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September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
1
Official Plan for An Urban Area
•What is an Official Plan?•The Process for Developing an Official Plan•Special considerations•Ottawa Example
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Official Plans
• According to provincial government, local governments would develop "official plan" as a policy document for community development
• Official plans are to be approved by the provincial government and are tools for:– Planning public facilities and infrastructure– Drafting zoning by-laws– Control of land subdivisions
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Official Plan – cont’d
Contents of official plan are:– Goals and objectives– Policies and principles of land use planning– Environmental issues– Infrastructure and transportation– Measures and procedures to attain the objectives of the
plan– Measures and procedures for informing and obtaining
the views of the public– Phasing and stages
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Process for Official Plan Development
1. Preparation2. Circulation to interested parties (individuals or
agencies)3. Modifications and changes according to
recommendations4. Notice sent to the public to announce open
meeting(s)5. Get public feedback and modify accordingly6. Adoption of the official plan by council7. Approval by provincial government
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Introduction to Official Plan:Introduction to Official Plan:OttawaOttawa
(formerly the Regional Municipality of (formerly the Regional Municipality of Ottawa- Carleton RMOC)Ottawa- Carleton RMOC)
From City of Ottawa Sources
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Introduction to Official Plan: Ottawa
“The Planning Act requires all regional municipalities in Ontario to adopt Official Plans and to keep them up-to-date. The Planning Act also identifies matters of provincial interest which are further defined by the provincial policy statement. All plans must have regard for the policies in this statement.”
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Introduction to Official Plan: Ottawa – cont’d
Prior to the formation of a single tier city, the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton had the responsibility to develop the Official Plan.
“The Regional Official Plan contains council’s objectives and policies for managing growth in Ottawa-Carleton to the year 2021.”
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Introduction to Official Plan: Ottawa – cont’d
The Official Plan document consists of many sections. These include:
– Regional Development Strategy– Community and the Built Environment– Economic Activity– Natural Environment– Regional open space and cultural heritage– Agricultural Resource Areas– Mineral Aggregate Resources– Transportation– Environmental services– Development constraints
Schedules include:- Glossary- Official Plan Monitoring Program
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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New Official Plan for the City of Ottawa
• Change from the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton (including local municipalities) to the new City of Ottawa.
• In April/May 2001, worked started on the preparation of a new high level Official Plan for the city of Ottawa.
• A “Smart Growth” summit was held in June 2001 in support of the preparation of a new Official Plan.
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Smart Growth
“Smart growth, also called Smart development, … capitalizes on the economic benefits of growth to enhance the quality of life while anticipating and avoiding the unintended effects on the community, such as environmental pollution and urban sprawl.”
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Smart Growth – cont’d
“Many North American cities concede that uncontrolled growth in the past has translated into substantial costs today in the form of unattractive downtown areas under-utilized services, environmental loss, inefficient sprawl, single-use communities and endless stretches of congested roads. Smart growth calls for renewed recognition of the interrelationships among the economy, the natural environment and the community.”
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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City Official PlanCity Official Plan(Regional Official Plan)(Regional Official Plan)
Covering Urban Area and Related Rural Area
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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What are the Goals of the Official Plan?
(See City of Ottawa Official Plan Website www.ottawa2020.com)
1. Safety, public health, balanced communities
2. Maintenance of desirable characteristics and integrity of established communities
3. Employment; economic activity
4. Maintain Greenbelt
5. Range of housing types
Main Urban area
KanataOrleans
South Urban community
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Goals of the Official Plan - cont’d
6. Enhance central area as the region’s focus for economic, cultural & political activities
7. Open space & natural environment to bolster the economic, social & environmental health of the region
8. Ecosystems (natural systems)
9. Conserve agricultural resources
10. Protect mineral resources for long-term use
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Goals of the Official Plan - cont’d
11. Heritage resources (preserve & enhance)
12. Protect people from natural ad human-made hazards
13. Provide infrastructure effectively and affordably
14. A “balanced” transportation system – for all users; minimize economic, social & environmental impacts.
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Development Concepts for the Ottawa-Carleton Region Considered in Early 1970s
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Following In-filling, Multinucleated Urban Structure is Likely to be Common
Place
Ottawa
Jobs & housing balance
Kanata
“This is an extremely remarkable development … It is really critical in managing growth and dealing with gridlock” (Mayor of Kanata)
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Achieving Liveable CitiesAchieving Liveable Cities
With Shrinking Resources
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Achieving Liveable Cities with Shrinking Resources
• Conserve key strategic resources of land, air, water, energy and financial capital
• Environmentally, socially & economically sustainable in the long run
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Attributes of Liveable Cities:
• High quality of urban life, clean & healthy places; high degree of personal safety & security
• Wide choice of housing & sustainable travel options
• Efficient operations; deliver municipal services at fair and reasonable prices
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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A Process of Change to Achieve A Process of Change to Achieve Liveable CitiesLiveable Cities
Source: Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) (1998)
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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PRINCIPLE YESTERDAY TODAY TOMORROW
1.Urban Development
Low density, single use, unrestricted urban sprawl with inefficient use of resources.
Some town centres, infill and redevelopment, but continued sprawl and inefficiencies.
Efficient, compact, mixed use form with pedestrian, cycle and transit friendly design, and increased personal safety.
2. Municipal Infrastructure
Urban sprawl without regard to underutilized infrastructure.
Little or no change. Full use of infrastructure through compact development, infill and redevelopment.
3. Integrated Planning
Land use and transportation decisions often made independently.
Some integration between land use and transportation planning.
Fully integrated land use, transportation, environmental and financial planning within the municipality.
4. Coordinated Planning
Each municipality in the urban area followed own course
Some regional coordination of land use and transportation planning (where authority exists or cooperative mechanisms are in place).
Fully coordinated land use, transportation, environmental and financial planning across the urban area, through new cooperative mechanisms or governance structures.
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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PRINCIPLE YESTERDAY TODAY TOMORROW
5.a) Development Pricing
Suburban infrastructure and services subsidized by property taxes in central areas.
Suburban infrastructure & services still subsidized, but with some full cost charges on raw land development.
All development charges based on lifecycle costs. Rehabilitated infrastructure in central areas.
5.b) Transport Pricing
Unrestricted road expansion paid from public budgets and auto dependence
Limited road expansion, maintenance backlog, declining transit funding, & increased auto dependence.
Transport increasingly treated as a utility, with user charges dedicated to quality system delivery, offering choice and affordability.
6. Air Emissions
Unrestricted growth in auto travel, smog gases & greenhouse gases.
Attempts to control smog through better technology.
Healthy air quality and less greenhouse gas emissions through new technology and less need for auto use.
7. Consultation
Policies, decisions & actions with little public input or understanding of long term consequences.
Increasing public consultation at the official planning stage and increased understanding.
Extensive consultation with public and developers throughout the entire process, with costs and benefits widely communicated and understood.
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Interesting Information Available
• Toronto
www.city.toronto.on.ca
• Vancouver
http://vancouver.ca/
• Singapore
www.sg/
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE OFFICIAL PLAN
Ottawa Example
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Role of the Official Plan (Source: www.ottawa2020.com)
• The official plan is a growth management tool.
• It contains City Council’s policies for managing the physical developemnt of Ottawa.
• Official plan – directs the physical developemnt of the city
• It is supported by: - the transportation master plan - the environmental management plan - infrastructure master plan
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Growth Management (as defined by the City of Ottawa)
• “Growth management is about: - anticipating change, and - providing the basis for responding to that
change”.• “It is about setting priorities, maintaining
options and enhancing options and enhancing the high quality of life in the city”.
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Challenges
Ottawa in 2020• Population growth from 800,000 to 1.2 million (50%
growth) - 400,000 more residents (6 times the size of Kanata) - 190,000 new homes - 200,000 more cars and trucks - 100,000 more residents across the river in gatineau
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Challenges (Contined)
Ottawa in 2020 (Continued)• More demand for stores, schools, ice rinks, parks,
public transit, bridges.• More potential for ecosystem degradation and
water pollution.According to the City of Ottawa, “our challenge is to
develop plans, policies, by-laws, programmes and alliances that respond flexibly to change, and speak to all of our vision, not just a part of it”.
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Time Frame & Flexibility
• City of Ottawa’s “Official Plan contains policies for managing growth to the year 2020”.
• The plan is based on the possibility that “the population of Ottawa could reach 1.2 million by 2020”.
• The philosophical thrust of the plan “
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Official Plan Vision (City of Ottawa)
• Uniquely Ottawa
- Proudly the Nation’s Capital
- Maintaining a Vibrant Downtown
- Enjoying Our Built Heritage
- Having a Distinctive Rural Area
- Shaped by the Rivers and Canal
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Official Plan Vision (City of Ottawa)
• Liveable Communities - Promoting Communities of Distinctive
Character - Developing Attractive and Well
Designed Communities - Fostering Opportunities for Economic
Activity - Communities designed for Walking and
Cycling - Requiring Compact Mixed Development
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Official Plan Vision (City of Ottawa)
• Liveable Communities (Continued) - Making available a Variety of Housing
Choices - Transit, Road and Greenspace Linked
Communities - Creating and Sustaining Healthy
Communities - Conditions that make for Safe and
Secure Communities
September 2005 Urban Planning Carleton University
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Official Plan Vision (City of Ottawa)
• A Green City - The Splendour of a Green City
- Recognizing and Building a Greenspace Network
- Focussing on Development in Harmony with the Environment
- Action to Protect Groundwater and Surface Water
- Lifestyle Supportive of Clean Air, Water and Earth