Senior Seminar Fall 2011 ISP 4860 Section 001 (Bowen) Class 11, April 4 Course web site:

4/4 Senior Seminar, Class 11 1

Senior Seminar Fall 2011ISP 4860

Section 001 (Bowen)

Class 11, April 4Course web site: www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSemW11

http://www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSemW11


Agenda

• Late / returned / future assignments• Updates• Content:

Economic Crisis Sustainability Review Consumption and Waste

• Research Portfolios• Writing

Grammar Paragraph formation


Assignments Coming Up

• Past due Choice of topic 2/7 Chapter 1 planner 2/14 List of references 2/21 Draft for Chapter 1 2/28, 5 in Draft for Chapters 2 and 3 3/7, 3 & 2 in Revised Chapter 1 3/21, 2 in Chpt 2 & 3 revised 3/28, 2 in


Assignments Coming Up

• This week, April 4: Drafts of Chapters 4 and 5 (2 and 1 in), final Portfolio Assessment (including mine)

• Two weeks, April 11: Nothing due (catch up)

• Three weeks, April 18: Final paper• Four weeks, April 25: Oral report.

Last class meeting


Oral Presentation

• A requirement for the course• You should be prepared to give a progress

report even if your paper is not done Handout Details on web site at Class 8 (March 7)

• Alternatives: Videotape a presentation and email it to me

• Must have an audience and a handout Lower grade

• Cliff Maier will be here


Assignment Status• I am getting worried about a pile-up at the

end Not concerned about people who are a few

days late I will not be able to review drafts that come

piling in at the end People who are very late will not have time to

do a good job Grades for these people may be delayed Reminder – a component of the course grade

comes for getting assignments in on time (*)


Class Notes: Table of Contents

Topic Class Topic Class

Overview 1Energy andGlob. Wrmg

8

Population 2 Sustainability 10

Urbanization 3ConsumptionAnd Waste

4 & 11

Developm’ntAnd Disease

11 Land 12

Food / Fish 6Tragedy of Commons

10

Water 7 Summary 13

Ecosystem 5


Economic Recession

• Economy still improving slowly 216,000 new jobs (but need more) Unemployment fell 8.9% → 8.8%

• Still high, still many not in labor force Particularly bad for young people

• Older people not retiring – rebuilding funds – or going back to work – will work for lower wages

Housing prices declining• Further trouble ahead

Higher gas prices – supply low, demand high• Improves sales of small cars, hybrids, electrics


Economic Crisis

• Stock market still indicating optimism• US now says country will make a profit on

TARP and bailouts Loans being repaid, stock selling at a profit

• Economy: a complicated system that we do not understand

• Without knowing what is wrong, we don’t know how to fix it.

• Ditto for the ecosystem!


Fossil Fuels

• Two positions:1. We will continue using fossil fuels

We have plenty They can be cleaned up

2. We should move away from fossil fuels We are running out There is no such thing as clean coal and they are

all dirty Conservation and renewable energy will be the

new economy, so let’s get started


Fossil Fuels


Update: Monitoring the Earth• http://www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSemW11

Clooney monitoring effort catches attacks Crowdsourced map of crises in Libya

• First tried after Haiti earthquake Gapminder – dynamic graphs of social

indicators



Sustainability Review


Sustainability• Needed for a sustainable future:

Population stability Lower environmental impact per person

• Conservation• New methods

Food and water supplies More even distribution of health and economic

development• Need an integrated (interdisciplinary)

approach• Coordinate different approaches, e.g. for-

profit and non-profit


Sustainability

• Health Infectious diseases (“vector-borne”) still not

controlled in poor world• Some treatments very inexpensive• Economic development important for others

Diseases once under control in rich world re-emerging due to obesity, lack of exercise, poor diet

• Diabetes, cardio-vascular• Avoidance of vaccination (DB)


Medicines for Women and Children

• On course website:

• World Health Organization lists 30 important drugs for women and children



Sustainability• Climate Change (= Global Warming)

Must eventually reduce worldwide carbon emissions to a small fraction of today’s

Will require international cooperation Will it be a burden or an opportunity? Methods:

• Technical: conservation, low-carbon sources (e.g. ethanol, nuclear, solar), sequestration, geoengineering, virtual/digital

• Economic: green business, cap and trade, incentives

May need them all


DB

• Food/fish: eat lower on food chain, must make this acceptable

• Water: conservation, more treatment, suit quality to use Pricing to conserve, or is it a right? On Green Inc blog – using wastewater for

powerplant cooling• Ecosystem: be more cautious for now,

need to learn more, and quickly “End of carbon era” may help


DB• Health

Conflict between market-based solutions and services for poor countries, e.g. for AIDS drugs

In rich countries, work on lifestyle

• Economic development important for improvements in poor world (health, food, water) Education How to get really poor countries “off the

ground?”• Agency


DB

• Consumption and Waste Reduce, recycle, reuse Biodegradable products Lifecycle design

• Urbanization Improve rural life Development Property rights for urban poor


DB

• Population Economic rights for women Economic development Education


Consumption and Waste


State of the Planet

• Not much material – Pp 161 - 165

• Concentrate on supplying non-substitutable goods – not substitutes available Food, water, air

• Substitutable: margarine for butter

• Turnover of goods and services is considered an indicator of progress


Planet in Peril

• Volume of packaging is growing

• Products with short lives (disposables)

• Landfills filling up

• More international transport of wastes Statistics very incomplete Most wastes sent to Africa, then Asia

• Shipbreaking

Dangerous and polluting


The Ship Breakers Of Bangladesh• CBS News 11/5/06


Planet in Peril

• Products becoming more complex Layers of incompatible plastics for containers Harder to recycle

• Conventions: Basel (1980 - international transport of

hazardous wastes) London (1996 – dumping at sea) Rotterdam (1998 – chemical exports) Stockholm (2001 – persistent organic

pollutants)


State of the World

• Corporations better at finding uses for what used to be called waste

• BUT We use one-half trillion tons of stuff per year Less than 1% is still in use after 6 months

• “Factor Four,” “Factor Ten” – goals for reduction in use of resources

• Incandescent light fluorescent LED• Get used to less stuff (DB: ?)


Sustainability

• Reduce, reuse, recycle

• Often less expensive to buy new than to recycle Mass methods in buying new, hand methods

in recycling

• Building in recycling when a product is designed


Development and Disease


Planet in Peril

• Wide national disparities in health Japanese 85 yrs expectancy, Zimbabwe 36 Sub-Saharan Africa, Former Soviet Union

• “Big three” diseases: HIV/AIDS 8,000 per day, TB 6,000, malnourishment 3,000

• Reasons for disparities: High cost of drugs and research Pressure against using generics Fiscal pressures to curtail social services in

developing countries


State of the Planet

• Developing countries suffer from infectious diseases Often transmitted by water and parasitic

worms Many new pathogens e.g. Ebola, HIV, Nipah

virus• Developed countries: obesity,

cardiovascular disease• Coordinated approach needed


Plan B 3.0

• Failed states a problem for health care• Biggest worldwide problems: AIDS,

diarrhea, respiratory illness, TB, malaria, measles, child mortality

• Safe water, sewage (water-free)• Success against diarrheal dehydration

with simple rehydration adding salt and sugar to water

• Aid for immunization is cost-effective


Plan B 3.0

• Polio virtually eradicated Progress hindered by campaign against

vaccination claiming it was a US infertility program. This could spread.

• Carter foundation success against guinea worm disease – filtration of drinking water

• World campaign against smoking• WHO study said simple local clinics would

be a good investment


Plan B 3.0

• Prevention through education best route for countering HIV Focus on specific groups: long-distance truck

drivers, sex workers (interactions) Condom distribution very cost-efficient Good national models: Uganda and Senegal Availability of treatment shown to increase

numbers getting tested


Economic Development

• Present model for prosperity, based on consumption, does not seem to be sustainable Especially if developing world becomes

prosperous• Would have to increase all consumption by

between five and ten times – food, cloth, water, energy, lumber, steel



• Some suggestions about what we could substitute for at least some of our material consumption: Learning and knowledge Experiences Virtual goods

• Conservation could also help – of energy, water, etc.



• What about underdeveloped countries? Many things have been tried Microloans – very small loans to poor people

• Example: cell phone for a village. They can know what market price is for crops, drive a better bargain with their regional buyer

• Example: sewing machine for local seamstress to increase output, hire workers

• Repayment history is good Education and real democracy important Current trends are not good


Problems with Microcredit

• Early success with microcredit Grameen Bank in India

• Founder Muhammad Yunus• 2006 Yunus and Grameen won Nobel Peace Prize

For-profit banks got involved• Aggressive lending, loan collection• Higher rates to make a profit on small loans

Many defaults, poor people lost everything Now has a bad name, people urged not to

repay their loans• Above from NYT OpEd by Yunus on

course website


Research

• Citations The citation is part of the sentence Period comes after

• If citation author / title / organization is two words, abbreviate

• Only first page number• Examples:

objectives. (US Department of State 4-5). programs.” (Hacker, PhD).


Portfolio Self-Assessment

• Last one, do on your own


Writing


Definitions

Definitions, Senior Essay, Winter 2011 Sovereign Wealth Fund Profits accumulating to a countryAlbedo Fraction of solar radiation that is reflectedAnthropogenic Due to human activityArable Farmable, fertileBiodiversity Having a wide range of speciesCommons Area where costs are shared but gain is privateEcosystem Services Services and materials supplied to humans by natureEnvironmental Services Cleaning up after human activityHectare 10,000 square meters 2.5 US acresPotable Safe for drinkingSocial Capital The value of functioning organizations and customsSolvent (financially) Assets exceed liabilitiesSustainability Not using more than Nature can replenishTonne Metric ton, 1000 kilograms 2200 poundsTyphoon Hurricane


Writing #1

• Grammar Review Sentence: Subject, verb, complete thought

• Problem: fragment (incomplete sentence)• Runon: two sentences butted together incorrectly

Who’s Vs whose Every day Vs everyday It’s Vs its Do Vs due Hyphen to join words in compound adjective


Writing #2

• Second paragraph sheet, do in groups Transition can come in first paragraph or

second

• Leave portfolios with me

Documents

Senior Seminar Fall 2011 ISP 4860 Section 001 (Bowen) Class 11, April 4 Course web site: