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Sentence Structure: Clauses, Phrases, and
Modifiers
Chapter 5, Lesson 1
What is a Sentence?
A sentence is a group of words with a subject and a predicate. Sentences begin with a capitalized word and end with a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point. Good sentences convey a complete thought and make sense.
Subjects and Predicates
Subject: tells what the sentence is about.
Predicate: tells about the subject or tells what the subject is doing.
Examples
Think--Pair--Share
• Think of three sentences and write them in your notes. Underline the subject in each sentence. • Pair up with the person next to you and share sentences. Are they correct?
Clauses and Phrases
Phrase: Part of the sentence which does not contain its own subject & predicate
Clause: Part of a sentence which contains its own subject and predicate.
Two Types of Clauses
Independent Clauses: Contains a subject and predicate and makes sense on its own. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence.
Dependent Clause: Contains a subject and a predicate but cannot stand on its own. A dependent clause is DEPENDENT upon an independent clause.
Phrases, Dependent Clauses, and Independent Clauses
After breakfast, Katie finished her Phrase Independent Clause
homework.
After she finished her homework, she Dependent Clause
went to school. Independent Clause
Katie felt a lot better after she finished Independent Clause Dependent Clause
her homework.
Katie went to school and then she went to
Independent Clause Independent Clause
cheerleading practice.
Let’s Try a Few Together
We will underline and identify the clauses and phrases in the sentences below:
1.Before the basketball game, Mack went to the mall.
2.Mack bought a new pair of shoes. 3.Mack wore his new shoes at the
basketball game.
Your Turn!
Underline and identify the phrases and clauses in the sentences below.
1.Although she looks a lot older, she is not sixteen years old yet.
2.After school, I have a detention.3.I need to go shopping after I serve
my detention.
Check Your Answers!
1. Although she looks a lot older, she is Dependent Clause
not sixteen years old yet. Independent Clause
2. After school, I have a detention. Phrase Independent Clause
3. I need to go shopping after I serve my Independent Clause Dependent Clause
detention.
Modifiers
Modifiers develop sentences. Modifiers may be either words, phrases, or
clauses. Modifiers can come either before or after the words they modify.
Word Modifiers
Basic Sentence: The dog ran.Word Modifier: The brown dog ran.[ The word “brown” modifies the
word “dog.”]Word Modifer: The brown dog ran
quickly.[ The word “quickly” modifies the
word “ran.”]
Phrase and Clause Modifiers
Phrase Modifier: The brown dog ran quickly through the intersection.
[ The phrase “through the intersection” modifies the word “ran.”]
Clause Modifier: The brown dog, who has a yellow collar, ran quickly through the intersection.
[ The clause “who has a yellow collar” modifies the word “dog.”]
Examples
1. The mean teacher handed out a difficult quiz.
Modifies teacher Modifies quiz
2. The teacher, who has a bad reputation, is Modifies teacher
always yelling at students.
3. The teacher yelled loudly. Modifies yelled
Let’s Try This Together!
1. Jon has new white shoes.2. The smart boy aced the hard test.3. Sarah walked slowly to her next
class.
On Your Own
1. The school, across the street, will reopen in the fall.
2. The student, who transferred from the city, made the basketball team.
3. The tall player ran speedily down the court.
Check Your Answers
1. The school, across the street, will Modifies school
reopen in the fall.2. The student, who transferred from the Modifies student
city, made the basketball team.3. The tall player ran speedily down the Modifies player Modifies ran
court.
Independent Practice
Review pages 33-34 in your packet entitled “Chapter 5: Sentence Structure” and complete the practice problems on pages 34-35.