Session 2B - Quality Standard & Grade Ppt

8/13/2019 Session 2B - Quality Standard & Grade Ppt

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Session 2A Standards &Quality Grade.

Standard & it importance.Process of Standardization.

Chapter 14

P V Mehta & S K Bhard Chapter 3 - Sara J Kadolph.


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Standardization

Standardization is the process of developingand applying rules for a consistent and uniformapproach to specific activity of the benefit and

with the cooperation of all concerned.Thus, standardization involves series of actionsby group of individuals who work towards aspecific goal.Ex.


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Why quality standards areImportant ?

Industry Segments communicationrequirement across all the level.Individual & companies formed professional &

trade organization to educate their members &enhance communication among eachsegments.Organization focus.

- Identifying & defining terms.- Developing consistence practice (evaluating

material & processes )- The fundamental purpose to provide the

consistency between products & product lines.


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What is quality standard

- commonly agreed upon aid for communication &trade.- a set of characteristics or procedures thatprovide a basis for resource an productiondecisions. - Glock & Kunz.-It can be used for wide range of terms.-Textile terms & definition.- standard language promote the exchange ofinformation.-


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What is standard in reference toQuality Control.

Something that is established by authority,customs or general consent as model orexample need to be followed.Something established for use as a rule orbasis of comparison in measuring or judging thecapacity, quantity, content, extent, value, qualityetc.The type, model or example commonly or

generally accepted or adhered to, criteria set forusage or practice. A level of excellence for attainment.


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ISO definition of standard.

Standards are documented agreementscontaining technical specifications or otherprecise criteria to be used consistently as

rules, guidelines, or definitions ofcharacteristics, to ensure that materials,products, processes and services are fit fortheir purpose.


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Benefits of standard.

Facilitate commercial communication product ormaterial & prevent misunderstanding.Production efficiency by standardization of parts, processand products. Interchangeable Needle no. Standard as a marketing strategy to promote Certification.Standardization enhance competition- company becomemore organized process management enhanced.Standards reduce cost & save money.Standard are also used to protect health & environmentquality & promote safety.


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Difference betweenStandard & Grade .

Standard Vs. Grade


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Types of standard.

Company Standards.Industry Standards.Government Standards.

Full consensus standards.International Standard.National Standard.


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Voluntary Standard.

VL allows to companies to determine their ownstd or to adopt a standard.

Ex. ASTM Voluntary standard.- Voluntary standards may become incorported

into laws, regulation or contracts.


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Mandatory standard.

Mandotary standard is required to be followedby a law or regulation.MS are generally related to safety and healthissues. Ex Childrens sleepwear.


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Industry Standards.

Industry standard are developed by tradeassociation or professional society.

Industry standards reflects consensus amongmany companies in an industry or amongindividuals members of profession.

Ex.


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Company standard.

CS reflects consensus among employeesfor product or service.Company Standard used through out in the

company from product development,purchasing, production, & quality assurance.Company Standard include fabriccharacteristics, materials used in the products,

fit of the product and production methods.- Manufacturing & Service industry.


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International Standards.

International Standard to facilitate trade & technologytransfer among nations.International Standard describe a situation in whichmajority of the products or services conform to the same

standard regardless of where the products wasproduced or service performed.The goal of IS is to enhance the product quality andreliability at reasonable prices, produce greatercompatibility of goods & services, simplify and improveproduct & service usability and increase the distributionefficiency.


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Sources of Standard

American Society for testing & Materials (ASTM)

American Association of Textile Chemists andColorists( AATCC).

American National Standards Institution(ANSI).

British Standards Institute ( BSI)

Bureau of Indian Standards.( BIS)


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Sources of Standard

ISO.Textile/Clothing Technology Corporation- (TC)2VICS.

NIST. American Society for Quality.( ASQ )


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ASTM International

ASTM International, originally known as the AmericanSociety for Testing and Materials (ASTM), was formedover a century ago, when a forward-thinking group of

engineers and scientists got together to address frequentrail breaks in the burgeoning railroad industry.Their work led to standardization on the steel used in railconstruction, ultimately improving railroad safety for the

public. As the century progressed and new industrial,governmental and environmental developments creatednew standardization requirements, ASTM answered thecall with consensus standards that have made productsand services safer, better and more cost-effective.


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ASTM

ASTM International is one of the largest voluntarystandards development organizations in the world-a trustedsource for technical standards for materials, products,systems, and services. Known for their high technical quality and marketrelevancy, ASTM International standards have an importantrole in the information infrastructure that guides design,manufacturing and trade in the global economy .Worlds largest Non Government Standard writing body. Not for profit forum for producer, users, ultimateconsumers & general interest meet to write formaterial, products, systems & services.Industries Medical devices, Metal, paint, plastics, textile,petroleum, construction, energy, electronics & many otherindustry.


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ASTM

ASTM continues to play a leadership role in addressingthe standardization needs of the global marketplace.

ASTM continues to be the standards forum of choice ofa diverse range of industries that come together underthe ASTM umbrella to solve standardization challenges.In recent years, stakeholders involved in issues rangingfrom safety in recreational aviation, to fiber opticcable installations in underground utilities, tohomeland security , have come together under ASTMto set consensus standards for their industries.Standards developed at ASTM are the work of over30,000 ASTM members. These technical expertsrepresent producers, users, consumers, governmentand academia from over 120 countries. Participation in

ASTM International is open to all with a material interest,anywhere in the world.


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ASTM

Every year ASTM standards are publishedFor textile & apparel Volume 07.01 & 07.02.The standards developed by Committee D13 areon Textiles

The 81-volume Annual Book of ASTM Standardscontain over 11,000 standards written by 140 ASTMtechnical committees.From the work of 140 standard writing committee,ASTM develops six types of full censuses

standard Test methodsSpecifications,Practices,Terminology.Guides


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ASTMASTM Standards Referenced Test MethodsD 434 Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in Woven Fabrics Using a StandardSeamD 737 Air Permeability of Textile FabricsD 1424 Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum Type (Elmendorf) ApparatusD 1683 Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven FabricsD 2261 Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) ProcedureD 3512 Random Tumble Pilling Tester MethodD 3775 Fabric Count of Woven FabricD 3776 Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of FabricD 3786 Diaphram Bursting Strength Tester MethodD 3787 Bursting Strength of Knitted Goods Trapezoid ProcedureD 3884 Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)D 3940 Bursting Strength and Elongation of Sewn SeamsD 4151 Flammability of BlanketsD 4231 Evaluation of Men's and Boy's Home Launderable Woven Dress Shirts and SportShirtsD 4685 Pile Retention of Corduroy FabricsD 4772 Surface Water Absorption of Terry Fabrics (Water Flow Test Method)

D 5034 Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)D 5035 Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)D 5733 Tearing Strength of Nonwoven Fabrics by the Trapezoid Procedure PracticesD 2904 Interlab Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed DataD 2906 Statements on Precision and Bias for TextilesD 3777 Writing Specifications for TextilesD 4271 Writing Statements for Sampling in Test Methods for Textiles PracticesD 1776 Conditioning Textiles for Testing GuidesD 5489 Care Symbols/Care Instructions on Textile Products


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AATCC.

From its founding in 1921, AATCC has focused on thedyeing & finishing of textiles.There are more than 7500 member from 63 countries.

AATCC develops the internationally recognized standardtest methods used by the industry, government,researchers and others.It develops procedures to assess the characteristics ofmaterials and their performance in the areas of wet

processing, dyeing, care, biological properties and otherrelated factors. AATCC source of test method in areas of colorfastness,wet processing, fiber identification &textile chemistry.


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AATCC. AATCC also maintain relationship withorganization & agencies and participate inactivities with the ISO to bring the uniformity in

testing procedure worldwide. AATCC also works with ANSI.Joint AATCC- ASTM committee.

AATCC Publication. AATCC Review. AATCC & The Society of Dyers and Colorist,Collaborate in publishing Colour Index, astandard reference book that includes the

information on dyes and pigments.


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ISO

ISO is a non- governmental organization established in1947.International Organization of standardization coordinateswith many voluntary organization world wide.

The existance of non-harmonized standards for similartechnologies in different countries or regions cancontribute to technical barrier of trade.Export oriented industries always felt the need to agree

on world standards to help the international trade. Thiswas the origin of establishment of ISO.


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ISO 9000 series is a set of five individual but interrelatedinternational standard on quality management & qualityassurance.

The ISO 9000 quality management standards areaccepted by many countries.ISO certification must in some courtiers for certain trade.The ISO certification indicates that a company has metthe criteria for the quality system that is well understoodby all the employees of the company.Documentation & Auditing exist for various activities .

ISO


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ISO 14000 Environmental ManagementSystem (EMS ) program enables any originationor company to formulate, implement and audit

policies related to their impact on environment.Companies use ISO 14000 registration as ameans of showing regulatory compliance withand commitment to environmental protection.ISO 18000 -


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ANSIThe American National Standards Institute (ANSI )coordinates development and use of voluntaryconsensus standards in the United States andrepresents the needs and views of U.S. stakeholders instandardization forums around the globe.The ANSI has served as in its capacity as administratorand coordinator of the United States private sectorvoluntary standardization system for 78 years.

ANSI does not develop American National standardsrather it facilitate development by establishing theconsensus among qualified group.


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ANSIANSI facilitates the development of AmericanNational Standards (ANS) by accrediting theprocedures of standards developing organizations(SDOs). These groups work cooperatively to developvoluntary national consensus standards. Accreditationby ANSI signifies that the procedures used by thestandards body in connection with the development of

American National Standards meet the Institute'sessential requirements for openness, balance,consensus and due process.

ANSI is the official U.S. representative to theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) and,via the U.S. National Committee, the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) . ANSI is also amember of the International Accreditation Forum (IAF).
http://webstore.ansi.org/SdoInfo.aspx?sdoid=39http://webstore.ansi.org/SdoInfo.aspx?sdoid=40http://webstore.ansi.org/SdoInfo.aspx?sdoid=40http://webstore.ansi.org/SdoInfo.aspx?sdoid=40http://webstore.ansi.org/SdoInfo.aspx?sdoid=40http://webstore.ansi.org/SdoInfo.aspx?sdoid=39


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The Institute oversees creation, promulgation anduse of thousands of international norms andguidelines that directly impact businesses in nearlyevery sector: from acoustical devices to

construction equipment, from dairy and livestockproduction to energy distribution, and many more.

ANSI is actively engaged in accrediting programsthat assess conformance to standards - including

globally-recognized cross-sector programs such asthe ISO 9000 (quality) and ISO 14000(environmental) management systems .

ANSI
http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+9000+Collection+1http://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&DeptID=230&Acro=ISO%20&DpName=ISO%20ICS%2013.020%20-%20ISO%2014000%20-%20Environmental%20Managementhttp://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&DeptID=230&Acro=ISO%20&DpName=ISO%20ICS%2013.020%20-%20ISO%2014000%20-%20Environmental%20Managementhttp://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&DeptID=230&Acro=ISO%20&DpName=ISO%20ICS%2013.020%20-%20ISO%2014000%20-%20Environmental%20Managementhttp://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&DeptID=230&Acro=ISO%20&DpName=ISO%20ICS%2013.020%20-%20ISO%2014000%20-%20Environmental%20Managementhttp://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&DeptID=230&Acro=ISO%20&DpName=ISO%20ICS%2013.020%20-%20ISO%2014000%20-%20Environmental%20Managementhttp://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&DeptID=230&Acro=ISO%20&DpName=ISO%20ICS%2013.020%20-%20ISO%2014000%20-%20Environmental%20Managementhttp://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+9000+Collection+1


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BIS.

As the worlds first national standards organization,BSI British Standards has a globally recognized reputationfor independence, integrity and innovation in theproduction of standards and information products thatpromote and share best practice.SI British Standards is the UK's National StandardsBody (NSB) and was the world's first.It represents UK economic and social interests

across all of the European and internationalstandards organizations and through thedevelopment of business information solutions forBritish organizations of all sizes and sectors.


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BSI British Standards works with manufacturingand service industries, businesses,governments and consumers to facilitate theproduction of British, European and international

standards.Part of BSI Group, BSI British Standards has aclose working relationship with the UKgovernment, primarily through the Departmentfor Innovation, University and Skills (DIUS).BSI British Standards is a non-profit distributingorganization, which means that any profits arereinvested into the services it provides.


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BSI- It is a leading provider ofstandardization and consortia servicesto the public and private sectors, servingthe interests of a wide range of industrysectors as well as governments,consumers, employees and societyoverall, to make sure that British,European and international standardsare useful, relevant and authoritative


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BSIBSI British Standards has 27,000 current standards; thisequals one for every 59 businesses in the UK.BSI standards cover everything from accounting to zoomlenses.

There are approximately 6,000 standards in development atany one time.Over 130,000 BSI standards are sold each year in hard copyalone.6,000 people from 1,800 organizations are involved inhelping BSI to make approximately 1700 standards each year.The most popular standard in the world (ISO 9001 Qualitymanagement systems. Requirements) is used by over 670,000organizations in 154 countries.Both ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 began as British standards, asdid some of the other top global standards (eg health & safety


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During the pre independence period, standardization activitywas sporadic and confined mainly to a few Governmentpurchasing organization. However, immediately afterindependence, economic development through coordinatedutilization of resources was called for and the government

recognized the role for standardization in gearingindustry to competitive efficiency and quality production. TheIndian Standards Institution (ISI) was, therefore, set up in1947 as a registered society, under a Government of Indiaresolution.The Indian Standards Institution gave the nation thestandards it needed for nationalization, orderly industrial andcommercial growth, quality production and competitiveefficiency.However, in 1986 the government recognized the need forstrengthening this National Standards Body due to fastchanging socio-economic scenario and according it a

BIS


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BISThus came the Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and on1 April 1987, newly formed BIS took over staff assets,liabilities and functions of erstwhile ISI.Through this change over, the Government envisagedbuilding of the climate of quality culture and consciousnessand greater participation of consumers in formulation andimplementation of National Standards.BIS is engaged in formulation of Indian Standards for thefollowing sectors :Basic & Production Engineering

ChemicalsCivil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Transport EngineeringElectronics and Information TechnologyElectro technicalFood and Agriculture

Management and SystemsMedical Equipment and Hospital Planning

Metallurgical Engineering & Petroleum Coal and Related ProductsT til

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Session 2B - Quality Standard & Grade Ppt