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September is national cholesterol education month. What is cholesterol?. It is a major risk factor for heart and cardiovascular disease. Kinds of cholesterol. good cholesterol because it helps remove LDL (low-density lipoprotein) from the blood. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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good cholesterol because it helps remove LDL (low-density lipoprotein) from the blood.
actually works to clear cholesterol from the blood.
considered harmful because it tends to fall apart and form deposits on the lining of arteries.
main source of artery clogging plaque. can irritate the arteries, triggering a
chain reaction that results in plaque build- up and possibly blocked arteries.
A cholesterol test is a simple blood test that can tell you about your total cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels, important indicators of a patient's risk of heart disease. People aged 20 years and older should have their cholesterol checked at least once every 5 years. Knowing your numbers and the facts on cholesterol can help you prevent cardiovascular disease.
Do you know that..
Other Facts..
*Too much cholesterol in your body is a major risk factor for heart disease.
* Triglycerides are another fat in our bloodstream. Research is now showing that a high levels of triglycerides is also linked to heart disease.
Too much cholesterol in
the body
Build up of cholesterol in the walls of arteries
Arteries become narrowed
ATHEROSCLEROSISblood flow
to the heart
muscle is slowed down or blocked
High cholesterol itself does not cause any symptoms; so many people are unaware that their cholesterol levels are too high. Therefore, it is important to find out what your cholesterol numbers are because lowering cholesterol levels that are too high lessens the risk for developing heart disease and reduces the chance of a heart attack or dying of heart disease, even if you already have it.
everyone over the age of 20 should get their cholesterol levels measured at least once every 5 years.
The test that is performed is a blood test called a lipoprotein profile that includes:
Total cholesterol levelLDL (the “bad” cholesterol)HDL (“good” cholesterol)Triglycerides
Recommendation..
LDL Cholesterol LDL-Cholesterol Category
Less than 100 Optimal
100-129 Near optimal/above optimal
130-159 Borderline high
160-189 High
190 and above Very high
HDL* HDL-Cholesterol Category
60 or more Desirable – helps to lower risk of heart
disease
Less than 40 Major risk factor – increases the risk for
developing heart disease
*HDL (good) cholesterol protects against heart disease, so for HDL, higher numbers are better.
TRIGLYCERIDES
HDL-Cholesterol Category
Less than 150 Normal (desirable)Heart disease
150-199 Borderline high
200 or more High, may require treatment in some
people
Saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol in the food you eat increase cholesterol levels
Reducing the amount of saturated fat and trans fats and cholesterol in your diet helps lower your blood cholesterol level
Increasing the amount of fiber and plant derived sterols can also help lower LDL cholesterol
Being overweight can also increase your cholesterol
Losing weight can help lower your LDL, total cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels, as well as raise you HDL.
Regular exercise can lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol
You should try to be physically active for 30 minutes on most days.
Before menopause, women tend to have lower total cholesterol levels than men of the same age
After menopause, however, women’s HDL levels tend to rise.
Your genes partly determine how much cholesterol your body makes
High blood cholesterol can run in families.
Occasionally a medical condition may cause an elevation of cholesterol levels in the blood
These include hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid gland), liver disease and kidney disease.
Some medicines like steroids and progestins may increase the “bad” cholesterol and decrease the “good” cholesterol.
o smoking, o high blood pressure
(hypertension), o diabetes, o high cholesterol, o family history of heart disease, o peripheral artery disease, o obesity
if you have 0-1 risk factor for heart disease, you are at low-to-moderate risk. Generally, lifestyle changes are effective in keeping the cholesterol in check.
Low to Moderate Risk
If you have 2 or more risk factor for heart disease, you are at moderate risk, depending on what heart disease risk factors you have. Sometimes your doctor will try lifestyle changes, but most people require cholesterol-lowering drugs or drugs to raise HDL plus an appropriate diet and exercise program.
Moderate Risk
If you have known heart disease, diabetes, or multiple risk factors, you are at high risk. Most people in this group will require a combination of cholesterol-lowering drugs and lifestyle changes to control their cholesterol levels.
High Risk
Control any other risk factors you may have, such as high blood pressure and smoking.
Follow a low saturated fat, low cholesterol eating plan
Maintain a desirable weight Participate in regular physical
activity Begin medication therapy as
directed by your physician
Statins Niacin Bile-acid derivatives Selective cholesterol absorption
Other information..* Cholesterol-lowering medicine is most
effective when combined with a low-cholesterol diet and exercise program.
o Muscle acheso Abnormal liver functiono Allergic reaction (skin rashes)o Heartburno Dizzinesso Abdominal paino Constipationo Decreased sexual desireo Memory problemso *If you have muscle aches, call your doctor
immediately. This could be a sign of life-threatening condition