Session 2 - Urban Sanitation 1 GIZ Support to Ministry of Urban Development Training on Preparation of City Sanitation Plan –Part II State of Uttrakhand Session 2: Analysis of technical

Slide 1

GIZ Support to Ministry of Urban Development

Training on Preparation of City Sanitation Plan – Part II

State of Uttrakhand

Session 2:Analysis of technical sectors

Dehradun, 20-22 April 2017

Slide 203.05.2017

Population

forecasting

Solid waste

Access to Toilets

Waste Water

Water supply

Storm water

Identification of Gaps and Key Issues

Slide 303.05.2017

Basis for identifying gaps & key issues

Baseline (Current Status)

Standards

(Thresholds,

Benchmarks)

Gaps &

Key Issues

• Service Level Benchmarks, MoUD (GoI)

• CPHEEO Manuals

• IS codes

• National level advisories

• Best Practices

If ward-wise data not available, provide zone-wise data, sub city level data

Slide 403.05.2017

Population

forecasting

Solid waste

Access to Toilets

Waste Water

Water supply

Storm water


Slide 503.05.2017

Why Population forecast is important ?

Population forecasting is used by planners and policy makers

• To calculate current year population, since census is done every 10 years

• To forecast future demographic characteristics

• To measure future demand of service & develop plans to meet future

demands

• To measure future trends that may effect economic development &

develop plans that can be adapted for future demands aware

Note: Forecasting indicates only the trend of growth. While using

population forecasting for design purposes one needs be careful about the

reliability and the limitations of forecasting

Slide 603.05.2017

• Floating population to be also considered for forecasting

• Administrative boundaries might change in future

• Deviations more likely for long-term forecasting

• Combination of methods can help in reaching more precise

forecasting

• Master Plan as main reference documents for being accountable for

the forecasting

• Regular updates/revision of CSP is required

Population forecasting – Important points

Slide 703.05.2017

Population forecasting

Way forward

1. Provide population for last three to five decades i.e. 2011,

2001,1991, 1981, 1971

2. Refer population forecast in authentic official documents e.g. Master

Plan, CDP, DPRs, etc.

3. As far as possible, use the same method (for population forecasting)

as used in above documents for population forecasting

ULB to calculate population forecasting for current year (2017), short

term (5 years, 2022), intermediate term (15 years, 2032) and long

term (30 years, 2047)

Slide 803.05.2017


Solid waste

Access to Toilets

Waste Water

Water supply

Storm water

Slide 903.05.2017

As per Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

• Urban Development Department in each state shall prepare a State

policy and SWM strategy for the state within one year from the date of

notification of these rules (April 2016)

• Every ULB shall prepare a SWM plan as per State policy and

SWM strategy within six months from the date of notification of

State Policy & SWM strategy

Slide 1003.05.2017

Solid waste – That’s what you need to analyse

1. Solid waste generation

2. Primary collection

3. Secondary collection

4. Conveyance (Transportation) to Treatment facility

5. Processing (Treatment) of Solid wastes

6. Disposal of Solid wastes

Slide 1103.05.2017

Flowchart of Municipal Solid Waste Management

Slide 1203.05.2017

Solid waste generation & forecasting

No. Parameter Calculation Remarks

1 Current population of city assume 1 lac (A)

2 Total waste generated assume 25 TPD (B)

3 Hence, per capita waste generation 300 gm (C=B/A)

ULB to forecast the solid waste generation for 5 years, 15 years and 30 years

Per capita waste generation

Note: Per capita waste generation is increasing by about 1.3% per year. With

an urban growth rate of 3-3.5% per annum, the annual increase in waste

quantities may be considered at 5% per annum

Slide 1303.05.2017

Primary collection

Ward

No. &

Name

No.

of

HHs

Total

waste

generat

ed#

(MT/day)

If Household Door to Door collection system is available

If Household Door to Door

collection system is not

available

Rema

rks

No.

of

HHs

cove

red

Qty. of

waste

collected

(MT/day)

Source

segregat

ion

(Yes/No)

Waste

collectio

n

frequen

cy

Waste

collection

charges

(Rs./month)

Existing

manpo

wer

(Nos.)

Equipm

ents

used

(Nos.)

Method

of

disposal

Qty of

waste

disposed

(MT/day)

Locatio

n of

Dispos

al

ULB to identify gaps and key issues with respect to Primary collection

by analysing the above table

• Does any complaint redressal system exists ? If yes, what is the time taken to

address the complaint & % redressal ? Specify issues (if any) ?

• Are any operational, health & safety standards followed ?

• Any key issues with respect to street sweeping & cleaning of surface drains ?

# The total waste generated excluding waste processed or recycled at the generation point

Slide 1403.05.2017

Secondary collection

ULB to identify gaps and key issues with respect to Secondary

collection by analysing the above table

Ward

No. &

Name

Ward

populati

on

Waste

generat

ed

(MT/day

)

If Community bins are available for secondary collectionIf Community bins are not available

for secondary collectionRemarks

No. of

community

bins

available

Locati

on of

bins

Capacit

y of bins

(MT)

Collecti

on

frequen

cy

System of

collection (type

and number

of vehicle used)

Reason for

unavailabili

ty of bins

Disposal

arrangemen

t

Location

of

disposal

Provide data on No. of Transfer stations, their location, capacity to handle.

Provide status and issues (if any)

Slide 1503.05.2017

Conveyance (Transportation) to Treatment facility

• Are the No. & type of vehicles deployed adequate ?

• Is the capacity of vehicles adequate ?

• Is the travel distance economically not viable ?

Slide 1603.05.2017

Processing (Treatment) of Solid wastes

If any Treatment facility exist ?

• How is biodegradable, non-biodegradable and hazardous waste

treated ?

• Is the treatment facility adequate ?

• Any other issues ?

If no Treatment facility exist ?

• Method of disposal and ill-effects of such disposal ?

Slide 1703.05.2017

Disposal of Solid wastes

If any Scientific landfill facility exist ?

• Does the Landfill only permits non-usable, non-recyclable, non-

biodegradable, non-combustible and non-reactive inert waste,

residues of waste processing facilities, etc.

• Is facility for sorting, storing and transportation of recyclable material

to the processing facility existing ?

• Does the Landfill site meet the specification as given in Schedule-I

of SWM Rules, 2016 ?

Slide 1803.05.2017

Standards for Solid waste management

• Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

• Municipal Solid Waste Management Manual, 2016, CPHEEO, MoUD (GoI)

Slide 1903.05.2017

Estimates for deployment of Vehicles & Manpower

for Primary collection

Source: Municipal Solid Waste Management Manual, CPHEEO, MoUD, GoI, 2016

Slide 2003.05.2017

Staff requirement

The Supreme Court’s Expert Committee on SWM (1999) has recommended hiring the

following professionals in municipal services to scientifically manage municipal solid waste

Qualified staff Upto 1,00,000 population 1,00,000 – 2,50,000 population

Chief Sanitary

Inspector or

Sanitary Officer

(S.O)

1 (if population is more than

50,000)

1 per 1,00,000 population or part thereof or

1 per 2 sanitary inspectors, whichever is less

Sanitary Inspector

(S.I.)

1 per 50,000 population 1 per 50,000 population or part thereof or

1 per 80 sweepers, whichever is less

Sanitary Sub-

Inspector (S.S.I.)



Sanitary

Supervisor (S.S.)




Slide 2103.05.2017

MSW Plan for Class C Municpality


Slide 2203.05.2017

Indicative key issues

• Lack of source segregation and limited composting / waste recovery levels

• Littering and waste dumping in open drains reflects the poor state of SWM in the

city. Door-to-collection is negligible while processing / safe landfilling is non-

existent

• Indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in open storm water drains and inadequate

treatment and disposal facility causes adverse impacts in downstream areas

• Solid waste management system does not comply with the SWM rules, 2016 and

CPHEEO manual

Slide 23

Room mapping exercise Solid Waste

Management

03.05.2017

• Do you have door-2-door collection?

• Is there any kind of Solid Waste Treatment Facility in

your city?

Slide 2403.05.2017


Solid waste

Access to Toilets

Waste Water

Water supply

Storm water

Slide 2503.05.2017

Access to Toilets – That’s what you need to analyse

1. Coverage of Toilets

2. Community Toilets

3. Public Toilets

Slide 2603.05.2017

Coverage of Toilets (Individual & Community)

ULB to identify gaps and key issues with respect to coverage of toilets


ULB to identify no. & location of additional individual and community toilets

required (if any)

WardTotal

HHs

Urban

poor HHsNo. of HHs No of urban poor HHs Remarks

Having

individual

toilets

Dependent

on

community

toilets

Practicing

open

defecation

Having

individual

toilets

Dependent

on

community

toilets

Practicing open

defecation

Slide 2703.05.2017

Community Toilet Blocks

ULB to identify gaps and key issues with respect to Community Toilets


S

r.

N

o.

Lo

cat

ion

/

Wa

rd

No. of

Popula

tion

depen

dent

No of

Seats

No of

Urinals

Waste water

disposal

arrangement

(sewered,

septic tank,

open drains,

etc)

Function

al status

(water,

lighting,

etc)

Design

considerat

ion for

men &

women

(privacy) –

Yes / No

Is

complaint

redressal

system

available ?

Own

ed

&

Main

taine

d by

User

charg

es

(Rs)

Cost

Reco

very

(%)

Re

ma

rks

M

en

Wo

men

Me

n

W

om

en

Slide 2803.05.2017

Public Toilets

ULB to identify gaps and key issues with respect to Public Toilets by

analysing the above table

As per user demand, ULB to identify no. & location of additional public toilets

required (if any)

S

r.

N

o.

Lo

cat

ion

/

Wa

rd

No. of

floating

populat

ion

depen

dent

No of

Seats

No of

Urinals

Waste water

disposal

arrangement

(sewered,

septic tank,

open drains,

etc)

Function

al status

(water,

lighting,

etc)

Design

considerat

ion for

men &

women

(privacy) –

Yes / No

Is

complaint

redressal

system

available ?

Own

ed

&

Main

taine

d by

User

charg

es

(Rs)

Cost

Reco

very

(%)

Re

ma

rks

M

en

Wo

men

Me

n

W

om

en

Slide 3003.05.2017

Standards for Toilets

• IS 1172 : 1993, Code of Basic Requirements for Water supply, Drainage and

Sanitation

• Guidelines on Community Toilets, 1995, Ministry of Urban Affairs and Employment

(GoI)

• National School Sanitation Manual, MoUD & MHRD (GoI)

• State / Local Municipal Building rules (Uttrakhand (to be confirmed ) Municipality

Building Rules)

• Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), MoUD (GoI)

• Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya – A National Mission

Slide 3103.05.2017

Norms for Toilets

• Source: Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), MoUD (GoI)

Men Women

Toilet seats 35 25Community

Toilets

Toilet seats

One per 100 persons up to

400 persons;

For over 400 persons, add

at the rate of one per 250

persons or part thereof

Two for 100 persons up

to 200 persons;

over 200 persons, add at

the rate of one per 100

persons or part thereof

Public Toilets

UrinalsOne for 50 persons or

part thereofNil

Slide 3203.05.2017


• Inadequate and deficiently designed, operated & managed individual and

community toilets in the urban poor areas resulting in open defecation and

severe health impacts

• Prevalence of open defecation in slums and around religious areas and open

urination at public places

• Inadequately designed, operated and managed public toilets resulting in open

defecation causing health impacts

• Inadequate provision of Public Toilets and Community toilets has led to

prevalence of open defecation in low-income pockets in the fringes and open

urination in commercial areas respectively

Slide 3303.05.2017


Solid waste

Access to Toilets

Waste Water

Water supply

Storm water

Slide 3403.05.2017

Waste water disposal arrangements

ULB to identify gaps and key issues with respect to waste water

disposal arrangements by analyzing the above table

WardNo. of

HouseholdsWaste water disposal arrangement for toilets (No.)

No. of

Insanitary

latrines

Sewerage

system

Septic tank

Soak pitPit

Latrines

Open

drainsOther

Connected

to soak pit

Connected

to open

drain

Slide 3503.05.2017

Waste water (septage management) – That’s what

you need to analyse

1. Waste water disposal arrangements

2. Septic Tanks

3. Septage collection & conveyance

4. Septage Treatment & Disposal / Reuse

Slide 3603.05.2017

Waste water – Value chain

Black water

Grey water

Septic Tank

Effluent

Soak Pit

Septage Desludging

and Transport

DWWTs

Grease Trap

Secondary Treatment

Soil Conditioning

Irrigation/ Horticulture

Manure/ Fertilizer

Slide 3703.05.2017

Septic Tanks

• Does the design of existing septic tanks (in the city) confirm to IS 2470 (Part 1):1985 ?

o Are the septic tanks two chambered and water tight ?

o What is the physical condition & functional status of septic tanks ? Are they broken ?

o Are the septic tanks of adequate size ?

o Is grey water also entering into the septic tanks ?

o Where are the septic tanks located with respect to the building ? Are they accessible for cleaning ?

• Is the design of septic tanks controlled through building / planning rules at ULB level ?

• Where is the grey water and effluent (from septic tanks) disposed ?

• Does any secondary treatment system (eg. soak pit, dispersion trench, etc.) exist for

disposal and treatment of effluent (from septic tanks) and grey water ?

• Are the secondary treatment systems designed as per IS 2470 (Part 2) : 1985 ?

ULB to identify gaps and key issues related to Septic Tanks

Slide 3803.05.2017

Septage collection & conveyance

ULB to identify gaps and key issues related to Septage collection &

conveyance

• Is septage collection & conveyance activity completely or partially managed by the private

operators ? Are these private operators authorized and regulated ?

• Is the desludging of septic tanks carried out every 2-3 years ?

• Are number & type of vehicles deployed for septage collection & conveyance adequate?

• Does any complaint redressal system exists ?

• Are any operational, health & safety standards followed during septage collection &

conveyance activity ?

Manual Scavenging• No. of manual scavengers in the city ?

• Reasons for manual scavenging

Slide 3903.05.2017

Septage Treatment and Disposal / Reuse

• Does any treatment facility exists ?

• Location for disposal of untreated septage ? What are the ill effects of such

disposal ?

• Is untreated septage reused (eg. manure, etc.) ?

ULB to identify gaps and key issues related to Septage Treatment &

Disposal / Reuse

Slide 4003.05.2017

Standards for Septage Management

• IS 2470 – 1985, Code of Practice for Installation of Septic Tankso Part 1 – Design Criteria and Construction

o Part 2 – Secondary Treatment and Disposal of Septic Tank Effluent

• Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems (Part A-Chapter 9), 2013,

CPHEEO, MoUD (GoI)

• Advisory note ‘Septage management in urban India’, 2013, MoUD (GoI)

• National Policy on Fecal Sludge & Septage Management, 2017

• The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation

Act, 2013

Slide 41Session 3: Stakeholder

03.05.2017

No. of trucks required for servicing (desludging) 1 lac

population (model format)

Source: Advisory note ‘Septage management in urban India’, 2013, MoUD (GoI)

Slide 4203.05.2017


• Lack of information on waste water disposal arrangements

• Limited efforts towards septage management

• Regulation and over sight of onsite Sanitation & Septage Management is

inadequate

• Unscientific disposal of septage from Septic Tanks into open drains causes

adverse impacts in downstream areas

• Higher risk due to improper septic tanks and septage management leading to

contamination of water bodies/water supply distribution system and incidences of

water borne diseases

Slide 4703.05.2017


Solid waste

Access to Toilets

Waste Water

Water supply

Storm water

Slide 4803.05.2017

Water Supply – That‘s what you need to analyse

1. Water demand forecast

2. Zonal level piped water supply

3. Non-Revenue Water (NRW)

Slide 4903.05.2017

Water Supply line diagram – Source to End users

Surface Source

WTP

OHT

End users

Ground Water

OHT OHT

PS PS PS PS PS

Raw water Main

Clear water

Transmission Main

Distribution Network

Meters

WTP – Water Treatment Plant

PS – Pumping Station

OHT – Overhead Tank

WTP

OHT

And/or

Slide 5003.05.2017

• Water supply is not uniform for all households in cities

Sl.

No.Classification of towns / cities

Recommended

Maximum Water

Supply Levels (lpcd)

1 Towns provided with piped water supply but

without sewerage system

70

2 Cities provided with piped water supply where

sewerage system is existing / contemplated

135

3 Metropolitan and Mega cities provided with

piped water supply where sewerage system is

existing / contemplated

150

Per Capita water supply

Source: Manual on Water Supply and Treatment, 1999, CPHEEO, MoUD (GoI)

Availability of water supply directly influences the choice of sanitation systems

Slide 5103.05.2017

Water Demand forecast

ULB to forecast the water demand for 5 years, 15 years and 30 years

No. Parameter Calculation Remarks

A Current population of city with piped

water supply

assume 1 lac (A)

B Current Treatment Capacity of WTP /

Treated water supplied to the city

assume 10 MLD (B)

C Current technical / distribution losses assume 20 % (C)

D Hence actual treated water supplied 8 MLD (D=B-B*C)

E Hence per capita water supply approx. 80 lpcd (E=D/A)

F Water requirement of the city # e.g. 100 lpcd (F)

G Hence current required treatment

capacity / water demand

12.5 MLD (G=F*A/(1-C))

# - Based on adequacy of raw water source and planned sanitation system

Slide 5203.05.2017

Zonal level piped water supply

Zon

e

No.

Zone

nam

e

Rese

rvoir

Type

Capac

ity

(KL)

War

ds

serv

ed

No.

of

HHs

No. of

conne

ctions

Wat

er

Qua

lity

Per capita

supply

(Adequate,

Inadequate)

Frequ

ency

of

water

supply

Hours

of

suppl

y

Pressure

(Adequate,

Inadequate)

Re

mar

ks

Does any complaint redressal system exists ? If yes, what is the time taken to address

the complaint & % redressal ? Specify issues (if any).

Please mention if other sources of supply exist (i.e. tankers, individual wells, etc.) in remarks

column

ULB to identify gaps and key issues at zonal level by analysing the

above table

Slide 5303.05.2017

Non Revenue Water (NRW)NRW: Extent of water supplied that does not earn the ULB any revenue

NRW comprises of

• Consumption which is authorised but not billed (eg. standposts)

• Apparent water losses (eg. illegal water connections, water theft, metering inaccuracies)

• Real losses (eg. leakages in the transmission and distribution networks)

Cost Recovery 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010

Operating

Expenses (Rs.)

Operating

Revenues (Rs.)

Cost Recovery (%)

Efficiency in collection of water related charges should be around 90 %

ULB to identify gaps and key issues related to NRW

Slide 5403.05.2017


• Sub standard quality of water supplied in various parts of the City posing health

risks

• NRW levels are high and need urgent attention

• Water supply is beset with poor service delivery & poor cost recovery

• Service delivery in Water Supply within city falls significantly short of service level

norms

Slide 5503.05.2017


Solid waste

Access to Toilets

Waste Water

Water supply

Storm water

Slide 5603.05.2017

Storm water – That’s what you need to

analyse

• Storm water drainage system

• Water logging / flooding

Slide 5703.05.2017

Storm water drainage system

ULB to identify gaps and key issues with respect to storm water

drainage network by analysing the above table

Zone /

Catchm

ent

Length of

roads (km)Constructed Drains Natural Drains

Remark

s

Length

(km)

Type

(Surface,

covered,

etc.)

Functional

status

Disposal

arrangeme

nt

Length

(km)

Functional

status

Disposal

arrangem

ent

• Are storm water drains clogged due to solid waste dumping ?

• Does waste water enters the storm water drains ?

Slide 5803.05.2017

Water logging / flooding

ULB to identify gaps and key issues with respect to water logging by

analysing the above table

Zone Location / wards1 Frequency

(No. per year)2 ReasonsRemarks

1. Flood prone locations within the city should be identified as locations that experience water

logging at key road intersections, or along a road length of 50 m or more, or in a locality

affecting 50 households or more.

2. An occasion or incident of flooding/water logging should be considered if it affects transportation

and normal life. Typically, stagnant water for more than four hours of a depth more than six

inches.

Does any measures (Rain water harvesting, Permeable pavements, Retention /

Detention areas etc. ) to prevent water logging or managing storm water exists in

the city ? Provide status and issues (if any)

Slide 5903.05.2017


• Storm water drainage network faces severe abuse with ‘grey water flows’ and

‘solid waste dumping’

• Clogging of drains leads to vulnerable pollution hotspots

• Flooding of low lying areas due to poor storm water management in the city

• Poor maintenance and non-integration of the available storm water drainage

network renders it underutilized leading to a considerable number of water

logging areas and hence unhealthy conditions

Slide 6003.05.2017

As a federal enterprise, GIZ supports the German Government in achieving its objectives in the field of international cooperation for sustainable development.

Published byDeutsche Gesellschaft fürInternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

Registered offices, Bonn and Eschborn, Germany

“Support to National Urban Sanitation Policy Programme”

“2nd floor, B-5/2, Safdarjung Encalve , New Delhi – 110029”T 011 - 494945353F 011 - 49495391

E [email protected]

I www.giz.de

Responsible

GIZ – SNUSP & Doon University

Author(s)

GIZ and Doon University

In cooperation with

Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.giz.de/

Documents

Session 2 - Urban Sanitation 1 GIZ Support to Ministry of Urban Development Training on Preparation of City Sanitation Plan –Part II State of Uttrakhand Session 2: Analysis of technical