physical theatreinterpretation of fear by creating a pulsatingmass of their bodies to show panic

Stage Fighting A choreographed fight sequence which creates the illusion ofphysical conflict but without causing harm to the performers

The actors in Romeo and Juliet created astage fight between Romeo and Tybalt

Duologue Two characters in conversation within a play The actors rehearsed the duologue betweenthe girl and her mother where they had anargument

In the Round A performance surrounded on all sides by the audience The performance of the play took place inthe round with the actors all in the middle ofthe audience

End on A performance where the audience sits on one side of the pieceonly

The director chose an end-on staging so thatthe designer could use large scenery andprojections in the play

Proscenium Arch A type of staging which has an arch over the stage, often highlydecorated, which creates a boundary between audience andperformers

The Theatre Royal, Brighton, has aProscenium Arch stage, which creates animaginary ‘fourth wall’ between the actorsand the audience

Promenade A type of theatre staging where the audience moves from placeto place to follow the action. It is often site-specific i.e if the play isset in a farm, it will take place at a farm

The promenade performance took theaudience from a barn to a field, and then tothe garden of the farm-house

Apron A stage extension, usually of an end-on stage, which adds moredepth to the stage

The actor performed his monologue on theapron so that he was closer to the audience,creating more empathy

Traverse A type of staging where half the audience sits on one side of theaction, and half on the other, facing each other

The production of Chitty Chitty Bang Bangwas in traverse, so that the train could passthrough the audience from one side to theother

Physical Physical skills. Using your face and body to show your character. Facial expression, movement, posture

Vocal Vocal skills. Using your voice to show your character. Volume, tone , pitch.

Spatial Spatial skills. Using the stage space to create meaning. Blocking, close to, movement.

Making Creating something. Make a freeze frame.

Rehearsing Go over your work several times making improvements to it. You have 10 minutes to rehearse your scene.

Responding Giving feedback about a performance you have seen. Say what went well in that performance.

Performing Showing your work in front of an audience. I performed my scene in front of the class.

Analysing To examine, explain and interpret a performance. The actor showed he was angry by stompingoff stage.

Evaluating Making a judgement about what you have seen. I think the scene was a successful comedybecause it made the audience laugh.

Audience People who watch a performance. The audience enjoyed the performance.

Devise Make up or create Devise a scene on the theme of identity.

Improvise Make up or create - can be on the spot or with rehearsal. Improvise a scene about you closing the

market stall for the last time.

Scripted Performing a scene from a script that is given to you. We performed a section of script fromRomeo and Juliet.

Facial Expressions How you move your face to show emotion. I frowned to show I was angry.

Eye Contact Looking into another's eyes or avoiding it. They looked at each other and smiled. Thisshowed that they agreed with each other.

Gesture Moving your arms. She crossed her arms to show she wasunhappy with him.

Posture How you stand. He slouched and looked at the floor whichshowed he was feeling nervous.

Movement How you move around. She jumped around the stage which showedshe was feeling excited.

Volume How loud or quiet you use your voice. She spoke very quietly which showed shewas feeling shy.

Accent Pronunciation of words spoken differently in different regions. He had a scottish accent.

Rhythm The intonation and stress you put on words when you speak. He left a pause before finishing the sentenceto create tension.

Tone The emotion behind your voice. She spoke in an affectionate tone of voice toshow she was not really cross.

Pace How quickly or slowly you speak or move He walked at a slow pace which showed hewas tired.She spoke with a fast pace which showedshe was feeling anxious.

Pitch How high or low you use your voice. She spoke in a high pitch which showed shewas feeling excited.

Blocking Where you are on the stage. We planned our blocking to make sure wecould all be seen by the audience.

Status The power and confidence a character has in a scene. I could see she had a high status becauseshe walked right up to them and told them tosit down.

Freeze Frame / Tableau A Still Image like a Photograph, highlighting an important moment We created a freeze frame of the momentthey heard the news.

Thought Track Speaking aloud the thoughts of a character. His thought track showed he felt determinedto try again.

Mime (noun) Acting without speaking, with slightly slowed down and over thetop movements.

We created a mime of the servant deliveringthe letter to the wrong person.

To Mime (verb) Pretending to do something using gesture and movement, usuallywithout words

Pretending to drink a cup of tea even thoughyou are not holding a cup.

Narration Someone who tells the story The old lady narrated the story whilst theothers acted the scene out.

Soundscape A sound or combination of sounds to create an atmosphere They used their voices to create asoundscape of the forest.

Hot Seating Answering questions from others whilst in role. This is a rehearsaltechnique to help develop characterisation.

We asked the actress playing Quincequestions about how she felt about Bottomtaking over her play.

Flashback Cutting to something that happened in the past to add relevanceto what is happening in the present.

Whilst discussing what had happened inDarkwood manor, the actors acted out aflashback of them seeing a ghost.

FlashForward Cutting to something that could happen in the future to addrelevance to what is happening in the present.

Whilst packing up the market stall for the lasttime the actors acted out a flash forward ofthem having no money or food.

Spilt Scene When two scenes are shown on stage at the same time. Onescene either freezes or mimes whilst the other is being performed.They can swap over multiple times.

On the left side of the stage was a sceneshowing Hennie getting ready for school, onthe right showed Maggie getting ready forschool. The action swapped between thetwo. This led the audience to compare how

different each experience was.

Characterisation Using performance skills to act as if you are someone else. The actress used characterisation totransform into the character of the Queen.

Levels Using different heights in a scene to create interest and meaning. The woman stood tall over the croucheddown children, which showed she had thehighest status.

Naturalism A genre of drama that is as close to real-life as possible. When the man cried on stage I empathisedwith him as it was so believable.

Non Naturalism A genre of drama that is not realistic. The actors moved in circles around the girl tosymbolise her confused mental state.

Props Using items to help show your character. Using a suitcase to show you are on holiday.

Costume Using clothing to help show the character you are playing. Using a hat to show you are playing a witch.

Sound Any sound effects you add to your performance. The sound of the engine suggested that acar was approaching.

Lighting Any lighting effects you use in your performance. The blue lighting created a spookyatmosphere.

SpontaneousImprovisation

Making up a scene on the spot, with no planning time. We brought the Freeze frame to life with norehearsal.

Rehearsed Improvisation Making up a scene with time to plan and rehearse beforeperforming.

The teacher gave us 10 mins to create andrehearse a scene.

Mullti Roling Playing more than one character in a performance. The actress played three differentcharacters in the play.

Chorus Performing as a group, moving and/or speaking in time with eachother.

The chorus moved in time with jaggedmovements to create a sense of danger

Cliff Hanger Stopping the scene at the point of highest tension, so that we donot know how the story ends.

The man opened the door and screamed.This was the end of the scene.

Interaction How the characters communicate with each other. Three characters huddled together and onewas left on their own.

Relationships The connections that are developed between the characters. From the way the woman was softly brushingthe girl’s hair you could see that she caredfor her a great deal.

Monologue A long speech by one actor. The man performed a monologue about howhe was feeling.

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HistoryWelcome to History. Below is a link to the Medicine workbook that you can complete as part of getting ready for GCSEs.

Medicine - full workbook