Semester 1 Final ReviewVocabulary PPT

Safety Vocab.

Focused Examination - Comes right after the initial assessment, check the client’s head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, legs, arms and portions of the back.

Heart Attack - When the heart muscle is deprived of oxygen-rich blood and nutrients.

Stroke - When the brain is deprived of oxygen-rich blood and nutrients.

Arterial Bleeding - Most serious spurting, least likely to clot.

Venous Bleeding - Flows steadily or even gushes, easier to control.

Capillary Bleeding - Most common type of bleeding, oozes when injured, bright red.

Shock - Occurs when to little oxygen and nutrients reach the body’s cells, tissue, and organs.

Safety Vocab. Continued

Surgical Asepsis - Also called sterile technique, the maintenance of a sterile field or environment.

Body Mechanics - Positions and movements used to maintain proper posture and avoid muscle and bone injuries.

Pathogens - Microorganisms that invade the body. Antiseptics - Solutions that are applied directly to the skin to prevent the growth of pathogens.

Disinfection - Uses strong chemicals to kill many pathogens on instruments.

Sterilization – Best form of cleaning; everything in the room is sterile; surgical room.

First Aid - The initial help and care given to a sick or injured person.

Initial Assessment - Consists of evaluating the client’s responsiveness.

Emergency Care Vocab.(Safety)

Laceration - A jagged, irregular tear of the skin.

Skin avulsion - tissue separates from the body.

Incision - A cut from a knife, glass, or sharp rock.

Puncture - A wound that is caused by an object piercing the skin.

Abrasion - wound to outer layers of skin that causes little bleeding; caused by friction with another object.

Poison - Substance, solid liquid or gas, that causes illness, injury, or death when introduced to the body.

First Aid - The immediate temporary care to a person that has become sick or has been injured.

Shock – Failure of the system to keep adequate blood circulating to the vital organs of the body.

Rabies - A disease of the nervous system that could cause madness and death.

Sprain – Stretching or tearing of ligaments that hold bone together.

Strain – Stretching or tearing of muscles and tendons.

Emergency Care Vocab. Continued

• 1st Degree Burn – Involves the top layer of skin (sunburn).

• 2nd Degree Burn – Involves the top layer, the skin will blister and appear blotchy.

• 3rd Degree Burn - destroys all layers of skin, nerves, muscle, fat and bones. Burn looks brown or black.

• Fainting – A temporary loss of consciousness, caused by reduced blood supply to the brain.

• Frostbite – Ice crystals form in the spaces between the cells

• Gangrene – Death of tissue, that comes from frostbite that is untreated.

• Hurricane - A powerful rain storm

• Tornado – A powerful twisting wind storm.

• Blizzard – Snow Storm

• Earthquake - Violent shaking of the ground.

Body Org. Planes, Directional & Movement Terms

Sagittal Plane – Cuts the body into Right and Left halves; flexion & extension.

Frontal Plane – Cuts the body into Anterior and Posterior halves; abduction & adduction.

Transverse Plane – Cuts the body into Superior and Inferior halves; internal & external rotation

Anterior – towards the front.

Posterior – towards the back.

Superior – above.

Inferior – below.

Medial – towards the midline (sagittal plane cut).

Lateral – away from the midline (sagittal plane cut) or to the side.

Distal – further from the reference point.

Proximal – closer to the reference point.

Deep – away from the surface.

Superficial – towards the surface.

Body Org. Planes, Directional & Movement Terms Continued

Flexion – Decreasing the angle at a joint (sagittal plane).

Extension – Increasing the angle at a joint (sagittal plane).

Abduction – Movement away from the midline (frontal plane).

Adduction – Movement towards the midline (frontal plane).

Internal Rotation – Rotation towards the midline (transverse plane).

External Rotation – Rotation away from the midline (transverse plane).

Lateral or Side Rotation – Term given to rotation at the neck and torso.

Lateral or Side Bending – Term given to abduction and adduction at the neck and torso.

Ulnar/Radial Deviation – Term given to abduction and adduction at the wrist.

Inversion/Eversion – Term given to abduction and adduction at the ankle.

Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion – Term given to flexion and extension at the ankle.

Digestion Functions

Teeth – physical breakdown of food. Tongue – tasting, chewing, and swallowing. Salivary Glands – send saliva to moisten food and chemical

breakdown. Uvula – closes the nasal passage when you swallow. Epiglottis – closes the trachea when you swallow. Esophagus – takes bolus from mouth to the stomach. Cardiac Sphincter – prevents back flow into the esophagus

from the stomach. Stomach – physical and chemical breakdown of food.; churns

and mixes chyme. Pyloric Sphincter – prevents back flow into the stomach from

the small intestine. Small Intestine – chemical breakdown; absorption occurs. Large Intestine – Water absorption; feces moved to exit. Liver – largest gland, makes bile . Gallbladder – stores bile from liver. Pancreas – makes enzymes and juices to help with chemical

breakdown; both endocrine and exocrine function.

Urinary Vocab.

Kidney – main organ of the urinary system; form urine.

Dialysis (Kidney) – Separating particles from a fluid by filtration through a semipermeable membrane.

Micturition – Process of urination.

Urea - the chief solid component of urine; synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Ureter – Tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Urinalysis – Physical, chemical or microscopic examination of urine.

Urination – Discharge or passage of urine.

Voiding – to empty; empty the bladder of urine.

Albuminuria – protein in the urine.

Anuria – absence of urine.

Dysuria – painful or difficult urination.

Diuresis – double or increase in urine.

Glycosuria – glucose or sugar in the urine.

Hematuria – blood in the urine.

Oliguria – decreased amount of urine.

Polyuria – increased urine.

Pyuria – pus in the urine.