Seismic and Tsunami Seismic and Tsunami Warning System in KOREAWarning System in KOREA

Jai Ho Oh

Dept. of Env. Atmo. Sci., Pukyong National Univ., Busan, Korea, jhoh@pknu.ac.kr

What does tsunami mean?• Tsunami is a Japanese word with the English ranslation, "harbor wave.“

• In the past, tsunamis were sometimes referred to as – tidal waves by the general public

• this term is a misnomer: although a tsunami's impact upon a coastline is dependent upon the tidal level at the time a tsunami strikes, tsunamis are unrelated to the tides.

– seismic sea waves by the scientific community• also misleading. "Seismic" implies an earthquake-related generation mechanism, but

a tsunami can also be caused by a non-seismic event, such as a landslide or meteorite impact.

• wind generated waves– period 5 - 20 seconds– wavelength 100-200 meters

• shallow water waves– ratio between water depth and

wavelength is small– period of 10 minutes to 2 hours– wavelength in excess 480 km– 2-3 meters high in deep seas

Tsunami Speed is reduced in shallow water as height increases rapidly.

                                                                                                              

                                      

In the open ocean a tsunami is less than a few tens of centimeters (1 ft) high at the surface, but its wave height increases rapidly in shallow water. Tsunami wave energy extends from the surface to the bottom in even the deepest waters. As the tsunami attacks the coastline, the wave energy is compressed into a much shorter distance and a much shallower depth, creating destructive, life-threatening waves.

Model of the tsunami in the southeast Pacific, nine hrs after its generation.

Calculated tsunami travel times for an earthquake occurring off the coast of Chile. Each concentric curve represents one hour of tsunami travel time.

Prevention

With large forces traveling at such high speeds, a tsunami could travel from Peru to Japan in a matter of twenty-one hours, these natural disasters are some of the fastest moving things on the planet, so it seems a reasonable precaution to have warning systems in place.

Tsunami Warning System in the Pacific is one and is in place to try and detect underwater earthquakes and notify the public before casualties are sustained, two centers of this system include one in Alaska and one in Hawaii two “hotspots” for tsunami activity. Seismic activity, though not always relevant to tsunamis, can be picked up by seismographs to help aid in the speed and origin of the tsunami.

- Local authorities and emergency managers are responsible for formulating and executing evacuation plans for areas under a tsunami warning. The public should stay-tuned to the local media for evacuation orders should a tsunami warning be issued. And, the public should NOT RETURN to low lying areas until the tsunami threat has passed and the "all clear" is announced by the local authorities.

DEEP-OCEAN ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING ON TSUNAMIS (DART Project)

                                                                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                                                                                                 

INDEPENDENT 3 COMPONENTBROAD-BAND SEISMIC STATION

                                                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                                                                           

1978 년

1996 년 Department of Seismic Monitor (8 personnel)

1998 년 Digital Seismic Recording

1999 년 Host the 17th ITSU meeting in Korea

2004 년

2005 년 1 월 현재 Moritor – Seismic st.- 34, Acc. St. - 75Personnel - 15 명 (including 2 Researchers)Budget - $600,000/yr

2001 년 MOA between Korea & China on Seismic Op.

1963 년 WWSSN Seismic Recording System in Seoul

Starting Seismic Monitoring

Agree to set-up the K-C-J Joint Conf. on Seismic Disaster Prevention

History on Seismic Operation in KMA

기상청 지진관측망

지진관측장비

단주기지진계 (SS-1)

초광대역 지진계(STS-1)

광대역 지진계 (STS-2)

가속도계 (Episensor)

지진 관측 시스템 – 구성도

Intranet

KNSN2KNSN2

TCP/IP

TCP/IP

KNSN3 Monitoring

Net.

KNSN3 Monitoring

Net.

Seismic St. - 34Acc. St. - 75

Seismic St. - 34Acc. St. - 75

NEIS2(21)

NEIS2(21)

국가지진정보시스템NEIS(2002)

국가지진정보시스템NEIS(2002)

Web. PageServer

Web. PageServer

KNSN1(1999)KNSN1(1999)

KIGAM KINS KEPRI

KIGAMAnalysisKIGAM

Analysis ALTICOMALTICOM

지진 분석 시스템

Real-time Analysis on Signals

Announcement : National & Local Authorities

자동 통보 시스템

통보처

- FAX 동시동보 (96 소 )- Computer Message (63소 )- SMS Message (200 인 )

국민이 지진에 관한 정보를 쉽게 접할 수 있도록 국가지진정보시스템 홈페이지에 지진업무 , 지진발생현황 등의 정보 제공

국가지진정보시스템 홈페이지

www.kmaneis.go.krwww.kmaneis.go.kr

Ulluengdo Storm Surge Wave Gauge

지진해일 (Tsunami) 감시

울릉도

우리나라 지진해일 피해사례 Ⅰ

아키타 지진해일

지진요소

피해상황

진 원 시 May 26, 1983, 11:59:57.5

진 앙 일본 혼슈 아키타현 서쪽 근해 (40.4°N,139.1°E)

규 모 M 7.7

재산피해

인명피해 5 명 ( 사망 1 명 , 실종 2 명 , 부상 2 명 ) 및 이재민 405 명

건물피해 44 동 ( 전파 1 동 , 소파 22 동 , 침수 21 동 )

선박피해 81 척 ( 전파 47 척 , 반파 34 척 ) 및 시설물 62 동

$ 370,000 ( 원덕항 2 억 4,300 여만원 , 삼척항 9,300 여만원 , 울릉도 2,100 여만원 , 울진 600 여만원 등 )

우리나라 지진해일 피해사례 Ⅱ

오쿠시리 지진해일

지진요소

피해상황

진 원 시 Jul. 12, 1993, 22:17:34.6

진 앙 일본 홋카이도 오쿠시리섬 북서해역 (42.8°N,139.2°E)

규 모 M 7.8

인명피해 없음어망 / 어구 3,000 여통

선박피해 35 척 ( 소형 ) 및 시설물

재산피해 $390,000

KMA issued the tsunami warning at 22:50, Jul. 12, 1993..

지진발생시 업무처리도

InternationalInformation

InternationalInformation

PTWC

ATWC

USGS

JMA

NIED

Seismic Info.& Warning

Seismic Info.& Warning

Govern. Offices

- FAX (96)

- Computer (63)

- SMS message

(200)

Auto. Analysis by Computer

Auto. Analysis by Computer

Seismic Alarm

Result Auto.

Analysis- time- location- magnitude

Seis. & TsunamiSeis. & Tsunami

Add. Info.Add. Info.

24HR Monitoring

국외기관 정보수집Organization Info. Route Time

PTWC, USA ( 태평양

지진해일경보센터 )

o GTS o lumahai.soest.hawaii.edu o 5 – 10 min

ATWC, USA ( 알라스카

지진해일경보센터 )

o GTS o www.wcatwc.gov

o 5 – 10 min

JMA ( 일본기상청 )

o E-mail, GTS o www.jma.go.jp

o 3 min(Aver. : 5-10 min)

NIED, Japan ( 일본 방재과학

기술연구소 )

o E-mail o www.bosai.jp

o 1 - 3 min

CWB, Taiwan( 대만 중앙기상국 )

o www.cwb.gov.tw o Occ.

USGS, USA( 미국지질조사소 )

o E-mail o www.neic.cr.usgs.gov)

o 1 HR

Korea’s management• Enhancing Seismic Monitoring System

• Forcasting work with Tsunami Warning System in the Pacific Region

• Conduct drills once a year

• Education

–videos

Tips for survival• Head to higher ground after strong earthquakes

• Do not go to the shore to watch a tsunami

• Cooperate with warnings and evacuation procedures

• Abandon belongings

• Realize roads may not be accessible

• Do not return until the “all clear” is given

Thanks for

Your Attention

Thanks for

Your Attention

We view with awe a release of power on this scale. We know that this power is greater than that of our species — nature holds us in its hands. We may be able to mitigate some of the consequences; in some cases we may be able to give advance warning of the threat; but we are not in control; the tsunami has demonstrated this ancient truth.

William Rees-Mogg TheTimes 27/12/04

Location of the earthquakes / tsunami (Dec. 26, 2004)

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4125481.stm