Senior Seminar Fall 2008 ISP 4860 Section 002 (Bowen) Class 11, April 1 Course web site:

Senior Seminar Fall 2008ISP 4860

Section 002 (Bowen)

Class 11, April 1Course web site: www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSemW09

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 2

Agenda

• Late / returned / future assignments• Content:

Economic Crisis Sustainability Review Consumption and Waste

• Writing Sentences for Discussion Grammar


New Course resources• http://www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSe

mW09 Chinese not as aggressive in foreign

development World’s poor suffer most in recession: Haiti Penguins affected by global warming and

other aspects of human footprint

http://www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSemW09

http://www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSemW09


Assignments Coming Up

• Past due Choice of topic 11(*)/13 Chapter 1 planner 8/13 List of references 8/13 Draft for Chapter 1 6/13 Draft for Chapters 2 and 3 1/13 and 2/13 Revised Chapter 1 4/13 Revised Chapters 2 and 3

• Today, Drafts of Chapters 4 and 5


Assignments Coming Up

• One week, April 8: Nothing due (catch up)• Two weeks, April 15: Final paper• Three weeks, April 22: Oral report.

Last class meeting


Research portfolio

• One more self-assessment 4/8, including my assessment


Assignment Status• I am getting worried about a pile-up at the

end Not concerned about people who are a few

days late I will not be able to review drafts that come

piling in at the end People who are very late will not have time to

do a good job Grades for these people may be delayed Reminder – a component of the course grade

comes for getting assignments in on time


Class Notes: Table of Contents

Topic Class Topic Class

Overview 1 Ecosystem 5

Population 2Energy andGlob. Wrmg

8

Urbanization 3 Sustainability 10

Developm’ntAnd Disease

11ConsumptionAnd Waste

4 & 11

Food / Fish 6 Land 12

Water 7Tragedy of Commons

9


Economic Crisis

• Obama actions on GM, Chrysler Said to feel that pre-arranged bankruptcy is

best outcome• Unions and bondholders have to accept less• Medical care and retirement aspects of safety net

will need repairing Housing prices fell again over most of US Boats being abandoned by owners

• Some are mortgaged• Feeling that most are paid for, owners cannot

afford maintenance, used-boat market saturated


Economic Crisis

• Stock market still indicating optimism Auto sales down, but somewhat less than

expected Housing sales up (even though, or because)

prices are down Institute for Supply Management tracks

factory utilization – their index rose for third straight month

Negative influece: bankruptcy for GM?


Economic Crisis• International trade has fallen faster and

further that economies of individual countries Recovery plans are national Especially harmful to underdeveloped

countries May hinder recovery

• Economy: a complicated system that we do not understand

• Without knowing what is wrong, we don’t know how to fix it.

• Ditto for the ecosystem!


Fossil Fuels

• Two positions:1. We will continue using fossil fuels

We have plenty They can be cleaned up

2. We should move away from fossil fuels We are running out There is no such thing as clean coal and they are

all dirty Conservation and renewable energy will be the

new economy, so let’s get started


Fossil Fuels

Sustainability Review


Sustainability• Needed for a sustainable future:

Population stability Lower environmental impact per person

• Conservation• New methods

Food and water supplies More even distribution of health and economic

development• Need an integrated (interdisciplinary)

approach• Coordinate different approaches, e.g. for-

profit and non-profit


Sustainability

• Health Infectious diseases (“vector-borne”) still not

controlled in poor world• Some treatments very inexpensive• Economic development important for others

Diseases once under control in rich world re-emerging due to obesity, lack of exercise, poor diet

• Diabetes, cardio-vascular• Avoidance of vaccination (DB)


Sustainability• Climate Change (= Global Warming)

Must eventually reduce worldwide carbon emissions to a small fraction of today’s

Will require international cooperation Will it be a burden or an opportunity? Methods:

• Technical: conservation, low-carbon sources (e.g. ethanol, nuclear, solar), sequestration, geoengineering, virtual/digital

• Economic: green business, cap and trade, incentives

May need them all


DB

• Food/fish: eat lower on food chain, must make this acceptable

• Water: conservation, more treatment, suit quality to use Pricing to conserve, or is it a right? On Green Inc blog – using wastewater for

powerplant cooling• Ecosystem: be more cautious for now,

need to learn more, and quickly “End of carbon era” may help


DB• Health

Conflict between market-based solutions and services for poor countries, e.g. for AIDS drugs

In rich countries, work on lifestyle

• Economic development important for improvements in poor world (health, food, water) Education How to get really poor countries “off the

ground?”• Agency


DB

• Consumption and Waste Reduce, recycle, reuse Biodegradable products Lifecycle design

• Urbanization Improve rural life Development Property rights for urban poor


DB

• Population Economic rights for women Economic development Education

Consumption and Waste


State of the Planet

• Not much material – Pp 161 - 165

• Concentrate on supplying non-substitutable goods – not substitutes available Food, water, air

• Substitutable: margarine for butter

• Turnover of goods and services is considered an indicator of progress


Planet in Peril

• Volume of packaging is growing

• Products with short lives (disposables)

• Landfills filling up

• More international transport of wastes Statistics very incomplete Most wastes sent to Africa, then Asia

• Shipbreaking

Dangerous and polluting


The Ship Breakers Of Bangladesh• CBS News 11/5/06


Planet in Peril

• Products becoming more complex Layers of incompatible plastics for containers Harder to recycle

• Conventions: Basel (1980 - international transport of

hazardous wastes) London (1996 – dumping at sea) Rotterdam (1998 – chemical exports) Stockholm (2001 – persistent organic

pollutants)


State of the World

• Corporations better at finding uses for what used to be called waste

• BUT We use one-half trillion tons of stuff per year Less than 1% is still in use after 6 months

• “Factor Four,” “Factor Ten” – goals for reduction in use of resources

• Incandescent light fluorescent LED• Get used to less stuff (DB: ?)


Sustainability

• Reduce, reuse, recycle

• Often less expensive to buy new than to recycle Mass methods in buying new, hand methods

in recycling

• Building in recycling when a product is designed

Development and Disease


Planet in Peril

• Wide national disparities in health Japanese 85 yrs expectancy, Zimbabwe 36 Sub-Saharan Africa, Former Soviet Union

• “Big three” diseases: HIV/AIDS 8,000 per day, TB 6,000, malnourishment 3,000

• Reasons for disparities: High cost of drugs and research Pressure against using generics Fiscal pressures to curtail social services in

developing countries


State of the Planet

• Developing countries suffer from infectious diseases Often transmitted by water and parasitic

worms Many new pathogens e.g. Ebola, HIV, Nipah

virus• Developed countries: obesity,

cardiovascular disease• Coordinated approach needed


Plan B 3.0

• Failed states a problem for health care• Biggest worldwide problems: AIDS,

diarrhea, respiratory illness, TB, malaria, measles, child mortality

• Safe water, sewage (water-free)• Success against diarrheal dehydration

with simple rehydration adding salt and sugar to water

• Aid for immunization is cost-effective


Plan B 3.0

• Polio virtually eradicated by campaign against vaccination claiming it was a US infertility program. This could spread.

• Carter foundation success against guinea worm disease – filtration of drinking water

• World campaign against smoking• WHO study said simple local clinics would

be a good investment


Plan B 3.0

• Prevention through education best route for countering HIV Focus on specific groups: long-distance truck

drivers, sex workers (interactions) Condom distribution very cost-efficient Good national models: Uganda and Senegal Availability of treatment shown to increase

numbers getting tested


Economic Development

• Present model for prosperity, based on consumption, does not seem to be sustainable Especially if developing world becomes

prosperous• Would have to increase all consumption by

between five and ten times – food, cloth, water, energy, lumber, steel



• Some suggestions about what we could substitute for at least some of our material consumption: Learning and knowledge Experiences Virtual goods

• Conservation could also help – of energy, water, etc.



• What about underdeveloped countries? Many things have been tried Microloans – very small loans to poor people

• Example: cell phone for a village. They can know what market price is for crops, drive a better bargain with their regional buyer

• Example: sewing machine for local seamstress to increase output, hire workers

• Repayment history is good Education and real democracy important Current trends are not good

Writing


Definitions

Definitions, Senior Essay, Winter 2009 Sovereign Wealth Fund Profits accumulating to a countryAlbedo Fraction of solar radiation that is reflectedAnthropogenic Due to human activityArable Farmable, fertileBiodiversity Having a wide range of speciesCommons Area where costs are shared but gain is privateEcosystem Services Services and materials supplied to humans by natureEnvironmental Services Cleaning up after human activityHectare 10,000 square meters 2.5 US acresPotable Safe for drinkingSocial Capital The value of functioning organizations and customsSolvent (financially) Assets exceed liabilitiesSustainability Not using more than Nature can replenishTonne Metric ton, 1000 kilograms 2200 poundsTyphoon Hurricane


Writing #1

• Grammar Review Sentence: Subject, verb, complete thought

• Problem: fragment (incomplete sentence)• Runon: two sentences butted together incorrectly

Who’s Vs whose Every day Vs everyday It’s Vs its Do Vs due Hyphen to join words in compound adjective


Writing #2

• List of sentences

• Discuss / correct sentences

• I will type corrections under each one and post on course web site for your reference.


Writing #3

• Four small groups

• Answer questions from cards

• Answer goes on separate paper

• Report is names plus answers

• Done when report is in


Writing #4

• Second paragraph sheet

Documents

Senior Seminar Fall 2008 ISP 4860 Section 002 (Bowen) Class 11, April 1 Course web site: